Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Validation |
ValidationNoun1. The act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something. 2. The cognitive process of establishing a valid proof. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "validation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1907. (references) |
Etymology: Validation \Val`i*da"tion\, noun. [Compare to the French expression validation.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Validation The stage in the software life-cycle at the end of the development process where software is evaluated to ensure that it complies with the requirements. (1995-02-14). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Environment | The part of model evaluation in which modeled results are compared with measured values. Source: European Union. (references) |
Finance | Proof, confirmation, or evidence to confirm or legally support a claim or contract. (references) |
Industry | The marking of tickets or passes making them valid for use. Source: European Union. (references) |
Information | Incorporation of the experiences achieved during the test phase of a thesaurus. Source: European Union. (references) |
Science | Comparing a climate model's predictions with observations of the real climate, in order to test the reliability and accuracy of the model. The most obvious way to test a climate model is to use it to analyze past events, and then see whether its simulated prediction 'came true,' or how close it was to being correct. (references) |
Shipping | Authentication of B/L and when B/L becomes effective. (references) |
Statistics | A procedure which provides, by reference to independent sources, evidence that an inquiry is free from bias or otherwise conforms to its declared purpose. In statistics it is usually applied to a sample investigation with the object of showing that the sample is reasonably representative of the population and that the information collected is accurate. Source: European Union. (references) |
Transportation | The express indication by a Member State in a licence issued by another Member State that this licence can be used as one of its own for the purpose specified on the licence. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
1. Tests to determine whether an implemented system fulfills its requirements.
2. The checking of data for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
3. [The] process of applying specialized security test and evaluation procedures, tools, and equipment needed to establish acceptance for joint usage of an AIS by one or more departments or agencies and their contractors.
Note: This action will include, as necessary, final development, evaluation, and testing, preparatory to acceptance by senior security test and evaluation staff specialists.
4. In universal personal telecommunications, the process of verifying that a user or terminal is authorized to access UPT services.
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from the National Information Systems Security Glossary
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Validation."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| VALID | English | Validation methods and tools for knowledge-based systems | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ValidationSynonyms: establishment (n), proof (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Validation |
| English words defined with "validation": a posteriori ♦ documentation ♦ support. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "validation": Boundary Validation Program ♦ casing check, clinical counselo, CLINICAL THERAPIST, CORRELATIVE DATA, cross validation ♦ Formalisms,Methods and Tools, FOR-ME-TOO ♦ Ground Calibration Site ♦ Independent Verification and Validation, intelligent database ♦ model validation ♦ OPERATIONS-RESEARCH ANALYST ♦ prospective validation ♦ repetitive grid, retrospective validation ♦ Scientific Information Service, Software Validation, Super Site, Systems Development Life Cycle ♦ validation process, Validation Site. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Validation" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (authentication, validation). |
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Further studies on the development and validation of this instrument should be encouraged. (references) | |
Validation of generic health-related quality of life assessment instruments for use in TBI is needed, as well as the development and validation of TBI-specific instruments. (references) | ||
Promising pilot studies should be followed by a validation phase, during which alternative assays for the biomarker are evaluated in a head-to-head comparison and prognostic/predictive value is studied. (references) | ||
Business | The RSCs forward their requirement proposals to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) for validation. (references) | |
Formosa Raul Barberis 40,000 new n/a Onions, cotton, citrus, alfalfa, wheat Participation in technology validation program; Expansion of irrigated land. Mendoza Carlos Abihaggle 350,000 n/a Grapes, temperate fruits, vegetables Infrastructure modernization; Sale of pressurized systems for on-farm modernization. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Kyrgyz Republic | After the validation of the passport, travel is unrestricted. (references) |
Iran | The Government requires exit permits (a validation stamp placed in the traveler's passport) for draft-age men and citizens who are politically suspect. (references) | |
Economic History | Canada | Individuals in these categories are subject to Canada's job validation process. (references) |
Political Economy | TAIWAN | The requirement on foreign pharmaceutical factories to submit pharmaceutical plant validation files has been criticized by industry as onerous. (references) |
Trade | Ecuador | The new law provides for equal treatment, recognition and validation of free sale certificates, better expiration terms, and decentralization of the process. (references) |
Bulgaria | Customs will stamp the carnet thereby validating it. Upon departure, the carnet must again be presented for validation, confirming that the product is being transported out of Bulgaria. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Validation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.82% of the time. "Validation" is used about 549 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.82% | 548 | 11,337 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.18% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 549 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "validation": data validation ♦ independent Verification and Validation ♦ model validation ♦ prospective validation ♦ retrospective validation ♦ software validation ♦ validation process ♦ Validation Studies [Publication Type]. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "validation": self-validation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
validation | 138 |
java script form validation | 52 |
computer software validation | 40 |
form validation | 38 |
cleaning validation | 32 |
computer fda software validation | 30 |
process validation | 27 |
debt validation | 26 |
email validation | 24 |
clean room validation | 24 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "validation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | sanksionim (authorization, imprimatur, ratification, sanction, sanctions), miratim (acceptance, acclamation, adoption, approbation, approval, assent, confirmation, consent, countenance, enactment, endorsement, Favor, favour, goodwill, imprimatur, indorsement, leave, ok, okay, okey, ratification, recognition, sanction, warrant). (various references) | |
Arabic | فاعلية (effectiveness), سريان مفعول (force, validity, vigor, vigour). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | утвърждаване (affirmation, confirmation), ратификация (sanction), потвърждаване (affirmation, confirmation, ratification, verification). (various references) | |
Chinese | 检验 (Assayed, Assaying). (various references) | |
Danish | validitetscheck (validation process, validity check, validity checking), valideringsfase, validering (software validation), modelvurdering (model validation), gyldighedsstempling, gyldighedspaategning. (various references) | |
Dutch | validiteitscontrole (validation process, validity check, validity checking), validering, validatie (software validation), rechtsgeldigmaking, ontwaarden, modelvalidatie (model validation), geldigverklaring, geldigmaking, geldigheidscontrole (validation process, validity check, validity checking), bekrachtiging (confirmation, ministerial decree extending..., ratification, sanction). (various references) | |
Finnish | validointi, vahvistaminen, ohjelmiston kelpuutus (software validation), luotettavuusarviointi (model validation), luotettavuuden toteaminen, lipun leimaaminen, kelpuutus (rating, software validation), kelpoisuustarkastus (validation process, validity check, validity checking), ilmastomallin luotettavuusarviointi (model validation). (various references) | |
French | validation (software validation, validation process, validity check, validity checking). (various references) | |
German | Gültigkeitsprüfung (validation process, validity check, validity checking), Bestätigung (acknowledgement, acknowledgment, affirmation, attestation, authentication, certification, confirm, confirm primitive, confirmation, confirmed reservation, corroboration, endorsement, ratification, reassurance, recognition, reinforcement, upholding, verification). (various references) | |
Greek | έλεγχος εγκυρότητας (validation process, validity check, validity checking), νομιμοποίηση (legalization, legitimation, legitimization), εγκυρότητα (software validation, validity), επικύρωση (authentication, confirmation, probate, ratification, sanction, visa), επαλήθευση μοντέλου (model validation), επαλήθευση προτύπου (model validation), λογισμικό εγκυρότητας (software validation), ακύρωση (abolishment, abolition, abrogation, annulment, cancel, cancellation, invalidation, nullification, repeal, rescission, reversal, voidance). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מתן תוקף, תקוף, אמות (authentication, check, corroboration, proof, substantiation, verification), "ק ית תוקף, "כשר" (preparation, qualification, qualifications, training), "כשר (authorization, confirmation, ritual permit by rabbi, sanction), תי ת תוקף. (various references) | |
Hungarian | érvényesítés (vindication). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pengesahan (legalization, ratification), pemberlakuan (obtaining, prevailing). (various references) | |
Italian | verifica di validit (validation process, validity check, validity checking), validazione (verification), Validato, obliterazione (obliteration), legittimazione (identification card, identity card), convalida del software (software validation), convalida (cachet), controllo di validit (validation process, validity check, validity checking). (various references) | |
Korean | 확인 (Authenticating, check-in, Confirming, identifying, Verifying). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | alidationvay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | validação (model validation, software validation, validation process, validity check, validity checking). (various references) | |
Romanian | validare, echivalare (confirmation, equalization). (various references) | |
Russian | ратификация (confirmation, ratification), аттестация (attestation, certificate of character), легализация (legalization). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | potvrđivanje (affirmation, attestation, ratification, substantiation), ozakonjenje (legitimation), overavanje, legalizovanje. (various references) | |
Spanish | validación (software validation, trusting). (various references) | |
Swedish | godkännande (acceptance, accession, acclaim, adoption, approbation, approval, endorsement, indorsation, indorsement, pass, pass degree, sanction). (various references) | |
Turkish | tasdik (attestation, confirmation, ok, okay, ratification), onaylama (acceptance, appro, approval, attestation, carriage, certification, confirmation, corroboration, legitimation, ratification, recognition, subscription). (various references) | |
Ukranian | ратифікація (confirmation, ratification), затвердження (approbation, approval, proving, ratification), легалізація (legalization). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự phê chuẩn (affirmation, ratification, sanction), sự l m cho có hiệu lực, sự công nhận có đủ giá trị. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "validation": validations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "validation": invalidation, revalidation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "validation": invalidations, revalidations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Validation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: alization, vadilation, vaidation, valication, validati. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "validation" (pronounced va'ludā"shun) |
| 9 | v a' l u d ā" sh u n | invalidation. |
| 7 | -l u d ā" sh u n | consolidation. |
| 6 | -u d ā" sh u n | accommodation, degradation, depredation, fluoridation, intimidation, liquidation, oxidation, sedation, trepidation. |
| 5 | -d ā" sh u n | commendation, foundation, gradation, inundation, recommendation, retardation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intonation, intoxication, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-d-i-i-l-n-o-t-v" | |
-2 letters: aviation, dilation, lavation. | |
-3 letters: alation, datival, invalid, invital, lianoid, tolidin, valiant, valonia. | |
-4 letters: alodia, anodal, atonal, avidin, dalton, inlaid, ladino, latino, navaid, talion, vandal, violin, volant. | |
-5 letters: aalii, aioli, aland, alant, aloin, anvil, avail, avant, avian, avion, avoid, danio, davit, divan, divot, dotal, idiot, iliad, indol, iodin, lanai, liana, litai, livid, lovat, naiad, natal, naval, nidal, nitid, nival, nodal, notal, oidia, talon, tidal, tolan, tonal, tondi, valid, vanda, viand, vinal, viola, vital, voila, volta, volti. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-d-i-i-l-n-o-t-v" | |
+1 letter: invalidator, validations. | |
+2 letters: derivational, invalidation, invalidators, revalidation, vasodilation. | |
+3 letters: invalidations, revalidations, valedictorian, vandalization, vasodilations. | |
+4 letters: valedictorians, vandalizations, vasodilatation. | |
+5 letters: vasodilatations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 61 6C 69 64 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)...- .- .-.. .. -.. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01100001 01101100 01101001 01100100 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V a l i d a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0061 006C 0069 0064 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)56677875706786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Abbreviations 11. Acronyms 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Orthography 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
