Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

| Language | Expression | English Translation or Definition |
| French | assistance | assistance, attendance, aid, help. |
| Latin | assistance | adminiculum, Ops, praesidium. |
| Turkish | assistance | assist. |
Source: compiled by the editor from the definition of praesidium; see credits. | ||
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.