Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Sustenance |
SustenanceNoun1. A source of materials to nourish the body. 2. The financial means whereby one lives; "each child was expected to pay for their keep"; "he applied to the state for support"; "he could no longer earn his own livelihood". 3. The act of sustaining. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "sustenance" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Sustenance \Sus"te*nance\, noun. [Old French expression sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: compare to Latin sustenentia endurance. See Sustain.]. (Websters 1913) |
Synonyms: SustenanceSynonyms: aliment (n), alimentation (n), bread and butter (n), keep (n), livelihood (n), living (n), maintenance (n), nourishment (n), nutriment (n), nutrition (n), support (n), sustainment (n), sustentation (n), upkeep (n), victuals (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Food | Food, pabulum; aliment, nourishment, nutriment; sustenance, sustentation, sustention; nurture, subsistence, provender, corn, feed, fodder, provision, ration, keep, commons, board; commissariat; (provision); prey, forage, pasture, pasturage; fare, cheer; diet, dietary; regimen; belly timber, staff of life; bread, bread and cheese. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Sustenance |
| English words defined with "sustenance": bare, barren, bleak, Boscage ♦ cater, Corody ♦ desolate ♦ Estovers ♦ Food yolk ♦ ply, provide ♦ Right of support ♦ stark, supply, Sustentacle. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "sustenance": Baptism ♦ ecological system ♦ Firmament ♦ Lizard ♦ rotary debugger ♦ Wet Nurse. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "sustenance": sustentation. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Red meat, we crave sustenance! (Twister; writing credit: Michael Crichton; Anne-Marie Martin) Only basic sustenance and time. (Stargate SG-1; writing credit: Robert C. Cooper; Brad Wright) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Minerals venting from the seafloor, provide chemosynthetic sustenance for bacteria, some of Earth's earliest life,. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | In those viviparous animals which feed on grass, the conjunction between male and female lasts no longer than the very act of copulation; because the teat of the dam being sufficient to nourish the young, till it be able to feed on grass, the male only begets, but concerns not himself for the female or young, to whose sustenance he can contribute nothing. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Neurons depend wholly on glucose for their sustenance and when glucose metabolism falters, they suffer in various ways. For example, they cannot manufacture as much acetylcholine as normal cells, which may be one reason this neurotransmitter declines in Alzheimer's. (references) | |
Business | The players think that the channel will be part of the system and no vendor can afford to completely do away with it. The inherent advantages of the two-tier distribution model will ensure the sustenance and growth of the channel, which still holds above 70 percent of sales for vendors and will continue to do so. For the sheer scales of economy, the way to market the product to the customer will need a face and a delivery mechanism, and hence the channel. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Nepal | The camps are administered by UNHCR; the World Food Program (WFP) provides sustenance and the Government makes a contribution to the WFP earmarked for the refugees. (references) |
Economic History | Finland | The two organizations agreed to share information concerning opportunities for private investment, exchange knowledge of techniques for the encouragement and sustenance of investment, including approaches to risk mitigation and management, and encourage cooperative enterprises among their nationals to finance private investment in developing economies. (references) |
Worker Rights | El Salvador | Minors, age 14 or older, may receive special Labor Ministry permission to work, but only where such employment is indispensable to the sustenance of the minor and his or her family. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | International terrorists and the rogue states that give them sustenance and protection are our sworn enemies. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Sustenance" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.21% of the time. "Sustenance" is used about 127 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.21% | 126 | 28,512 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.79% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 127 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "sustenance": self-sustenance. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
sustenance | 4 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "sustenance"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | ushqim (aliment, alimentation, alimony, allowance, chow, chuck, comestible, cuisine, diet, dish, eatables, eating, fare, feed, feeding, food, foodstuff, grub, input, meat, nourishment, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, pot luck, provender, repast, supply, table, tack, Tommy), mjete jetese (livelihood, maintenance, subsistence), mbështetje (adhesion, aegis, aliment, alimentation, alimony, backup, foundation, furtherance, pillar, promotion, purchase, recourse, stock, support, sustention, tower). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | معيشة (life), مصدر رزق, قوت (aliment, bread, food, nourishment, nutriment, subsistence, victual), تغذية (alimentation, feeding, nourishment, nurture, nutrition, supply), سند (back, backlog, bolster, instrument, obligation, policy, prop, repose, script, shore, support), عول (keen, moan, pule, ram, responsibility, snivel, ululate, wail), إعالة (maintenance), رزق (bread, life, livelihood, potboiler). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | хранене (alimentation, feed, feeding, meal, nourishment, nurture, nutrition), храна (aliment, board, boarding, chow, chuck, diet, dietary, eating, edibles, fare, feed, fodder, food, fuel, meal, meat, nourishment, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, provender, rations, scran, tack, viands, victuals), хранителност (richness), прехрана (keep, livelihood, living, nourishment, subsistence), препитание (nourishment, subsistence), поддържане (maintenance, promotion, support, supporting, upkeep), поддръжка (advocacy, backing up, help, maintenance, push, support, sustentation, upkeep), питателност (nutritiousness, nutritive value, substantiality). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | výživa (aliment, diet, nourishment, nutrition, pabulum), potrava (aliment, food, nourishment, nurture, nutriment), jídlo (chop suey, dish, feed, food, meal, nurture, repast, tack, tuck, victual, victuals), živobytí (keep, livelihood, living, subsistence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | معاش (Livelihood), نگهداری 1 (Conservation, Maintenance, Preservation, Restraint, Retention, Retinue, Upkeep), تغذیه (Nourish, Nourishment, Nurture, Nutrition), اعانت (Sponsorship). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | ylläpito (maintenance, support, upkeep), elatus (livelihood, living, maintenance, subsistence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | sustentation, subsistance (subsistence), nourriture. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Unterhalt (alimony, keep, livelihood, maintenance, upkeep). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | συντήρηση (conservation, keep, keeping, maintenance, preservation, subsistence, support, upkeep), τροφή (aliment, diet, fare, feed, food, grub, nourishment, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, viand), διατροφή (alimony, diet, sustentation), διατήρηση (conservation, keep, maintenance, preservation, sustentation, upkeep). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מחי" (food, keep, living, subsistence), מזון (fare, food, meal, meat, nourishment, pabulum), תמיכ" (aid, assistance, countenance, help, hold, support). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | fenntartás (caveat, continuance, continuation, maintenance, provisions, proviso, qualification, reservation, reserve, salvo, sustainment, upkeep, vindication), tápérték (nutritional value), élelmezés (boarding, catering, feeding, keeping, nutrition). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | sostentamento (keep, maintenance, support, upkeep), nutrimento (aliation, feeding, food, nourishment, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, provisions). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | lhongey (collation, feed, grub, oatmeal, repast), beaghey (feed, foodstuffs, live, livelihood, maintain, nourish, nourishment, nurture, nutrition). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ustenancesay sustento (diet, feed, food, keep, keeping, livelihood, living, maintenance, nourishment, nurture, pabulum, subsistence, support), sustentação (support, sustention), valor nutritivo (nutritional value), princípio (beginning, commencement, first, foundation, fount, fundamental, origin, outset, prelude, prime, principle, start, tenet, threshold), manutenção (conservation, livelihood, support, upkeep), amparo (anchorage, cover, defence, defense, fostering, patronage, protection, refuge, rock, shield, support, supporter), alimento (aliment, alimony, bread, combustible, diet, eating, feed, fuel, keeping, nosh, nourishment, nutriment, pabulum, peck, pension, provender, victual). (various references) subzistenţã (keep, subsistence, support), valoare nutritivã, mijloace de existenţã, hranã (board, bread, diet, eatable, eats, esculent, fare, feed, food, keep, meat, nourishment, nutriment, nutrition, support), chivernisealã (administration, sinecure), întreţinere (feeding, keep, keeping, livelihood, maintenance, repair, support, upkeep). (various references) средства к существованию (livelihood, living, means of subsistence, subsistence), питательность (food value), питание (aliment, alimentation, aliments, alimony, board, feed, feeding, food, nourishment, nuitrition, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, supply). (various references) potpora (backing, brace, buttress, falsework, help, prop, stay, support, sustention, trestle), podrška (aliment, backing, backup, boost, support), izdržavanje (aliment, alimentation, alimony, keep, livelihood, maintenance, support, sustention), žitak. (various references) sustento (bread, livelihood, living, nourishment, sustentation, sustention). (various references) uppehälle (bread, keep, livelihood, living, subsistence). (various references) การบำรุงเลี้ยง. (various references) yardım (aid, alms, assist, assistance, backing, backup, booster, comfort, contribution, cooperation, dole, donation, donative, Favor, favour, furtherance, hand, help, helpfulness, lift, relief, rescue, shot, stand by, succor, succour, support, welfare), yaşatma (sustentation), gıda (aliment, diet, fare, food, nourishment, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum), destek (aid, anchorage, assistance, backing, backup, bolster, booster, brace, bracer, bracket, buttress, contribution, cooperation, corbel, countenance, crutch, endorsement, friend, indorsement, mounting, pillar, pit prop, prop, reinforcement, relief, rest, rider, second, shore, shot, sponsorship, spur, staff, stake, stanchion, stand by, stay, stiffening, strut, support, supporter, supporting, truss, underlay, upholder), besleyici değer, besleme (alimentation, feeding, handmaid, lead in, nourishment, nurse, nurture, nutrition, servant girl, supply, sustentation), besin (aliment, food, nourishment, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, pabulum, sustentation, tack). (various references) харчування (aliment, alimentation, alimony, feed, feeding, food, living, meal, nourishment, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, sustentation), засоби для існування (living), поживність (richness, substantiality). (various references) chất bổ. (various references) ymborth (aliment, board, food), porthiant (food, support). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | gu. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | augmenta, augmentum, cibi, cibis, cibo, ciborum, ciborumque, cibos, cibum, cibus, nutrimenta, pabula, pabulum, victualia, victus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 7, Verse 11 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Hlqen de limoV ef olhn thn ghn aiguptou kai canaan kai qliyiV megalh kai ouc euriskon cortasmata oi patereV hmwn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Venit autem fames in universam Aegyptum et Chanaan et tribulatio magna et non inveniebant cibos patres nostri |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And hungur cam in to al Egipt, and Canaan, and greet tribulacioun; and oure fadris founden not mete. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Then came ther a derth over all the londe of Egipt and Canaan and great affliccion that our fathers founde no sustenauce. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction; and our fathers found no sustenance. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Now there was no food to be had in all Egypt and Canaan, and there was great trouble: and our fathers were not able to get food. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 7, Verse 11 |
| Albanian | Por ra një zi buke dhe u bë një shtrëngesë në gjithë vendin e Egjiptit dhe të Kanaanit, dhe etërit tanë nuk gjenin ushqime. |
| Cebuano | Ug unya miabut ang gutom ug ang dakung kagul-anan sa tibuok Egipto ug Canaan, ug ang atong mga ginikanan walay hingkaplagang mga makaon. |
| Croatian | Onda u cijeloj zemlji egipatskoj i kanaanskoj nasta glad i nevolja velika: oci naši ne mogahu naæi hrane. |
| Danish | Men der kom Hungersnød over hele Ægypten og Kanån og en stor Trængsel, og vore Fædre fandt ikke Føde. |
| Dutch | En er kwam een hongersnood over het gehele land van Egypte en Kanaan, en grote benauwdheid; en onze vaders vonden geen spijs. |
| Finnish | Ja tuli nälänhätä koko Egyptiin ja Kanaaniin ja suuri vaiva, eivätkä meidän isämme saaneet mistään ravintoa. |
| French | Il survint une famine dans tout le pays d`Égypte, et dans celui de Canaan. La détresse était grande, et nos pères ne trouvaient pas de quoi se nourrir. |
| German | Es kam aber eine teure Zeit über das ganze Land Ägypten und Kanaan und große Trübsal, und unsere Väter fanden nicht Nahrung. |
| Haitian Creole | Apre sa, vin gen yon grangou nan tout peyi Lejip ak nan peyi Kanaran. Moun t'ap soufri anpil. Zansèt nou yo pa t' jwenn anyen pou yo te manje. |
| Hungarian | Következék pedig éhség Égyiptom és Kanaán egész földére, és nagy nyomorúság; és nem találnak vala eledelt a mi atyáink. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Kemudian terjadi suatu masa kelaparan yang besar di seluruh negeri Mesir dan Kanaan sehingga orang menderita sekali. Nenek moyang kita tidak bisa mendapat makanan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka datanglah bala kelaparan ke atas seluruh tanah Mesir dan Kanaan itu beserta dengan kesukaran yang besar, sehingga nenek moyang kita tiada lagi dapat makanan. |
| Italian | Venne una carestia su tutto l'Egitto e in Canaan e una grande miseria, e i nostri padri non trovavano da mangiare. |
| Latvian | Tad nâca bads un lielas cieðanas pâr visu Çìipti un Kanaanu, un mûsu tçvi neatrada vairs pârtiku. |
| Maori | Na i reira ka puta he matekai ki te whenua katoa o Ihipa, o Kanaana, a he mate nui: kihai rawa i kitea he oranga e o tatou matua. |
| Norwegian | Så kom det hungersnød over hele Egyptens land og Kana'an, og stor trengsel, og våre fedre fant ikke føde. |
| Portuguese | Sobreveio então uma fome a todo o Egito e Canaã, e grande tribulação; e nossos pais não achavam alimentos. |
| Rumanian | A venit o foamete kn tot Egiptul wi Canaanul. Nevoia era mare, wi pqrinyii nowtri nu gqseau merinde. |
| Shuar | `Tímiatam tsuka tura itiurchatcha ámiayi Ejiptu Núnkanam. Tura jui Kanaan nunkanmasha Núnisan ámiayi. Tuma asamtai ii uuntri yurumkan penké Wáincharmiayi. |
| Swahili | Kisha, kulizuka njaa kubwa katika nchi yote ya Misri na Kanaani, ikasababisha dhiki kubwa. Babu zetu hawakuweza kupata chakula chochote. |
| Swedish | Och hungersnöd kom över hela Egypten och Kanaan med stort betryck, och våra fäder kunde icke få något att äta. |
| Uma | Ngkai ree, rata-mi oro' bohe hobo' hi tana' Mesir pai' tana' Kanaan. Rata-mi oro' bohe toe, wori' tauna to ntodohaka, pai' ntu'a-ta wo'o uma-pi ria pongkoni' -ra. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "sustenance": sustenances. (additional references) | |
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"Sustenance" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: substenance, suscenance, sustenence, sustinance. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "sustenance" (pronounced su"stununs) |
| 7 | -s t u n u n s | abstinence. |
| 6 | -t u n u n s | countenance, incontinence, maintenance. |
| 5 | -u n u n s | chrominance, dissonance, dominance, eminence, immanence, imminence, luminance, ordinance, permanence, predominance, preeminence, prominence, provenance, resonance. |
| 4 | -n u n s | governance, Ordnance, penance. |
| 3 | -u n s | abeyance, abhorrence, absence, abundance, acceptance, accordance, acquaintance, acquiescence, adherence, admirations, admittance, adolescence, affluence, allegiance, alliance, allowance, ambiance, ambience, ambivalence, ambulance, annoyance, appearance, appliance, arrogance, ascendance, assistance, assurance, attendance, audience, avoidance, balance, belligerence, beneficence, benevolence, bioscience, brilliance, cadence, capacitance, circumference, clairvoyance, Clarence, clearance, coexistence, cognizance, coherence, coincidence, coinsurance, comeuppance, competence, compliance, concurrence, condolence, conference, confidence, confluence, conformance, congruence, connivance, conscience, consequence, consistence, continuance, contrivance, convalescence, convenience, convergence, conveyance, correspondence, counterbalance, counterintelligence, credence, dalliance, decadence, Defeasance, deference, defiance, deliverance, dependence, deterrence, deviance, difference, diligence, disallowance, disappearance, discontinuance, disobedience, dissidence, distance, disturbance, divergence, ebullience, elegance, eloquence, emergence, endurance, entrance, equivalence, essence, evanescence, evidence, excellence, existence, expedience, experience, extravagance, exuberance, flamboyance, Florence, forbearance, fragrance, furtherance, grievance, guidance, hindrance, ignorance, imbalance, impatience, impedance, importance, impotence, imprudence, inadvertence, incidence, incoherence, incompetence, inconvenience, independence, indifference, inductance, indulgence, inexperience, inference, influence, inheritance, innocence, insignificance, insistence, insolence, instance, insurance, intelligence, interdependence, interference, intolerance, intransigence, invariance, irrelevance, irreverence, issuance, jurisprudence, licence, license, luminescence, malfeasance, negligence, neuroscience, noncompliance, noninterference, nonviolence, nuisance, obedience, observance, obsolescence, occurrence, omnipotence, omnipresence, opulence, overabundance, overconfidence, overdependence, overreliance, parlance, patience, performance, persecutions, perseverance, persistence, pestilence, petulance, phosphorescence, pittance, precedence, preference, preponderance, prescience, presence, prevalence, protuberance, Providence, province, prudence, pseudoscience, quintessence, radiance, reappearance, reassurance, recalcitrance, recognizance, reconnaissance, recurrence, reemergence, reference, reinspections, reinsurance, relevance, reliance, reluctance, remembrance, reminiscence, remittance, repentance, resemblance, residence, resilience, resistance, resurgence, reticence, reverence, riddance, science, semblance, senescence, sentence, sequence, severance, significance, silence, submergence, subservience, subsidence, subsistence, substance, surveillance, teleconference, temperance, tolerance, transcendence, transference, transience, turbulence, unbalance, utterance, Valence, variance, vehemence, vengeance, videoconference, vigilance, violence, virulence. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-e-n-n-s-s-t-u" | |
-1 letter: acuteness. | |
-2 letters: canteens, cuteness, neatness, nutcases. | |
-3 letters: ascents, caestus, canteen, cetanes, cuestas, cuneate, ectases, encases, entases, nascent, neatens, nuances, nutcase, sateens, seances, secants, senates, senecas, sennets, sensate, stances, suntans, tenaces, uncases, uneases, uneaten, unseats, usances. | |
-4 letters: acutes, aeneus, anenst, anuses, ascent, assent, cantus, castes, causes, ceases, censes, census, centas, cestas, cestus, cetane, cuesta, enacts. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-e-n-n-s-s-t-u" | |
+1 letter: sustenances. | |
+2 letters: subtenancies, unchasteness. | |
+3 letters: conjugateness, consentaneous, neurasthenics, staunchnesses, tenaciousness, translucences, uncertainness. | |
+4 letters: translucencies, unaffectedness, unchastenesses. | |
+5 letters: accountableness, conjugatenesses, consentaneously, discountenances, ineffectualness, inscrutableness, semitranslucent, sesquicentenary, tenaciousnesses, uncertainnesses. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Spoken 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Bible Trace 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
