Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Sum |
SumNoun1. A quantity of money; "he borrowed a large sum"; "the amount he had in cash was insufficient". 2. A quantity obtained by addition. 3. The final aggregate; "the sum of all our troubles did not equal the misery they suffered". 4. The choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience: "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story". 5. The whole amount. 6. A set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets; "let C be the union of the sets A and B". Verb1. Determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "sum" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Sum 1. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Addition is one of the basic operations of arithmetic. Addition combines two or more numbers, the summands, into a single number, the sum. (If there are only two terms, the summands are the augend and addend respectively.) For a definition of addition in the natural numbers, see Addition in N.
See also: counting
Important properties
When adding finitely many numbers, it doesn't matter how you group the numbers and in which order you add them; you will always get the same result. (See Associativity and Commutativity.) If you add zero to any number, the quantity won't change; zero is the identity element for addition. The sum of any number and its additive inverse (in contexts where such a thing exists) is zero.
Notation
If the terms are all written out individually, then addition is written using the plus sign ("+"). Thus, the sum of 1, 2, and 4 is 1 + 2 + 4 = 7. If the terms are not written out individually, then the sum may be written with an ellipsis to mark out the missing terms. Thus, the sum of all the natural numbers from 1 to 100 is 1 + 2 + ... + 99 + 100.
Alternatively, the sum can be represented by the summation symbol, which is the capital Sigma. This is defined as:
The subscript gives the symbol for a dummy variable, i. Here, i represents the index of summation; m is the lower bound of summation, and n is the upper bound of summation. So, for example:
One may also consider sums of infinitely many terms; these are called infinite series. Notationally, we would replace n above by the infinity symbol (∞). The sum of such a series is defined as the limit of the sum of the first n terms, as n grows without bound. That is:
One can similarly replace m with negative infinity, and
for some integer m, provided both limits exist.
Relationships to other operations and constants
It's possible to add fewer than 2 numbers. If you add the single term x, then the sum is x.
If you add zero terms, then the sum is zero, because zero is the identity for addition. This is known as the empty sum. These degenerate cases are usually only used when the summation notation gives a degenerate result in a special case. For example, if m = n in the definition above, then there is only one term in the sum; if m = n + 1, then there is none.
Many other operations can be thought of as generalised sums. If a single term x appears in a sum n times, then the sum is nx, the result of a multiplication. If n is not a natural number, then the multiplication may still make sense, so that we have a sort of notion of adding a term, say, two and a half times.
A special case is multiplication by -1, which leads to the concept of the additive inverse, and to subtraction, the inverse operation to addition.
The most general version of these ideas is the linear combination, where any number of terms are included in the generalised sum any number of times.
Useful sums
The following are useful identities:
The mathematics, behind this first identity, were demonstrated by Carl Friedrich Gauss, during the 18th Century
In general, the sum of the first n mth powers is
- (see geometric series);
- (see binomial coefficient);
where is the kth Bernoulli number.
The following are useful approximations (using theta notation):
- for every real constant c other than -1;
- for every real constant c other than 1;
- for every nonnegative real constant c;
- for all nonnegative real constants c and d;
- for all nonnegative real constants b > 1, c, d.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Addition."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, a series is a sum of a sequence of terms.
Examples of simple series include arithmetic series which is a sum of a arithmetic progression which can be written as:
and geometric series which is a sum of a geometric progression which can be written as:
An infinite series is a sum of infinitely many terms. Such a sum can have a finite value; if it has, it is said to converge; if it does not, it is said to diverge. The fact that infinite series can converge resolves several of Zeno's paradoxes.
The simplest convergent infinite series is perhaps
It is possible to "visualize" its convergence on the real number line: we can imagine a line of length 2, with successive segments marked off of lengths 1, 1/2, 14, etc. There is always room to mark the next segment, because the amount of line remaining is always the same as the last segment marked: when we have marked off 1/2, we still have a piece of length 1/2 unmarked, so we can certainly mark the next 1/4. This argument does not prove that the sum is equal to 2, but it does prove that it is at most 2 -- in other words, the series has an upper bound.
This series is a geometric series and mathematicians usually write it as:
Formally, if an infinite series
is given with real (or complex) numbers an, we say that the series converges towards S or that its value is S if the limit
exists and is equal to S. If there is no such number, then the series is said to diverge.
Some types of infinite series
- A geometric series is one where each successive term is produced by multiplying the previous term by a constant number. Example: 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16...
- The harmonic series is the series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5...
- An alternating series is a series where terms alternate signs. Example: 1 - 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/5...
Convergence criteria
1) If the series ∑ an converges, then the sequence (an) converges to 0 for n→∞; the converse is in general not true.
2) If all the numbers an are positive and ∑ bn is a convergent series such that an ≤ bn for all n, then ∑ an converges as well. Conversely, if all the bn are positive, an ≥ bn for all n and ∑ bn diverges, then ∑ an diverges as well.
3) If the an are positive and there exists a constant C < 1 such that an+1/an ≤ C, then ∑ an converges.
4) If the an are positive and there exists a constant C < 1 such that (an)1/n ≤ C, then ∑ an converges.
5) If f(x) is a positive monotone decreasing function defined on the interval [1, ∞) with f(n) = an for all n, then ∑ an converges if and only if the integral ∫1∞ f(x) dx exists.
6) A series of the form ∑ (-1)n an (with an ≥ 0) is called alternating. Such a series converges if the sequence an is monotone decreasing and converges towards 0. The converse is in general not true.
Examples
The series
converges if r > 1 and diverges for r ≤ 1, which can be shown with the integral criterion 5) from above. As a function of r, the sum of this series is Riemann's zeta function.
The geometric series
converges if and only if |z| < 1.
The telescoping series
converges if the sequence bn converges to a limit L as n goes to infinity. The value of the series is then b1 - L.
Absolute convergence
The sum
is said to converge absolutely if the series of absolute values
converges. In this case, the original series, and all reorderings of it, converge, and converge towards the same sum.
If a series converges, but not absolutely, then one can always find a reordering of the terms so that the reordered series diverges. Even more: if the an are real and S is any real number, one can find a reordering so that the reordered series converges with limit S (Riemann).
Power series
Several important functions can be represented as Taylor series; these are infinite series involving powers of the independent variable and are also called power series.
Historically, mathematicians such as Leonhard Euler operated liberally with infinite series, even if they were not convergent. When calculus was put on a sound and correct foundation in the nineteenth century, rigorous proofs of the convergence of series were always required. However, the formal operation with non-convergent series has been retained in rings of formal power series which are studied in abstract algebra. Formal power series are also used in combinatorics to describe and study sequences that are otherwise difficult to handle; this is the method of generating functions.
Generalizations
The notion of series can be defined in every abelian topological group; the most commonly encountered case is that of series in a Banach space.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Series (mathematics)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
SUM | English | System Utilisation Monitor | Computing |
SUM | Spanish | Servicio Universitario Mundial | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: SumSynonyms: aggregate (n), amount (n), amount of money (n), center (n), core (n), essence (n), gist (n), heart (n), heart and soul (n), inwardness (n), join (n), kernel (n), marrow (n), meat (n), nitty-gritty (n), nub (n), pith (n), substance (n), sum of money (n), sum total (n), total (n), totality (n), union (n), add (v), add together (v), add up (v), sum up (v), summate (v), tally (v), tot (v), tot up (v), tote up (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Numeration | Verb: number, count, tally, tell; call over, run over; take an account of, enumerate, muster, poll, recite, recapitulate; sum; sum up, cast up; tell off, score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute, add, subtract, multiply, divide, extract roots. algebraize. |
Quantity | Noun: quan magnitude; size; (dimensions); amplitude, magnitude, mass, amount, sum, quantum, measure, substance, strength, force. |
Whole | All, the whole, total, aggregate, one and all, gross amount, sum, sum total, tout ensemble, length and breadth of, |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Sum |
| English words defined with "sum": Algebraic sum ♦ direct sum ♦ In sum ♦ lump sum ♦ sum total, sum up ♦ vector sum. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "sum": coalesced sum, Cogito ergo sum ♦ logical sum ♦ ROUND SUM ♦ smash sum, sum of amounts, sum of products type. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "sum": summit. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Sum" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (amount, sum), Faeroese (as, how, how many, how much, like, such as, that, what, which, who), Latin (assume, begin, exact, I am, obtain, purchase, select, suppose, take up). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I have instructed my assistant to be paid into your Swiss bank account the sum of ten million dollars each (The Spy Who Loved Me; writing credit: Christopher Wood) A very worthy sum on a very worthy question (Shakespeare in Love; writing credit: Marc Norman; Tom Stoppard) It's not a question of enough, pal. It's a zero sum game, somebody wins, somebody loses (Wall Street; writing credit: Stanley Weiser and Oliver Stone. Starring Charlie Sheen as Bud Fox, Michael Douglas as Gordon Gekko, and Martin Sheen as Carl Fox.) Let me sum up. (The Princess Bride; writing credit: William Goldman) Perhaps you'd like to wager a sum for her maintenance (Rob Roy; writing credit: Alan Sharp) | |
Lyrics | You're the sum of my equation (Brand New Day; performing artist: Sting) | |
Clever | The sum of human knowledge is not contained in any one language. (references; author: unknown) In three words, I can sum up everything I've learned about life: it goes on. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Homo sum (1922) Video ergo sum (1989) Ergo sum Cogito (1989) Dim Sum Take Out (1988) | |
Song Titles | Sum Waves (Tunes) (performing artist: Steeleye Span) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Histological slide (H & E stain at x300) showing prostate cancer. On the right is a somewhat normal Gleason Value of 3 (out of 5) with moderately differentiated cancer. On the left is less normal tissue with a Gleason Value of 4 (out of 5) that is highly undifferentiated. The Gleason score is the sum of the two worst areas of the histological slide. Credit: Otis Brawley. |  | Mexican migrant housing. Edcouch, Texas. These units are owned by a labor contractor who rents them for a nominal sum to his group of workers. They remain in the lower valley working in the vegetable and citrus fields for about nine months of the year. Th. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Sum blur" by Ariel C. Commentary: "Sum blur." | "Lily_pad_reflecting_pool" by archgimp Commentary: "Nice lunchtime - some sum - pond and lilypads - nice reflection." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Cogito | . . . the saying should be labore, ergo sum; I labor therefore I am a man. |
| The real and concrete truth, not the methodical and ideal, is: homo sum, ergo cogito. | |
| Cogito cogitationes, ergo sum, and cogito me cogitare, ergo sum are the correct forms of the famous formula. | |
| Only the first word of the Cartesian philosophy is true: it was not possible for Descartes to say cogito, ergo sum, but only cogito. | |
Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley | The Lord's prayer contains the sum total of religion and morals. |
Francis Bacon | The sum of behaviour is to retain a man's own dignity, without intruding upon the liberty of others. |
Karl Marx | Society does not consist of individuals but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand. |
Oscar Wilde | Sympathy with joy intensifies the sum of sympathy in the world, sympathy with pain does not really diminish the amount of pain. |
Thomas B. Reed | They never open their mouths without subtracting from the sum of human knowledge. |
Thomas Carlyle | Isolation is the sum total of wretchedness to a man. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | If one who has borrowed from the Jews any sum, great or small, die before that loan be repaid, the debt shall not bear interest while the heir is under age, of whomsoever he may hold; and if the debt fall into our hands, we will not take anything except the principal sum contained in the bond. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Tribunal may award to one of the parties a sum in respect of the expenses of the proceedings. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | None can compute what has been called "the unestimated sum of human pain." Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Hunting of the Snark | Carroll, Lewis | Here the speaker sat down in his place, And directed the Judge to refer to his notes And briefly to sum up the case |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The day on which he took up his residence in the hospital building, he resolved to appropriate this sum once for all to the following uses |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He could not get out the answer for the sum but it did not matter |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | The sum of his discourse was to this effect |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | It is often estimated by multiplying the diastolic pressure by two, adding the systolic pressure, and then dividing this sum by three. (references) | |
Results of this study indicated that the likelihood of progressing to AD was strongly related to the sum of the individual scores in each category. (references) | ||
Business | Many of Saudi Aramco's contracts are awarded on a lump sum turnkey basis. (references) | |
A good number of Saudi Aramco's contracts are awarded on a lump sum turnkey basis. (references) | ||
The sum of the purchased shares may not exceed the amount of the PIF’s charter capital. (references) | ||
Children | Mongolia | However, during the year, the Government set aside a small sum to begin building wheelchair access ramps to public buildings. (references) |
Canada | In June 2000, Les Enfants de Duplessis voted to accept the sum of about $26 million (Can $37 million) offered by the Quebec government. (references) | |
Economic History | India | Royalties and lump sum payments are taxed at 20 to 30 percent. (references) |
Human Rights | Egypt | Kikhiya's family sued the Government following reports that he had been kidnaped from Cairo by Libyan agents, taken to Libya, and executed there in 1994. In 1999 the court had awarded the sum as compensation for the Ministry of Interior's inability to protect a foreign dignitary on Egyptian soil. (references) |
Minorities | Israel and the occupied territories | Critics also pointed out that only half of the total sum represented newly allocated money. (references) |
Political Economy | GHANA | The current daily minimum wage is cedis 5,500, about 75 cents at the present rate of exchange, a sum that does not permit a single wage earner to support a family. (references) |
Political Rights | Tajikistan | Irregularities in a number of constituencies including proxy voting, unsealed ballot boxes, stuffed ballot boxes, votes added in favor of a particular party, lack of consistency between the sum of votes counted and the number of ballots issued, discrepancies between votes considered invalid during the count and the final result sheet, and blank copies of protocols signed before the counting of ballots and filled in with pencil during the count. (references) |
Trade | Ukraine | The minimum authorized statutory fund is ECU 10 million, a small sum by international standards. (references) |
Pakistan | Each certificate represents a definite sum of money, and is transferable in the same way as a bond. (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | Travelers deciding to import any vehicle (including trailers or cycles) or other goods intended for their use, convenience or comfort, but not for consumption, must deposit at the time and place of importation a sum equal to the duty that would be imposed. (references) |
Women | Japan | As of November 21, the AWF had collected donations totaling approximately $4.33 million (548 million yen) and given lump sum payments of almost $2.97 million (376 million yen) and a letter of apology signed by the Prime Minister to more than 188 women from the Philippines, Korea, and Taiwan. (references) |
Worker Rights | Burma | Various subsidies and allowances supplement this sum. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | BEHAVIOR, n. Conduct, as determined, not by principle, but by breeding. The word seems to be somewhat loosely used in Dr. Jamrach Holobom's translation of the following lines from the Dies Irae: Recordare, Jesu pie, Quod sum causa tuae viae. Ne me perdas illa die. Pray remember, sacred Savior, Whose the thoughtless hand that gave your Death-blow. Pardon such behavior. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Nor have we used the power confided by the same act of prolonging the foreign debt by reloans, and of redeeming instead thereof an equal sum of the domestic debt. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | This cession was nevertheless received as the means of indemnifying our citizens in a considerable sum, the presumed amount of their losses. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | We insist that she shall pay us a sum of money which she has acknowledged to be due, and of the justice of this demand there can be but one opinion among mankind. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Taken in sum, I can report that the state of the Union is good. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | My friends, we are not the sum of our possessions. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Sum" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.37% of the time. "Sum" is used about 4,336 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.37% | 4,049 | 2,428 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 5.81% | 252 | 18,696 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.69% | 30 | 63,341 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.12% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Determiner (general) | 0.02% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,336 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "sum" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Sum | Last name | 400 | 19,407 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "sum": a fair sum ♦ a lump sum ♦ a round sum ♦ a sum of money ♦ a vast sum ♦ Algebraic sum ♦ civis Romanus sum ♦ coalesced sum ♦ Davus sum non Oedipus ♦ dim sum ♦ direct sum ♦ do a sum ♦ do a sum in one's head ♦ enormous sum of money ♦ estimate in a lump sum ♦ grand sum ♦ in sum ♦ logical sum ♦ lump sum ♦ make over a sum of money to smb. ♦ make up a sum ♦ non sum qualis eram ♦ preliminary sum ♦ principal sum ♦ purchase sum ♦ round sum ♦ smash sum ♦ sum and substance ♦ sum due ♦ sum insured ♦ sum of amounts ♦ sum of money ♦ sum of products type ♦ sum total ♦ sum up ♦ sum up a person ♦ the sum and substance of what he said ♦ the sum of ♦ tidy sum ♦ to sum up ♦ touch smb. for a sum ♦ twice the sum ♦ undisclosed sum ♦ vector sum ♦ work a sum. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "sum": sum-bit, sum-mer, sum-total, sum-vector. | |
Ending with "sum": fixed-sum, lump-sum, positive-sum, rank-sum, zero-sum. | |
Containing "sum": zero-sum game. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
sum 41 | 6,693 | 41 lyrics still sum waiting | 42 |
41 lyrics sum | 484 | cmos check sum error | 41 |
41 picture sum | 333 | 41 photo sum | 36 |
sum of all fear | 319 | 41 buddy icon sum | 34 |
sum | 223 | 41 fat lip lyrics sum | 34 |
dim sum | 213 | 41 sum video | 33 |
41 pic sum | 136 | 41 biography sum | 32 |
sum 41 tab | 110 | check sum error | 31 |
check sum | 83 | sum 41 mp3 | 31 |
41 hell lyrics song sum | 79 | dim las sum vegas | 27 |
41.com sum | 70 | lump sum | 27 |
41 sum wallpaper | 69 | 41 icon sum | 24 |
dim sum recipe | 68 | sum 41 does this look infected | 23 |
41 guitar sum tab | 62 | md5 check sum | 22 |
cogito sum | 51 | 41 date sum tour | 22 |
cross sum | 48 | sum of us | 21 |
41 hell song sum | 46 | 41 discography sum | 21 |
41 still sum waiting | 44 | lump sum distribution | 20 |
poosie sum | 43 | sum 41 fat lip | 20 |
cogito ergo sum | 43 | bios check error rom sum | 20 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "sum"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | bedrag (amount). (various references) | |
Albanian | shumë (amount, awful, awfully, badly, confoundedly, considerably, consumedly, damnably, dearly, deep, deuced, devilish, ever so, far, far and away, good few, greatly, heap, heartily, highly, jolly, largely, like mad, lot, lots of, lump, many, million, most, much, no end of, not a few, notedly, number, oodles, passing, passingly, Peck, poly-, precious, price, proceeds, quantum, quite, really, remarkably, scrip, so, sorely, summation, thumping, too, tot, total, totality, umpteen, vastly, very, very much, widely), sasi (amount, body, greatness, intake, lot, lump, mass, number, pack, quantity, quantum, run, worth), thelb (backbone, burden, core, crux, essence, essentiality, gist, guts, heart, hinge, kernel, marrow, marrowbone, matter, nub, pith, point, soul, substance, tenor), gjej shumën (cast up). (various references) | |
Arabic | جملة (crowd, group), مجموع (aggregate, aggregated, entirety, score, total, whole), مبلغ من المال (kitty, lump sum, penny), لخص (abridge, abstract, brief, condense, digest, epitomize, recap, recapitulate, summarize), حاصل جمع (aggregate, totality), عملية (operation, process), جمع (accumulate, add, addition, aggregate, ally, amass, assemblage, assemble, band, be gathered, cast, collect, collecting, collection, combination, combine, compile, compose, congregate, connecting, corral, embody, fund, gather, gathering, glean, go berrying, grouping, herd, ingathering, joining up, lump, marshal, muster, pickup, piece together, pile, pile up, pool, put together, raise, rake, rally, reap, round up, scratch, scratch together, stack, sum up, summation, summing up, tot, total, totalize, unite, uniting). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | същност (entity, essence, gist, inwardness, juice, kernel, merits, nature, pith, point, quiddity, reality, self, spirit, thisness), събирам (accumulate, add, add together, add up, aggregate, amass, assemble, bring together, call forth, call together, club, collect, compile, congregate, cumulate, drum up, embody, enlist, foot, furl, garner, gather, get together, harvest, lump, lump together, mass, muster, muster up, pin down, pull together, punch, raise, rake, rake together, rake up, rally, reassemble, reunite, round up, run up, scare up, sum up, swoop, total, totalize, whip in), сума (amount, count, figure, heaps of, number, power, quantum, tot, total), сумирам, връхна точка (acme, apex, climax, highlight, peak, pinnacle, pride, tiptop, ultimate, zenith), аритметическа задача. (various references) | |
Chinese | 總和 , 总和 (summation). (various references) | |
Czech | suma (amount, figure, purse, stim), souèet (count, total), shrnout (epitomize, recap, recapitulate, ruffle, sum up, summarize), seèíst (add up, number, run up, sum up, summarize, tot, total), obsah (area, content, contents, purport, resume, table of contents, volume), obnos (amount), úhrn (aggregate, grand total, total), èástka (amount, figure). (various references) | |
Danish | sum (amount), beløb (amount). (various references) | |
Dutch | som (amount), totaal (amount, at all, complete, completely, entirely, full, integral, overall, quite, through, total, totally, whole, wholly), summa (amount), somma (amount), bedrag (amount). (various references) | |
Esperanto | sumo (amount). (various references) | |
Faeroese | samløga (amount), upphædd (amount). (various references) | |
Farsi | مختصروموجزکردن , مختصر (Compendium, Concise, Epitome, Little, Short, Succinct, Summary, Synopsis, Terse), مبلغ (Amount, Propagandist, Quantity, Tot), حساب کردن (Account, Calculate, Compute, Count, Figure, Score), حاصل جمع (Total), خلاصه نمودن , خلاصه (Abstract, Compendium, Condensation, Digest, Epitome, Extract, Outline, Resume, Scantling, Schema, Short, Sketch, Summary, Summation, Synopsis, Upshot), روی هم , باهم جمع کردن . (various references) | |
Finnish | summa (amount, total). (various references) | |
French | somme (survey), montant. (various references) | |
German | Summe (aggregate, amount, figure, sum total, summation, total), Betrag (absolute value, amount, amount dude, modulus, quantum). (various references) | |
Greek | σύνολο (aggregate, aggregation, ensemble, mass, summation, total), πράξη (act, action, deed, doing, effect, practice, practise, process, transaction), ποσό (amount, merit, quantity), άθροισμα (aggregation, cluster, total), αθροίζω (add, aggregate, cast up, count up, foot, lump, reckon up, sum up, total). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מספר (cypher, digit, figure, number, quantity), לחבר בסך הכל, חשוב (big, calculation, considerable, important, score, significant, substantial, tally), סך הכל (aggregate, sum total, total, totality, toto), סכום (amount, total). (various references) | |
Hungarian | összeg (aggregate, amount, folding money, money, quantity, remittance, summation, total). (various references) | |
Indonesian | menjumlahkan (add), jumlah (amount, tally, total). (various references) | |
Italian | somma (addition, amount, number, summation), importo (amount, import). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 通計 (total), 金高 , 締め高 (total), 全額 (full amount, total), サボタージ員 (checksum, daylight savings time, saboteur, samarium, Samuel, somersault turn, summarize, summary, summer, summer house, summer resort, summer school, summer stock, summer wear, summer wool, summit, support, supporter, underground publishing), 和 (harmony, peace), 合計 (total). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぜんがく (forehead, full amount, total, whole college, Zen studies or practice), しめだか (total), きんだか, つうけい (total), サム , わ (circle, counter for birds, counter for bundles, counter for rabbits, harmony, hoop, link, loop, peace, ring, wheel). (various references) | |
Korean | 액수. (various references) | |
Malay | jumlah (amount, quantity). (various references) | |
Manx | sym (interest), cur ry-cheilley (assemblage, assemble, associate, clump, combine, compile, connect, connotation, consolidate, consolidation, construct, evolve, incorporate, keep together, reconcile, relate, teamwork). (various references) | |
Norwegian | beløp (amount, quantity). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | umsay.(various references) | |
Polish | suma (amount), ilość (amount). (various references) | |
Portuguese | soma (addition, amount, count, entirety, number, quantity, summation, tot, total). (various references) | |
Romanian | sumã (amount, count, total, tune), total (absolute, all out, blank, complete, completely, count, crass, dead, entire, exclusive, gross, inclusive, outright, perfectly, quite, thorough, total, totally, unmitigated, utter, utterly, whole, wholly), rezultat (child, conclusion, effect, end, event, fruit, issue, offspring, outcome, outgrowth, product, progeny, result, resume, upshot), recapitula (recap, recapitulate, resume), problemã de aritmeticã, fond (background, bottom, content, elements, essence, field, fund, gist, ground, groundwork, gut, matter, spine, staple, stock, substance, supply), face socotealã la, exerciţiu de aritmeticã, esenţã (base, being, bottom, content, core, cream, essence, essential, extract, gist, kernel, kind, marrow, materiality, meat, pith, quiddity, quintessence, substance), cotã (altitude, elevation, lot, quota, quotation, share), calcul (account, calculation, calculus, casting, computation, concretion, estimate, estimation, numeration, rate), aduna (abstract, accumulate, add, add up, amass, assemble, call, cast up, collect, concentrate, congregate, crowd, deduce, engross, foot-up an account, forage, garner, gather, glean, harvest, heap, huddle up, ingather, jam, lay in, lump, muster, pack, pick up, pile, pile up, rake together, rake up, rally, reap, scoop up, take up, tot, total, troop). (various references) | |
Russian | сущность (core, entity, essence, essential, essentiality, gist, inwardness, marrow, nature, pith, quiddity, substance), сумма (amount, amount of, amounts, number, tender, tot, total), суммировать сумма;итог, подводить итог (summarize, total), итог (amount, result, resume, summaries, summation, total). (various references) | |
Scottish | suim (a sum, attention, consideration, regard). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | svota (amount), suma (amount), sabirati (add), sažimati (abridge, compress, resume, sum up), zbir (summation, total), iznos (amount, matter). (various references) | |
Spanish | suma (addition, amount, summation, total), importe (amount, cost), cantidad (amount, chunk, deal, load, lot, quantity, raft, total, volume). (various references) | |
Swedish | summa (aggragate, aggregate, amount, figure, total), tal (articulation, conversation, discourse, figure, number, numbers, peroration, speaking, speech, speeches, talk), belopp (amount, figure). (various references) | |
Thai | สาระสำคัญ, การคำนวณทางคณิตศาสตร์, รวมยอดทั้งหมด, จำนวนเงิน, จำนวนรวม. (various references) | |
Turkish | sonuç (aftermath, close, conclusion, consequence, consequent, corollary, decision, deduction, denouement, effect, end, event, finding, fruit, harvest, inference, issue, joy, outcome, payoff, produce, product, result, resultant, sequel, show, success, upshot), yekun, tutar (aggregate, amount, quanta, quantum, total, volume), toplam (aggregate, amount, muster, summation, tot, total, whole), netice (conclusion, consequence, consequent, effect, result, sequel, upshot), miktar (amount, deal, measure, number, portion, proportion, quanta, quantitative, quantity, quantum, supply), meblağ, matematik problemi, hesap (account, arithmetic, bill, calculation, calculus, computation, count, counting, estimate, reckoning, score, settling, sums), esas (authentic, basal, base, basic, basis, beginnings, broad, central, constitutive, corner stone, element, elemental, essence, extract, footing, fortification, foundation, fundamental, guiding, heartbeat, intrinsic, main, master, nub, parent, pith, pith and marrow, pivotal, postulate, principal, principle, quiddity, radical, staple, substance, the merits, the nub, ultimate, underlying), doruk (acme, apex, apical, apogee, climax, crest, culmination, cusp, height, heyday, high tide, meridian, peak, pinnacle, summit, top, vertex, zenith), adet (bleeding, consuetude, convention, courses, custom, element, fashion, flow, fragment, groove, habit, item, menses, menstruation, mounthly courses, mounthly periods, number, numeral, particle, period, praxis, routine, the usual thing, total, tradition, usage, use, wont), özet (abridgement, abstract, brief, compendium, compress, condensation, conspectus, digest, epitome, extract, gist, outline, precis, resume, roundup, short, summary, summation, synopsis), öz (compact, compendious, content, core, cream, distillate, distillation, elixir, entity, epitome, essence, essential oil, extract, extraction, full, genuine, gist, goodness, guts, heartbeat, kernel, marrow, matter, meat, medulla, nucleus, own, pith, pith and marrow, pulp, quick, quiddity, quintessence, self, soul, stuff, substance, substantiality, substratum, whole). (various references) | |
Turkmen | jem (total). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | сума (number, quantum, total), арифметична задача, підсумовувати (abstract, cast, foot, inventory, slip up, summarize, totalize), дорівнювати (amount to, come to, equal, total), додавати (add, add to, add together, add up, affix, annex, append, augment, cumulate, eke, put, subjoin, throw in). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tổng số (total). (various references) | |
Welsh | symio, swm (amount, bulk). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | talanton. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | conputabit, conputabuntur, conputant, conputaremus, conputaris, conputas, conputasti, conputat, conputata, conputatae, conputati, conputatis, conputet, conputetur, consummatio, consummatione, consummationem, consummationi, consummationis, numeri, numero, numeros, numerum, numerus, quantitatem, summa, summam, summaque, summas, summis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 22, Verse 28 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Apekriqh te o ciliarcoV egw pollou kefalaiou thn politeian tauthn ekthsamhn o de pauloV efh egw de kai gegennhmai |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et respondit tribunus ego multa summa civitatem hanc consecutus sum et Paulus ait ego autem et natus sum |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And he seide, Yhe. And the tribune answeride, Y with myche summe gat this fredom. And Poul seide, And Y was borun a citeseyn of Rome. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And the captayne answered: with a greate some obtayned I this fredome. And Paul sayde: I was fre borne. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this freedom. And Paul said, But I was free born. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And the chief captain answered, With a great sum I obtained this freedom. And Paul said, But I was free born. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And the chief captain said, I got Roman rights for myself at a great price. And Paul said, But I had them by birth. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 22, Verse 28 |
| Albanian | Kryemijësi u përgjigj: ''Unë e kam fituar këtë qytetëri me një shumë të madhe''. Pali tha: ''Kurse unë e kam qysh prej lindjes!''. |
| Cebuano | Ug ang koronil mitubag, "Nabatonan ko ang samang pagkasiyudadano pinaagig dakung salapi." Ug si Pablo miingon, "Apan ako natawo nga siyudadanong Romanhon." |
| Chinese | 千 夫 長 說 、 我 用 許 多 銀 子 、 纔 入 了 羅 馬 的 民 藉 。 保 羅 說 、 我 生 來 就 是 。 |
| Croatian | Tisuænik dometnu: "Ja stekoh to graðanstvo za skupe novce." Pavao nato reèe: "Ja sam se pak s njim i rodio." |
| Danish | Og Krigsøversten svarede: "Jeg har købt mig denne Borgerret for en stor Sum," Men Paulus sagde: "Jeg er endog født dertil." |
| Dutch | En de overste antwoordde: Ik heb dit burgerrecht voor een grote som gelds verkregen. En Paulus zeide: Maar ik ben ook een burger geboren. |
| Finnish | Niin päällikkö sanoi: "Minä olen paljolla rahalla hankkinut itselleni tämän kansalaisoikeuden". Paavali sanoi: "Mutta minulla se on syntymästäni asti". |
| French | Le tribun reprit: C`est avec beaucoup d`argent que j`ai acquis ce droit de citoyen. Et moi, dit Paul, je l`ai par ma naissance. |
| German | Und der Oberhauptmann antwortete: Ich habe dies Bürgerrecht mit großer Summe zuwege gebracht. Paulus aber sprach: Ich bin aber auch römisch geboren. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Komandan itu berkata pula, "Saya menjadi warga negara Roma dengan membayar banyak sekali!" Paulus menjawab, "Tetapi saya lahir sebagai warga negara Roma." |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka jawab panglima laskar itu, "Aku ini sudah beroleh hak menjadi anak negeri itu dengan membelanjakan jumlah besar." Maka kata Paulus, "Tetapi hamba ini peranakan Rum." |
| Latvian | Tad priekðnieks atbildçja: Es ðo pilsonîbu ieguvu par augstu maksu. Un Pâvils sacîja: Bet es tâds jau esmu dzimis. |
| Maori | Na ka whakahoki te rangatira mano, Na te moni nui i whiwhi ai ahau ki tenei taonga, hei tangata whenua no Roma. Ka mea a Paora, Ko ahau i whanau tonu no Roma. |
| Norwegian | Den øverste høvedsmann sa: Jeg har kjøpt denne borgerrett for mange penger. Men Paulus svarte: Men jeg er endog født til den. |
| Portuguese | Tornou o comandante: Eu por grande soma de dinheiro adquiri este direito de cidadão. Paulo disse: Mas eu o sou de nascimento. |
| Rumanian | Cqpitanul a zis: ,,Eu cu o mare sumq de bani am dobkndit cetqyenia aceasta.`` ,,Wi eu``, a zis Pavel, ,,sknt chiar nqscut Roman.`` |
| Russian | фЩУСЮЕОБЮБМШОЙЛ ПФЧЕЮБМ: С ЪБ ВПМШЫЙЕ ДЕОШЗЙ РТЙПВТЕМ ЬФП ЗТБЦДБОУФЧП. рБЧЕМ ЦЕ УЛБЪБМ: Б С Й ТПДЙМУС Ч ОЕН. |
| Shuar | Tutai "Wikia ti Kuítian akikmakmiajai Rúmanam pachiinkiatniun" uunt Kapitián Tímiayi. Tutai Papru Tímiayi "Túrasha winia aparka Rúmanam pachitkia asamtai, wisha Rúmanam pachiinkian akiiniaitjai" Tímiayi. |
| Swahili | Mkuu wa jeshi akasema, "Mimi nami nimekuwa raia wa Roma kwa kulipa gharama kubwa." Paulo akasema, "Lakini mimi ni raia wa Roma kwa kuzaliwa." |
| Swedish | Översten sade då: Mig har det kostat en stor summa penningar att köpa den medborgarrätten." Men Paulus sade: "Jag däremot har den redan genom födelsen." |
| Uma | Na'uli' kapala': "Wori' -hana pobayari-ku bona mesua' -a warga negara Roma." Na'uli' Paulus: "Ane aku', ngkai kaputu-kumi-kuna warga negara Roma-a." |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "sum": sumac, sumach, sumachs, sumacs, sumless, summa, summabilities, summability, summable, summae, summand, summands, summaries, summarily, summarise, summarised, summarises, summarising, summarizable, summarization, summarizations, summarize, summarized, summarizer, summarizers, summarizes, summarizing, summary, summas, summate, summated, summates, summating, summation, summational, summations, summative, summed, summer, summered, summerhouse, summerhouses, summerier, summeriest, summering, summerlike, summerlong, summerly, summers, summersault, summersaulted. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "sum": abomasum, alyssum, crissum, dorsum, gypsum, odontoglossum, omasum, opossum, possum, responsum, sargassum, sensum. (additional references) | |
Words containing "sum": alyssums, anticonsumer, anticonsumers, assumabilities, assumability, assumable, assumably, assume, assumed, assumer, assumers, assumes, assuming, assumpsit, assumpsits, assumption, assumptions, assumptive, coassume, coassumed, coassumes, coassuming, consumable, consumables, consume, consumed, consumedly, consumer, consumerism, consumerisms, consumerist, consumeristic, consumerists, consumers, consumership, consumerships, consumes, consuming, consummate, consummated, consummately, consummates, consummating, consummation, consummations, consummative, consummator, consummators, consummatory, consumption, consumptions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Sum" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: asum, cumm, eum, Kum, osom, Osumi, oum, rsum, samf, Samh, Samm, samr, samt, sbm, scm, sdu, sejm, sem, semb, seum, sgm, sgu, shum, sim, simk, simm, smc, smd, smue, smx, snm, som, somy, soum, spum, ssm, Ssu, sua, suam, suem, suh, sui, suj, suk, suma, sumb, Sumbu, sume, sumi, summ, sumr, sumt, sumu, sumy, sunx, suq, suv, sux, suz, symm, usm, Usmc, usn, wum, zem, zum, zumo, zun. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "sum" (pronounced su"m) |
| 3 | s u" m | some. |
| 2 | -u" m | become, bum, mum, Mumm, numb, plum, Plumb, chum, come, crumb, cum, drum, dumb, from, glum, grum, gum, hum, Lum, rum, scum, slum, strum, Stum, succumb, swum, thumb, um, umm, yum. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: mus. | |
| Words within the letters "m-s-u" | |
-1 letter: mu, um, us. | |
| Words containing the letters "m-s-u" | |
+1 letter: amus, bums, emus, gums, hums, lums, muds, mugs, mums, muns, muse, mush, musk, muss, must, muts, rums, scum, slum, smug, smut, stum, sumo, sump, sums, swum, umps. | |
+2 letters: alums, amuse, arums, bumfs, bumps, chums, culms, doums, drums, dumas, dumbs, dumps, emeus, fumes, gaums, geums, humps, humus, jumps, kumys, lumps, magus, manus, mauds, mauls, mauts, menus, meous, minus, modus, momus, moues, mouse, mousy, mucks, mucus, muffs, muggs, mules, mulls, mumms, mumps, mumus, munis, muons, muras, mures, murks, murrs, musca, mused, muser, muses, mushy, music, musks, musky, mussy, musth, musts, musty, mutes, mutts, neums, numbs, plums, pumas, pumps, ramus, rumps, sagum, scrum, scums, sebum, sedum, serum, slump, slums, smuts, solum, spume, spumy, strum, stump, stums, sumac, summa, sumos, sumps, tumps, umbos, wamus. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Names: Frequency 16. Expressions | 17. Expressions: Internet 18. Translations: Modern 19. Translations: Ancient 20. Bible Trace | 21. Abbreviations 22. Acronyms 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
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