Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Persuasion |
PersuasionNoun1. The act of persuading (or attempting to persuade). 2. A personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; "my opinion differs from yours"; "what are your thoughts on Haiti?". 3. Inducement by argument or reasoning or entreaty. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "persuasion" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Persuasion \Per*sua"sion\, noun. [Latin expression persuasio; compare to French persuasion.]. (Websters 1913) |
Synonyms: PersuasionSynonyms: opinion (n), sentiment (n), suasion (n), thought (n), view (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: dissuasion (n). (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The word persuasion is usually used in distinction to coercion, which involves the use of violence or other kinds or force, or the threat of such force; however, the word persuasion has sometimes been used as a euphemism for coercion.
This article is about non-coercive methods of persuasion.
Some methods of persuasion:
By appeal to reason:
Persuasion is also the title of the last novel Jane Austen wrote, and generally considered the most romantic. See Persuasion (novel).
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Persuasion is the last novel Jane Austen wrote, and generally considered the most romantic. The title refers to the persuasion to which the heroine, Anne Elliot, has given in, to her later regret.Warning: wikipedia contains spoilers
Anne Elliot is now in her late twenties, and generally considered to be "on the shelf". In her earlier years, she had been persuaded to reject Captain Wentworth, the love of her life, because of his poverty and poor prospects -- Anne's father is a baronet. Some years later Wentworth returns into her life. Their fortunes are now reversed, as Wentworth has done well in the navy whilst Anne's family are in financial difficulties. Anne believes Wentworth is no longer interested in her, but gradually their love reasserts itself.
The most famous scene is the incident at Lyme Regis, where Louisa, whom Anne considers a rival for Wentworth's affection, is injured in a fall brought about by her own impetuous behaviour. This is intended to highlight the difference between Louisa and the sensible Anne.
A simple story, perhaps, but deeply moving and very funny. Jane Austen had difficulty in deciding on the ending, which was changed from the original version.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Persuasion."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Belief | Persuasion, conviction, convincement, plerophory, self-conviction; certainty; opinion, mind, view; conception, thinking; impression; (idea); surmise; conclusion; (judgment). |
Motive | Persuasibility, persuasibleness; attractability; impressibility, susceptibility; softness; persuasiveness, attractiveness; tantalization. influence, prompting, dictate, instance; impulse, impulsion; incitement, incitation; press, instigation; provocation; (excitation of feeling); inspiration; persuasion, suasion; encouragement, advocacy; exhortation; advice; solicitation; (request); lobbyism; pull. |
Teaching | Persuasion, proselytism, propagandism, propaganda; indoctrination, inculcation, inoculation; advise. |
Theology | Noun: theology (natural and revealed); theogony, theosophy; divinity; hagiology, hagiography; Caucasian mystery; monotheism; religion; religious persuasion, religious sect, religious denomination; creed; (belief); article of faith, declaration of faith, profession of faith, confession of faith. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Persuasion |
| English words defined with "persuasion": adamant, adamantine ♦ bell ringing ♦ canvassing, Chesterton, convincible ♦ deter, dissuade, dissuasion ♦ electioneering, entice, exhortation ♦ G. K. Chesterton, Gilbert Keith Chesterton ♦ impenitent, Impersuasible, incitement, inexorable, intransigent ♦ lure ♦ Mispersuasion ♦ overcomer ♦ persuadable, persuasible, Plerophory, prevail ♦ sloganeering, suasible, subduer, surmounter ♦ tempt, To bring over, To hold opinion with ♦ Undue influence, unpersuadable, unsuasible ♦ vulnerable ♦ Weak. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "persuasion": Absinthe ♦ Cold Steel ♦ Goggles, Guitar ♦ Lake ♦ Nurse ♦ Posthumus ♦ reasonable ♦ Salutations ♦ three-letter acronym. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Persuasion" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (conviction, inducement, persuasion, pushing). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Totally based on my powers of persuasion. You proud? (Clueless; writing credit: Amy Heckerling.) When Bill and Lisa combine their energies, their powers of persuasion go up fivefold. (NewsRadio; writing credit: Scott Bank; Jenny Banks) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Persuasion (1971) The Art of Gentle Persuasion (1970) Persuasion (1960) Friendly Persuasion (1956) Fanci's Persuasion (1995) | |
Song Titles | Crystal Blue Persuasion (performing artist: Tommy James and the Shondells) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Homer | The persuasion of a friend is a strong thing. |
| A companion's words of persuasion are effective. | |
Terence | Children should be led into the right paths, not by severity, but by persuasion. |
Themistocles | I have with me two gods, Persuasion and Compulsion. |
Thomas Carlyle | Not brute force but only persuasion and faith are the kings of this world. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Harriet could not long resist so delightful a persuasion. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Thaw with his gentle persuasion is more powerful than Thor with his hammer. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Discrimination | Macau | The Basic Law stipulates that residents shall be free from discrimination, irrespective of their nationality, descent, race, sex, language, religion, political persuasion, ideological belief, educational level, economic status, or social condition. (references) |
Tajikistan | The Constitution provides for the rights and freedoms of every person regardless of nationality, race, sex, language, religious beliefs, political persuasion, or social status and also explicitly states that men and women have the same rights; however, in practice there is some discrimination against women. (references) | |
Economic History | Mexico | Traditionally, the Government of Mexico has sought to maintain its interests abroad and project its influence largely through moral persuasion. (references) |
Human Rights | Guatemala | Because of violent confrontations in the past, the Government continued its policy of securing an eviction order from a court, informing the occupiers of the coming eviction, and sending in a lightly armed police contingent to end the occupation by using dialog and verbal persuasion. (references) |
Indonesia | It employs persuasion, publicity, and moral authority to highlight abuses, to recommend legal and regulatory changes, and to encourage corrective action. (references) | |
Political Economy | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | In addition to persuasion and encouragement, the UAE Government has begun to employ legislation as a tool for promoting job opportunities for UAE nationals. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | REASONABLE, adj. Accessible to the infection of our own opinions. Hospitable to persuasion, dissuasion and evasion. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The United States ought not to indulge a persuasion that, contrary to the order of human events, they will forever keep at a distance those painful appeals to arms with which the history of every other nation abounds. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | By persuasion and force they have been made to retire from river to river and from mountain to mountain, until some of the tribes have become extinct and others have left but remnants to preserve for a while their once terrible names. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | We are summoned to act in wisdom and in conscience, to work with industry, to teach with persuasion, to preach with conviction, to weigh our every deed with care and with compassion. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Persuasion" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.81% of the time. "Persuasion" is used about 519 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.81% | 518 | 11,731 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.19% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 519 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "persuasion". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Pithon | N/A | Biblical | Persuasion |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "persuasion": female persuasion ♦ gift of persuasion ♦ he is unamenable to persuasion ♦ of the male persuasion ♦ personal persuasion ♦ powers of persuasion ♦ writer of the modern persuasion. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "persuasion"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | përpjekje për të bindur, soj (family, kin, kind, relative, shape, sort, species, stock, type), lloj (assortment, brand, brood, cast, class, description, form, genre, kidney, kind, nature, race, rate, shape, sort, species, stamp, stock, style, type, variety), bindje (amenability, assurance, assuredness, cogency, conformity, conviction, docility, expostulation, obedience, politics, suasion, submission), besim i patundur. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | ميل (affection, aptness, bent, bevel, cant, disposition, flair, genius, gradient, gust, gusto, inclination, lean, leaning, liking, obliqueness, obliquity, penchant, ply, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, readiness, run, sentiment, set, slant, slope, strain, tendency, tip, turn, use, will), معتقد (belief, doctrine, faith, tenet), قناعة (assurance, certainty, content, contentedness, contentment, conviction, satisfaction, temperance), طائفة (brotherhood, church, communion, confession, congregation, denomination, fellowship, religion, sect, sodality), القدرة على الاقناع, إقناع (conviction, inducement, lobbying, pushing), إتجاه (bearing, course, direction, drift, movement, orientation, quarter, range, sense, temper, tendency, tenor, trend), رأي (consideration, deliverance, feeling, idea, judgement, judgment, mind, opinion, saw, say, sentiment, theory, think, verdict, view), دين (credit, cult, debit, debt, due, faith, judgement, leash, loan, religion, score). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | убеждение (belief, conviction, opinion, tenet), убеждаване (conviction, exhortation, reassurance, suasion), убедителност (force, forcefulness, persuasiveness, solidity), сорт (breed, class, degree, description, genus, grade, kind, nature, order, rate, sort, species, strain, style, tap, variety), секта (denomination, sect, society), вероизповедание (confession, creed, cult, denomination, dispensation, profession), вид (air, appearance, aspect, blush, breed, cast, clan, class, complexion, demeanor, demeanour, description, form, genre, genus, grade, guise, kidney, kind, likeness, look, manner, mien, mode, nature, order, presence, race, shape, show, similitude, sort, species, strain, stripe, style, taxon, type, variety, view), националност (nationality), мнение (advice, belief, comment, counsel, esteem, estimation, idea, image, mind, notion, opinion, pronouncement, sentence, sentiment, thinking, thought, thoughts, verdict, view, voice), пол (gender, sex), идеология (ideology). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 说服 (Convince, Convinced, Convincing, Persuade, Persuaded, Persuading), 勸說 (advise, persuade). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | přesvìdèení (conviction), přemlouvání (suasion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | overreding. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | persvado. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | متقاعدسازی , نوع (Brand, Breed, Class, Gender, Genus, Ilk, Issue, Kidney, Kind, Manner, Nature, Navigate, Order, Quality, Sort, Species, Speckle, Stamp, Suit, Type, Variety), نظریه یاعقیده ازروی اطمینان , قسم (Gender, Genus, Kind, Manner, Sort, Species, Speckle, Type), تحریک (Boil, Incitement, Instigation, Provacation, Stimulus), ترغیب (Prod), تشویق (Abet, Eulogy), عقیده دینی (Dogma), اطمینان (Assurance, Certainty, Certitude, Confidence, Cretain, Security, Surety, Trust), اجبار (Coercion, Cogency, Compulsion, Constraint, Duress). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | taivuttelu. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | persuasion, croyance. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | überzeugung (belief, certainty, conviction, convincing, positiviness, staunchness, sureness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κατάπειση, πειστικότητα (cogency, suasiveness), πείθω (convince, convince of, determine, persuade, suasion, sway, talk into). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | שכנוע (conviction, convincing, suasion, suggestion), שדול (cajolery, coaxing, solicitation), פתוי (enticement, enticing, flat, lure, seduction, temptation), אמונה (belief, confidence, devotion, faith, religion, tenet, trust), התפתות (docility), הסת (inducement, instigation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | rábeszélés (cajolery, suasion), vallás (disciple, islam, religion), meggyőzés (conviction), meggyőződés (confidence, conviction), hit (affiance, belief, conviction, creed, faith, religion, troth), faj (blood, genera, genus, kind, race, sort, species, tribe). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pembujukan (wooing), rayuan (seduction, see: bujukan, temptation), istikharah (persuasiveness), bujukan (blandishment, cajolery, inducement), bujuk (coasing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | persuasione (conviction), credo (credo, creed, I believe), convincimento (convincement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 説諭 (convincing), 勧誘 (canvassing, encouragement, inducement, invitation, solicitation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | せつゆ (convincing), せつげん (curtailment, declaration, economy, retrenchment, snow field, urging), せっぷく (disembowelment, harakiri, seppuku), せっとく, かんぜい (box and cover, customs, damage from cold weather, deep emotion, drought damage, drought disaster, duty, irrigation, outside a building, strong feelings, tariff, urging), かんゆう (canvassing, encouragement, government-owned, inducement, invitation, solicitation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | cleayney (attract, bank, circumvent, decoy, deviate, dispose, distort, distortion, diversion, divert, draw off, incline, induce, influence, inveigle, list, penchant, perversion, predilection, predispose, recede, seduce, stoop, tend, tend as garden, trend, vamp, veer). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ersuasionpay persuasão (conviction, inducement, instilment, instinct, suasion). (various references) persuasiune, sex (gender, sex), neam (ancestry, blood, breed, brood, descent, extraction, family, kind, kinsman, line, lineage, name, nation, origin, people, race, relation, relative, remove, sort, species, stem, stock, strain, tribe), naţionalitate (flag, nation, nationality), facturã (account, bill, bill of parcels, contexture, credit note, delivery note, invoice, stamp, structure, style), credinţã religioasã, credinţã (allegiance, belief, communion, confession, confidence, constancy, conviction, creed, denomination, faith, faithfulness, fidelity, hope, illusion, loyalty, religion, standpoint, trust), convingere (belief, certitude, conviction, inducement, opinion). (various references) убеждение (belief, conviction, opinion). (various references) vera (affiance, belief, credence, creed, faith, religion, trust), ubeđivanje (pitch, suasion), ubeđenje (assuredness, belief, conviction), nagovaranje (blandishment, cajolement, cajolery, coaxing, inveiglement, spiel, suasion). (various references) persuasión (persuasiveness, suasion). (various references) övertalning (prompting). (various references) tür (breed, class, genre, genus, ilk, kind, race, sort, sort of, species, strain, stripe, type, variety), kanı (belief, conclusion, deliverance, esteem, estimation, eye, fancy, idea, impression, judgement, notion, opinion, sense, sentiments, sight, surmise, thought, view), inandırma, inanç (affiance, belief, confidence, conscience, conviction, credence, credo, creed, cult, dogma, faith, faithfulness, opinion, opinions, positiveness, reliance, religion, tenet), ikna (convincing, dissuasion, enticement, inducement), din (dyne, faith, religion, religious), cins (blooded, breed, cast, class, diversity, gender, genus, kind, pedigree, pedigreed, pure blooded, pureblooded, purebred, quality, race, sex, species, stripe, type, variety, well bred). (various references) віросповідання (church, creed, cult, profession), переконаність, переконання (belief, conviction, credo, creed, dogma, faith, notion, opinion, overpersuasion, tenet), переконливість (cogency, persuasiveness, stringency). (various references) phái (community, coterie, side), sự tin chắc tín ngưỡng, sự thuyết phục sự tin, sự làm cho tin, giới (race). (various references) perswa+d. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | blanditium. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Galatians Chapter 5, Verse 8 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | H peismonh ouk ek tou kalountoV umaV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Persuasio non est ex eo qui vocat vos |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Consente ye to no man; for this counsel ys not of hym that hath clepid you. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Eve that counsell that is not of him that called you. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | This persuasion cometh not of him that calleth you. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | This persuasion cometh not from him that calleth you. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | This ready belief did not come from him who had made you his. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Galatians Chapter 5, Verse 8 |
| Cebuano | Kining maong pag-pangdani wala magagikan kaniya nga nagtawag kaninyo. |
| Chinese | 這 樣 的 勸 導 、 不 是 出 於 那 召 你 們 的 。 |
| Croatian | Ta pobuda nije od Onoga koji vas zove! |
| Danish | Den Overtalelse kom ikke fra ham, som kaldte eder. |
| Dutch | Dit gevoelen is niet uit Hem, Die u roept. |
| Finnish | Houkutus siihen ei ole hänestä, joka teitä kutsuu. |
| French | Cette influence ne vient pas de celui qui vous appelle. |
| German | Solch Überreden ist nicht von dem, der euch berufen hat. |
| Haitian Creole | Bagay yo te di pou yo te ka pran tèt nou, se pa bagay ki soti nan Bondye k'ap rele nou an. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Pasti yang melakukan itu bukanlah Allah yang sudah memanggil kalian! |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Adapun pujukan ini bukannya daripada Tuhan, yang telah memanggil kamu. |
| Italian | Questa persuasione non viene sicuramente da colui che vi chiama! |
| Latvian | Ðî pârliecinâðana nenâk no Tâ, kas jûs ir aicinâjis. |
| Maori | Ehara tenei whakaaro i te mea na te kaikaranga i a koutou. |
| Norwegian | Denne overtalelse kommer ikke fra ham som kalte eder. |
| Portuguese | Esta persuasão não vem daquele que vos chama. |
| Rumanian | Knduplecarea aceasta nu vine dela Cel ce v`a chemat. |
| Russian | фБЛПЕ ХВЕЦДЕОЙЕ ОЕ ПФ рТЙЪЩЧБАЭЕЗП ЧБУ. |
| Shuar | Nú enentai Yúsaiyanchuiti. Niijiai wekasatniunka Yus achirmakuitrume. |
| Swahili | Aliyesababisha hali hiyo si Mungu ambaye amewaiteni. |
| Swedish | Till sådant kom ingen maning från honom som har kallat eder. |
| Uma | Tudui' -ra tetu bela ngkai Alata'ala, to mpokio' -koi jadi' topetuku' -na. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "persuasion": persuasions. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "persuasion": overpersuasion. (additional references) | |
Words containing "persuasion": overpersuasions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Persuasion" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: persasion, persuasio, persuation, persuesion, persussion, persuwasion, perswasion, Pertusato, presedation, prussion, pursuasion. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "persuasion" (pronounced perswā"zhun) |
| 6 | -s w ā" zh u n | suasion. |
| 5 | -w ā" zh u n | equation. |
| 4 | -ā" zh u n | abrasion, evasion, invasion, occasion. |
| 3 | -zh u n | allusion, aspersion, aversion, circumcision, cohesion, collision, collusion, conclusion, confusion, contusion, conversion, corrosion, decision, delusion, derision, diffusion, disillusion, dispersion, diversion, division, envision, erosion, excision, exclusion, excursion, explosion, extrusion, fusion, illusion, immersion, implosion, incision, inclusion, incursion, indecision, infusion, intrusion, inversion, lesion, misprision, occlusion, perversion, precision, preclusion, profusion, provision, recision, rescission, reversion, revision, seclusion, subdivision, submersion, subversion, supervision, television, transfusion, version, vision. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-n-o-p-r-s-s-u" | |
-1 letter: arsenious, aspersion. | |
-2 letters: anserous, anuresis, arsenous, erasions, neurosis, personas, pruinose, resinous, responsa, ropiness, senarius, senopias, sensoria, upraises. | |
-3 letters: arenous, arouses, arsines, aspires, epinaos, erasion, inpours, insures, orpines, paniers, pansies, paresis, parises, parsons, passion, pausers, persona, persons, poisers, poseurs, poussie, praises, prisons, prossie, puisnes, purines, pussier, rapines, reasons, sanious, sapiens, sapours, sauries, seniors, senopia. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-n-o-p-r-s-s-u" | |
+1 letter: aponeurosis, persuasions. | |
+2 letters: reassumption, supernations, superstation. | |
+3 letters: angiospermous, housepainters, rapaciousness, reassumptions, superorganism, superstations. | |
+4 letters: capriciousness, ceruloplasmins, overpersuasion, picornaviruses, precariousness, pressurization, superadditions, superfetations, superorganisms, supersonically, unprofessional, uproariousness. | |
+5 letters: fissiparousness, importunateness, overpersuasions, pasteurizations, pressurizations, rapaciousnesses, repudiationists, subprofessional, sulfinpyrazones, superannuations, superelevations, supererogations, superovulations, supersaturation, ultraprecisions, unprofessionals, unsportsmanlike. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 65 72 73 75 61 73 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references).--. . .-. ... ..- .- ... .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
| Amazon.com BOOKS: Search for: "persuasion" |
