Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Perestroika |
PerestroikaNoun1. An economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labor efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Synonym: PerestroikaSynonym: Economic restructuring (Soviet Union). (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Perestroika was one of the policies introduced to the Soviet Union by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985. Perestroika was used to mean 'economic restructuring'. Gorbachev realised the Soviet Union economy was failing and felt the communist system did not need to be replaced, but certainly needed to be reformed, and this would be done by the process of perestroika. A key part of perestroika was to reduce the amount of money being spent on defense, and to do this Gorbachev felt the Soviet Union should:
See also glasnost.
Further Reading
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Perestroika."
Crosswords: Perestroika |
| Non-English Usage: "Perestroika" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. German (perestroika), Spanish (perestroika). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Perestroika (1997) Jazz & Perestroika Wodka (1995) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The Soviet government was a monopolist controlling all the telecom activities and operations through Telecommunications Departments in each region of the Russian Far East. With perestroika, these Departments were restructured into joint-stock companies, which evolved into private sector monopolists with government support. (references) | |
Economic History | Ukraine | In the years of perestroika, under U.S.S.R. President Mikhail Gorbachev, national goals were again advanced by Ukrainian officials. (references) |
Mongolia | The birth of perestroika in the former Soviet Union and the democracy movement in eastern Europe were mirrored in Mongolia. (references) | |
Estonia | The ECP remained stable in the early perestroika years and appeared strong at its 19th Congress in 1986. By 1988, however, the ECP's weakness had become clear when it was unable to assume more than a passive role and was relegated to a reactive position. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Perestroika" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.98% of the time. "Perestroika" is used about 196 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.98% | 194 | 22,014 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.02% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 196 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "perestroika": perestroika-resistant. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
perestroika | 129 |
glasnost perestroika | 13 |
la perestroika | 7 |
gorbachev perestroika | 4 |
perestroika puntos sus y | 3 |
glasnot perestroika y | 3 |
economia perestroika | 2 |
definition perestroika | 2 |
norteamericana perestroika | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "perestroika"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | perestroika. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | ペルセウス座 (licking, P.E.N., paint, pellet, pen, Perseus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ペレストロイカ . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | erestroikapay перестройка (improvements, realignment, rearrangement, rebuilding, reconstruction, redevelopment). (various references) perestroika. (various references) перестройка. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "perestroika": perestroikas. (additional references) | |
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"Perestroika" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: perestrojka, perestroyka, peristroika, pyrestroika. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "perestroika" (pronounced pe'rustroy"ku) |
| 5 | -t r oy" k u | troika. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-i-k-o-p-r-r-s-t" | |
-2 letters: parrokets, periostea, perorates, portieres, prestrike, priorates, streakier. | |
-3 letters: airports, arteries, keratose, operates, parietes, parroket, partiers, peakiest, perkiest, perorate, pierrots, poetiser, poetries, porkiest, portiere, praetors, priorate, prorates, protease, restrike, retakers, roperies, rotaries, sparkier, sportier, streaker, taperers. | |
-4 letters: aeriest, airport, airpost, aperies, artsier, aspirer, atopies, esparto, keister, kerrias, kerries, kiester, kraters, operate, opiates, parkers, parries. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-i-k-o-p-r-r-s-t" | |
+1 letter: perestroikas. | |
+3 letters: hyperkeratosis. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 65 72 65 73 74 72 6F 69 6B 61 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. . .-. . ... - .-. --- .. -.- .- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01100101 01110010 01100101 01110011 01110100 01110010 01101111 01101001 01101011 01100001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P e r e s t r o i k a |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 0065 0072 0065 0073 0074 0072 006F 0069 006B 0061 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5071847185868481757767 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions | 9. Expressions: Internet 10. Translations: Modern 11. Derivations 12. Rhymes | 13. Anagrams 14. Orthography 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
