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Definition: Open |
OpenAdjective1. Affording unobstructed entrance and exit; not shut or closed; "an open door"; "they left the door open". 2. Affording free passage or access; "open drains"; "the road is open to traffic"; "open ranks". 3. With no protection or shield; "the exposed northeast frontier"; "open to the weather"; "an open wound". 4. Open to or in view of all; "an open protest"; "an open letter to the editor". 5. Used of mouth or eyes; "keep your eyes open"; "his mouth slightly opened". 6. Not having been filled; "the job is still open". 7. Accessible to all; "open season"; "an open economy". 8. Not defended or capable of being defended; "an open city"; "open to attack". 9. (of textures) full of small openings or gaps; "an open texture"; "a loose weave". 10. : having no protecting cover or enclosure; "an open boat"; "an open fire"; "open sports cars". 11. : opened out; "an open newspaper". 12. : (mathematics) of a set; containing points whose neighborhood consists of other points of the same set, or being the complement of an open set; of an interval; containing neither of its end points. 13. : not brought to a conclusion; subject to further thought; "an open question"; "our position on this bill is still undecided"; "our lawsuit is still undetermined". 14. : not sealed or having been unsealed; "the letter was already open"; "the opened package lay on the table". 15. : without undue constriction as from e.g. tenseness or inhibition; "the clarity and resonance of an open tone"; "her natural and open response". 16. : relatively empty of and unobstructed by fences or hedges or headlands or shoals; "in open country"; "the open countryside"; "open waters"; "on the open seas". 17. : open and observable; not secret or hidden; "an overt lie"; "overt hostility"; "overt intelligence gathering". 18. : (music) used of string or hole or pipe of instruments. 19. : not requiring union membership; "an open shop employs nonunion workers". 20. : not secret; "open plans"; "an open ballot". 21. : without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious; "open disregard of the law"; "open family strife"; "open hostility"; "a blatant appeal to vanity"; "a blazing indiscretion". 22. : affording free passage or view; "a clear view"; "a clear path to victory". 23. : lax in enforcing laws; "an open town". 24. : openly straightforward and direct without reserve or secretiveness; "his candid eyes"; "an open and trusting nature". 25. : sincere and free of reserve in expression; "Please be open with me". 26. : receptive to new ideas; "an open mind"; "open to new ideas". 27. : ready for business; "the stores are open". Noun1. A clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water: "finally broke out of the forest into the open". 2. Where the air is unconfined; "he wanted to get outdoors a little"; "the concert was held in the open air"; "camping in the open". 3. A tournament in which both professionals and amateurs may play. 4. Information that has become public; "all the reports were out in the open"; "the facts had been brought to the surface". Verb1. Cause to open or to become open; "Mary opened the car door". 2. Start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; "open a business". 3. Become open; "The door opened". 4. Begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc.; "He opened the meeting with a long speech". 5. Spread out or open from a closed or folded state; "open the map"; "spread your arms". 6. Make available, as of an opportunity; "This opens up new possibilities". 7. Become available; "an opportunity opened up". 8. Have an opening or passage or outlet; "The bedrooms open into the hall". 9. Make the opening move, in chess; "Kasparov opened with a standard opening". 10. : afford access to; "the door opens to the patio"; "The French doors give onto a terrace". 11. : display the contents of a file or start an application. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "open" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: Open \O"pen\ verb. t. [imperfect & past participle. Opened; Opening.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Open n. Abbreviation for `open (or left) parenthesis' -- used when necessary to eliminate oral ambiguity. To read aloud the LISP form (DEFUN FOO (X) (PLUS X 1)) one might say: "Open defun foo, open eks close, open, plus eks one, close close.". Source: Jargon File. |
Electrical Engineering | Applied to a machine in which no mechanical protection as such is embodied and in which there is no restriction to ventilation other than that necessitated by good mechanical construction. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Said of a circuit when the normal control path is disconnected. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mechanical Engineering | Description applied when. . . the. . . roof is permanently open. The space may be covered by a tarpaulin, plastic sheet etc. . . p. 54. . Source: European Union. (references) |
Multilingual Slang | Swiss German (uufgschtellt). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, continuous revelation is the principle that God or his divine agents still continue to communicate to mankind. This communication can be manifest in innumerable ways: the innumerable influences of the Holy Ghost; vision; visitation of divine beings; and others. By such means God guides his followers to salvation and without such His followers will eventually form their beliefs or practices after a god of their own making. The founder of the Church, Joseph Smith explained the importance and necessity of continuous revelation:
- God said, "Thou shalt not kill;" at another time He said, "Thou shalt utterly destroy." This is the principle on which the government of heaven is conducted-by revelation adapted to the circumstances in which the children of the kingdom are placed. Whatever God commands is right, no matter what it is, although we may not see the reason thereof till long after the events transpire . . . As God has designed our happiness-and the happiness of all His creatures, he never has-He never will institute an ordinance or give a commandment to His people that is not calculated in its nature to promote that happiness which He has designed, and which will not end in the greatest amount of good and glory to those who become the recipients of his law and ordinances. (Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, pp.256-7.)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Continuous revelation."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In poker, the act of making the first non-zero bet in a betting round is called opening the round. On the first betting round, it is also called opening the pot. Some games may have special rules about opening a round that may not apply to other bets (for example, they may have a betting structure that specifies different allowable amounts for opening than for other bets, or they may require a player to hold certain cards to open).The term is also used to describe a category of poker game in which some cards held by individual players are visible to all other players, either by being dealt face up or by being exposed during play (but before showdown). Most forms of stud poker are open poker (blind stud games are an exception). Most forms of draw poker, in contrast, are closed games because no player's cards are seen until showdown (draw games with a rollout are an exception). Most community card games like Texas hold'em are considered closed as well, because the only cards exposed before showdown belong to everyone; the individual players' cards are never seen until showdown.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open (poker)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
An open circuit is when there is nothing connected to a load and no current can flow. This can be represented by a resistance/impedance that is equal to infinity.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open circuit."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Open class words belong to a list of morphemes which can be added to by absorbing new words, such as technical terms, slang, as well as adoptions and adaptations of foreign words.The list of groups of words that belong to the open class type include:
Interjections particularly, are formed as new words standing in for sounds, and are added not only from technical backgrounds, but also from sources such as comicss and subtitling. It is in these that one will encounter the noises of motor revving, sirens, mechanical sounds and violence, continuously being updated. Examples here are: vroom!, va-va-voom!, zonk!, grrh!, and so on.
- noun
- main verb, (however not auxiliary verbs)
- adjective
- adverb
- interjection
Closed-class words such as prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, etc., are words belonging to a class to which no new words can be added readily.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open class word."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
An open cluster is a group of stars that were born at the same time from a molecular cloud, and are still near to each other. They are also called galactic clusters since they exist within the galaxy's disk.
Open clusters are usually young (in astronomical terms), and so contains many hot and luminous stars. This makes open clusters visibile from large distances and one of the preferred objects by amateur astronomers. The "parent" molecular cloud is sometimes still associated with the cluster, which illuminates parts of the cloud that are then visibile as one or more nebulae. .
All the stars in an open cluster have more or less the same age and the same chemical composition, so any difference between them is solely due to their mass. Most open clusters are dominated by their O-type and B-type giant blue stars, which are very luminous but short-lived. Analysing the light from an open cluster one can estimate its age, looking at ratio between blue, yellow and red stars. The more blue stars there are, the younger the cluster is. The uniformity between the cluster's stars makes them a perfect test for stellar evolution models, because when comparing one star to the other, most of the variable parameters are now fixed. Testing the model is therefore easier.
The closest open cluster is in Ursa Major, or to be more correct, it is Ursa Major. Most of the stars in the famous asterism are members of an old and mostly dispersed open cluster. Sirius is a former member of this cluster and our sun is in the outskirts of what is called The Ursa Major Stream, a group of stars that are all ex-members of the Ursa Major Cluster spanning over a thousand light years in space. Our Sun is not a member, however, just passing through. Considering its location in the galaxy our Sun has a very strange velocity, we probably had a close encounter with another star a few billion years ago which gravitationally accelerated the Sun and the solar system.
Stars inside an open cluster are at first tighly packed, moving at the same speed around the center of the Galaxy. After half a billion years or so, a classic open cluster such as the Pleiades or the Hyades (both in Taurus) tends to be disturbed by external factors (such as molecular clouds passing by), setting its stars moving at slightly different speeds and so causing them to drift apart exactly like the one in Ursa Major has done. When this happens, the cluster becomes a stream of stars, not close enough to be a cluster but all related and moving in very similar directions at similar speeds.
After a billion or so years, the cluster is totally lost. Some stars will be on the far side of the galaxy, some on the near. The sun's original cluster is like this, there is no way to tell which are former members and which just happened to have formed at the same time but somewhere else.
The exact timeline of this evolution may vary according to the cluster start density: more tighly packed clusters will survive for longer times, but no known cluster has survived more than a few billion years.
External Link
- Open Star Clusters, SEDS Messier pages
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open cluster."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In topology, an open map is a function between two topological spaces which maps open sets to open sets.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open map."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In topology and related fields of mathematics, a set U is called open if, intuitively speaking, you can "wiggle" or "change" any point x in U by a small amount in any direction and still be inside U. In other words, x can't be on the edge of U.
As a typical example, consider the open interval (0,1) consisting of all real numbers x with 0 < x < 1. If you "wiggle" such an x a little bit (but not too much), then the wiggled version will still be a number between 0 and 1. Therefore, the interval (0,1) is open. However, the interval (0,1] consisting of all numbers x with 0 < x ≤ 1 is not open; if you take x = 1 and wiggle a tiny bit in the positive direction, you will be outside of (0,1].
Note that whether a given set U is open depends on the surrounding space, the "wiggle room". For instance, the set of rational numbers between 0 and 1 (exclusive) is open in the rational numbers, but it is not open in the real numbers. Note also that "open" is not the opposite of "closed". First, there are sets which are both open and closed (called clopen sets); in R and other connected spaces, only the empty set and the whole space are clopen, while the set of all rational numbers smaller than √2 is clopen in the rationals. Also, there are sets which are neither open nor closed, such as (0,1] in R.
Definitions
The concept of open sets can be formalized in various degrees of generality.
Euclidean space
A subset U of Euclidean n-space Rn is called open if, given any point x in U, there exists a real number ε > 0 such that, given any point y in Rn whose Euclidean distance from x is smaller than ε, y also belongs to U.
Intuitively, ε measures the size of the allowed "wiggles".
Metric spaces
A subset U of a metric space (M,d) is called open if, given any point x in U, there exists a real number ε > 0 such that, given any point y in M with d(x,y) < ε, y also belongs to U.
This generalizes the Euclidean space example, since Euclidean space with the Euclidean distance is a metric space.
Topological spaces
In topological spaces, the concept of openness is taken to be fundamental. One starts with an arbitrary set X and a family of subsets of X satisfying certain properties that every "reasonable" notion of openness is supposed to have. (Specifically: the union of open sets is open, the finite intersection of open sets is open, and in particular the empty set and X itself are open.) Such a family T of subsets is called a topology on X, and the members of the family are called the open sets of the topological space (X,T).
This generalises the metric space definition: If you start with a metric space and define open sets as before, then the family of all open sets will form a topology on the metric space. Every metric space is hence in a natural way a topological space. (There are however topological spaces which are not metric spaces.)
Uses
Every subset A of a topological space X contains a (possibly empty) open set; the largest such open set is called the interior of A. It can be constructed by taking the union of all the open sets contained in A.
Given topological spaces X and Y, a function f from X to Y is continuous if the preimage of every open set in Y is open in X. The map f is called open if the image of every open set in X is open in Y.
Manifolds
A manifold is called open if it is a manifold without boundary and if it is not compact. This notion differs somewhat from the openness discussed above.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open set."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Open-source computer software is software whose source code is either in the public domain or, more commonly, is copyrighted by one or more persons/entities but licensed to all according to an open-source license. Such a license grants permission to use and redistribute the software, as well as to modify its source code and distribute modified versions, with at most minor restrictions (such as a requirement to preserve the authors' names and copyright statement in the code).
These are rights for users of the software. An open-source license itself does not necessarily require that the software, or its source, initially has to be freely (in both senses of the word) available on the Internet. Most popular open-source software is, however.
The term open source in common usage may also refer to any software with publicly available source code, regardless of its license, but this usage provokes strong disapproval from the open source community. Examples of such "disclosed source" software include some versions of Solaris and PGP.
"Open source" and "Free software"
In the strict definition, the term "open source" is distinct from "free software," and it should only be applied to software that meets the terms of the Open Source Definition (see also the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) Free software definition). The decision to adopt the term "open source", suggested by Christine Peterson of the Foresight Institute, was based partly on the confusion caused by the dual meaning of the word "free"; the FSF intended the word to mean "free speech, not free beer," but nevertheless, free software came to be associated with zero cost, a problem which was exacerbated by the fact that a great deal of it is, in fact, free of charge. It was hoped that the usage of the newer term "open source" would eliminate such ambiguity, and would also be easier to "market" to business users (who might mistakenly associate "free software" with anti-commercialism). Since its introduction, however, the "open source" label has been criticized for fostering an ambiguity of a different kind: that of confusing it for mere availability of the source, rather than the freedom to use, modify, and redistribute it.
The Free Software Definition is slightly more restrictive than the Open Source Definition; as a consequence of this, free software is open source, but open source software may or may not be "free." In practice, nearly all open-source licenses also satisfy the FSF's free-software definition, and the difference is more a matter of philosophical emphasis. (One of the few counter-examples was an early version the Apple Public Source License, which was considered open source but not free because it did not allow private modified versions; this restriction was later removed.) For instance, software distributed under both the GPL and BSD licenses are considered both free and open source (the original BSD License had terms legally incompatible with the GPL, but this practical difficulty is a separate issue from its free-ness). Confusion about the distinctions between free and open source software is the source of some misunderstanding, particularly in the mass media where the two terms are often applied interchangeably.
The open source movement
The open-source movement is a large movement of programmers and other computer users to give easy access to computer software. It grew out of the Free software movement, and the line between the two is somewhat blurry. Mostly, the Free software movement is based upon political and philosophical ideals (sometimes referred as hacker culture), while open source proponents tend to focus on rather pragmatic matters. Both groups assert that this more open style of licensing allows for a superior software development process, and therefore that pursuing it is in line with rational self-interest. Free software advocates, however, would argue that "freedom" is a paramount merit that one should prefer (or at least weigh heavily) even in cases where proprietary software has some superior technical features.
Proponents of the open source development methodology claim that it is superior in a number of ways to the closed source method. Stability, reliability, and security are frequently cited as reasons to support open source. One successful application of the open source model is the Linux operating system, which is renowned for its stability and security characteristics. Among the works that explore and justify open source development is a series of works by Eric S. Raymond which includes The Cathedral and the Bazaar and Homesteading the Noosphere.
Open source advocates point out that as of the early 2000s, at least 90 percent of computer programmers are employed not to produce software for direct sale, but rather to design and customize software for other purposes, such as in-house applications. According to advocates, this statistic implies that the value of software lies primarily in its usefulness to the developer or developing organization, rather than in its potential sale value, and that consequently there is no compelling economical reason to keep source code secret from competitors.
Open Source advocates
- Bruce Perens, Eric Raymond, Linus Torvalds, Paul Vixie, Alan Cox, Tim O'Reilly
- Russell Pavlicek, author of the book Embracing Insanity
Projects and Organizations
- Debian, FreeBSD, Mozilla, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OpenOffice.org, Open Source Initiative, OSDN, Slackware
Companies Involved in Open Source Development
- Apple, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Red Hat, Sun Microsystems
Examples of Open Source Licenses
For a more extensive list, see Open source license.
- BSD license, GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License, MIT License, Apache Software License, Mozilla public licence
Examples of Open Source Software
For a more extensive list, see List of open-source software packages.
- Apache, Linux, BSD, Mozilla, GNU Emacs, TeX, VIM, XFree86, the GIMP, PHP, Zope, KDE, Gnome, OpenOffice.org
Related topics
See also: Halloween documents, Open Cola, SourceForge, GNU Savannah, Open Law project, Gift economy
- Richard Stallman is a central figure in the rival (but cooperative) free software movement, which has a significantly different philosophical basis; Stallman does not want his name associated with the term open source.
- open content for non-programming open source projects
External links
- EU-funded report on the use of open-source software
- Open Source HealthCare Alliance
- Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution - an online book containing essays from prominent members of the open source community
- Open Source Initiative OSI - a list of available licenses
- The Institutional Design of Open Source Programming: Implications for Addressing Complex Public Policy and Management Problems
- The Asian Open Source Center - has a lot of information on open source in Asia, much of it stored in a Wiki similar to Wikipedia
- W3C Open Source Software
- A Case Against Open Source, by Mathias Strasser, 2001, from Stanford Technology Law Review
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open source."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Open standards are publicly available specifications for enhancing compatibility between various hardware and software components. Open standards allow anybody with the technical know-how and the necessary equipment to implement solutions which work together with those of other vendors.
Examples of open standards
Hardware:
Software:
- ISA
- PCI
- AGP
In 2002 and 2003 there was some controversy about using Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory (RAND) licencing for the use of patented technology in web standards. Bruce Perens and others have argued that the use of patents restricts who can implement a standard to those able or willing to pay for the use of the patented technology. The requirement to pay some small amount per user, is often an insurmountable problem for free software or open source implementations which can be redistributed by anyone. Royalty free (RF) licensing is preferred by Open Source adepts. The GNU GPL license includes a section that enjoins any one who distributes a program released under the GPL from enforcing patents on subsequent users of the software or derivative works.
- HTML
- SQL
- IP
- TCP
Quotes
- EU Commissioner Erkki Liikanen: "Open standards are important to help create interoperable and affordable solutions for everybody. They also promote competition by setting up a technical playing field that is level to all market players. This means lower costs for enterprises and, ultimately, the consumer." (World Standards Day, 14 October, 2003)
External links
- Text of Liikanen's speech
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Open standard."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This is a glossary of some terms used in the branch of mathematics known as topology. Although there is no clear distinction between different areas of topology, this glossary focuses primarily on general topology and definitions that are fundamental to a broad range of areas. See the article on topological spaces for basic definitions and examples, and see the article on topology for a brief history and description of the subject area.The following articles may also be useful. These either contain specialised vocabulary within general topology or provide more detailed expositions of the definitions given below. The list of general topology topics will also be very helpful.
All spaces in this glossary are assumed to be topological spaces unless stated otherwise.
- Compact space
- Connected space
- Continuity (topology)
- Metric space
- Separated sets
- Separation axiom
- Uniform space
Isotonicity: Every set is contained in its closure.
- Accessible. See T1.
- Baire space. A space X is a Baire space if it is not meagre in itself. Equivalently, X is a Baire space if the intersection of countably many dense open sets is dense.
- Base. A set of open sets is a base (or basis) for a topology if every open set in the topology is a union of sets in the base. The topology generated by a base is the smallest topology containing the base elements; this topology consists of all unions of elements of the base.
- Basis. See Base.
- Borel algebra. The Borel algebra on a space X is the smallest σ-algebra containing all the open sets.
- Borel set. A Borel set is an element of a Borel algebra.
- Boundary. The boundary of a set is the set's closure minus its interior. Equivalently, the boundary of a set is the intersection of its closure with the closure of its complement.
- Cauchy sequence. A sequence {xi} in a metric space M with metric d is called a Cauchy sequence (or Cauchy for short) if for every positive real number r, there is an integer N such that for all integers m and n greater than N, the distance d(xm, xn) is less than r.
- Clopen. A set is clopen if it is both open and closed.
- Closed set. A set is closed if its complement is a member of the topology.
- Closed function. A function from one space to another is closed if the image of every closed set is closed.
- Closure. The closure of a set is the intersection of all closed sets which contain it. It is the smallest closed set containing the original set.
- Compact. A space is compact if every open cover has a finite subcover. Compact spaces are always Lindelöf and paracompact. Compact Hausdorff spaces are therefore normal.
- Complete. A metric space is complete if every Cauchy sequence converges.
- Completely metrizable/completely metrisable. See Topologically complete.
- Completely normal. A space is completely normal if any two separated sets have disjoint neighbourhoods.
- Completely normal Hausdorff. A completely normal Hausdorff space (or T5 space) is a completely normal T1 space. (A completely normal space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T1, so the terminology is consistent.) Completely normal Hausdorff spaces are always normal Hausdorff.
- Completely regular. A space is completely regular if whenever C is a closed set and p is a point not in C, then C and {p} are functionally separated.
- Completely regular Hausdorff. See Tychonoff.
- Completely T3. See Tychonoff.
- Component. See connected component.
- Connected. A space X is connected if it is not the union of a pair of disjoint nonempty open sets. Equivalently, a space is connected if the only clopen sets are the whole space and the empty set.
- Connected component. A connected component of a space is a maximal connected subspace. The connected components of a space form a partition of that space.
- Continuous. A function from one space to another is continuous if the preimage of every open set is open.
- Contractible. A space X is contractible if the identity map on X is homotopic to a constant map. Contractible spaces are always simply connected.
- Countably compact. A space is countably compact if every countable open cover has a finite subcover.
- Cover. A collection {Ui} of sets is a cover (or covering), if their union is the whole space. An open cover is a cover consisting of open sets.
- Covering. See Cover.
- Dense. A dense set is a set that meets every nonempty open set in the space. Equivalently, a set is dense if its closure is the whole space.
- Discrete topology. See Discrete space.
- Discrete space. A space X is discrete if every set is open. We say that X carries the discrete topology.
- Entourage. See Uniform space.
- Fσ set. An Fσ set is a countable union of closed sets.
- First category. See Meagre.
- First-countable. A space is first-countable if every point has a countable local base.
- Functionally separated. Two sets A and B in a space X are functionally separated if there is a continuous function from X into the interval [0,1] with the property that A is mapped to 0 and B is mapped to 1.
- Gδ set. A Gδ set is a countable intersection of open sets.
- Hausdorff. A space is Hausdorff (or T2) if every two distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods. Hausdorff spaces are always T1.
- Hereditary. A property of spaces is said to be hereditary if whenever a space has that property, then so does every subspace of it. For example, second-countability is a hereditary property.
- Homeomorphism. A homeomorphism from a space X to a space Y is a bijective map f : X → Y such that f and f -1 are continuous. The spaces X and Y are then said to be homeomorphic. From the standpoint of topology, homeomorphic spaces are identical.
- Homogeneous. A space X is homogeneous if for every x and y in X there is a homeomorphism f : X -> X such that f(x) = y. Intuitively speaking, this means that the space looks the same at every point. All topological groups are homogeneous.
- Homotopic maps. Two continuous maps f, g : X -> Y are homotopic if there is a continuous map H: X× [0,1] → Y, such that H(x,0) = f(x) and H(x,1) = g(x) for all x in X. Here, the space X × [0,1] is given the usual product topology. The function H is called a homotopy between f and g.
- Indiscrete space. See Trivial topology.
- Indiscrete topology. See Trivial topology.
- Interior. The interior of a set is the union of all open sets contained in it. It is the largest open set contained in the original set.
- Isolated point. A point x is an isolated point if the singleton {x} is open.
- Kolmogorov. See T0.
- Kuratowski closure axioms. The Kuratowski closure axioms are a set of axioms satisied by the closure operator:
Idempotence: The closure of the closure of a set is equal to the closure of that set. Preservation of binary unions: The closure of the union of two sets is the union of their closures. Preservation of nullary unions: The closure of the empty set is empty.
d(x, y) ≥ 0
- Limit point. A point x in X is a limit point of a subset S if every open set containing x also contains a point of S other than x itself. This is equivalent to requiring that every neighbourhood of x contains a point of S other than x itself.
- Lindelöf. A space is Lindelöf if every open cover has a countable subcover.
- Local base. A set B of neighbourhoods of a point x of a topological space X is a local base (or local basis, neighbourhood base, neighbourhood basis) at x if every neighbourhood of x contains some member of B.
- Local basis. See Local base.
- Locally compact. A space is locally compact if every point has a local base consisting of compact neighbourhoods. Locally compact Hausdorff spaces are always Tychonoff.
- Locally connected. A space is locally connected if every point has a local base consisting of connected sets.
- Locally finite. A collection of subsets of a space is locally finite if every point has a neighbourhood which meets only finitely many of the subsets.
- Locally metrizable/Locally metrisable. A space is locally metrizable if every point has a metrizable neighbourhood.
- Locally path-connected. A space is locally path-connected if every point has a local base consisting of path-connected sets. A locally path-connected space is connected if and only if it is path-connected.
- Meagre. If X is a space and A is a subset of X, then A is meagre in X (or of first category in X) if it is the countable union of nowhere dense sets. If A is not meagre in X, A is sometimes said to be of second category in X.
- Metric. See Metric space.
- Metric space. A metric space is a set M equipped with a function d : M × M → R satisfying the following conditions for all x, y, and z in M:
d(x, x) = 0 if d(x, y) = 0 then x = y (identity of indiscernibles) d(x, y) = d(y, x) (symmetry) d(x, z) ≤ d(x, y) + d(y, z) (triangle inequality) The function d is called a metric on M.
The empty set and X are in T.
- Metrizable/Metrisable. A space is metrizable if it is homeomorphic to a metric space. Metrizable spaces are always Hausdorff and paracompact (and hence normal and Tychonoff), and first-countable.
- Neighbourhood/Neighborhood. A neighbourhood of a set S is a set containing an open set which in turn contains the set S. (Note that the neighbourhood itself need not be open.) A neighbourhood of a point p is a neighbourhood of the singleton set {p}.
- Neighbourhood base. See Local base.
- Neighbourhood basis. See Local base.
- Net. A net in a space X is a map from a directed set A to X. A net from A to X is usually denoted (xα), where α is in an index variable ranging over A. Every sequence is a net, taking A to be the directed set of natural numbers with the usual ordering.
- Normal. A space is normal if any two disjoint closed sets have disjoint neighbourhoods. Normal spaces admit partitions of unity.
- Normal Hausdorff. A normal Hausdorff space (or T4 space) is a normal T1 space. (A normal space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T1, so the terminology is consistent.) Normal Hausdorff spaces are always Tychonoff.
- Nowhere dense. A nowhere dense set is a set whose closure has empty interior.
- Open cover. See Cover.
- Open set. A set is open if it is a member of the topology.
- Open function. A function from one space to another is open if the image of every open set is open.
- Paracompact. A space is paracompact if every open cover has an open locally finite refinement. Paracompact Hausdorff spaces are normal.
- Partition of unity. A partition of unity of a space X is a set of continuous functions from X to [0,1] such that any point has a neighbourhood where all but a finite number of the functions are identically zero, and the sum of all the functions on the entire space is identically 1.
- Path-connected. A space X is path-connected if for every two points x, y in X, there is a path p from x to y, i.e., a continuous map p: [0,1] → X with p(0) = x and p(1) = y. Path-connected spaces are always connected.
- Point. This term is often used to refer to elements of the topological space.
- Polish. A space is called Polish if it is metrizable with a separable and complete metric.
- Product topology. If {Xi} is a collection of spaces and X is the (set-theoretic) product of {Xi}, then the product topology on X is the weakest topology for which all the projection maps are continuous.
- Punctured neighbourhood/Punctured neighborhood. A punctured neighbourhood of a point p is a neighbourhood of p, minus {p}. For instance, the interval (-1,1) = {x : -1 < x < 1} is a neighbourhood of 0 in the real line, so the set (-1,0) ∪ (0,1) = (-1,1) - {0} is a punctured neighbourhood of 0.
- Quotient space. If X and Y are spaces and f : X → Y is any function, then the quotient space on Y induced by f is the weakest topology for which f is continuous. The most common example of this is to consider an equivalence relation on X, with Y the set of equivalence classes and f the natural projection map.
- Refinement. A cover K is a refinement of a cover L if every member of K is a subset of some member of L.
- Regular. A space is regular if whenever C is a closed set and p is a point not in C, then C and p have disjoint neighbourhoods.
- Regular Hausdorff. A space is regular Hausdorff (or T3) if it is a regular T0 space. (A regular space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T0, so the terminology is consistent.)
- Residual. If X is a space and A is a subset of X, then A is residual in X if the complement of A is meagre in X.
- Second category. See Meagre.
- Second-countable. A space is second-countable if it has a countable base for its topology. Second-countable spaces are always separable, first-countable and Lindelöf.
- Separable. A space is separable if it has a countable dense subset.
- Separated. Two sets A and B are separated if each is disjoint from the other's closure.
- Sierpinski space. Let S = {0,1}. Then T = is a topology on S, and the resulting space is called Sierpinski space. The Sierpinski space is the simplest example of a space that does not satisfy the T1 axiom.
- Simply connected. A space X is simply connected if it is path-connected and every continuous map f: S1 → X is homotopic to a constant map.
- Subbase. A set of open sets is a subbase (or subbasis) for a topology if every open set in the topology is a union of finite intersections of sets in the subbase. The topology generated by a subbase is the smallest topology containing the subbase elements; this topology consists of all finite intersections of unions of elements of the subbase.
- Subbasis. See Subbase.
- Subcover. A cover K is a subcover (or subcovering) of a cover L if every member of K is a member of L.
- Subcovering. See Subcover.
- Subspace. If X is a space and A is a subset of X, then the subspace topology on A induced by X consists of all intersections of open sets in X with A.
- T0. A space is T0 (or Kolmogorov) if for every pair of distinct points x and y in the space, either there is an open set containing x but not y, or there is an open set containing y but not x.
- T1. A space is T1 (or accessible) if for every pair of distinct points x and y in the space, there is an open set containing x but not y. (Compare with T0; here, we are allowed to specify which point will be contained in the open set.) Equivalently, a space is T1 if all its singletons are closed. T1 spaces are always T0.
- T2. See Hausdorff.
- T3. See Regular Hausdorff.
- T3½. See Tychonoff.
- T4. See Normal Hausdorff.
- T5. See Completely normal Hausdorff.
- Topological space. A topological space is a set X equipped with a collection T of subsets of X satisfying the following conditions:
The union of any collection of sets in T is also in T. The intersection of any pair of sets in T is also in T. The collection T is called a topology on X.
if U is in Φ, then U contains { (x, x) : x in X }.
- Topologically complete. A space is topologically complete if it is homeomorphic to a complete metric space.
- Topology. See Topological space.
- Totally disconnected. A space is totally disconnected if it has no connected subset with more than one point.
- Trivial topology. The trivial topology on a set X consists of precisely the empty set and the entire space X.
- Tychonoff. A Tychonoff space (or completely regular Hausdorff space, completely T3 space, T3½ space) is a completely regular T0 space. (A completely regular space is Hausdorff if and only if it is T0, so the terminology is consistent.) Tychonoff spaces are always regular Hausdorff.
- Uniform space. A uniform space is a set U equipped with a nonempty system Φ of subsets of the Cartesian product X × ''X'\' satisfying the following:
if U is in Φ, then { (y, x) : (x, y) in U } is also in Φ if U is in Φ and V is a subset of X × X which contains U, then V is in Φ if U and V are in Φ, then U ∩ V is in Φ if U is in Φ, then there exists V in Φ such that, whenever (x, y) and (y, z) are in V, then (x, z) is in U. The elements of Φ are called entourages, and Φ itself is called a uniform structure on U.
- Uniform structure. See Uniform space.
- Weak topology. The weak topology on a set, with respect to a collection of functions from that set into topological spaces, is the weakest topology on the set which makes all the functions continuous.
- Weakly hereditary. A property of spaces is said to be weakly hereditary if whenever a space has that property, then so does every closed subspace of it. For example, compactness and the Lindelöf property are both weakly hereditary properties, although neither is hereditary.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Topology glossary."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
OPEN | Dutch | Commissie openbare vrijheden en binnenlandse zaken | European Union |
OPEN | English | Optical Pan-European Network | Computing |
| OPA | English | Open Publishing Architecture | Computer - Computer - (OOP) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: OpenSynonyms: assailable (adj), blatant (adj), blazing (adj), candid (adj), clear (adj), conspicuous (adj), exposed (adj), lawless (adj), loose (adj), open(a) (adj), opened (adj), overt (adj), undecided (adj), undefendable (adj), undefended (adj), undetermined (adj), unfastened (adj), unresolved (adj), unstopped (adj), wide-open (adj), open air (n), outdoors (n), out-of-doors (n), surface (n), afford (v), give (v), open up (v), spread (v), spread out (v), unfold (v). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: closed (adj), covert (adj), shut (adj), stopped (adj), close (v), fold (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Artlessness | Adjective: artless, natural, pure, native, confiding, simple, lain, inartificial, untutored, unsophisticated, ingenu, unaffected, naive; sincere, frank; open, open as day; candid, ingenuous, guileless; unsuspicious, honest; innocent; Arcadian; undesigning, straightforward, unreserved, aboveboard; simple-minded, single-minded; frank-hearted, open-hearted, single-hearted, simple-hearted. |
Beginning | Verb: begin, start, commence; conceive, open, dawn, set in, take its rise, enter upon, enter; set out; (depart); embark in; incept. |
Disclosure | Verb: disclose, discover, dismask; draw the veil, draw aside the veil, lift the veil, raise the veil, lift up the veil, remove the veil, tear aside the veil, tear the curtain; unmask, unveil, unfold, uncover, unseal, unkennel; take off the seal, break the seal; lay open, lay bare; expose; open, open up; bare, bring to light. |
Expansion | Verb: become larger; (large; ); expand, widen, enlarge, extend, grow, increase, incrassate, swell, gather; fill out; deploy, take open order, dilate, stretch, distend, spread; mantle, wax; grow up, spring up; bud, bourgeon, shoot, sprout, germinate, put forth, vegetate, pullulate, open, burst forth; gain flesh, gather flesh; outgrow; spread like wildfire, overrun. |
Manifestation | Explicit, overt, patent, express; ostensible; open, open as day; naked, bare, literal, downright, undisguised, exoteric. |
Publication | Adjective: published;Verb: current; (news); in circulation, public; notorious; flagrant, arrant; open; trumpet-tongued; encyclical, encyclic, promulgatory; exoteric. |
Veracity | Adjective: truthful, true; veracious, veridical; scrupulous; (honorable); sincere, candid, frank, open, straightforward, unreserved; open hearted, true hearted, simple-hearted; honest, trustworthy; undissembling; (dissemble; ); guileless, pure; truth-loving; unperjured; true blue, as good as one's word; unaffected, unfeigned, bona fide; outspoken, ingenuous; (artless); undisguised; (real). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You keep your eyes open, your chances of catching the ball increase by a factor of ten. (A Few Good Men; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin. Based on the play by Aaron Sorkin.) open. You know what I mean (On the Town; writing credit: Adolph Green and Betty Comden) ? The list is in the open! (Mission: Impossible; writing credit: Bruce Geller; David Koepp) I worked at a smorgasbord, and the old people would flock there, and they loved to eat, and they'd just jam their mouths, you know? And they'd just eat with their mouths open, and to be honest, it was too much for me. You get to be thinking about how short life is, and how maybe everything has no meaning, because you wake up, and you're frying burgers, and you're like 60, 70, and then you check out, you know (Say Anything; writing credit: Cameron Crowe.) I'm scared to open them (The Blair Witch Project; writing credit: Daniel Myrick; Eduardo Sánchez) | |
Lyrics | She needs wide open spaces ("Wide Open Spaces"; performing artist: Dixie Chicks) JUST OPEN THE FENCE (Come Back In One Piece; performing artist: Aaliyah) With the heartbreak open (Goody Two Shoes; performing artist: Adam Ant) I really need a girl like an open book (Love In An Elevator; performing artist: Aerosmith) To the open arms of the sea ("Unchained Melody"; performing artist: Al Hibbler) | |
Clever | Tragedy is if I cut my finger, comedy is if I walk into an open sewer and die. (references; author: Mel Brooks) It's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. (references; author: unknown) An open mind does not always require an open mouth. (references; author: unknown) Minds, like parachutes, only function when they are open. (references; author: unknown) The mind is like a parachute, it's no good unless it's open! (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Open (2003) Wide Open Marriage (1974) Women on Orgasm: Out in the Open (1974) Open Door (1973) | |
Song Titles | Open Arms (performing artist: Journey) Open Your Heart (performing artist: Madonna) Let My Love Open The Door (performing artist: Pete Townshend) I'll Open My Mouth To The Lord/ I'll Be Ready (performing artist: Sounds of Blackness) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Long-term cultured AIDS-KS (Kaposi's Sarcoma) cells were injected into a nude mouse. Within 5 days a subcutaneous lesion formed in the induced region with a marked angiogenic response. A cross-section of these new blood vessel formations appear as open spaces, where one can see dividing epithelial cells and some red blood cells. The cells were stained with a Wright-Gimsa stain and are seen at a magnification of 100x. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | A typed manuscript lies open on a purple tablecloth. Various types of grain, either loose or in a bowl and a ladle, are on top. There is also a basket with a round loaf of brown bread cut in half. See also AV-3906. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Histopathology of histoplasmosis in open lung biopsy. FA stain reveals numerous yeast cells of Histoplasma capsulatum. Credit: CDC. |  | Left ventricle has been cut open to display characteristic severe thickening of mitral valve, thickened chordae tendineae, and hypertrophied left ventricular myocardium. Autopsy. Credit: CDC. |
 | White Floats out the Open Hatch. Credit: NASA. |  | Armstrong and Scott with Hatches Open. Credit: NASA. |
 | Gabby - the talking current buoy Gabby getting a new face for a Norfolk, Virginia, open house MARMER hosted open house for general public Article appeared in Norfolk Ledger-Star on November 13, 1963. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Boats from HMS EREBUS and HMS TERROR - Captain James Clark Ross Sounded in open ocean at 27.43 S and 17.48 W Recorded depth of approximately 2200 fathoms First modern successful sounding in deep ocean. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Natural marsh area adjacent to dredged material deposition area - Open area will be colonized by plants and become productive habitat. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Open pond within mixed vegetation marsh. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "America open for business 4" by Vincent Seychal Commentary: "This is a road trip from San Francisco to Albuquerque via NYC between 2001 and 2002." | "Open Hand" by Elisabeth Howe Commentary: "My hand!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | The open to Bach's "The Well-Tempered Clavier No. 1". | | Open chordal texture with high strings resolving the harmony. |
| Pulling open a file cabinet drawer. | | Gun going off in the distance in an open field. |
| Soda can cracking open. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Author Unknown | The mind like a parachute functions only when open. |
| The door of opportunity is wide open if you are prepared. | |
Demosthenes | Minds are like parachutes, they only function when they're open. |
Emily Dickinson | Not knowing when the dawn will come, I open every door. |
John Gay | An open foe may prove a curse, but a pretended friend is worse. |
Napoleon Bonaparte | Let the path be open to talent. |
Thomas Fuller | All doors open to courtesy. |
| Good clothes open all doors. | |
| He that bringeth a present findeth the door open. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | If it be objected, This would cause endless trouble; I answer, no more than justice does, where she lies open to all that appeal to her. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-2019 | The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; -- the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; -- The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | And if they can open it at all, what part of it are they forbidden to read or to oey? (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | In depicting the most general phases of the development of the proletariat, we traced the more or less veiled civil war, raging within existing society, up to the point where that war breaks out into open revolution, and where the violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie lays the foundation for the sway of the proletariat. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | All positions under or in connection with the League, including he Secretariat, shall be open equally to men and women. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | That I feel is an open cause of policy of very great importance . ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1928) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | A fine open sea, he says, and very pure air. |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | The Lord Chancellor recovered himself with a great effort, and pointed to the open window |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | Scrooge sat with his door wide open, that he might see him come into the Tank |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | Arthur had adopted his normal crisis role, which was to stand with his mouth hanging open and let it all wash over him. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | In the open air their rapture broke into speech |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The Thenardiess threw the street door wide open. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | His arms are open to receive you even though you have sinned against Him. |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Well are you welcome to the open air. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The front door hung open inward, and a low strong gate across the front door hung outward on leather hinges |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | At last, we know not what it is to live in the open air, and our lives are domestic in more senses than we think |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Bronchodilators help open narrowed airways. (references) | |
Sphincter muscles must open and shut the urethra. (references) | ||
Do not eat those shellfish that do not open during cooking. (references) | ||
Business | Peru has a generally open market. (references) | |
Oil market is fully open to competition. (references) | ||
Its sessions are usually open to the public. (references) | ||
Children | Japan | The law has reduced the open availability of child pornography. (references) |
Indonesia | Open houses for street children have been established in several provinces. (references) | |
Afghanistan | However, schools run by NGO's and international donors mostly were open to both boys and girls. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Canada | All public schools in Quebec are open to all and are not faith-based. (references) |
Somalia | The refugees were living in an open yard at the Hamar school at year's end. (references) | |
Uganda | Students and faculty have sponsored wide-ranging political debates in open forums. (references) | |
Economic History | Vietnam | This is slated to open in 2003. (references) |
Costa Rica | Open unemployment stands at 6 percent. (references) | |
Finland | Twenty-three seaports are open year round. (references) | |
Human Rights | United Kingdom | The inquest remained open at year's end. (references) |
Moldova | Trials generally are open to the public. (references) | |
Philippines | Their cases remained open at year's end. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Colombia | In an open letter, the AUC stated that it did not have Bedoya in its custody. (references) |
Minorities | Turkmenistan | They complain that some avenues for promotion and job advancement are no longer open to them. (references) |
Kenya | For years Muslims and Christians have held an open debate over their respective places in society. (references) | |
Political Economy | Ireland | Ireland has an open and transparent business climate. (references) |
JORDAN | The banking system remains open to foreign investment. (references) | |
SWEDEN | Sweden is now open to virtually all foreign investment. (references) | |
Political Rights | Zimbabwe | Electoral officers did not operate in a fully open and transparent manner. (references) |
Dominican Republic | Congress provides an open forum for the free exchange of views and debate. (references) | |
Mexico | While elections are open and generally fair, some abuses continued to occur. (references) | |
Trade | Lebanon | OPIC is open for business in Lebanon. (references) |
Nigeria | Nigeria operates a fairly open banking system. (references) | |
Poland | This helps to open the market for western goods. (references) | |
Travel | West Bank | Note: U.S. Embassy remains open. (references) |
Ghana | Open 7 days, with live music on the weekend. (references) | |
Singapore | Shops are normally open from 10:00 am - 9:00 p.m. (references) | |
Women | Macedonia | A hot line remained open, but had limited hours. (references) |
Albania | An increasing number of women continued to open shops and small businesses. (references) | |
Gambia | Employment in the formal sector is open to women at the same salary rates as men. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Morocco | An investigation into the incident remained open at year's end. (references) |
Marshall Islands | The office periodically convenes board meetings that are open to the public. (references) | |
Thailand | Restrictions on vocations and geographic areas open to foreign laborers also were lifted. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EAVESDROP, v.i. Secretly to overhear a catalogue of the crimes and vices of another or yourself. A lady with one of her ears applied To an open keyhole heard, inside, Two female gossips in converse free -- The subject engaging them was she. "I think," said one, "and my husband thinks That she's a prying, inquisitive minx!" As soon as no more of it she could hear The lady, indignant, removed her ear. "I will not stay," she said, with a pout, "To hear my character lied about!" Gopete Sherany |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Angelina Jolie | Well, I think that because they were artists and they are artists, the best thing that happened is they were very expressive and they were very encouraging of me to be a free spirit and to be open. |
Dennis Miller | Next step, fat America will start blaming restaurants for being open. |
James Lipton | What I didn't know that by sticking to craft we would blow open some doors that I never saw opened before. |
Nancy Grace | Yeah, the floodgates are open. Now nobody will care about the pain and the torture this causes the Smart family. |
Paul Harvey | Probably, he's some of an exhibitionist. But, also, when we pray for guidance, and doors continue to open instead of close, a person comes to think of his job as an obligation. To enlighten and inform. |
Robert Novak | Mr. Majority Leader, a very prominent, conservative Republican, Congressman Ernest Istook of Oklahoma, has joined Democrats in demanding that Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge testify in open session before Congress. |
Rosie O'Donnell | We didn't know what to get you, so we just got you a cookie jar. You know, just a cookie jar. But you should open it and see if there's any cookies in there for you. |
Rush Limbaugh | Open up your tax returns. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | With the Indian tribes established within our newly acquired limits, I have deemed it necessary to open conferences for the purpose of establishing a good understanding and neighborly relations between us. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their inspection. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | But I believe that, for the first time, the door is open for the nuclear defense of the alliance to become a source of confidence, instead of a cause of contention. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | We have agreed to open direct air flights with the Soviet Union. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Let all nations know that during this administration our lines of communication will be open. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Then and only then can we have a government that is efficient, open, and truly worthy of our people's understanding and respect. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | You and I have had some honest and open differences in the year past. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | A year ago in Poland, Lech Walesa declared he was ready to open a dialogue with the Communist rulers of that country. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Seven thousand acres of farmland and open space are lost every day. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Free societies do not intimidate through cruelty and conquest, and open societies do not threaten the world with mass murder. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Open" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 59.34% of the time. "Open" is used about 26,918 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 59.34% | 15,974 | 583 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 21.3% | 5,734 | 1,710 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 14.9% | 4,012 | 2,453 |
| Adverb (general) | 4.3% | 1,159 | 6,637 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.13% | 34 | 59,261 |
| Total | 100.00% | 26,918 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "open". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Beeliada | N/A | Biblical | An open idol |
| Chios | N/A | Biblical | Open |
| Enam | N/A | Biblical | Open place |
| Nephthoah | N/A | Biblical | Open |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | Open Telecommunications Ltd | Canada | Open Text Corporation |
| Finland | Digital Open Network Environment OYJ DON | France | Groupe Open SA |
| Russian Federation | Yuganskneftegas OAO, an open joint stock company formed in 1993 | USA | Open Market, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "open": always open ♦ ammunition and toxic material open space ♦ an open secret ♦ an open sore ♦ apple Open Collaboration Environment ♦ at open war with ♦ be an open book ♦ be open ♦ be open to many objections ♦ become open ♦ bite open ♦ blow open ♦ break a letter open ♦ break open ♦ breaking open ♦ bring in the open ♦ bring into the open ♦ burst open ♦ can i open the window? ♦ clearance between open contacts ♦ click open ♦ come into the open ♦ come open ♦ come out into the open ♦ corporation for Open Systems ♦ crack one's head open ♦ crack open ♦ crack open a bottle ♦ crack smth. open ♦ cut open ♦ Definition and design of an open defendable distributed computer system architecture ♦ drag into the open day ♦ drop open ♦ European Procurement Handbook for Open Systems ♦ European Workshop for Open Systems ♦ fall open ♦ first reefed open ♦ fling open ♦ fling the window open ♦ fluvial flow in open channels ♦ fly open ♦ force open ♦ get open ♦ Government Open Systems Interconnect Profile ♦ have an open hand ♦ have an open mind ♦ have open ♦ have open bowels ♦ have the eyes open ♦ hold one's mouth open ♦ hold open ♦ i open ♦ In open ♦ in open court ♦ in open order ♦ in open water ♦ In th open ♦ in the open ♦ in the open air ♦ in the open ground ♦ internet Open Trading Protocol ♦ Java Open Language Toolkit ♦ keep one's eye open ♦ keep one's eyes open ♦ keep open ♦ keep open house ♦ keep open table ♦ keep the eyes open ♦ kick open ♦ knock at an open door ♦ lay open ♦ leave open ♦ leave ot open ♦ Letters open ♦ long open sandwich ♦ not to open one's lips ♦ open a bank account ♦ open a bottle ♦ open a branch ♦ open a canal ♦ open a credit for ♦ open a credit in favor of ♦ open a credit in favour of ♦ open a door to ♦ open a door to smth. ♦ open a meeting ♦ open a shop ♦ open account ♦ open admissions ♦ open aerial ♦ open air ♦ open air composting ♦ open air ionisation chamber ♦ open air ionization chamber ♦ open air test site ♦ open air theatre ♦ open air trade ♦ open an account ♦ open an account with ♦ open an attack ♦ open an office. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "open": open-access, open-access library, open-age, open-air, open-air café, open-air court, open-air market, open-air marketplace, open-air pool, open-air service, open-air swimming pool, open-aisle, open-and-shut, open-angle, Open-Angle, open-angle glaucoma, open-architecture, open-areas, open-armed, open-artery, open-back, open-backed, open-balcony, open-beak, open-bill, open-boat, open-book, open-bored, open-breasted, open-bridging, open-cast, open-cast mining, open-caste, open-casting, open-cell, open-centre, open-ceremonial, open-chain, open-chest, open-chested, open-circuit, open-circuited, open-class, open-class word, open-cockpit, open-coil, open-collar worker, open-collared, open-country, open-crotch, open-cut, open-decision, open-door, open-door policy, open-eared, open-end, open-end, open-end credit, open-end fund, open-end investment company, open-end wrench, open-ended, open-ended discussion, open-ended ticket, open-endedly, open-endedness, open-entry, open-ers, open-events, open-eyed, open-face sandwich, open-faced, open-faced watch, open-field, open-file, open-fisted, open-flanked, open-flued, open-form, open-forum, open-freeze, Open-front furnace, open-fronted, open-government, open-grained, open-ground, open-hand, open-handed, open-handedly, open-handedness, Open-headed, open-heart, open-heart surgery, open-hearted, Open-heartedly, open-heartedness, open-hearth, Open-hearth furnace, Open-hearth process, Open-hearth steel, open-house, open-is, open-jaw charter, open-jaw fare, open-jawed, open-jointed, open-leaf, open-learning, open-leg, open-legged, open-loop, open-market, open-marriage, open-meeting, open-mesh, open-mike, open-minded, open-mindedly, open-mindedness, open-mouth, open-mouthed, open-neck, open-necked, open-ness, open-ocean, open-on, open-out, open-outcry, open-outlet, open-palm, open-palmed, open-pan, open-pit, open-plan, open-plan office, open-play, open-razor, open-reading, open-reel, open-riser, open-root, open-rooted, open-rooting, open-sandwich, open-sea, open-seat, open-shelf, open-shore, open-shut, open-side, open-sided, open-sided waggon, open-source, open-space, open-spaces, open-sprinkler, open-sprung, open-string, open-strip, open-style, open-system, open-system-based, open-systems, open-textured, open-throated, Open-timber roof, open-toed, open-top, open-topped, open-topper, open-toppers, open-to-suggestions, open-to-the-elements, open-to-the-sky, open-valley, open-water, open-weave, open-were, open-windowed, open-winner, open-winning, open-work, open-wound, open-year, open-zone situation. | |
Ending with "open": ever-open, re-open, semi-open, wide-open. | |
Containing "open": ever-open purse, partly-open-to-the. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
us open | 12,804 | open ssl | 417 |
french open | 9,304 | golf open streaker us | 400 |
us open golf | 3,823 | us senior open | 366 |
open streaker us | 1,963 | diary open teen | 360 |
open gl | 1,421 | 2003 us open golf | 315 |
french open tennis | 1,194 | us open golf ticket | 314 |
golf open u.s | 1,119 | wide open | 304 |
open source | 1,108 | us open ticket | 303 |
buick open | 913 | open diary | 288 |
open university | 824 | open house | 287 |
us open tennis | 794 | western open | 284 |
open | 753 | open topless us | 283 |
diary free open | 664 | us open tennis ticket | 280 |
open streaker u.s | 642 | open casting call | 247 |
open office | 607 | capital fbr open | 235 |
2003 us open | 555 | australian open | 228 |
british open | 535 | open heart surgery | 220 |
wide open west | 491 | open directory | 220 |
2003 french open | 467 | flasher open us | 219 |
open pussy | 460 | open leg | 211 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "open"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | oopmaak (open up), oop. (various references) | |
Albanian | hap (anatomize, cave, detect, dig, disclose, display, dissect, distribute, drive, expand, footstep, inaugurate, move, open up, pace, peg, pitch, remove, roll out, spread, start, step, stretch, strew, turn down, turn on, unblock, unbolt, unbosom, uncap, unclasp, unclench, unclose, uncork, uncover, undo, undraw, unfurl, unhook, unlatch, unlock, unreel, unseal, unshutter, unwrap, walk). (various references) | |
Arabic | سخي (bounteous, freehanded, generous, lavish, liberal, munificent, noble-minded, open handed, princely, prodigal, rich, well-paid), أطلق (cast, cast off, divorce, draw, eject, emanate, enlarge, erupt, evolve, fire, generalize, give off, liberate, loose, project, relax, release, shoot, slip, speed, spout, toss, touch off, unchain, unlock, utter), أفضى إلي, إستهل (begin, commence, initialize, institute, launch, lead off, preface, set, start, strike up), إنفتح (unlock), إنفتح على, إنفتح قليلا, جائز الصيد فيه, جيد المسامية, شق (chap, check, chink, cleavage, cleave, cleft, crack, cranny, crash, crevasse, crevice, cut, excavate, fissure, flaw, fracture, hew, hole, incise, incision, jag, loophole, lump, nick, overture, part, rift, rip, rive, slash, slit, slot, snag, snip, spiracle, splinter, split, spring, tear, twist), عام (catholic, common, encyclic, general, generic, gross, historical, prevailing, public, rife, sketchy, universal, year), فتح (conquer, conquest, switch on, turn on, unbar, unblock, unclose, unfasten, unfold, unlock, unseal, unzip), تفتح (bloom, blossom, dehisce, sobering, unfold, unlatch), حر (at large, disengaged, free, freeman, heat, independent, liberated, loose, voluntary), حرر (cast off, clear, decontrol, deliver, detach, emancipate, enfranchise, extricate, free, grant freedom, liberate, manumit, phrase, redact, redeem, release, rescue, rid, set at large, set free, set loose, subedit, unchain, uncork, unleash, unlock, unstitch), غير مطوق بحواجز, غير متحفظ (outgoing, unreserved, unrest), غير ملجم بضوابط تشريعية, مكشوف (bared, cleavage, exposed, naked, nude, roofless, uncovered, unguarded), مفتوح, كشف (bare, bring to light, detect, disclose, disclosure, discover, divulge, expose, exposure, find out, lay bare, lay open, lift, make known, remove, reveal, revelation, show up, take off, uncover, unearth, unfold, unveil), صريح (bare, bluff, candid, categorical, communicative, crude, direct, downright, expansive, explicit, flat, forthcoming, forthright, frank, genuine, guileless, honest, ingenuous, open-hearted, outright, outspoken, overt, palpable, plain, plain spoken, plump, point blank, pronounced, raw, round, simple-hearted, steady, straight, straightforward, transparent, unreserved, unvarnished). (various references) | |
Aymara | llahuiraña (to open with a key), cachatataña (to open the door), ansaña (to open one's mouth). (various references) | |
Basque | irekita, ireki. (various references) | |
Bavarian | auf. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | ikayinni (to open). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | без ограничения, отварям се (burst open, dispart, swing open, unzip), отварям (blow in, break out, open up, put up, tear open, throw in, throw open, turn on, unbolt, undo, unseal, unstop, unwrap), отпускам се (drop, expand, loosen up, plump, relax, sit back, slack, unkink, wilt), отпушвам (clear, unclog, uncork, unstop), отпечатвам (impress, imprint, print, pull, roll off, run, slur, stamp, strike off, throw off), ограничен (close, closed, confined, contracted, finite, hidebound, illiberal, insular, limitary, limited, mean, narrow, narrow minded, one track, parochial, pot-bound, restricted, scanty, small minded, sparing, strict, stringent, suburban), общодостъпен (exoteric, free for all, popular, public), обществен (common, communal, public, social), нерешен (at a loose end, drawn, in suspense, problematic, undecided, undetermined, unresolved, unsettled, unsolved), незащитен (exposed, indefensible, obvious, soft, uncovered, undefended, unguarded, unsheltered, unshielded), изложен (exposed, liable), започвам (begin, come in, commence, enter, enter on, fall to, get under way, handsel, initiate, institute, jump off, kick off, lead, lead off, preface, premise, roll, set in, set out on, set up, settle in, start off, start up, take off, tee off, teethe, trigger), откривам (bare, descry, detect, dig up, disclose, discover, disinter, espy, expose, find, find out, inaugurate, initiate, lay bare, lay open, lead off, locate, pick out, pry out, recover, reopen, reveal, rout out, rout up, run down, spot, strike, unclose, uncover, unearth, unveil), публичен (common, exoteric, overt, public), прям (above board, bluff, bluffy, blunt, candid, direct, downright, forthright, free-spoken, honest, outright, outspoken, plain, plainspoken, round, sincere, straight out, straightaway, straightforward, unaffected, unreserved), проходен, прочиствам (evacuate, flush, purge, scour, weed out), прокарвам (carry, cut, drive, get through, lace, pursue, push through, put through, run, sweep), прекъсвам (break in, break off, catch up, cease, cut, discontinue, halt, intercept, interpose, interrupt, pretermit, quit, release, stop, switch off, throw out), правя разрез, правя отвор, плътен (closely-knit, compact, compacted, consistent, dense, fruity, orotund, resonant, rich, rotund, round, solid, sonorous, stiff, thick), изключвам (disconnect, disengage, eliminate, except, exclude, expel, foreclose, intercept, leave out, preclude, remove, rule out, shut off, throw out, trip, ungear), започвам да говоря (talk away), който не е стегнат, свободен (at large, available, disengaged, disposable, easeful, easy, exempt, facile, familiar, fetterless, floating, fluent, footloose, free, glib, go-as-you-please, immune, independent, intestate, leisure, loose, neglige, off, otiose, quit, spare, tripping, unbending, unbound, unbuttoned, uncommitted, unconstrained, unforced, unreserved, unrestricted, unstudied, untenanted, untrammelled, vacant, void, wide), явен (apparent, blazing, decided, declared, distinct, downright, evident, Frank, glaring, manifest, marked, noticeable, obvious, ostensible, outright, overt, palpable, patent, plain, Plumb, pointed, professed, pronounced, rank, self-explanatory, sheer, thumping, transparent, unconcealed, unmistakable, visible), сбит (agglomerate, brief, compact, compendious, concise, epigrammatic, firm, lapidary, serried, succinct, summary, terse, thick, tight), разработвам (amplify, develop, elaborate, exploit, mature, operate, recover, run in, shake down, treat, work out), разхлабвам (ease, loosen, relax, unbend, unbrace, undo, unfasten, ungird, unknot, unlash, unloose, unstrap), разтворен (outspread, outstretched, patulous, unclosed), разтварям (dissolve, expand, melt, resolve, unclasp, unclose, unfold), разкривам се пред погледа, разгърнат, разгръщам (deploy, develop, outspread, push, spread, unroll, work up), отворен (abroach, exposed, flat, patent, raw, slack, unclosed, wide), разпечатвам (unseal), отвъртам (unscrew, unwind), гледам (eye, gape, lamp, look, look at, look on, look out, look through, manage, mind, nurse, overlook, point, regard, see, see into, tend, view, watch), връщам за преразглеждане (refer back, remit), вакантен (void), висящ (flying, in suspense, outstanding, pendant, pendent, pending, pendulous, pensile), виждам се (appear, shine through, show, show through), виждам (behold, envisage, find, look up, make, perceive, see, see of, see through, sight), отявлен (arrant, desperate, downright, notorious, professed, rank, right-down, straight out, unmitigated), откровен (candid, forthright, guileless, ingenuous, openhearted, outright, plain, plainspoken, point blank, round, simple minded, simple-hearted, sincere, straight, transparent, unvarnished), открит (above board, bare, bleak, demonstrative, discovered, exposed, free for all, ingenuous, obvious, open air, openhearted, outspoken, overt, public, straight, straightforward, transparent, unclosed, uncovered, unscreened, unshaded, wind swept), откривам се, съзирам (behold, descry, discern, espy, make, make out, raise, set eyes on, sight), разоравам (plough back, plough up, plow). (various references) | |
Catalan | obrir (open up). (various references) | |
Chinese | 開放 (lift, to lift a ban, to make open to the public), 廓 (big, empty), 开放, 正面 (direct, front, positive), 爽 (bright, clear, frank, invigorating, straightforward), 闡 (disclose, enlighten, to express), 坦率 (blunt, frank), 開 (operate, start), 胠 (flank of animal), 開設 (offer), 開辦 (set up, start), 開闊 (wide), 豁 (clear, crack, exempt, liberal-minded, opening, play Chinese finger game, sacrifice, slit, stake all), 透明 (transparent), 通 (go through, know well, to communicate, to connect), 闓 (loosen). (various references) | |
Czech | otevřít (begin, inaugurate, start, start up, throw, unbar, unbolt, unclose, uncork, undo, unlock, unseal). (various references) | |
Danish | åben (break, exposed, outcrop), åbne (open up). (various references) | |
Dutch | openen (open up), open (above-board, free, unchecked, unoccupied, vacant), openmaken (open up, set abroach), opendoen (open up). (various references) | |
Esperanto | nefermita, malfermita, malfermi (open up), malfermas. (various references) | |
Estonian | avatud. (various references) | |
Faeroese | opin (indescreet), lata upp (open up). (various references) | |
Farsi | افتتاح کردن (Inaugurate), بی ابر, بی الایش , بی پناه , دربسطدادن , دایر (Active, Live), شکفتن (Burst, Dehisce, Nip), روباز (Barefaced), روشن شدن (Kindle, Shine), رک گو (Frank, Ingenuous, Unreserve), اشکار (Apparent, Bare, Conspicuous, Evident, Explicit, Manifest, Obvious, Out, Overt, Palpable, Plain, Signal), ازاد (Exempt, Free, Gratis, Immune, Loose, Patent, Unattached, Unrestrained), مفتوح شدن , خوشحال شدن , صریح (Abstract, Clear, Definite, Explicit, Express, Frank, Perspicuous, Precise, Punctual, Straight, Unequivocal), سرگشاده , واریزنشده (Outstanding), گشادن (Evolve, Solve), گشودن (Inaugurate, Unfurl, Unhinge, Unlace, Untie, Untwine, Untwist), گشوده (Unbutton), معرض , مهربان (Affable, Amiable, Benign, Blithe, Charitable, Clement, Comkpliant, Gentle, Good, Gracious, Humane, Kind, Kindly, Meek, Mellow, Merciful, Mild, Soft, Tenderminded), مفتوح (Patent). (various references) | |
Finnish | avoin (vacant), auki. (various references) | |
French | ouvrir (open up), ouvert (open graded), ouvrez, ouvrent. (various references) | |
Frisian | ticht. (various references) | |
German | öffnen (lance, open up, opening, opens, to open, unbolt, uncap, unclasp, unclench, unclose, undo, unlock, unseal, unstop), offen (ajar, apertured, blatantly, candid, candidly, clear, direct, exposed, fair, forthright, Frank, frankly, free spoken, ingenuous, ingenuously, loose, low, naked, open-hearted, openly, outright, outspoken, outstanding, overt, overtly, pitched, plainly, raw, sincere, sincerely, straightforward, unconcealed, undecided, undetermined, undone, unfilled, unharbored, unhidden, unreservedly, unrestrained, unsealed, unsettled, upfront, vacant), aufmachen (cut open, feature, get up, let out, loosen, make up, open out, open up, opening, put up, to open up, uncap, unclasp, undo, unfasten, unstop, unzip), geöffnet (gaping, opened, unclosed), eröffnen (disclose, inaugurate, initiate, institute, lance, opening, publish, reveal, to open, unclose, unfold), durchbrochen (open work), aufschlagen (blaze up, crack, crack open, crash, cut open, erection, go up, hit, lift, lift up, pitch, raise, serve, set up, slam, turn back, turn up). (various references) | |
Greek | ανοικτός (aboveboard), ανοίγω (cleave, swing open, switch on, to open, turn on, unbar, unbolt, unclose, uncork). (various references) | |
Haitian Creole | ouvri. (various references) | |
Hawaiian | hap (open up), çelët. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מגולה (revealed, uncovered), לפתוח (begin, loosen, preface, start, unbar, uncover, unroll, untie), לפקוח (be alert, be vigilant, be watchful), לפצוח, להתחיל (begin, break ground, commence, launch), פתוח (developing film, development, elaboration, expansion, receptive), פקוח (check, control, inspection, monitoring, oversight, supervision, surveillance, vigilant), פנוי (checkout, clearance, clearing, disengaged, empty, evacuation, free, removal, unmarried, unoccupied, vacant), גלוי (apparent, detection, disclosure, discovery, evident, exhibition, exposed, manifest, manifestation, obvious, overt, patent, plain, revelation, straight). (various references) | |
Hungarian | nyitott (drag, fenceless, open minded, open-air, spread fan). (various references) | |
Icelandic | opinn. (various references) | |
Indonesian | mencelikan, membukakan (divulge, open for), membuka (disclose, prelude, take down, unfasten, unfold, untie), luar (out), celik, buka. (various references) | |
Irish | oscail. (various references) | |
Italian | aperto (aboveboard, forthcoming, Frank, obvious, out of doors, outright, overblown, overt, raw, splay), aprire (begin, bloom, carve, open up, prize, pry, put up, set up, slit, switch on, turn on, unhook, unlock), esordire (begin, start). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 露骨 (blunt, broad, conspicuous, frank, outspoken, plain, suggestive), 公 (companion, daimyo, duke, formal, governmental, lord, official, prince, public, subordinate). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たこう (absence from home, cavernous, going out, great happiness, porous), おおやけ (formal, governmental, official, public), おもてだった (formal, official, public), ひろびろとした (extensive, spacious), かいつう (opening), かいほう (breakwater, bulletin, circular, circulating letter, coast battery, convalescence, emancipation, evolution, extraction of roots, good news, idea borne in mind, liberalization, liberation, looking after, nursing, release, reply, report, solution, throw open), かいかつ (cheerfulness, lighthearted, liveliness, openminded), かいこん (cultivating new land, regret, tuberous root), こうぜんたる (elated, magnanimous, official, overt, proud, public, triumphant, vast), こうぜん (audacity, broadminded, great and prosperous, impudence, official, public, rosy cheeks, testicles, triumphant), オープン , ろこつ (blunt, broad, conspicuous, frank, outspoken, plain, suggestive), あけすけ (frank, honest, outspoken), むがい (duty-free, harmlessness, tax-free, uncovered), えいぎょうちゅう. (various references) | |
Korean | 열려있는. (various references) | |
Luxembourgish | op (on, to). (various references) | |
Malay | buka. (various references) | |
Manx | reurit, gyn kiangle, gyn eirkey (uncorked), fosley (answer, answer door, broach as cargo; overture, broach; overture, burst, develop, disclose, disillusion, explode, introduction, lane, lane in ice field, open out, open up, opening, orifice, passage, placket hole, slit, strike out, unbosom, unclench, unhook, unhook as clothing), foshlit (agape, ajar, blatant, downright; free-spoken, exploded; overt, exposed, extrovert; forthcoming; blank, extrovert; forthcoming; blank as credit, liable, open-necked, patent, unfastened), foshil. (various references) | |
Maori | whakapuare-tia (to open). (various references) | |
Maya | le'kuunt (to open). (various references) | |
Norwegian | åpen (frank). (various references) | |
Occitan | dobrir. (various references) | |
Papiamen | habri (open up), habrí. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | openay.(various references) | |
Polish | otwierać (open up), otwarty (ajar). (various references) | |
Portuguese | aberto (frank, gaping, ingenuous, inlet, naked, open-hearted, outspread, outstretched, pervious, plainspoken, staring, unclosed, unobstructed), abrir (barge, cut, cut up, dehisce, deploy, ditch, drift, frank, free, let by, open up, peck, rip, rive, spread, to open, unbar, unclasp, unclench, unclose, undraw, unfasten, unfold, unlock, unseal, unstrap). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | abra, aberto. (various references) | |
Romanian | deschide (break away, broach, commence, crack, cut, indict, lead, lead off, let in, open up, start, uncork, unfasten, unfold, unlock, unseal, unstop). (various references) | |
Romansch | avrir (to open). (various references) | |
Russian | открыть (open up, rediscover, unbar, unblock, unblocking), открытый (above board, exposed, fair and square, free for all, open-air, open-door, open-ended, overt, patent, professed, public, shadeless, unclosed, undisguised, unprotected), открывать (abroach, dedicate, detect, discover, lead off, open up, reveal, turn on, uncap, unclose, uncover, undraw, unfold, unkennel, unlock, unshutter, unveil). (various references) | |
Scottish | fosgail (open up). (various references) | |
Sepedi | bula (to open). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | otvoreno polje, otvarati (unclose), otvoren prostor (fairway), otvoriti (open up, put up, unbar, unbolt, unclench, unfold), otvoren (above board, blunt, candid, downright, forthright, heart-to-heart, open-faced, openhearted, outdoor, outgoing, out-of-door, outspoken, overt, plain, plainspoken, sightly, through, unclosed, undisguised), rad (business, labor, labour, running, willing, work, working), početi (begin, commence, lead off, set in, set on, start), razmaknuti (move apart, space), slobodan (footloose, free, indipendent, leisure, leisured, liberal, off, promiscuous, sightly, spare, through, unconstrained), razvući (prolong, protract, stretch), iskren (above board, blunt, candid, childlike, downright, fair dealing, forthright, frank, free-spoken, genuine, heartfelt, heart-to-heart, open minded, openhearted, outspoken, sincere, single-hearted, straight, straightforward), sklon (bent, disposed, fond, inclinable, inclined, minded, partial, prone, slanted), nezavijen, nezauzet (unoccupied, unreserved), javni (communal, public), javan (blatant, public). (various references) | |
Spanish | abrir (beat, beat out, blast, break, cut open, dehisce, discover, draw, drive, expose, open up, opening, pick, plough, plow, put up, set up, sharpen, shell, start, tread, tread down, turn on, turn up, unbar, unburden, uncurl, undo, unfold, zip, zip open, zip up), abierto (broad, dehiscent, direct, forthcoming, Frank, naked, on, open ended, opened, outgoing, outspoken, overt, patent, raw). (various references) | |
Swahili | kuachama (open one's mouth wide). (various references) | |
Swazi | kú-vula (to open). (various references) | |
Swedish | öppen (aboveboard, candid, clear, declared, fair, fenceless, heart-to-heart, ingenuous, naked, openable, open-faced, overt, unconcealed, undisguised, up front), öppna (inaugurate, lay open, open up, retrieve, tap, uncap, unclose, undo, unwrap, unzip), öppet (aboveboard, be open, frankly, freely, opened, openly, roundly). (various references) | |
Tagalog | buksán (open up), bukas (tomorrow), bukás. (various references) | |
Thai | เริ่มต้น (arrive, make a beginning / start on), เปิดโล่ง, เปิดออก (reopen), กาง, ที่เปิดเผยสู่สาธารณะ, ที่เปิดอยู่, ที่ถกเถียงกันได้, ที่กว้าง, ที่มีนิสัยตรงไปตรงมา, ว่าง (hungry). (various references) | |
Turkish | açmak (bare, beat, bring up in conversation, bring up the subject, broach, cave, cave in, clear, clear away, clear off, clear up, cleave, cut, cut loose, dehisce, denude, dilate, dilute, disclose, disentangle, elaborate, evolve, expand, fade, inaugurate, institute, lay open, lead, lighten, loosen, loosen up, offer, open out, open up, pass, put up, ring up, shake out, sharpen, site, spread, spread out, strip, switch on, thaw, thaw out, throw open, tint, turn on, turn up, unbind, unbosom, unburden, uncase, unclasp, uncloak, unclose, unclothe, uncoil, uncover, uncross, uncurl, undo, unfold, unfurl, unhitch, unlock, unloose, unpack, unpin, unplait, unroll, unseal, unsnarl, unstop, untangle, unthread, untie, untwine, untwist, unwind, unwrap, usher in, whet, whiten, wind). (various references) | |
Turkmen | haсlatmat (open wide), дюgдr (evident, obvious), aзmak, aз. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | нез'ясований (unfixed), доступний (accessible, approachable, available, negotiable, obnoxious, obtainable, pervious, procurable), вести у, виходити на (front, overlook), виключати (arrest, bar, count out, cut away, cut off, declutch, dismember, eliminate, except, exclude, expel, foreclose, oust, rule out, send down, shut out), вимкнутий (out), вимкнути (turn off, unplug), очевидний (apparent, demonstrable, direct, downright, evident, evidential, gross, manifest, necessary, obvious, ostensible, overt, palpable, plain, plum, pronounced, questionless, self evident, transparent, uncontested, unmistakable, utter), отвір (air gap, aperture, bore, boring, breach, break, canal, clearance, embrasure, gape, hole, mesh, mouth, opening, orifice, ostiole, perforation, port, ventage, window), неупереджений (candid, impersonal, objective, open minded, uninfluenced, unprejudiced), невирішений (indeterminate, outstanding, pending, undecided), відвертий (above board, candid, direct, expansive, forthright, free-hearted, nude, outgiving, outright, outspoken, plain, plainspoken, professed, self-confessed, unreserved, upstanding), необмежений (absolute, illimitable, indefinite, open ended, plenipotential, plenipotentiary, unbounded, unlimited, unrestrained), відкривати (bare, dedicate, detect, discover, disembosom, find, reveal, unbosom, unclose, undo, unfasten, unlock), незахищений (defenceless, defenseless, exposed, fenceless, naked, obvious, outdoor, out-of-door, unclosed, undefended, unguarded, unprotected, wide open), незакінчений (left over, unclosed, unfinished), незагоєний (opened), незавершений (incomplete, inconclusive), незамкнутий, неприкритий (bald, opened, uncovered, unsheltered), публічний (overt, public), прокладати (beat, carve, lay, lay on), пробивати (carve), працювати (act, go, labor, labour, operate, work), починати (begin, break, commence, embark, enter into, enter on, enter upon, initiate, institute, launch, lead off, prelude, quicken, set off, start, strike up, tee off, tee up, undertake), невикористаний (unspent, unutilized), функціонувати (function, functionate, go), розрізувати (cut up), розцвітати (blow), роз'єднаний (disengaged, disjointed, disjunct), розтинати (dissect, rip up, shear through), розкритий (bare, opened, outspread), розкриватися (dehisce, open out), розкривати (accuse, bare, disclose, let on, open out, unclothe, uncover, unearth, unfold), розгортатися (deploy, escalate, unfold, unroll, unwrap), розгортати (deploy, escalate, open out, unfold, unfurl, unroll, unwrap), розгорнутий (opened), взяти слід, щедрий (boon, bounteous, charitable, flush, free-handed, free-hearted, generous, handsome, munificent, open handed, prodigal, profuse, ungrudging, wanton), усім відомий (notified), гостинний (hearty, hospitable), вільний (broad, devoid, disengaged, disposable, emancipated, exempt, fetterless, for hire, free, leisurely, licentious, loose, odd, off, out, quit, unbound), відчинятися, відчиняти (unbar), відчинений (opened), відкрите місце, відкрите море, відкритий простір, відкритий (barefaced, bleak, broad, defenceless, defenseless, obvious, opened, open-hearted, overt, patulous, public, sightly, unclosed), відкриватися (open up, unclose), відкривати сезон. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | không có mui che; không gói, ấm áp mở ra cho, có khe hở... chưa giải quyết, có lỗ hổng (holey), chỗ ngoài trời, chỗ rộng râi, chỗ thoáng mát, chưa ai đảm nhiệm, chưa ai làm... không đóng băng không có trong sương giá, chưa xong rộng rãi, dịu, hở, ai cũng biết cởi mở, không bọc trống, thoáng rộng thông, không che giấu (unconcealed, undissembled, unhidden), không hạn chế; không cấm trần, không thành kiến còn bỏ trống, lộ thiên, mở, ngỏ mở rộng, phóng khoáng (big, open-minded, wide), ra mắt, rõ ràng (apodeictic, apodictic, apodictical, apparent, axiomatic, axiomatical, clear-cut, clearly, conspicuous, conspicuously, discriminate, discriminative, explicit, indubitable, limpid, lucid, luculent, manifest, marked, notorious, obvious, patently, plain, pronounced, self-apparent, tangible, transparent, visibly, well-marked), sẵn sàng tiếp thu cái mới, thể dục, thật tình thưa, không bị tắn nghẽn công khai. (various references) | |
Welsh | ar agor, agor (expand, open up). (various references) | |
Yucatec | he'bik (open up). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | aperta, apertae, apertas, aperti, apertis, apertisque, aperto, apertoque, apertos, apertum, apertus, campestri, campestris, directus, expositus, laxa, laxe, laxus, patefacio, patens, patentes, patuit, pura, puram, puras, purior, purissimam, purissimas, purissimi, purissimo, purissimum, puritatem, puro, purum, purus, relaxare, soluta, soluti, solutis, solutum, solutus, solvam, solvant, solvas, solvat, solve, solvebat, solvebatur, solvens, solventes, solventibus, solventur, solverant, solvere, solveret, solverit, solveritis, solvet, solvetur, solvi, solvisti, solvit, solvite, solvitis, solvitur, solvunt. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | cithra. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 24, Verse 31 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Autwn de dihnoicqhsan oi ofqalmoi kai epegnwsan auton kai autoV afantoV egeneto ap autwn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et aperti sunt oculi eorum et cognoverunt eum et ipse evanuit ex oculis eorum |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | þa wurdon hyra eagan geopenude and hig gecneowon hine and he gewat fram him. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And the iyen of hem weren openyd, and thei knewen hym; and he vanyschide fro her iyen. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And their eyes were openned and they knewe him: and he vnnisshed out of their syght. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And their eyes were opened, and they knew him; and he vanished out of their sight. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And their eyes were opened, and they knew him: and he vanished out of their sight. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And then their eyes were open, and they had knowledge of him, but he went from their view. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Luke Chapter 24, Verse 31 |
| Cebuano | Ug unya nabuka ang ilang mga mata, ug ilang naila siya; ug unya nahanaw siya sa ilang mga mata. |
| Chinese | 他 們 的 眼 睛 明 亮 了 、 這 纔 認 出 他 來 ． 忽 然 耶 穌 不 見 了 。 |
| Croatian | Uto im se otvore oèi te ga prepoznaše, a on im išèeznu s oèiju. |
| Danish | Da bleve deres Øjne åbnede, og de kendte ham; og han blev usynlig for dem. |
| Dutch | En hun ogen werden geopend, en zij kenden Hem; en Hij kwam weg uit hun gezicht. |
| Finnish | Silloin heidän silmänsä aukenivat, ja he tunsivat hänet. Ja hän katosi heidän näkyvistään. |
| French | Alors leurs yeux s`ouvrirent, et ils le reconnurent; mais il disparut de devant eux. |
| German | Da wurden ihre Augen geöffnet, und sie erkannten ihn. Und er verschwand vor ihnen. |
| Haitian Creole | Menm lè a, je yo louvri, yo rekonèt li. Men, li disparèt lamenm devan yo. |
| Hungarian | És megnyilatkozának az õ szemeik, és megismerék õt; de õ eltünt elõlük. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Kemudian sadarlah mereka bahwa itu Yesus. Tetapi Ia lenyap dari pemandangan mereka. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka teranglah mata keduanya, lalu mereka itu kenal Yesus itu; maka Ia pun gaiblah. |
| Italian | Allora si aprirono loro gli occhi e lo riconobbero. Ma lui sparì dalla loro vista. |
| Maori | Na kua kite o raua kanohi, a ka mohio ki a ia; a ngaro whakarere atu ia i a raua. |
| Norwegian | da blev deres øine åpnet, og de kjente ham; og han blev usynlig for dem. |
| Portuguese | Abriram-se-lhes então os olhos, e o reconheceram; nisto ele desapareceu de diante deles. |
| Rumanian | Atunci li s`au deschis ochii, wi L-au cunoscut; dar El S`a fqcut nevqzut dinaintea lor. |
| Russian | фПЗДБ ПФЛТЩМЙУШ Х ОЙИ ЗМБЪБ, Й ПОЙ ХЪОБМЙ еЗП. оП пО УФБМ ОЕЧЙДЙН ДМС ОЙИ. |
| Shuar | Nu chichamaik, ni jii uranniua Núnikiarmatai Jesusan nekaawarmiayi. Tura Niisha Nú chichamaik menkakamiayi. |
| Swahili | Mara macho yao yakafumbuliwa, wakamtambua; lakini yeye akatoweka kati yao. |
| Swedish | Därvid öppnades deras ögon, så att de kände igen honom. Men då försvann han ur deras åsyn. |
| Uma | Nto'u toe, lako' monoto-rada, pai' ra'inca Kayesus-na. Ngkai ree, hangaa mengkaronto-imi, uma-ipi rahiloi. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "open": openabilities, openability, openable, opencast, opened, opener, openers, openest, openhanded, openhandedly, openhandedness, openhandednesses, openhearted, openheartedly, openheartedness, openheartednesses, opening, openings, openly, openmouthed, openmouthedly, openmouthedness, openmouthednesses, openness, opennesses, opens, openwork, openworks. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "open": copen, reopen, unopen. (additional references) | |
Words containing "open": copens, eyeopener, eyeopeners, leukopenia, leukopenias, leukopenic, lycopene, lycopenes, pancytopenia, pancytopenias, panleukopenia, panleukopenias, preopening, propend, propended, propending, propends, propene, propenes, propenol, propenols, propense, propensities, propensity, propenyl, reopened, reopening, reopenings, reopens, scolopendra, scolopendras, thiopental, thiopentals, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenias, thrombocytopenic, twopence, twopences, twopenny, unopenable, unopened. (additional references) | |
| |
"Open" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: apen, epin, Eupen, ipen, ipent, lopen, moppen, Obecni, Obein, oben, obene, obin, oen, oena, oep, Oeppen, ofen, ogen, ohen, oken, Okpe, olen, Olpin, onen, onep, Opa, opac, opae, opah, opan, Opana, Opango, Opax, opaz, opea, opean, opeg, opel, openg, opengl, Openo, opent, openvue, oper, opet, opew, opey, opez, ophen, Ophey, opi, opim, opin, opinn, Opio, opion, opo, opoe, Opon, oppau, Oppenau, oppian, Oppin, oppit, opun, opuy, opw, oreen, oren, Oseen, ospen, oten, ozen, poan, poean, poen, poeni, poiein, poien, ponen, poxen, ppen, topan, upen. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "open" (pronounced ō"pun) |
| 4 | ō" p u n | copen, reopen. |
| 3 | -p u n | aspen, cheapen, crispen, dampen, deepen, happen, hempen, lupin, misshapen, ripen, sharpen, somatotropin, tarpon, weapon, yaupon. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: nope, peon, pone. | |
| Words within the letters "e-n-o-p" | |
-1 letter: eon, one, ope, pen. | |
-2 letters: en, ne, no, oe, on, op, pe. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-n-o-p" | |
+1 letter: copen, netop, opens, opine, paeon, pelon, pengo, peons, peony, phone, ponce, pones, prone. | |
+2 letters: apnoea, copens, crepon, depone, epigon, eponym, holpen, impone, lepton, loupen, netops, opened, opener, openly, operon, opined, opines, orpine, paeons, pengos, pennon, peones, pereon, perron, person, phenol, phenom, phoned, phones, phoney, pigeon, pinole, pointe, poleyn, pollen, ponced, ponces, ponded, ponder, ponent, ponged, pongee, ponied, ponies, pontes, poteen, potent, potmen, pounce, proven, pyrone, reopen, spoken, sponge, teopan, unopen, weapon. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Derived from 18. Names: Company Usage 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Bible Trace 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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