Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Negotiation |
NegotiationNoun1. A discussion intended to produce an agreement; "the buyout negotiation lasted several days"; "they disagreed but kept an open dialogue"; "talks between Israelis and Palestinians". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "negotiation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Process by which two session protocol machines(SPMs)agree on a common set of functional units and protocol values and on the initial setting of available tokens. Source: European Union. (references) |
Finance | A bill is negotiated when it is transferred from one person to another in such a manner as to constitute the transferee the holder of the bill. A bill payable to bearer is negotiated by delivery. A bill payable to order is negotiated by the indorsement of the holder completed by delivery. Source: European Union. (references) |
Labor | Refers to the process of making proposals, discussing such proposals, advancing counterproposals, bargaining, and, if possible, arriving at an agreement. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Given this definition, one can see negotiation occurring in almost all walks of life, from parenting to the courtroom.
In the advocacy approach, a skilled negotiator usually serves as advocate for one party to the negotiation and attempts to obtain the most favorable outcomes possible for that party. In this process the negotiator attempts to determine the minimum outcome(s) the other party is (or parties are) willing to accept, then adjusts her demands accordingly. A "successful" negotiation in the advocacy approach is when the negotiator is able to obtain all or most of the outcomes his party desires, but without driving the other party to permanently break off negotiations.
Traditional negotiating is sometimes called win-lose because of the hard-ball style of the negotiators whose motive is to get as much as they can for their side.
In the Seventies, practitioners and researchers began to develop win-win approaches to negotiation. Perhaps the best known was articulated in the book Getting to YES by Harvard's Roger Fisher and Bill Ury. This approach, referred to as Principled Negotiation, is also sometimes called mutual gains bargaining. The mutual gains approach has been effectively applied in environmental situations (see Lawrence Susskind) as well as labor relations where the parties (e.g. management and a labor union) frame the negotiation as problem solving.
Tactics
There are many tactics used by skilled negotiators, including:
See also Mediation, Arbitration, Best alternative to a negotiated agreement, Collective bargaining, Conciliation, Contract, Dispute resolution, Expert determination, Game theory, Nash equilibrium, Prisoner's dilemma
References
External Links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Negotiation."
Synonyms: NegotiationSynonyms: dialogue (n), talks (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Barter | Deal, dealing, transaction, negotiation, bargain. |
Compact | Negotiation; (bargaining); diplomacy; (mediation); negotiator; (agent). |
Mediation | Parley, negotiation; diplomatics, diplomacy; compromise. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Negotiation |
| English words defined with "negotiation": arbitration ♦ bargaining ♦ close, collective bargaining, Counter project ♦ dialogue, diplomacy, diplomatic negotiations ♦ end game, endgame ♦ horse trading ♦ Leaves of proposition ♦ mediation ♦ Negotiatory ♦ parley, plea bargaining ♦ Sixth Crusade ♦ talks, Transaction of a society. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "negotiation": Advisory Committee On Trade Policy And Negotiation ♦ electronic commerce ♦ flagged actions ♦ Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language ♦ over the counter ♦ parameter negotiation between modems ♦ Restricted Letter of Credit. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | No, I call it an aggressive negotiation. (Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones; writing credit: George Lucas) The fact that we have to treat Britain and Argentina even-handedly for the purpose of negotiation (The Falklands Play; writing credit: Ian Curteis) | |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | When bonds are issued for sale or negotiation, and when goods are delivered by the Commission, certificates to an equivalent value must be withdrawn. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | If by chance persons from without present themselves to see a nun whom they have known or loved in the world, a formal negotiation is necessary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | During individual sessions, the therapist and adolescent work on important developmental tasks, such as developing decisionmaking, negotiation, and problem-solving skills. (references) | |
For example, intervention programs with younger gay men need to address the fact that some of them consider HIV to be a threat mainly to older men. Negotiation about safe sex practices is much more difficult for women in populations where there are cultural barriers to doing so. Programs targeting sex workers have been highly efficacious in other countries, but in this country would encounter cultural and political barriers. (references) | ||
Business | With direct distribution by the manufacturer, prices are subject to negotiation. (references) | |
The amount is subject to negotiation with the UAE offset committee, which must approve each investment project. (references) | ||
A Mercedes-Benz deal to produce a luxury multi-purpose vehicle is still under negotiation after more than two years. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Paraguay | The demonstrators had blocked the bridge for several days and rejected Government offers of negotiation before the police moved in. In November police used rubber bullets and clubs to disperse a group of medical professionals who were protesting cuts in hospital funding in front of the Senate building. (references) |
Economic History | Latvia | The privatization requirements are subject to negotiation. (references) |
India | Buying and selling is often a process of bargaining and negotiation. (references) | |
Human Rights | Belize | After hours of negotiation, police and BDF personnel used tear gas in an attempt to clear the bridge, and protesters assaulted security personnel with rocks and bottles. (references) |
Minorities | Ghana | On May 23, the Forum of Religious Bodies in Ghana issued a statement, which was signed by seven religious councils, calling for peaceful coexistence and further negotiation with the GTC; however, a GTC leader stated that no agreement had been reached with the churches, and that he did not endorse any compromise. (references) |
Political Economy | PORTUGAL | Collective bargaining disputes are usually resolved through negotiation. (references) |
Political Rights | Togo | On July 29, 1999, all sides signed an accord called the "Lome Framework Agreement," which included a pledge by President Eyadema that he would respect the Constitution and not seek another term as president after his term expires in 2003. The accord also called for the negotiation of legal status for opposition leaders, as well as for former heads of state (such as their immunity from prosecution for acts in office), although at year's end only the former had been considered. (references) |
Trade | Italy | U.S.-EU negotiation of mutual recognition agreements should, over time, reduce problems in this area. (references) |
Canada | Canada has also been an active member of both the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) negotiation process. (references) | |
Travel | Honduras | Taxis are not metered, so negotiation of the fare is strongly recommended. (references) |
Yemen | Yemenis have been engaging in commerce for millennia and have refined the art of negotiation. (references) | |
Brazil | Compared to the United States, the pace of negotiation is slower and is based much more on personal contact. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Honduras | Union formation and contract negotiation can take an extremely long time. (references) |
Moldova | Wages are set through a tripartite negotiation process involving government, management, and unions. (references) | |
Nicaragua | To obtain approval, the union must go through a process that requires good faith negotiation with management. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Mark Shields | We have to take a break, but when we come back we'll ask Secretary of Commerce Don Evans if trade negotiation authority is essential for the U.S. economy. |
Richard Gephardt | Well, what I am saying and what I'll continue to say is that we need to come to, first, a conversation and a negotiation and an agreement on what needs to be done in the country on homeland security. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The actual liberation of all our citizens who were prisoners in Algiers, while it gratifies every feeling of heart, is itself an earnest of a satisfactory termination of the whole negotiation. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | Indeed, whatever may be the issue of the negotiation with France, and whether the war in Europe is or is not to continue, I hold it most certain that permanent tranquility and order will not soon be obtained. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | There is reason to expect that by amicable negotiation the independence of Brazil will ere long be recognized by Portugal herself. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | This negotiation has accordingly been commenced, and is now in progress, the result of which will, if successful, be also submitted to the Senate for their consideration. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Precise instructions to the effect of bringing the negotiation to a speedy issue have been given, and will be obeyed. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to 'saving' the Union without war, urgent agents were in the city seeking to 'destroy' it without war--seeking to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Nor do we mistake honorable negotiation for appeasement. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | After a period of confrontation, we are entering an era of negotiation. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | We are in the process of concluding a long negotiation establishing Micronesia's status as a freely associated state. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | America's foreign policy is once again based on bipartisanship, on realism, strength, full partnership, in consultation with our allies, and constructive negotiation with potential adversaries. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Negotiation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Negotiation" is used about 1,155 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 1,155 | 6,655 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "negotiation": basis for negotiation ♦ negotiation table ♦ obstacle to negotiation ♦ ongoing negotiation ♦ parameter negotiation between modems ♦ renew negotiation ♦ under negotiation. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "negotiation": re-negotiation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
debt negotiation | 359 |
negotiation | 335 |
salary negotiation | 221 |
negotiation skill | 153 |
negotiation training | 98 |
contract negotiation | 60 |
negotiation technique | 45 |
hostage negotiation | 45 |
credit card debt negotiation | 31 |
negotiation strategy | 26 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "negotiation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kalim (crossing, cut, devolution, escape, going, jump, lapse, orifice, pass, passage, passageway, passing, release, switch over, transfer, transference, transit, transition), bisedime (palaver, parley). (various references) | |
Arabic | مفاوضة, محادثات (conversation, parley, talks), تفاوض (negotiate, parley). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | уреждане (accord, adjustment, disposition, execution), уговаряне (stipulation), преодоляване, договаряне. (various references) | |
Chinese | 談判 (conference, to negotiate), 交涉. (various references) | |
Czech | zdolání, vyjednávání (bargaining, parley), prodej (sale), převod (assignment, endorsement, remittance, transfer, version), obchodování, jednání (act, action, dealing, manner, proceeding, talk). (various references) | |
Danish | overdragelse (disposal, transfer, transfer of property), forhandling. (various references) | |
Dutch | onderhandeling (treatment). (various references) | |
Finnish | neuvottelu (conference, consultation). (various references) | |
French | négociation. (various references) | |
German | verhandlung (debate, hearing, transaction, treatment, treaty, trial). (various references) | |
Greek | διαπραγμάτευση (palaver, parley). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משא ומתן (bargaining, moot), מק " וק ין, מ'ע ומשא, סחור (bargaining), "ול משא ומתן. (various references) | |
Hungarian | tárgyalás (collateral bargaining, conference, discussion, hearing, parley, pleading, reconsideration, talk, talks, trying). (various references) | |
Indonesian | perundingan (deliberation, palaver). (various references) | |
Italian | negoziazione (trading), negoziato (talk). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 折衝 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ネゴシエーション , きょうぎ (conference, consultation, contest, creed, discussion, doctrine, game, match, narrow-sense, paper-thin sheet of wood), きょうしょう (agreement, brave general, charming smile, cramped, flying race, narrow, small-sized, strong general), しょう " (business discussion, promotion), せっしょう (destruction of life, killing, regency, regent), かいしょう (ability, cancellation, circular, circulating letter, easy victory, liquidation, Navy Minister, renaming, resourcefulness, retitling, sweeping victory, talks, Vice-Admiral). (various references) | |
Korean | 교섭. (various references) | |
Manx | barganey (bargain hunting, bargaining, contract, negotiate). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | egotiationnay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | negociação (deal, parley). (various references) | |
Romanian | negociere, discutare a condiţiilor. (various references) | |
Russian | согласование (accommodation, coordination, co-ordination, matching, reconciliation). (various references) | |
Scottish | trachdadh. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | ugovaranje (stipulation), pregovaranje (discussion, treaty). (various references) | |
Spanish | negociación (bargaining, trading, transaction). (various references) | |
Swedish | förhandling (parley, proceeding, session). (various references) | |
Thai | การเจรจาต่อรอง. (various references) | |
Turkish | paraya çevirme (encashment, liquidation, realization, redemption), müzakere (debate, discussion, powwow), görüşme (bargaining, conference, conversation, debate, discussion, disputation, hearing, intercourse, interview, meeting, parley, rap, talk), ciro etme, anlaşmaya varma, aşma (crossover, encroachment, overlap, passing over). (various references) | |
Ukranian | обговорювання умов, подолання перешкод, переговори (conversations, discussion, parley, talks), передача векселя. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự thương lượng (treaty), sự d n xếp sự đổi th nh tiền, sự điều đình (mediation, treaty), sự đổi lấy tiền, sự đ m phán (overture), hối phiếu (negotiable). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | placitum. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "negotiation": negotiations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "negotiation": renegotiation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "negotiation": renegotiations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Negotiation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: nagotiation, negociation, negotiatior. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "negotiation" (pronounced nugō'shēā"shun) |
| 8 | -g ō' sh ē ā" sh u n | renegotiation. |
| 6 | -sh ē ā" sh u n | appreciation, depreciation, differentiation, glaciation, initiation. |
| 5 | -ē ā" sh u n | abbreviation, affiliation, alleviation, appropriation, association, aviation, conciliation, creation, delineation, denunciation, deviation, dissociation, exfoliation, expatriation, expropriation, foliation, humiliation, irradiation, mediation, misappropriation, miscreation, nucleation, procreation, pronunciation, radiation, reconciliation, recreation, remediation, renunciation, repatriation, repudiation, retaliation, substantiation, variation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, approbation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remuneration, renationalization, renomination, renovation, reorganization, reparation, replication, representation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-g-i-i-n-n-o-o-t-t" | |
-2 letters: negotiant. | |
-3 letters: intonate, negation, notating, notation, tainting. | |
-4 letters: anteing, antigen, atoning, enation, gentian, ionogen, negaton, netting, tangent, tenting, tinting, toiting, tonnage, tontine, tooting. | |
-5 letters: anoint, anting, eating, eonian, gannet, gentoo, gitano, gittin, gonion, goonie, gotten, ignite, ingate, innate, intent, intine, intone, ionone, nation, nonage, nonego, notate, noting, notion, tenant, tieing, tining, titian, toeing, togate, toning, toting. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-g-i-i-n-n-o-o-t-t" | |
+1 letter: negotiations. | |
+2 letters: interrogation, renegotiation. | |
+3 letters: interrogations, renegotiations. | |
+4 letters: interrogational. | |
+5 letters: antitechnologies, magnetostriction. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4E 65 67 6F 74 69 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-. . --. --- - .. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001110 01100101 01100111 01101111 01110100 01101001 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)N e g o t i a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004E 0065 0067 006F 0074 0069 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4871738186756786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Spoken 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
