Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Lest |
LestAdverb1. For fear that; "she tiptoed lest her mother should hear her". 2. That (after verbs explicitly expressing fear etc.); "he worried lest he should be late". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "lest" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Lest, That. "I feared lest I should be left behind." Use the copulative that, and not the disjunctive lest. "I feared that I should be left behind." Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
LEST | English | Labour Exchange and Trade System | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Agency | Phrase: "I myself must mix with action lest I wither by despair". |
Avoidance | Adjective: lest, in order to avoid. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Lest |
| English words defined with "lest": Disjunctive conjunction, Dry light ♦ Enaunter ♦ For fear ♦ Job master ♦ subjunctive mood ♦ To slight off, To tell on ♦ Whole snipe. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "lest": Awful ♦ Canary Birds, Chichivache, Counter ♦ Disinherited ♦ HEAD ♦ -head ♦ Horn-book, How ♦ JACOBITES ♦ Khorassan ♦ Leave some for Manners ♦ Manslaughter, Money ♦ Parasol ♦ River ♦ Secret Order, Street ♦ That ♦ Wagon, Wall. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "lest": Least. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Lest" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Czech (artifice, ruse, stratagem, subterfuge, trick, wile), French (ballast), Icelandic (train). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | O, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon, who monthly changes in her circled orb, lest that thy love prove likewise variable (Romeo + Juliet; writing credit: Craig Pearce) By the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember them, lest we forget (Sahara; writing credit: David Phillips) Lest we let this place become a zoo not to mention a haven for ghorkins (The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension; writing credit: Earl Mac Rauch) Usual vault rules apply: Touch not, lest ye be touched (Mallrats; writing credit: Kevin Smith) | |
Clever | Don't love the things you own, lest they own you. (references; author: unknown) Give according to your income, lest God will make your income like your giving. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Lest We Forget (1951) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Lest we forget this democracy's true foundations. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Lest liberty perish from the face of the earth - buy bonds / Ioseph Pennell del. & c. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | Lest we perish Campaign for $30,000,000 ; American Committee for Relief in the Near East ; Armenia - Greece - Syria - Persia ; One Madison Ave., New York, Cleveland H. Dodge, Treasurer. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Lest they perish Campaign for $30,000,000 - American Committee for Relief in the Near East--Armenia-Greece-Syria-Persia / / W.B. King ; Conwell Graphic Companies, N.Y. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | You--Buy a Liberty bond lest I perish / C.R. Macauley. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Lest they perish Campaign for $30,000,000 - American Committee for Relief in the Near East--Armenia-Greece-Syria-Persia / / W.B. King ; Conwell Graphic Companies, N.Y. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Aesop | Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow. |
Francis Quarles | Temper your enjoyments with prudence, lest there be written on your heart that fearful word ''satiety.'' |
Joseph Conrad | Every age is fed on illusions, lest man should renounce life early and the human race come to an end. |
Lord Alfred Tennyson | I must lose myself in action, lest I wither in despair. |
Marcus T. Cicero | Study carefully, the character of the one you recommend, lest their misconduct bring you shame. |
Phaedrus | Submit to the present evil, lest a greater one befall you. |
Robert Browning | Where the apple reddens never pry -- lest we lose our Edens, Eve and I. |
Thomas Fuller | Search not a wound too deep lest thou make a new one. |
William Hazlitt | Lest he should wander irretrievably from the right path, he stands still. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | But if I might advise them in the case, they would do well not to search too much into the original of governments, as they have begun de facto, lest they should find, at the foundation of most of them, something very little favourable to the design they promote, and such a power as they contend for. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Hester would not set him free, lest he should look her sternly in the face |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He feared lest something might yet enter |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | This I delivered in a firm tone, like a person who was jealous lest his courage should be called in question |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | Greece | There is no prohibition against Muslims becoming officers; however, few Muslim officers have advanced to the rank of reserve officer, and there were reports of pressure exerted on Greek Orthodox military personnel not to marry in the religious ceremony of their non-Orthodox partner, lest they be passed over for promotion. (references) |
Economic History | Philippines | The government hopes to hit at lest 3.3% GDP growth in 2001 (the low end of its targeted 3.3% -3.8% range), but private forecasts are somewhat lower. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HEAD-:MONEY:, n. A capitation tax, or poll-tax. In ancient times there lived a king Whose tax-collectors could not wring From all his subjects gold enough To make the royal way less rough. For pleasure's highway, like the dames Whose premises adjoin it, claims Perpetual repairing. So The tax-collectors in a row Appeared before the throne to pray Their master to devise some way To swell the revenue. "So great," Said they, "are the demands of state A tithe of all that we collect Will scarcely meet them. Pray reflect: How, if one-tenth we must resign, Can we exist on t'other nine?" The monarch asked them in reply: "Has it occurred to you to try The advantage of economy?" "It has," the spokesman said: "we sold All of our gray garrotes of gold; With plated-ware we now compress The necks of those whom we assess. Plain iron forceps we employ To mitigate the miser's joy Who hoards, with greed that never tires, That which your Majesty requires." Deep lines of thought were seen to plow Their way across the royal brow. "Your state is desperate, no question; Pray favor me with a suggestion." "O King of Men," the spokesman said, "If you'll impose upon each head A tax, the augmented revenue We'll cheerfully divide with you." As flashes of the sun illume The parted storm-cloud's sullen gloom, The king smiled grimly. "I decree That it be so -- and, not to be In generosity outdone, Declare you, each and every one, Exempted from the operation Of this new law of capitation. But lest the people censure me Because they're bound and you are free, 'Twere well some clever scheme were laid By you this poll-tax to evade. I'll leave you now while you confer With my most trusted minister." The monarch from the throne-room walked And straightway in among them stalked A silent man, with brow concealed, Bare-armed -- his gleaming axe revealed! G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume. |
Franklin Pierce | 1853-1857 | The oppressed throughout the world from that day to the present have turned their eyes hitherward, not to find those lights extinguished or to fear lest they should wane, but to be constantly cheered by their steady and increasing radiance. |
Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889; 1893-1897 | Nothing can relieve me from anxiety lest by any act of mine their interests may suffer, and nothing is needed to strengthen my resolution to engage every faculty and effort in the promotion of their welfare. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Together with our friends and allies, we will work to shape change, lest it engulf us. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | We will build our defenses beyond challenge, lest weakness invite challenge. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Lest" is generally used as a conjunction (subordinating) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Lest" is used about 420 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Conjunction (subordinating) | 100% | 420 | 13,547 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "lest": beware lest ♦ lest peradventure. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
lest we forget | 23 |
lest | 11 |
judge judged lest not ye | 10 |
lest innocent blood be shed | 5 |
canton de lest | 4 |
judge judged lest not | 3 |
lest singing | 2 |
down get lest | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "lest"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | se mos, që të mos. (various references) | |
Arabic | خوفا من, خشية أن. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | за да не, да не би да. (various references) | |
Chinese | "恐. (various references) | |
Czech | aby ne. (various references) | |
Farsi | مبادا, شاید (Belike, Like, May, Maybe, Peradventure, Perchance, Perhaps). (various references) | |
Finnish | jottei (in order that . . not, so as not to). (various references) | |
French | de peur de, de crainte de. (various references) | |
German | geringere (small). (various references) | |
Greek | για να μη, μη (do not, don't, non, not), μήπωσ (maybe), εκ φόβου. (various references) | |
Hungarian | nehogy (for fear of). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kalau (if). (various references) | |
Italian | per paura che. (various references) | |
Korean | 하지 않도록. (various references) | |
Manx | er aggle. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | estlay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | que (as, how, than, that, what, what kind of, which, who, whom), para que não, de que (of what, of which, whereof), com receio de, com medo de que, a fim de que não. (various references) | |
Romanian | sã nu, ca sã nu (but), ca nu cumva. (various references) | |
Russian | чтобы не, как бы не, как бы ни (however, howsoever), если (and if, except as otherwise, given that, I shouldn't wonder if, if, in case, in case of there, in the event that, in the event the, provided that, supposing, unless). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | da ne bi, da (if, like, so, that, yea, yeah, yep, yes). (various references) | |
Spanish | para que no, con el fin de (with the purpose of). (various references) | |
Swedish | ifall (if, in case, whether), för att inte. (various references) | |
Thai | "้วยเกรงว่า. (various references) | |
Turkish | olmaya ki, olmasın diye, etmesin diye. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | щоб не (but), коли б не (whenever, whensoever). (various references) | |
Welsh | rhag ofn, rhag (against, before, from, out of). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | nequando. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Mark Chapter 13, Verse 36 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Mh elqwn exaifnhV eurh umaV kaqeudontaV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Ne cum venerit repente inveniat vos dormientes |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | þe læs þe he eow slæpende ge-findeþanne he færenge cymð. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Leste whanne he cometh sodenli, he fynde you slepynge. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Lest yf he come sodenly he shuld fynde you slepynge. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Lest coming suddenly he find you sleeping. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Lest coming suddenly, he should find you sleeping. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | For fear that, coming suddenly, he sees you sleeping. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Mark Chapter 13, Verse 36 |
| Cebuano | kay tingali unyag mokalit lamang siya pag-abut ug makaplagan niya kamo nga mangkatulog. |
| Chinese | 恐 怕 他 忽 然 來 到 、 看 見 們 睡 著 了 。 |
| Croatian | da vas ne bi našao pozaspale ako iznenada doðe." |
| Danish | for at han ikke, når han kommer pludseligt, skal finde eder sovende! |
| Dutch | Opdat hij niet onvoorziens kome, en u slapende vinde. |
| Finnish | ettei hän, äkkiarvaamatta tullessaan, tapaisi teitä nukkumasta. |
| French | craignez qu`il ne vous trouve endormis, son arrivée soudaine. |
| Gaelic | Eagal gun tig e gu h-obann, `s gum faigh e sibh nur cadal. |
| German | auf daß er nicht schnell komme und finde euch schlafend. |
| Hungarian | Hogy, ha hirtelen megérkezik, ne találjon titeket aludva. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Kalau ia datang tiba-tiba, janganlah sampai ia menemukan kalian sedang tidur. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Supaya jangan tiba-tiba ia datang, serta mendapati kamu tertidur. |
| Italian | perché non giunga all'improvviso, trovandovi addormentati. |
| Maori | Kei puta whakarere mai, ka rokohanga koutou e ia e moe ana. |
| Norwegian | forat han ikke skal finne eder sovende, når han kommer uforvarende. |
| Portuguese | para que, vindo de improviso, não vos ache dormindo. |
| Rumanian | Temeyi-vq ca nu cumva, venind fqrq veste, sq vq gqseascq dormind. |
| Russian | ЮФП'Щ, ТЙ"С ЧОЕЪБ ОП, ОЕ ОБЫЕМ ЧБУ У СЭЙНЙ. |
| Shuar | Nérentin aya aneachmak taa, Kanúu tepai Wáitkiai tusarum aneartarum. |
| Spanish | no sea que cuando vuelva de repente os halle durmiendo. |
| Swahili | Kesheni ili akija ghafla asije akawakuta mmelala. |
| Swedish | vaken, så att han icke finner eder sovande, när han oförtänkt kommer. |
| Uma | Jadi', kana mo'inga' mpu'u-ra, apa' uma ra'incai ba nto'uma karata-na pue' tomi, ba ncimonou' -di ba ntongo' bengi-di ba mepulo ngkii ba nto'u eo mehupa'. Nee-neo' mpai' rata ncorobaa-imi pai' narata-ra bula-ra leta'. Wae wo'o kana mo'inga' -inga' -koi, apa' uma ni'incai nto'uma-a rata. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words ending with "lest": ablest, amplest, arbalest, arbelest, awfullest, beautifulest, blest, brittlest, capablest, carefullest, centralest, cheerfullest, chillest, coolest, cruelest, cruellest, dismalest, dolefullest, drollest, dullest, evilest, evillest, fearfullest, feeblest, fellest, ficklest, foulest, frailest, fruitfullest, fullest, genteelest, gentlest, gracefullest, gratefullest, halest, humblest, idlest, illest, joyfullest, kittlest, littlest, loyalest, micklest, molest, mournfullest, nimblest, noblest, painfullest, palest, peacefullest, pitifullest. (additional references) | |
Words containing "lest": anticholesterol, arbalests, arbelests, candlestick, candlesticks, celesta, celestas, celeste, celestes, celestial, celestially, celestials, celestite, celestites, cholestases, cholestasis, cholestatic, cholesteric, cholesterol, cholesterols, cholestyramine, cholestyramines, cobblestone, cobblestoned, cobblestones, fiddlestick, fiddlesticks, hypercholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemias, hypercholesterolemic, milestone, milestones, molestation, molestations, molested, molester, molesters, molesting, molests, palestra, palestrae, palestras, polestar, polestars, singlestick, singlesticks, telestic, telestics, unmolested, wafflestomper, wafflestompers. (additional references) | |
| |
"Lest" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Elst, glest, lasht, lasst, Leatg, lect, lectu, leest, leeste, leet, leit, lensth, leot, lept, lerste, lert, Lesc, Lescht, leseth, lesk, lessa, lessl, lesta, lestai, lestr, leut, lewt, lezi, lezt, lista, listi, listn, listo, listy, lizt, Loesch, lostr, ls, lsd, lse, lsg, lst, Luest, lusit, lyst. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "lest" (pronounced le"st) |
| 4 | l e" s t | blessed, blest, Celeste, coalesced, molest. |
| 3 | -e" s t | arrest, abreast, acquiesced, addressed, assessed, attest, behest, bequest, best, breast, chest, compressed, confessed, congest, crest, impressed, depressed, detest, digest, digressed, dispossessed, distressed, divest, dressed, expressed, fessed, finessed, gest, guessed, guest, infest, ingest, invest, jest, messed, nest, northwest, obsessed, oppressed, pest, possessed, pressed, Prest, professed, progressed, quest, rearrest, reassessed, recessed, reinvest, repossessed, repressed, request, rest, retest, southwest, stressed, suggest, suppressed, test, transgressed, unaddressed, undressed, unimpressed, unrest, vest, West, wrest, zest. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: lets, tels. | |
| Words within the letters "e-l-s-t" | |
-1 letter: els, let, sel, set, tel. | |
-2 letters: el, es, et. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-l-s-t" | |
+1 letter: belts, blest, blets, celts, delts, felts, gelts, islet, istle, least, leets, lefts, lutes, melts, pelts, setal, slate, sleet, slept, smelt, spelt, stale, steal, steel, stela, stele, stile, stole, style, taels, tales, teals, teels, teles, tells, telos, tesla, tiles, toles, tules, welts. | |
+2 letters: ablest, aglets, alates, alerts, alters, artels, betels, bleats, blites, bluest, bluets, botels, bustle, butles, castle, cleats, clefts, closet, culets, delfts, delist, deltas, desalt, eclats, elates, eldest, elects, elints, elites, elutes, enlist, estral, ethyls, exalts, extols, exults, festal, filets, fleets, fliest, flites, flutes, flytes, gleets, halest, haslet, helots, hostel, hotels, hustle, idlest, illest, inlets, islets, istles, itself, ixtles, jostle, justle, ketols, lamest, lasted, laster, latens, latest, lathes, latkes, lattes, laxest, leasts, legist, legits, lentos, lethes, letups, likest, listed, listee, listel, listen, lister, liters, litres, livest, lottes, lowest, lunets, lusted, luster, lustre, lutzes, lysate, metals, molest, motels, nestle, oldest, osteal, ostler, owlets, palest, palets, pastel, pestle, petals, plates, pleats, ratels, relets, relist, result, rustle, sallet, salted, salter, saltie, salute, samlet, select, septal, settle, shelta, shelty, shtetl, silent, silted, sklent, slated, slater, slates, slatey, sleets, sleety, sleuth, sliest, slyest, smelts, solate, solute, spelts, speltz, splent, stable, staled, staler, stales, staple, steals, steels, steely, stelae, stelai, stelar, steles, stelic, stella, sterol, stifle, stiles, stipel, stoled, stolen, stoles, streel, styled, styler, styles, stylet, sublet, subtle, sutler, svelte, tables, talers, tassel, teasel, tellys, telson, tepals, teslas, tholes, tildes, tilers, tinsel, titles, toiles, tousle, towels, tulles, tussle, ulster, valets, veldts, vestal, vilest, voltes. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Familiar 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Bible Trace | 17. Abbreviations 18. Acronyms 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.