Lest

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Lest

Definition: Lest

Lest

Adverb

1. For fear that; "she tiptoed lest her mother should hear her".

2. That (after verbs explicitly expressing fear etc.); "he worried lest he should be late".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "lest" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Lest

DomainDefinition

Tips from 1870

Usage: Lest, That. "I feared lest I should be left behind." Use the copulative that, and not the disjunctive lest. "I feared that I should be left behind." Source: Slips of Speech.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Lest

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

LEST

EnglishLabour Exchange and Trade SystemN/A

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms within Context: Lest

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Agency

Phrase: "I myself must mix with action lest I wither by despair".

Avoidance

Adjective: lest, in order to avoid.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Lest

English words defined with "lest": Disjunctive conjunction, Dry lightEnaunterFor fearJob mastersubjunctive moodTo slight off, To tell onWhole snipe. (references)
Specialty definitions using "lest": AwfulCanary Birds, Chichivache, CounterDisinheritedHEAD-headHorn-book, HowJACOBITESKhorassanLeave some for MannersManslaughter, MoneyParasolRiverSecret Order, StreetThatWagon, Wall. (references)
Etymologies containing "lest": Least. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Lest" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Czech (artifice, ruse, stratagem, subterfuge, trick, wile), French (ballast), Icelandic (train).

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Modern Usage: Lest

DomainUsage

Screenplays

O, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon, who monthly changes in her circled orb, lest that thy love prove likewise variable (Romeo + Juliet; writing credit: Craig Pearce)

By the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember them, lest we forget (Sahara; writing credit: David Phillips)

Lest we let this place become a zoo not to mention a haven for ghorkins (The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension; writing credit: Earl Mac Rauch)

Usual vault rules apply: Touch not, lest ye be touched (Mallrats; writing credit: Kevin Smith)

Clever

Don't love the things you own, lest they own you. (references; author: unknown)

Give according to your income, lest God will make your income like your giving. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Lest We Forget (1951)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Lest

DomainTitle

Books

  • Lest Darkness Fall (reference)

  • Lest Darkness Fall, to Bring the Light: 2 Books in 1 (reference)

  • Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed (reference)

  • Lest We Forget: The Kingsmen, 101st Aviation Battalion, 1968 (reference)

  • Lest We Forget:: When Time Stood Still (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Lest

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Lest we forget this democracy's true foundations. Credit: Library of Congress.

Lest liberty perish from the face of the earth - buy bonds / Ioseph Pennell del. & c. Credit: Library of Congress.

Lest we perish Campaign for $30,000,000 ; American Committee for Relief in the Near East ; Armenia - Greece - Syria - Persia ; One Madison Ave., New York, Cleveland H. Dodge, Treasurer. Credit: Library of Congress.

Lest they perish Campaign for $30,000,000 - American Committee for Relief in the Near East--Armenia-Greece-Syria-Persia / / W.B. King ; Conwell Graphic Companies, N.Y. Credit: Library of Congress.

You--Buy a Liberty bond lest I perish / C.R. Macauley. Credit: Library of Congress.

Lest they perish Campaign for $30,000,000 - American Committee for Relief in the Near East--Armenia-Greece-Syria-Persia / / W.B. King ; Conwell Graphic Companies, N.Y. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Lest

AuthorQuotation

Aesop

Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.

Francis Quarles

Temper your enjoyments with prudence, lest there be written on your heart that fearful word ''satiety.''

Joseph Conrad

Every age is fed on illusions, lest man should renounce life early and the human race come to an end.

Lord Alfred Tennyson

I must lose myself in action, lest I wither in despair.

Marcus T. Cicero

Study carefully, the character of the one you recommend, lest their misconduct bring you shame.

Phaedrus

Submit to the present evil, lest a greater one befall you.

Robert Browning

Where the apple reddens never pry -- lest we lose our Edens, Eve and I.

Thomas Fuller

Search not a wound too deep lest thou make a new one.

William Hazlitt

Lest he should wander irretrievably from the right path, he stands still.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Lest

AuthorDateQuotation

John Locke

1690

But if I might advise them in the case, they would do well not to search too much into the original of governments, as they have begun de facto, lest they should find, at the foundation of most of them, something very little favourable to the design they promote, and such a power as they contend for. (Second Treatise of Government)

Winston S. Churchill

1946

If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. ("Iron Curtain" Speech)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Lest

TitleAuthorQuote

Scarlet Letter

Hawthorne, Nathaniel

Hester would not set him free, lest he should look her sternly in the face

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

He feared lest something might yet enter

Gulliver's Travels

Swift, Jonathan

This I delivered in a firm tone, like a person who was jealous lest his courage should be called in question

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Lest

SubjectTopicQuote

Civil Liberties

Greece

There is no prohibition against Muslims becoming officers; however, few Muslim officers have advanced to the rank of reserve officer, and there were reports of pressure exerted on Greek Orthodox military personnel not to marry in the religious ceremony of their non-Orthodox partner, lest they be passed over for promotion. (references)

Economic History

Philippines

The government hopes to hit at lest 3.3% GDP growth in 2001 (the low end of its targeted 3.3% -3.8% range), but private forecasts are somewhat lower. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

HEAD-:MONEY:, n. A capitation tax, or poll-tax. In ancient times there lived a king Whose tax-collectors could not wring From all his subjects gold enough To make the royal way less rough. For pleasure's highway, like the dames Whose premises adjoin it, claims Perpetual repairing. So The tax-collectors in a row Appeared before the throne to pray Their master to devise some way To swell the revenue. "So great," Said they, "are the demands of state A tithe of all that we collect Will scarcely meet them. Pray reflect: How, if one-tenth we must resign, Can we exist on t'other nine?" The monarch asked them in reply: "Has it occurred to you to try The advantage of economy?" "It has," the spokesman said: "we sold All of our gray garrotes of gold; With plated-ware we now compress The necks of those whom we assess. Plain iron forceps we employ To mitigate the miser's joy Who hoards, with greed that never tires, That which your Majesty requires." Deep lines of thought were seen to plow Their way across the royal brow. "Your state is desperate, no question; Pray favor me with a suggestion." "O King of Men," the spokesman said, "If you'll impose upon each head A tax, the augmented revenue We'll cheerfully divide with you." As flashes of the sun illume The parted storm-cloud's sullen gloom, The king smiled grimly. "I decree That it be so -- and, not to be In generosity outdone, Declare you, each and every one, Exempted from the operation Of this new law of capitation. But lest the people censure me Because they're bound and you are free, 'Twere well some clever scheme were laid By you this poll-tax to evade. I'll leave you now while you confer With my most trusted minister." The monarch from the throne-room walked And straightway in among them stalked A silent man, with brow concealed, Bare-armed -- his gleaming axe revealed! G.J.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Lest

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

George Washington

1789-1797A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume.

Franklin Pierce

1853-1857The oppressed throughout the world from that day to the present have turned their eyes hitherward, not to find those lights extinguished or to fear lest they should wane, but to be constantly cheered by their steady and increasing radiance.

Grover Cleveland

1885-1889; 1893-1897Nothing can relieve me from anxiety lest by any act of mine their interests may suffer, and nothing is needed to strengthen my resolution to engage every faculty and effort in the promotion of their welfare.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001Together with our friends and allies, we will work to shape change, lest it engulf us.

George W. Bush

2001-2005We will build our defenses beyond challenge, lest weakness invite challenge.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Lest

"Lest" is generally used as a conjunction (subordinating) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Lest" is used about 420 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Conjunction (subordinating)100%42013,547

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Lest

Expressions using "lest": beware lest lest peradventure. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Lest

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

lest we forget

23

lest

11

judge judged lest not ye

10

lest innocent blood be shed

5

canton de lest

4

judge judged lest not

3

lest singing

2

down get lest

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Lest

Language Translations for "lest"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

se mos, që të mos. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏خوفا من, ‏خشية أن. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

за да не, да не би да. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

"恐. (various references)

   

Czech

  

aby ne. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

مبادا, شاید (Belike, Like, May, Maybe, Peradventure, Perchance, Perhaps). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

jottei (in order that . . not, so as not to). (various references)

   

French

  

de peur de, de crainte de. (various references)

   

German

  

geringere (small). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

για να μη, μη (do not, don't, non, not), μήπωσ (maybe), εκ φόβου. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

nehogy (for fear of). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

kalau (if). (various references)

   

Italian

  

per paura che. (various references)

   

Korean 

  

하지 않도록. (various references)

   

Manx

  

er aggle. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

estlay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

que (as, how, than, that, what, what kind of, which, who, whom), para que não, de que (of what, of which, whereof), com receio de, com medo de que, a fim de que não. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

sã nu, ca sã nu (but), ca nu cumva. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

чтобы не, как бы не, как бы ни (however, howsoever), если (and if, except as otherwise, given that, I shouldn't wonder if, if, in case, in case of there, in the event that, in the event the, provided that, supposing, unless). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

da ne bi, da (if, like, so, that, yea, yeah, yep, yes). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

para que no, con el fin de (with the purpose of). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

ifall (if, in case, whether), för att inte. (various references)

   

Thai

  

"้วยเกรงว่า. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

olmaya ki, olmasın diye, etmesin diye. (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

щоб не (but), коли б не (whenever, whensoever). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

rhag ofn, rhag (against, before, from, out of). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Lest

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

nequando. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Lest

LanguageDateSourceMark Chapter 13, Verse 36
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintMh elqwn exaifnhV eurh umaV kaqeudontaV
Latin405VulgateNe cum venerit repente inveniat vos dormientes
Old English990West Saxonþe læs þe he eow slæpende ge-findeþanne he færenge cymð.
Middle English1395WyclifLeste whanne he cometh sodenli, he fynde you slepynge.
Renaissance English1526TyndaleLest yf he come sodenly he shuld fynde you slepynge.
Jacobean English1611King JamesLest coming suddenly he find you sleeping.
Victorian English1833WebsterLest coming suddenly, he should find you sleeping.
Basic English1964OgdenFor fear that, coming suddenly, he sees you sleeping.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Lest

LanguageMark Chapter 13, Verse 36
Cebuanokay tingali unyag mokalit lamang siya pag-abut ug makaplagan niya kamo nga mangkatulog.
Chinese恐 怕 他 忽 然 來 到 、 看 見 們 睡 著 了 。
Croatianda vas ne bi našao pozaspale ako iznenada doðe."
Danishfor at han ikke, når han kommer pludseligt, skal finde eder sovende!
DutchOpdat hij niet onvoorziens kome, en u slapende vinde.
Finnishettei hän, äkkiarvaamatta tullessaan, tapaisi teitä nukkumasta.
Frenchcraignez qu`il ne vous trouve endormis, son arrivée soudaine.
GaelicEagal gun tig e gu h-obann, `s gum faigh e sibh nur cadal.
Germanauf daß er nicht schnell komme und finde euch schlafend.
HungarianHogy, ha hirtelen megérkezik, ne találjon titeket aludva.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariKalau ia datang tiba-tiba, janganlah sampai ia menemukan kalian sedang tidur.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaSupaya jangan tiba-tiba ia datang, serta mendapati kamu tertidur.
Italianperché non giunga all'improvviso, trovandovi addormentati.
MaoriKei puta whakarere mai, ka rokohanga koutou e ia e moe ana.
Norwegianforat han ikke skal finne eder sovende, når han kommer uforvarende.
Portuguesepara que, vindo de improviso, não vos ache dormindo.   
RumanianTemeyi-vq ca nu cumva, venind fqrq veste, sq vq gqseascq dormind.
RussianЮФП'Щ, ТЙ"С ЧОЕЪБ ОП, ОЕ ОБЫЕМ ЧБУ У СЭЙНЙ.
ShuarNérentin aya aneachmak taa, Kanúu tepai Wáitkiai tusarum aneartarum.
Spanishno sea que cuando vuelva de repente os halle durmiendo.
SwahiliKesheni ili akija ghafla asije akawakuta mmelala.
Swedishvaken, så att han icke finner eder sovande, när han oförtänkt kommer.
UmaJadi', kana mo'inga' mpu'u-ra, apa' uma ra'incai ba nto'uma karata-na pue' tomi, ba ncimonou' -di ba ntongo' bengi-di ba mepulo ngkii ba nto'u eo mehupa'. Nee-neo' mpai' rata ncorobaa-imi pai' narata-ra bula-ra leta'. Wae wo'o kana mo'inga' -inga' -koi, apa' uma ni'incai nto'uma-a rata.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Lest

Derivations

Words ending with "lest": ablest, amplest, arbalest, arbelest, awfullest, beautifulest, blest, brittlest, capablest, carefullest, centralest, cheerfullest, chillest, coolest, cruelest, cruellest, dismalest, dolefullest, drollest, dullest, evilest, evillest, fearfullest, feeblest, fellest, ficklest, foulest, frailest, fruitfullest, fullest, genteelest, gentlest, gracefullest, gratefullest, halest, humblest, idlest, illest, joyfullest, kittlest, littlest, loyalest, micklest, molest, mournfullest, nimblest, noblest, painfullest, palest, peacefullest, pitifullest. (additional references)

Words containing "lest": anticholesterol, arbalests, arbelests, candlestick, candlesticks, celesta, celestas, celeste, celestes, celestial, celestially, celestials, celestite, celestites, cholestases, cholestasis, cholestatic, cholesteric, cholesterol, cholesterols, cholestyramine, cholestyramines, cobblestone, cobblestoned, cobblestones, fiddlestick, fiddlesticks, hypercholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemias, hypercholesterolemic, milestone, milestones, molestation, molestations, molested, molester, molesters, molesting, molests, palestra, palestrae, palestras, polestar, polestars, singlestick, singlesticks, telestic, telestics, unmolested, wafflestomper, wafflestompers. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Lest" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Elst, glest, lasht, lasst, Leatg, lect, lectu, leest, leeste, leet, leit, lensth, leot, lept, lerste, lert, Lesc, Lescht, leseth, lesk, lessa, lessl, lesta, lestai, lestr, leut, lewt, lezi, lezt, lista, listi, listn, listo, listy, lizt, Loesch, lostr, ls, lsd, lse, lsg, lst, Luest, lusit, lyst. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Lest"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "lest" (pronounced le"st)
4l e" s tblessed, blest, Celeste, coalesced, molest.
3-e" s tarrest, abreast, acquiesced, addressed, assessed, attest, behest, bequest, best, breast, chest, compressed, confessed, congest, crest, impressed, depressed, detest, digest, digressed, dispossessed, distressed, divest, dressed, expressed, fessed, finessed, gest, guessed, guest, infest, ingest, invest, jest, messed, nest, northwest, obsessed, oppressed, pest, possessed, pressed, Prest, professed, progressed, quest, rearrest, reassessed, recessed, reinvest, repossessed, repressed, request, rest, retest, southwest, stressed, suggest, suppressed, test, transgressed, unaddressed, undressed, unimpressed, unrest, vest, West, wrest, zest.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Lest

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: lets, tels.

Words within the letters "e-l-s-t"

-1 letter: els, let, sel, set, tel.

-2 letters: el, es, et.

 Words containing the letters "e-l-s-t"
 

+1 letter: belts, blest, blets, celts, delts, felts, gelts, islet, istle, least, leets, lefts, lutes, melts, pelts, setal, slate, sleet, slept, smelt, spelt, stale, steal, steel, stela, stele, stile, stole, style, taels, tales, teals, teels, teles, tells, telos, tesla, tiles, toles, tules, welts.

 

+2 letters: ablest, aglets, alates, alerts, alters, artels, betels, bleats, blites, bluest, bluets, botels, bustle, butles, castle, cleats, clefts, closet, culets, delfts, delist, deltas, desalt, eclats, elates, eldest, elects, elints, elites, elutes, enlist, estral, ethyls, exalts, extols, exults, festal, filets, fleets, fliest, flites, flutes, flytes, gleets, halest, haslet, helots, hostel, hotels, hustle, idlest, illest, inlets, islets, istles, itself, ixtles, jostle, justle, ketols, lamest, lasted, laster, latens, latest, lathes, latkes, lattes, laxest, leasts, legist, legits, lentos, lethes, letups, likest, listed, listee, listel, listen, lister, liters, litres, livest, lottes, lowest, lunets, lusted, luster, lustre, lutzes, lysate, metals, molest, motels, nestle, oldest, osteal, ostler, owlets, palest, palets, pastel, pestle, petals, plates, pleats, ratels, relets, relist, result, rustle, sallet, salted, salter, saltie, salute, samlet, select, septal, settle, shelta, shelty, shtetl, silent, silted, sklent, slated, slater, slates, slatey, sleets, sleety, sleuth, sliest, slyest, smelts, solate, solute, spelts, speltz, splent, stable, staled, staler, stales, staple, steals, steels, steely, stelae, stelai, stelar, steles, stelic, stella, sterol, stifle, stiles, stipel, stoled, stolen, stoles, streel, styled, styler, styles, stylet, sublet, subtle, sutler, svelte, tables, talers, tassel, teasel, tellys, telson, tepals, teslas, tholes, tildes, tilers, tinsel, titles, toiles, tousle, towels, tulles, tussle, ulster, valets, veldts, vestal, vilest, voltes.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Familiar
7. Quotations: Historic
8. Quotations: Fiction
9. Quotations: Non-fiction
10. Quotations: Speeches
11. Usage Frequency
12. Expressions
13. Expressions: Internet
14. Translations: Modern
15. Translations: Ancient
16. Bible Trace
17. Abbreviations
18. Acronyms
19. Derivations
20. Rhymes
21. Anagrams
22. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.