Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Fuel |
FuelNoun1. A substance that can be burned to provide heat or power; "more fuel is needed during the winter months"; "they developed alternative fuels for aircraft". Verb1. Provide with fuel; as of aircraft, ships, and cars. 2. Provide with fuel; "Oil fires the furnace". 3. Take in fuel, as of a ship; "The tanker fueled in Bahrain". 4. Stimulate; "fuel the debate on creationism". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "fuel" was first used: 12th century. (references) |
Etymology: Fuel \Fu"el\, noun. [Old French fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, Late Latin focalium, focale, from Latin focus hearth, fireplace, in Late Latin, fire. See Focus.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | Any substance used to produce heat, either by chemical or nuclear reaction, as used, e.g., in a heat engine. See rocket propellant.With a liquid-propellant rocket engine, fuel is ordinarily distinguished from oxidizer where these are separate. (references) |
Bible | Fuel Almost every kind of combustible matter was used for fuel, such as the withered stalks of herbs (Matt. 6:30), thorns (Ps. 58:9; Eccl. 7:6), animal excrements (Ezek. 4:12-15; 15:4, 6; 21:32). Wood or charcoal is much used still in all the towns of Syria and Egypt. It is largely brought from the region of Hebron to Jerusalem. (See COAL.). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Chemical Industry | A material, especially coal, wood, oil, etc. , burnt or used as a source of heat or power. Source: European Union. (references) |
Energy | Any material that can be burned to make energy. (references) |
General | Four broad classes of -- are burned in diesel engines: crude oil, distillates, residuals and natural or by-product gases. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Fuel Adding fuel to fire. Saying or doing something to increase the anger of a person already angry. The French say, "pouring oil on fire." Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mining | A substance that can be economically burned to produce heat energy for domestic or industrial purposes. Fuels include compounds of carbon and hydrogen and exclude other substances that can be burned. Fuels can be subdivided into recent plant fuels, fossil fuels, such as peat and coal, and products of distillation of plant or fossil fuels. According to their state of aggregation, fuels can be subdivided into solid, liquid, andgaseous fuels. (references) |
Public Administration | Any combustible material; sometimes, the term is erroneously applied to gasoline-like substances only. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containing fuels such as petroleum (including natural gas) and coal. The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills and wood or peat burning for heat.
With nuclear power, it makes up the category of nuclear-fossil energy.
When generating electricity, energy from the combustion of fossil fuels is often used to power a turbine. Older generators used steam generated by the burning of the fuel to turn the turbine, but in newer power plants the gases produced by burning of the fuel turn a gas turbine directly. The burning of fossil fuels is the major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases.
Origin
There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. The two theories have been intensely debated since the 1860s, shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum. According to the biogenic theory, fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. The organic molecules associated with these organisms forms a group of chemicals known as kerogens which are then transformed into hydrocarbons by the process of catagenesis. According to the abiogenic theory, fossil fuels are primordial, being part of the Earth as it formed.The abiogenic theory was favored early because in the late 19th century it was believed that the Earth was extremely hot (possibly molten rock) during its formation. This would have precluded the accretion of hydrocarbons, which would have been oxidized into water and carbon dioxide. When it was later discovered that all fossil fuels contain traces of biological debris, the biogenic theory gained strength because no one believed that life (even microbial life) could exist at the depths at which petroleum had been found.
Subsequently, it has become clear that the Earth formed by accretion of cold matter. Microbial life has also been discovered 4.2 kilometers deep in Alaska and 5.2 kilometers deep in Sweden. Further, at least ten bodies in our solar system are thought to contain traces of hydrocarbons. These discoveries led to a revival of the abiogenic theory, popularized by Thomas Gold.
In the middle of the 20th century it was possible to divide supporters of the two theories along geographic lines. Petroleum geologists in the United States and many in Europe favored the biogenic theory whilst those in Russia and also many microbiologists favored the abiogenic theory. The dispute is of more than academic significance, as abiogenic theory suggests that oil is an extremely abundant resource — in fact, that oil reservoirs may often refill from below as they are depleted!
Proponents of the biogenic theory have fought back, arguing from significant advances in the understanding of chemical processes and organic reactions and improved knowledge about the effects of heating and pressure during burial and diagenesis of organic sediments. Biogenesis remains the minority theory. But the abiogenic theorists may have the last laugh, because reports from the field in the U.S. and Middle East suggest that some oil patches are in fact refilling from the bottom.
A limited resource
Fossil fuels are a finite resource, but the alarmist reports from the early 1970s (the 1973 energy crisis) that oil supplies would run out in the 1990s have proven wrong. Significant usage of hydroelectricity and nuclear power and scientific advances have reduced the dependency on fossil fuels, of which household usage has increased nonetheless.Sooner or later we will have to find alternatives (in the form of some kind of renewable energy source), however many people share a viewpoint that the time at which we would run out of fossil fuels is far in the future. As hydrocarbon supplies diminish, prices will rise (the principle of supply and demand). It has therefore been pointed out that higher prices will lead to increased supplies as previously uneconomic sources, such as tar sands or artificial gasolines (which require more expensive production and processing technologies than conventional petroleum reserves) become economically viable.
See also
- Hubbert peak
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fossil fuel."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A fuel is any material that can react to release energy from a potential form into a usable form. In most cases this is just something that will burn.
For example, coal was burnt by steam trains to heat water to provide power, and natural gas is burnt to provide heat to run power plants. However a fuel is not necessarily combustible. For example, in a nuclear reaction a fuel will undergo fission. This still provides a useful source of energy but not via combustion.
Also, in stars (and our sun), hydrogen is the fuel for the nuclear fusion.In the bodies of most animals, the fuel sources are carbohydrate, fat, protein, which supplies the energy for muscles.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fuel."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Fuel is an alternative rock, heavy metal and Gothic rock band.
Discography
Full-Lengths:EPs:
- Sunburn (1998)
- Something like Human (2000)
- Porcelain (1996)
- Hazelton (1997)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fuel (band)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Gasoline (or Petrol) is a petroleum liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons used as fuel in internal combustion engines. The term gasoline is primarily used in English-speaking North America to refer to such a mixture. People in other parts of the English-speaking world use the term petrol for such mixtures.
Chemical Analysis
The vast majority of hydrocarbons present in gasoline are aliphatic ones with number of carbon atoms in the range of 6,7-11,12. Typical gasoline also contains some other organic compounds - aromatic and other unsaturated hydrocarbons, organic ethers, amines and sulfoxides.
Gasoline is a more volatile fuel than diesel or kerosene. The reason for this is not only the base constituents, but the additives that are put into it.
Many of the non-aliphatic hydrocarbons naturally present in gasoline (especially aromatic ones like benzene), as well as many anti-knocking additives, are carcinogenic. Because of this, any large-scale or ongoing leaks of gasoline pose a threat to the public's health should the gasoline reach a public supply of drinking water. The chief risks of such leaks come not from vehicles, but from gasoline delivery truck accidents and leaks from underground storage tanks. Because of this risk, most underground storage tanks now have extensive measures in place to detect and prevent any such leaks.
Octane rating
is a measure of how resistant gasoline is to premature detonation (knocking). It is measured relative to a mixture of isooctane (2,5-dimethylhexane) and n-heptane. So an 87-octane petrol has the same knock resistance as a 87% isooctane/ 13% heptane mixture. Petrol is typically separated from crude oil via distillation, so the mixture of the molecules in the resulting fuel is dependent on the oil used. Romania was a supplier of "light-sweet" crude oil, which, when distilled, resulted in a petrol with an 87 rating. 87 octane was the general benchmark for much of the world, and is the current standard rating for "normal" petrol in the US and Canada.It might seem odd that fuels with higher octane ratings burn less easily, yet are generally considered more powerful. Using a fuel with a higher octane allows the engine to be run at higher compressions, and not have problems with knock. Compression is directly related to power, so engines using higher octane deliver more power, explaining the common misconception. Some high-performance engines are designed to operate at the higher compression levels associated with high octane numbers, and thus demand high-octane gasoline.
History
Lead additives
Because the mixture known as gasoline has a tendency to explode or "knock, lead additives were first blended with fuel in the 1920s, and continued through the 1980s. The most popular one was tetra-ethyl lead. However, with the recognition of the environmental damage caused by the lead, and the incompatibility of lead with catalytic converters, most countries are in the process of phasing out the sale of leaded fuel, and different additives to reduce knocking are now used. Among the most popular ones are aromatic ethers and methanol. There are also additives to reduce internal engine carbon buildups, to increase oxidation, and to allow easier starting in cold climates.
WWII and Octane Story
One interesting historical issue involving octane rating took place during WWII. Germany received the vast majority of their oil from Romania, and set up huge distilling plants in Germany to produce petrol from it. In the US the oil was not "as good" and the oil industry instead had to invest heavily in various expensive boosting systems. This turned out to be a huge blessing in disguise. US industry was soon delivering fuels of ever-increasing octane ratings by adding more of the boosting agents, with cost no longer a factor during wartime. By war's end their aviation fuel was commonly 130 to 150 octane, which could easily be put to use in existing engines to deliver much more power by increasing the compression delivered by the superchargers. The Germans, relying entirely on "good" petrol, had no such industry, and instead had to rely on ever-larger engines to deliver more power. The result is that British and US engines consistently outperformed German ones during the war, playing no small part in the defeat of the Luftwaffe.
See also
- list of automotive fuel brands,
- diesel
- gasoline tax
External Links
- Gasoline FAQ
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gasoline."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Petroleum (from Latin petrus–rock and oleum–oil) or mineral oil. It can be shortened to the prefix petro-, as in "petrodiesel".
Petroleum is a thick, dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. Biological material in rocks starts off largely as a waxy material known as kerogen. Under the influence of heat and pressure, kerogen breaks down first into liquids and to gases. Both the liquid (petroleum) and gas phases (natural gas) tend to migrate through porous rocks until they encounter impermeable beds where packets/pools will tend to collect. After a drilling and pumping process to extract it from the strata, petroleum is refined by distillation. The products include kerosene, benzene, gasoline, paraffin wax, asphalt, etc.
The biological nature of petroleum is not certain. Russian scientists have proposed that petroleum is "abiotic" in nature. The scientific papers can be found here http://www.gasresources.net/ The following paragraph is from the above site.
"The modern Russian-Ukrainian theory of deep, abiotic petroleum origins recognizes that petroleum is a primordial material of deep origin which has been erupted into the crust of the Earth. In short, and bluntly, petroleum is not a "fossil fuel" and has no intrinsic connection with dead dinosaurs (or any other biological detritus) "in the sediments" (or anywhere else)."
Western science has ignored the "proof" supplied by the Russians. Russia is now completely oil self sufficient, lending credence to their claims. If oil is indeed the result of an abiotic geological process, the supply is virtually limitless.
Strictly speaking, petroleum consists entirely of aliphatic hydrocarbons, those composed of nothing but hydrogen and carbon.
The four lightest hydrocarbons -- CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), C3H8 (propane) and C4H10 (butane) -- are all gases, boiling at -107°C, -67°C, -43°C, and -18°C, respectively (-161°, -88°, -46°, and -1° degrees F).
The chains in the C5-7 range are all light, easily vaporized, clear naphthas. They are used as solvents, dry cleaning fluids, and other quick-drying products. The chains from C6H14 through C12H26 are blended together and used for gasoline. Kerosene is made up of chains in the C10 to C15 range, followed by diesel fuel/heating oil (C10 to C20) and heavier fuel oils as the ones used in ship engines. These petroleum compounds are all liquid at room temperature.
Lubricating oils and semi-solid greases (including Vaseline®) range from C16 up to C20.
Chains above C20 form solids, starting with paraffin wax, then tar and asphaltic bitumen.
Oil field in California, 1938 Boiling ranges of petroleum atmospheric pressure distillation fractions in degrees centigrade:
Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source (powering the vast majority of automobiles, trucks, trains and ships), and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities. Access to it was a major factor in several military conflicts, including World War Two and the Gulf War. Much of the world's readily accessible reserves are located in the Middle East, a politically unstable region.
- petrol ether: 40 - 70 (used as solvent)
- light petrol: 60 - 100 (automobile fuel)
- heavy petrol: 100 - 150 (automobile fuel)
- light kerosene: 120 - 150 (household solvent and fuel)
- kerosene: 150 - 300 (jet engine fuel)
- gas oil: 250 - 350 (Diesel fuel/ heating)
- lubrication oil: > 300 (engine oil)
- remaining fractions: tar, asphalt, residual fuel
Petroleum history
Petroleum industry was initialized by Edwin Drake in the 1850's, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The industry grew slowly in the 1800s and did not become a real national concern until the early part of the 20th century; the introduction of the internal combusion engine provided a demand that has largely sustained the industry to this day. Early "local" finds like those in Pennsylvania and Ontario were quickly exhausted, leading to "oil booms" in Texas and California. Other countries had sizable oil reserves as a part of their colonial holdings, and started to develop at an industrial level.
Following the 1973 oil crisis there was significant media coverage of oil supply levels. This brought to light the concern that oil is a limited resource that we will eventually run out of, at least as an economically viable energy source. At the time, the most common and popular predictions were always quite dire, and when they did not come true many dismissed all such discussion. The future of petroleum as a fuel remains somewhat controversial. Some would argue that because the total amount of petroleum is finite, the dire predictions of the 1970s have merely been postponed. Others argue that technology will continue to allow for the production of cheap hydrocarbons and that the earth has vast sources of unconventional petroleum reserves in the form of tar sands, bitumen fields, oil shale, and methyl hydrate that will allow for petroleum use to continue for an extremely long period in the future.
The presence of the oil industry has significant social and environmental impacts, both from accidents and from routine activities such as seismic exploration, drilling and the generation of polluting wastes. Oil extraction is expensive and frequently environmentally damaging. Offshort exploration and extraction of oil disturbs the surrounding marine environment. Extraction may involve dredging which stirs up the sea bed killing the sea plants that marine creatures require to survive. Crude oil and refined fuel spills from tanker ship accidents have damaged fragile ecosystems in Alaska, the Galapagos Islands, and many other places. Fortunately, renewable energy source alternatives do exist.
List of Petroleum Companies
- Arbusto Energy
- British Petroleum
- ChevronTexaco
- Exxon Mobil
- Gulf Oil
- Koch Oil
- Shell Oil
- Statoil
- ConocoPhillips
- Total
- Citgo
See also
- Brent
- Crude oil
- Greenhouse gases
- History of the Petroleum Industry
- Hubbert curve
- List of oil-producing states
- Oil field - List of oil fields
- Oil imperialism
- Oil supplies
- Oil well
- OPEC
- Petroleum disasters
- Petroleum crisis
- Renewable energy, specially bioalcohol and biodiesel
- Thermal depolymerization
- Renewable Energy Source
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Petroleum."
Synonyms: FuelSynonyms: combustible (n), combustible material (n), fire (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Aggravation | Add fuel to the fire, add fuel to the flame; fan the flame; (excite); go from bad to worse; (deteriorate). |
Calefaction | Fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of. |
Coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha, fuel oil (fuel); wax, paraffin; residue, tar. | |
Fuel | Noun: fuel, firing, combustible. |
Oil, petroleum, gasoline, high octane gasoline, nitromethane, petrol, gas, juice, gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, number oil, number oil, naphtha; rocket fuel, high specific impulse fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, lox. | |
Increase | Aggrandize; raise, exalt; deepen, heighten; strengthen; intensify, enhance, magnify, redouble; aggravate, exaggerate; exasperate, exacerbate; add fuel to the flame, oleum addere camino, superadd; (add); spread; (disperse). |
Materials | Materials; supplies, munition, fuel, grist, household stuff pabulum; (food); ammunition; (arms); contingents; relay, reinforcement, reenforcement; baggage; (personal property); means; calico, cambric, cashmere. |
Power | Pressure; conductivity; elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism, galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism; atomic power, nuclear power, thermonuclear power; fuel cell; hydraulic power, water power, hydroelectric power; solar power, solar energy, solar panels; tidal power; wind power; attraction; vis inertiae, vis mortua, vis viva; potential energy, dynamic energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit, live rail, live wire. |
Resentment | Cause anger, raise anger; affront, offend; give offense, give umbrage; anger; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose, fret, ruffle, nettle, huff, pique; excite; irritate, stir the blood, stir up bile; sting, sting to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense, inflame, enrage, aggravate, add fuel to the flame, fan into a flame, widen the breach, envenom, embitter, exasperate, infuriate, kindle wrath; stick in one's gizzard; rankle &e.; hit on the raw, rub on the raw, sting on the raw, strike on the raw. |
Violence | Render violent; Adjective: sharpen, stir up, quicken, excite, incite, annoy, urge, lash, stimulate, turn on; irritate, inflame, kindle, suscitate, foment; accelerate, aggravate, exasperate, exacerbate, convulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury; fan the flame; add fuel to the flame, pour oil on the fire, oleum addere camino. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Your Auntie needs fuel. (Auntie Mame; writing credit: Betty Comden; Patrick Dennis) How much fuel do we have (Dawn of the Dead; writing credit: George A. Romero) You can't land on the moon with one healthy fuel cell (Apollo 13; writing credit: Jim Lovell; Jeffrey Kluger) My father has been working for several years on a project to extract fuel from potatoes (Kill and Kill Again; writing credit: John Crowther) The chemical energy keeps my fuel cells charged (Futurama; writing credit: Lance Smith; Carl Colpaert) | |
Lyrics | Chrome wheeled, fuel injected ("Born to Run"; performing artist: Bruce Springsteen) I could use a little fuel myself (All Star; performing artist: Smash Mouth) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Part 4: Handle with Care: From Compound to Aircraft Aviation Fuel Handling (1954) Fuel Conservation (1942) The Fuel of Life (1917) | |
Song Titles | Bad Day (performing artist: Fuel) Hemorrhage (In My Hands) (performing artist: Fuel) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Analog Computing Machine in Fuel Systems Building. Credit: NASA. |  | Pier erected by camping party at Mist Harbor Used to offload fuel for launches Party off of C&GS Ship PATTERSON. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Picking up pilot and radio operator from recon airplane off Oahu Plane ran out of fuel and landed on water searching for Japanese fleet Picked up by EXPLORER 3 days after Pearl Harbor. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Looking ahead from on top of a tractor-pulled wanigan. Large round tires carried fuel. McMurdo Station to South Pole traverse. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Large stand built of welded fuel barrels set as navigation aid on way to South Pole. McMurdo Station to South Pole traverse. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Fuel pumps for fishing vessels at the commercial piers. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | No. 1 engine loitered during mission to conserve fuel. Credit: Flying With NOAA. |  | The fuel depot at Colonia - the capital city of Yap. Credit: Small World. |
 | The view from the fuel pier at Balboa. Credit: Small World. |  | F-15 Eagle takes on fuel from a KC-10A Extender. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Aviation Fuel Truck" by Peter Skadberg Commentary: "Fuel truck tm removed. Use is free. Contact is required. Will respond to email within 24 hours." | "Charger Cap" by John Sanderson Commentary: "Notice the surface development in the reflections... integrate nicely with the stripe and fuel filler." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Ignite; fire; flame; lighter; lighting; flicking; flint; fuel. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Johann Gottfried Von Herder | Without inspiration the best powers of the mind remain dormant, they is a fuel in us which needs to be ignited with sparks. |
Thomas Fuller | Contentment consist not in adding more fuel, but in taking away some fire. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | He was obliged to sit close to it, and brood over it, before he could extract the least sensation of warmth from such a handful of fuel. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Burn coffee for fuel in the ships |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | My bed was the same dry grass and seaweed which I intended for fuel. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | It were well, he said, to be there early, and anticipate certain indistinct but wholly unjust claims on the score of ground rent and fuel. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | This causes the body to increase its utilization of fats as a fuel source. (references) | |
Mitochondria are essential organelles found in all animal cells that convert the energy in food into fuel for the cells. (references) | ||
When the process of gas exchange is faulty, there is not enough oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia) to fuel the body’s metabolic activity. (references) | ||
Business | Waste oil can be burnt as a fuel after treatment. (references) | |
Fuel oil and gas are the primary energy sources in Singapore. (references) | ||
Industrial electric, fuel and manual lift-trucks, hand trucks. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Korea | The regime tightly controls access to civilian aircraft, trains, buses, food, and fuel. (references) |
Israel and the occupied territories | These "internal" closures impede the flow of goods, including food and fuel, and persons. (references) | |
Liberia | Television is limited to those who can purchase sets, the generators, and fuel to provide electricity. (references) | |
Economic History | Laos | FUEL IS THE LEADING IMPORT. (references) |
Qatar | All these industries use gas for fuel. (references) | |
Malawi | Malawi must import all its fuel products. (references) | |
Human Rights | Ghana | In November 2000, police shot and killed an alleged fuel smuggler in the Afedido in the Volta Region. (references) |
Sri Lanka | The LTTE expropriates food, fuel, and other items meant for IDP's, thus exacerbating the plight of such persons in LTTE-controlled areas. (references) | |
Cameroon | Nyemeck, who had observed several gendarmes trying to extort diesel fuel from one of the drivers, intervened on behalf of the truck driver. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Ecuador | Indigenous groups demanded a freeze in the price of fuel, increased social spending, and subsidies for cooking gas and transportation. (references) |
Minorities | Burma | Animosities between the country's many ethnic minorities and the Burman majority, which has dominated the Government and the armed forces since independence, continued to fuel active insurgencies that resulted in many killings and other serious abuses during the year. (references) |
Political Economy | HAITI | Utility prices and pump prices for fuel are probably the only exceptions to the rule. (references) |
Trade | Maldives | The STO also controls the import and resale of jet fuel. (references) |
Bulgaria | For 2001, the list is only five commodities, including kerosene and fuel oil. (references) | |
Eritrea | It maintains an excise tax of 40 percent on gasoline and 25 percent on diesel fuel. (references) | |
Travel | Guinea | The inadequate electric supply increases housing costs by adding generator and fuel costs. (references) |
Ghana | Charges are approximately USD 50-80 per day, excluding fuel expenses, for chauffeur-driven cars. (references) | |
Nigeria | Domestic airline schedules are fairly reliable and lack of aviation fuel can delay or cancel flights. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Guatemala | An investigation continued into the June 2000 killing of Oswald Monzon Lima, the Secretary General of a fuel drivers' union. (references) |
Zimbabwe | The Government and the ZCTU clashed sharply on economic policy, particularly on a 70 percent increase in the price of fuel in June. (references) | |
Uganda | Children walk back and forth across the unguarded borders, transporting small amounts of fuel, sugar, coffee, or other commodities. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TARIFF, n. A scale of taxes on imports, designed to protect the domestic producer against the greed of his consumer. The Enemy of Human Souls Sat grieving at the cost of coals; For Hell had been annexed of late, And was a sovereign Southern State. "It were no more than right," said he, "That I should get my fuel free. The duty, neither just nor wise, Compels me to economize -- Whereby my broilers, every one, Are execrably underdone. What would they have? -- although I yearn To do them nicely to a turn, I can't afford an honest heat. This tariff makes even devils cheat! I'm ruined, and my humble trade All rascals may at will invade: Beneath my nose the public press Outdoes me in sulphureousness; The bar ingeniously applies To my undoing my own lies; My medicines the doctors use (Albeit vainly) to refuse To me my fair and rightful prey And keep their own in shape to pay; The preachers by example teach What, scorning to perform, I teach; And statesmen, aping me, all make More promises than they can break. Against such competition I Lift up a disregarded cry. Since all ignore my just complaint, By Hokey-Pokey! I'll turn saint!" Now, the Republicans, who all Are saints, began at once to bawl Against his competition; so There was a devil of a go! They locked horns with him, tete-a-tete In acrimonious debate, Till Democrats, forlorn and lone, Had hopes of coming by their own. That evil to avert, in haste The two belligerents embraced; But since 'twere wicked to relax A tittle of the Sacred Tax, 'Twas finally agreed to grant The bold Insurgent-protestant A bounty on each soul that fell Into his ineffectual Hell. Edam Smith |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | Rich or poor, free or enslaved, north or south, oil is literally the fuel of the engine of human activity. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | To this may be added all kinds of fuel and provisions. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | In the end, the crucial effort is one of purpose, requiring the fuel of finance but also a torch of idealism. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | The decision to continue supply of nuclear fuel to the Indian Tarapur reactors was sensitive to this effort. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | By deregulating oil, we have come closer to achieving energy independence and helped bring down the costs of gasoline and heating fuel. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | All over the world, people are being torn asunder by racial, ethnic, and religious conflicts that fuel fanaticism and terror. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Fuel" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.50% of the time. "Fuel" is used about 4,209 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.5% | 4,188 | 2,350 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.43% | 18 | 82,615 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.05% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.02% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,209 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "fuel" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Fuel | Last name | 200 | 40,718 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| USA | Electric Fuel Corporation |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "fuel": add fuel to ♦ add fuel to the fire ♦ add fuel to the flame ♦ artificial fuel ♦ atomic fuel ♦ biomass fuel ♦ cluster of fuel elements ♦ composite fuel ♦ depleted fuel ♦ derv fuel ♦ diesel fuel ♦ dry pulverised fuel firing ♦ economical use of fuel ♦ emulsified fuel ♦ enriched fuel ♦ exotic fuel ♦ failed fuel element ♦ failed fuel element monitor ♦ fluidized fuel reactor ♦ fossil fuel ♦ fuel as mined ♦ fuel backdraw ♦ fuel booster pump ♦ fuel break ♦ fuel briquette ♦ fuel bundle ♦ fuel capacity ♦ fuel cartridge ♦ fuel cell ♦ fuel channel ♦ fuel chips ♦ fuel cluster ♦ fuel consumption ♦ fuel consumption meter ♦ fuel control body ♦ fuel depot ♦ fuel dump valve ♦ fuel dumping ♦ fuel feed ♦ fuel filter ♦ fuel gage ♦ fuel gas ♦ fuel gases ♦ fuel gauge ♦ fuel grade ♦ fuel indicator ♦ fuel injection ♦ fuel injection system ♦ fuel injector ♦ fuel jettison ♦ fuel jettisoning ♦ fuel level ♦ fuel line ♦ fuel oil ♦ fuel oil combustion ♦ Fuel Oils ♦ fuel pod ♦ fuel process cell ♦ fuel pump ♦ fuel reprocessing ♦ fuel shipping cask ♦ fuel storage pool cooling system ♦ fuel supply ♦ fuel system ♦ fuel tank ♦ fuel throughput charge ♦ fuel to the flames ♦ fuel up ♦ galled fuel ♦ high specific impulse fuel ♦ hydrocarbon fuel ♦ hypergolic fuel ♦ impoverished fuel ♦ injection fuel ♦ irradiated fuel ♦ irradiated fuel inspection station ♦ jet fuel ♦ jet fuel spillage ♦ leaded fuel ♦ lighter fuel ♦ liquid fuel ♦ living fuel ♦ local deformation of fuel cladding ♦ microbial fuel cell ♦ nuclear fuel ♦ oil fuel ♦ oxygenated fuel ♦ patent fuel ♦ pulverised fuel ash ♦ pulverised fuel boiler ♦ pulverised fuel firing with dry ash removal ♦ pulverised fuel firing with slagging ash removal ♦ pulverized fuel ♦ pulverized fuel boiler ♦ raw fuel ♦ raw fuel output ♦ Recycling of Automobile Fuel Tanks ♦ refill of fuel ♦ reload fuel ♦ rocket fuel ♦ run of mine fuel. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "fuel": fuel-air mixture, fuel-based, fuel-burn, fuel-burning, Fuel-can, fuel-carrier, fuel-clad, fuel-consuming, fuel-consumption, fuel-contaminated, fuel-cycle, fuel-dump, fuel-dumps, fuel-economy, fuel-effect, fuel-efficiency, fuel-efficient, fuel-gathering, fuel-gauge, fuel-gauges, fuel-generated, fuel-guzzling, fuel-hungry, fuel-in, fuel-inefficient, fuel-inject, fuel-injected, fuel-injection, fuel-injection motor, fuel-laden, fuel-life, fuel-oil, fuel-oxidant, fuel-powered, fuel-pricing, fuel-rationing, fuel-rich, fuel-rod, fuel-rods, fuel-saving, fuel-store, fuel-system, fuel-tanker, fuel-tanks, fuel-wise, fuel-wood. | |
Ending with "fuel": fossil-fuel, non-fuel, re-fuel. | |
Containing "fuel": one-fuel-pump-per-cylinder. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
fuel | 1,417 | hydrogen fuel | 92 |
fuel cell | 1,232 | electric fuel pump | 91 |
ripped fuel | 874 | marine fuel tank | 90 |
fuel tank | 417 | fuel band | 89 |
fuel economy | 391 | racing fuel | 89 |
fuel saver tornado | 382 | fuel additive | 87 |
fuel pump | 380 | national fuel | 85 |
fossil fuel | 328 | carter fuel pump | 83 |
fuel injection | 296 | fuel oil | 82 |
fuel injectors | 258 | fuel pressure regulator | 81 |
hydrogen fuel cell | 243 | vp racing fuel | 81 |
diet fuel | 221 | fuel cell car | 79 |
fuel filter | 189 | ripped fuel extreme | 79 |
fuel tanker | 176 | fuel cell technology | 77 |
fuel lyrics | 155 | rip fuel | 77 |
diesel fuel | 152 | fuel injector | 76 |
alternative fuel | 144 | boat fuel tank | 75 |
fuel saver | 116 | twinlab ripped fuel | 70 |
top fuel | 100 | fuel price | 70 |
auxiliary fuel tank | 94 | fuel efficient car | 64 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "fuel"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | brandstof. (various references) | |
Albanian | lëndë djegëse (combustibles), karburant, benzinë (gas, gasoline, juice, petrol). (various references) | |
Arabic | مزود بالوقود, مدعوم, وقود (fire), تزود بالوقود (tank up), زود بالوقود, دعم (back, back up, backing, backup, bolster, boost, buttress, carry, consolidate, encourage, encouragement, favor, favour, hold, prop, put up, reinforce, rest, second, shore, stanchion, stand up for, stick by, subsidize, support, take sides, truss, underpin, uphold, upholding). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | снабдявам (accommodate, arm, cater, feed, find, fit out, fit up, furnish, issue, outfit, provide, purvey, rig out, set up, stock, suit, supply), храна (aliment, board, boarding, chow, chuck, diet, dietary, eating, edibles, fare, feed, fodder, food, meal, meat, nourishment, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, provender, rations, scran, sustenance, tack, viands, victuals), топливо, гориво (combustibles, firing, fuelling), зареждам с гориво, поддържам (adhere, atlas, back, bear, buoy, carry, contend, expound, favour, feed, help on, hold, hold up, keep, keep up, maintain, nourish, play along, ply, promote, prop up, pull for, retain, run, service, side with, stand for, stand in with, support, sustain, take, upbear, uphold, vindicate, vouch). (various references) | |
Chinese | 燃料 . (various references) | |
Czech | zásobit palivem, topivo, stimulovat (boost, innervate, invigorate, motivate, stimulate), pohonná hmota, palivo, otop, natankovat (refuel, take in, tank), benzín (gas, gasoline, juice, petrol). (various references) | |
Danish | brændsel. (various references) | |
Dutch | brandstof, stookmateriaal. (various references) | |
Esperanto | hejtaĵo, brulaĵo. (various references) | |
Farsi | غذا (Cuisine, Dish, Foster, Meal, Meat, Nourishment, Nurture, Nutrition, Provender, Viand), تقویت (Abet, Amplification, Fortification, Nutrition, Reinforcement, Revival, Support), تحریک کردن (Actuate, Agitate, Annoy, Arouse, Bestir, Edge, Egg, Excite, Ginger, Goad, Hypo, Incense, Incite, Instigate, Motivate, Move, Pique, Prick, Prime, Provoke, Stimulate), تجدیدنیروکردن (Reinvigorate), سوخت گیری کردن , سوخت (Combustion, Stoker), اغذیه (Board). (various references) | |
Finnish | polttoaine. (various references) | |
French | carburant (engine fuel), combustible. (various references) | |
Frisian | branje. (various references) | |
German | treibstoff (propellant, propellent), brennstoff (engine fuel, forest fuels, motor gasoline, motor spirit), kraftstoff (engine fuel, gas, gasoline, motor gasoline, motor spirit, petrol), brennmaterial, benzin (benzine, gas, gasoline, gasoline [AE], lighter fuel, petrol). (various references) | |
Greek | καύσιμα (combustibles), καύσιμο (combustible). (various references) | |
Hebrew | דלק (oil). (various references) | |
Hungarian | üzemanyag (fuelling, gas, juice, propellant), tüzelőanyag (firing), fűtőanyag (firing). (various references) | |
Indonesian | bahan bakar. (various references) | |
Italian | carburante (propellant), combustibile (combustible), benzina (benzine, gas, gasolene, gasoline, petrol). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 薪炭 (wood and charcoal), 薪 (firewood, kindling). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たきぎ (firewood, kindling), しんたん (abyss, ancient Indian name for China, heart, wood and charcoal), ねんりょう. (various references) | |
Korean | 연료. (various references) | |
Manx | pedryl (gasolene, juice, petrol), lhieeney (billow, blow up, charge, charge as battery, cover in, fill, fill in, fill out, flood tide, flow, inset, load, make, make of tide, pad, rise, saturate, spasm, wax, wax as moon), cur conney er. (various references) | |
Norwegian | drivstoff, brensel. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | uelfay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | combustível (burnable, combustible, firing, flammable). (various references) | |
Romanian | combustibil (combustible, firing), carburant (combustible, petrol). (various references) | |
Russian | снабжать топливом/ топливо, топливо (combustibles, fire wood, fuels), горючее (combustibles, fuelling, gas). (various references) | |
Scottish | connadh (firewood). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | snabdeti se gorivom, ogrev, gorivo (fuelling, propellant). (various references) | |
Spanish | combustible (combustible, inflammable), carburante (propellant). (various references) | |
Swedish | bränsle (combustible, firing). (various references) | |
Thai | เชื้อเพลิง, เติมน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิง, กระตุ้น (arouse, awake, awaken, egg on, energize, goad, goad into, goad on, lash, make, move, push, quicken, spur), ตัวกระตุ้น. (various references) | |
Turkish | yakacak (firing), yakıt sağlamak, yakıt almak (bunker), yakıt (combustible), benzin doldurmak (fuel up), benzin (benzine, benzoline, gas, gasolene, gasoline, juice, petrol). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | заправлятися пальним, пальне (combustible), паливо (firewood). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | nhiên liệu cái khích động lửa cháy đổ thêm dầu, chất đốt. (various references) | |
Welsh | tanwydd (firewood), gosgymon, cynnud (firewood). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | cibi, cibis, cibo, ciborum, ciborumque, cibos, cibum, cibus, materia, materiem, pabula, pabulum. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | aêsma. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | feuaile. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Isaiah Chapter 9, Verse 5 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Oti paidion egennhqh hmin uioV kai edoqh hmin ou h arch egenhqh epi tou wmou autou kai kaleitai to onoma autou megalhV boulhV aggeloV egw gar axw eirhnhn epi touV arcontaV eirhnhn kai ugieian autw |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Quia omnis violenta praedatio cum tumultu et vestimentum mixtum sanguine erit in conbustionem et cibus ignis |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | For eche violent reuyng with noise, and clothing mengd with blod shal be in to brennyng, and mete of fyr. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | For every boot of the man of war with his sounding step, and the clothing rolled in blood, will be for burning, food for the fire. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Isaiah Chapter 9, Verse 5 |
| Cebuano | Kay ang tibook hinagiban sa tawo nga sangkap sa hinagiban didto sa kagubut, ug ang mga saput nga gilimisan sa dugo, pagasunogon, nga igasugnod sa kalayo. |
| Croatian | Jer, dijete nam se rodilo, sina dobismo; na pleæima mu je vlast. Ime mu je: Savjetnik divni, Bog silni, Otac vjeèni, Knez mironosni. |
| Danish | ja, hver en Støvle, der tramper i Striden, og Kappen, der søles i Blod, skal brændes og ende som Luernes Rov. |
| Finnish | Sillä lapsi on meille syntynyt, poika on meille annettu, jonka hartioilla on herraus, ja hänen nimensä on: Ihmeellinen neuvonantaja, Väkevä Jumala, Iankaikkinen isä, Rauhanruhtinas. |
| German | Denn alle Rüstung derer, die sich mit Ungestüm rüsten, und die blutigen Kleider werden verbrannt und mit Feuer verzehrt werden. |
| Hungarian | Mert a vitézek harczi saruja és a vérbe fertõztetett öltözet megég, és tûznek eledele lészen; |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Karena seorang Putera sudah jadi bagi kita, seorang anak laki-laki sudah dikaruniakan kepada kita, bahwa pertuanan adalah di atas bahunya dan namanyapun disebut oranglah Ajaib, Bicara, Allah yang Mahakuasa, Bapa kekekalan, Raja salam. |
| Italian | Poiché un bambino è nato per noi, ci è stato dato un figlio. Sulle sue spalle è il segno della sovranità ed è chiamato: Consigliere ammirabile, Dio potente, Padre per sempre, Principe della pace; |
| Maori | Ko nga mea whawhai katoa hoki a te tangata whawhai mo te ngangau, ko nga kakahu i okeokea ki te toto, hei tahunga ena, hei kai ma te ahi. |
| Norwegian | for hver krigssko som er båret i slagtummelen, og hvert klæsplagg som er tilsølt med blod, skal brennes op og bli til føde for ilden. |
| Portuguese | Porque todo calçado daqueles que andavam no tumulto, e toda capa revolvida em sangue serão queimados, servindo de pasto ao fogo. |
| Rumanian | Cqci orice kncqlyqminte purtatq kn knvqlmqwala luptei, wi orice hainq de rqzboi tqvqlitq kn sknge, vor fi aruncate kn flqcqri, ca sq fie arse de foc. |
| Spanish | Todo calzado del que marcha con estruendo y el manto revolcado en sangre serán para quemar, pasto para el fuego. |
| Swedish | Och skon som krigaren bar i stridslarmet, och manteln som sölades i blod, allt sådant skall brännas upp och förtäras av eld. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "fuel": fueled, fueler, fuelers, fueling, fuelled, fueller, fuellers, fuelling, fuels, fuelwood, fuelwoods. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "fuel": monofuel, nonfuel, refuel, synfuel. (additional references) | |
Words containing "fuel": monofuels, refueled, refueling, refuelled, refuelling, refuels, synfuels. (additional references) | |
| |
"Fuel" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: fael, Fagel, faxel, Fehl, fel, felg, felp, feuo, feuv, Feux, fewell, fewl, fgel, Fiegl, fiel, fielg, Figel, fjell, flugel, fole, forel, fowel, frel, ftel, fube, fucl, fudel, fue, fued, fuem, Fuer, fuev, fugel, fugl, fuhe, fui, fuje, fule, funel, ouel, tuel, uel, ufe, ufl, ufu, vuel, yuel. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "fuel" (pronounced fyuw"ul or fyuw"l) |
| 5 | f y uw" u l | refuel. |
| 3 | -uw" u l | accrual, crewel, cruel, dual, duel, gruel, jewel, nonaccrual, renewal. |
| 3 | -y uw" l | Buhl, mule, Yule. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: flue. | |
| Words within the letters "e-f-l-u" | |
-1 letter: elf, feu, flu, leu. | |
-2 letters: ef, el. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-f-l-u" | |
+1 letter: flued, flues, fluke, flume, flute, fuels, fugle, fusel. | |
+2 letters: befoul, begulf, duffel, duffle, earful, efflux, engulf, eyeful, fecula, ferula, ferule, feudal, fleury, fluent, fluked, flukes, flukey, flumed, flumes, fluted, fluter, flutes, flutey, fluxed, fluxes, fouled, fouler, fuddle, fueled, fueler, fugled, fugles, fulled, fuller, fumble, funnel, furled, furler, fusels, fusile, futile, gulfed, ireful, luffed, muffle, purfle, reflux, refuel, rueful, ruffle, unfelt, useful, waeful, woeful. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Translations: Ancient 22. Bible Trace 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
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