Flight

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Flight

Definition: Flight

Flight

Noun

1. A formation of aircraft in flight.

2. An instance of traveling by air; "flying was still an exciting adventure for him".

3. A stairway (set of steps) between one floor or landing and the next.

4. The act of escaping physically; "he made his escape from the mental hospital"; "the canary escaped from its cage"; "his flight was an indication of his guilt".

5. An air force unit smaller than a squadron.

6. Passing above and beyond ordinary bounds; "a flight of fancy"; "flights of rhetoric"; "flights of imagination".

7. The path followed by an object moving through space.

8. A flock of flying birds.

9. A scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; "I took the noon flight to Chicago".

Verb

1. Shoot a bird in flight.

2. Fly in a flock, as of wild geese.

3. Decorate with feathers, as of an arrow or dart.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "flight" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Flight

DomainDefinition

Aerospace

1. The movement of an object through the atmosphere or through space, sustained by aerodynamic, aerostatic, or reaction forces, or by orbital speed; especially, the movement of a man-operated or man-controlled device, such as a rocket, a space probe, a space vehicle, or aircraft.2. An instance of such a movement. (references)

Building & Civil Engineering

An ininterrupted succession of steps between landings. Source: European Union. (references)

Dream Interpretation

To dream of flight, signifies disgrace and unpleasant news of the absent.
For a young woman to dream of flight, indicates that she has not kept her character above reproach, and her lover will throw her aside.
To see anything fleeing from you, denotes that you will be victorious in any contention. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted ....

Mining

A. The metal strap or crossbar attached to the drag chain of a chain-and-flight conveyor. (references)

Physics

The movement of an object through the atmosphere or through space, sustained by aerodynamic, aerostatic, or reaction forces, or by orbital speed; especially, the movement of a man-operated or man-controlled device, such as a rocket, a space probe, a space vehicle, or an aircraft. Source: European Union. (references)

Transportation

A departure from a specified airport towards a specified destination airport. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Flight

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Flight is the process of flying: either movement through the air by aerodynamically generating lift or aerostatically using buoyancy, or movement beyond Earth's atmosphere by spacecraft.

Animal flight

The most successful groups of living things that fly are insects, birds, and bats. Each of these groups' wings evolved separately from different structures.

Pterosaurs were a group of flying vertebrates contemporaneous with the dinosaurs.

All bats fly, and bats are the only mammals capable of true flight. However, there are several gliding mammals which are able to volplane from tree to tree by making use of fleshy membranes between their limbs: some can travel hundreds of metres in this way with very little loss of height. Flying tree frogs use greatly enlarged webbed feet for a similar purpose, and there are flying lizards which employ their unusually wide, flattened rib-cages to the same end.

Flying fish can glide using enlarged wing-like fins, and have been observed soaring for hundreds of metres using the updraft on the leading edges of waves. It is thought that they evolved this ability to help them escape from underwater predators.

Most birds fly, with some notable exceptions. The largest birds, the ostrich and the emu, are earthbound, as were the now-extinct dodos, while the non-flying penguins have adapted their wings for use under water. Most small flightless birds are native to relatively small islands, and lead a lifestyle such that flight confers little advantage and involves substantial costs.

Among the millions of species of insects, many do not fly.

Among living animals that fly, the wandering albatross has the greatest wingspan, up to 3.5 metres (11.5 feet), and the trumpeter swan perhaps the greatest weight, 17 kilograms (38 pounds).

Fictional: Dumbo, the flying elephant.

Mechanical flight

Flying machines are aircraft, including aeroplanes, helicopters, airships and balloons, and spacecraft.

In the case of an aeroplane flight involves

The same applies for other flying machines and flying animals, except for the taxiing.

See also

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Flight simulator

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A flight simulator is a system that tries to replicate, or simulate, the experience of flying an airplane as closely and realistically as possible. There are various different types of flight simulator, ranging from home entertainment software packages, right up to fullsize cockpit replicas mounted on hydraulic rams, controlled by state of the art computer technology.

Flight simulators are extensively used by the aviation industry and the military for pilot training and disaster simulation. In the early 2000s, even home entertainment flight simulators become so realistic that after the tragedies of September the 11th 2001, some journalists and experts speculated that the hijackers might have gained enough knowledge to steer a passenger airliner from packages such as Microsoft Flight Simulator.

It should be pointed out that the advent of flight simulators as home video game entertainment has propelled many users to become airplane designers for these systems. As such, they may create both military or commercial airline airplanes, and they may even use names of real life airlines, as long as they don't make profits out of their designs. Many other home flight simulator users create their personal, virtual version of their favorite real world airline, and so virtual airlines such as Virtual Delta, Mexicana Virtual, Virtual Aeroflot, Viasa Virtual and so on can be found online.

Home flight simulation software

See also: Avsim.com

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Flight simulator."

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Kegworth air disaster

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Kegworth Air Disaster occured on January 8, 1989, when a Boeing 737-400, G-OBME owned by British Midland crashed onto the embankment of the M1 motorway, short of the runway of East Midlands airport, Leicestershire, close to the village of Kegworth.

47 of the 118 passengers lost their lives (39 at the scene, 8 later). All eight of the flight crew survived the accident. Of the 79 survivors, 5 had minor injuries and 74 were seriously injured. Surprisingly, no one on the motorway was hurt (and no vehicles damaged).

The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Heathrow airport to Belfast in Northern Ireland, the attempted unscheduled landing at East Midlands being due to an in-flight emergency which had occurred.

After take-off from Heathrow, the aircraft was climbing through 28,000 feet when there was a failure of the no.1 engine due to a turbine blade detachment. Subsequently, the crew misidentified the failed engine and shut down the correctly functioning no. 2 engine. With little power, the aircraft did not have the available range to reach the emergency destination airport, and hit the ground short of the runway while attempting to land. The damaged no. 1 engine continued to run and provided some power, but because the crew were unaware that they had shut down the wrong engine, did not appreciate that they were flying on the single, damaged engine. The aircraft would otherwise have been capable of flying safely to the diversion airport on one engine.

After the initial engine failure, the crew were aware of a smoke smell and abnormal vibration, as well as numerous cockpit warnings. It is unclear what led the pilots to identify the failed engine as no. 2, and they had no way to visually check the engines from the cockpit. Several cabin staff and passengers did notice that the no. 1 engine was on fire, but this information was not passed to the flight crew. When the pilots shut down the no. 2 engine, the vibration and smoke smell ceased immediately, which confirmed in their minds that they had dealt with the problem. As it turned out, this was simply a fateful coincidence.

Evaluation of the injuries sustained led to considerable improvements in aircraft safety and emergency instructions for passengers. The official report into the disaster made 31 safety recommendations.

There is a memorial to "those who died, those who were injured and those who took part in the rescue operation", in the village cemetery in nearby Kegworth, together with a garden made using soil from the crash site.

External Links

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Munich air disaster

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Munich air disaster happened on February 6, 1958, when a British European Airways Airspeed AS57 Ambassador charter aircraft (G-ALZU 'Lord Burghley'), carrying players and backroom staff of Manchester United F.C, plus a number of journalists and supporters, crashed in a blizzard on its third attempt to take off from Munich airport.

United were returning from Belgrade where they had just beaten Red Star Belgrade in the European Cup and had stopped off at Munich for re-fuelling.

Twenty-three of the forty-three passengers on board the aircraft lost their lives in the disaster.

Victims

Manchester United players

Other victims

Survivors

Manchester United players

Other survivors

External links

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Staines air disaster

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

On June 18th, 1972, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident 1B, G-ARPI, of British European Airways (BEA) crashed two minutes after takeoff from Heathrow Airport, killing all 118 passengers and crew on board. The crash, which occured close to the West London satellite town of Staines, was, until the Lockerbie disaster of 1988, the worst aircrash to have occurred on British soil.

The aircraft "Papa India" was on a scheduled flight from London to Brussels under the command of Captain Key. During the climb-out from Heathrow, the aircraft was flown at too low a speed, and the leading-edge lift-augmentation droops were prematurely retracted, which led to a series of stalls. The condition was not recognised quickly by the pilots despite the operation of the stick shaker, and the aircraft quickly entered a deep stall, from which there was no possibility of recovery. The aircraft rapidly descended in a high nose-up attitude until striking the ground close to the King George reservoirs on the outskirts of Staines. Unusually, there was no fire on impact.

The question facing the accident investigators was what actually caused the crash - while the reason for the stall was easily determined, after extensive examination of the wreckage and flight recorder, no evidence of any malfunction could be found. However there was an industrial dispute in progress at the time, between the pilot's union BALPA and the airline, BEA. Among the wreckage of Papa India was found a crew table on which was scribbled some offensive graffitti directed at the captain. Prior to the flight, there had been a heated argument in the flight crew room about the desirability or otherwise of strike action, and Captain Key had been involved. An autopsy of the captain revealed some long-standing heart disease, but no actual evidence of a heart-attack or other incapacitation, but the possibility of this, especially given the earlier confrontation, could not be discounted altogether. The official report also examined a number of crew-interaction aspects which it found wanting, Clearly, somebody had moved the droop retraction lever while the aircraft was at too low a speed, but it was impossible to determine who had done it or why. This error would not have caused a crash if it had been quickly recognised and corrected, but this was not done - and in fact the automatic systems that engaged to warn the pilots and correct the stall were overridden, possibly because a number of previous false activations had led the pilots to treat the system as unreliable.

Ultimately the true cause of the accident could not be determined, but the AAIB (Air Accidents Investigation Board) made a series of recommendations regarding operation of the Trident, crew training, cockpit voice recorders and medical examinations which could all have been factors.

See Also

The official AAIB formal report

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Staines air disaster."

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Wright Brothers flights of 1909

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

It was an interesting trip, and at times rather exciting.
-Wilbur Wright

The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were of course the innovative duo that helped to invent the modern aeroplane. They were among the first people to fly and definitely the very first to fly a canoe around the Statue of Liberty.

On December 17, 1903 they achieved a very well known flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. However, this entry examines the somewhat less well-known, but altogether still important flights of late September and early October 1909.

After news of their successes in flight had grown, Wilbur was approached by the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Committee, a New York group whose purpose was to celebrate 300 years of history, including Henry Hudson discovering Manhattan and Robert Fulton testing the steam engine. The committee wanted the Wrights to demonstrate flights over the water around New York City. Orville was in Germany, so Wilbur would do the flights alone.

Interestingly, another acclaimed aviator, Glenn Curtiss had agreed to participate. He had recently set the world speed record, and the Wrights had just filed suit against him for patent infringement of their control systems. In fact, the public's anticipation was fueled by news of the patent disputes. These flights, to the audience of nearly a million, would be a show down between the two flyers.

They both were scheduled to make a series of flights. On September 29, 1909, Wilbur made a famous flight on the Wright Flyer III around the Statue of Liberty. To the amazement of the crowd, there was a red canoe attatched to the bottom of the aeroplane's skis during this flight. This was due to the risk of going over water. Wilbur reasoned that if there were any problems, he would use the canoe to float himself to safety. Later on, Orville put this canoe in his house on Hawthorn Hill in Oakwood, Ohio as it reminded him of his and his brother's flights. This first airborn canoe was more recently moved to Carrilon Park in Ohio in the room connected to the Wright Flyer III's pit.

The flights

On September 29, Wilbur took off at 9:15 AM. This flight was in weather Curtiss had been unable to fly in. When Curtiss admitted defeat to the weather, Wilbur is supposed to have said to him, 'It looks pretty good. I think I will take a little spin in a few minutes.' He flew for about two miles, which took a little longer than seven minutes.

Later that day, Wilbur took off again, at 10:18. He flew over a large ocean-liner and directly towards the Statue of Liberty. Many in the crowd thought that he would crash into the statue, but Wilbur rolled the plane away from it. This caused a sensation in the press, and became legendary, despite the flight lasting less than five minutes.

Curtiss was unable to fly and had to go to St. Louis due to a prior agreement. He was supposed to have flown along the Hudson turn around and land at Governor's Island.

On Monday, October 4 Wilbur took off at 9:53 AM. He flew along the Hudson River and around Manhattan. He completed a 42 mile flight and landed at Governor's Island. This was the exact flight that Curtiss had been unable to undertake, and Wilbur did finish it, and rather quickly.

This series of flights marked Wilbur's last to a public audience. An engine problem prevented him from doing any more in the series of flights after October 5, and he stopped. But it marked the beginning of a few new ideas. Not only were the public now interested in aviation, so were the military. Some think that when Wilbur flew over the Hudson it marked the beginning of aerial combat by showing the power and possibility of the aeroplane.

Wilbur was succeeded in one of these flights on May 26th, 2003. The flight around the Statue of Liberty was duplicated by a Dayton Group named 'Wright Flyer B Inc' with a replica of Wright Flyer as a part of the continuing celebrations of the Wright Brothers anniversary.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Wright Brothers flights of 1909."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Flight

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
FLTEnglishFLIGHT format for simulation databasesComputing

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Flight

Synonyms: escape (n), flight of stairs (n), flight of steps (n), flying (n), trajectory (n), fledge (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Flight

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Avoidance

Avolation, flight; escape; retreat; recoil; departure; rejection.

Departure

Noun: departure, decession, decampment; embarkation; outset, start; removal; exit; (egress); exodus, hejira, flight.

Escape

N.escape, scape; avolation, elopement, flight; evasion; (avoidance); retreat; narrow escape, hairbreadth escape; close call; come off, impunity.

Multitude

Noun: mul numerous; Adjective: numerosity, numerality; multiplicity; profusion; (plenty); legion, host; great number, large number, round number, enormous number; a quantity, numbers, array, sight, army, sea, galaxy; scores, peck, bushel, shoal, swarm, draught, bevy, cloud, flock, herd, drove, flight, covey, hive, brood, litter, farrow, fry, nest; crowd; (assemblage); lots; all in the world and his wife.

Navigation

Aerostation, aerostatics, aeronautics; balloonery; balloon; ballooning, aviation, airmanship; flying, flight, volitation; wing, pinion; rocketry, space travel, astronautics, orbital mechanics, orbiting.

Recession

Noun: recession, retirement, withdrawal; retreat; retrocession; departure; recoil; flight; (avoidance).

Velocity

Spurt, rush, dash, race, steeple chase; smart rate, lively rate, swift rate; Adjective: rattling rate, spanking rate, strapping rate, smart pace, lively pace, swift pace, rattling pace, spanking pace, strapping pace; round pace; flying, flight.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Flight

English words defined with "flight": connecting flightdirect flight, domestic flightflight control, flight engineerinternational flightlow level flightnonstop flightterrain flight. (references)
Specialty definitions using "flight": acrobatic flightcharted visual flight procedure approach, coasting flightdirector of flight operations, DIRECTOR, PHOTOGRAMMETRY FLIGHT OPERATIONSfiled flight plan, FLIGHT ATTENDANT, RAMP, flight characteristic, flight dossier, flight forecast-folder, FLIGHT HARDWARE, flight information centre, flight information region, flight log, flight Mach number, FLIGHT OPERATIONS SPECIALIST, flight profile, flight readiness firing, flight space, flight test, flight test vehicle, flight timegliding flight, Goddard Space Flight Centerholding flightinstrument flight rules conditionsjet-borne flightMANAGER, FLIGHT CONTROL, MANAGER, FLIGHT KITCHEN, MANAGER, FLIGHT OPERATIONS, Marshall Space Flight Centerplanned flight, power-assisted flight control, powered flight, propelled flight, proving flightrepetitive flight plansimulated flight, solo flight, solo flight time, special flight, stage of flight, steady flighttest flightvisual flight rules conditions. (references)
Etymologies containing "flight": Volley. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Flight" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Swedish (flight), Tagalog (flight).

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Modern Usage: Flight

DomainUsage

Screenplays

We'd have more luck playing pick-up sticks with our butt-cheeks than we will getting a flight out of here before daybreak (Planes, Trains & Automobiles; writing credit: John Hughes.)

You can take a later flight. (My Best Friend's Wedding; writing credit: Ronald Bass)

Management just walked away from the table; the baggage handlers, pilots and flight attendants are all getting set to walk out in forty-eight hours (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin)

Teeny weeny flight of steps, Sir Wilfrid, we mustn't forget we've had a teeny weeny heart attack (Witness for the Prosecution; writing credit: Agatha Christie; Larry Marcus)

Sorry, this is a one way flight. There's a bathroom in the back (Rat Race; writing credit: Andy Breckman)

Lyrics

Like a bird in flight on a hot sweet night (When Smokey Sings; performing artist: ABC)

He waited his whole damn life to take that flight (Ironic; performing artist: Alanis Morissette)

And the eagle takes to flight. (From a Distance; performing artist: Bette Midler)

Our world, our flight (Born To Be My Baby; performing artist: Bon Jovi)

But deep in the night it's an endless flight (Hard Habit to Break; performing artist: Chicago)

Clever

Sign on a church bulletin board: Planning to go to Heaven? Get your flight training here. (references; author: unknown)

The difference between flight attendants and jet engines is that the engines usually quit whining when they get to the gate. (references; author: unknown)

1968: Watching John Glenn's historic flight with your parents. 1998: Watching John Glenn's historic flight with your children. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

The Disappearance of Flight 412 (1974)

Flight (1974)

The Incredible Flight of the Snow Geese (1973)

Dead of Night: Return Flight (1972)

Family Flight (1972)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Flight

DomainTitle

References

  • Flight Centre Limited: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Aviation Flight Training Equipment and Services in Thailand: A Strategic Entry Report, 1995 (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Plane Insanity: A Flight Attendant's Tales of Sex, Rage, and Queasiness at 30,000 Feet (reference)

  • The Big Book of Air and Space Flight Activities (reference)

  • Space Applications at the Crossroads: Proceedings of Aas Conference Held March 24-25, 1983, at the Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, maryl (reference)

  • Among the Heroes: United Flight 93 and the Passengers and Crew Who Fought Back (reference)

  • Certified Flight Instructor Test Prep 2003: Study and Prepare for the Flight and Ground Instructor, Airplane, Helicopter, Glider, Add-On Ratings, Fundamentals of Instructing, and Designated Pilot Examiner FAA Knowledge Tests (Test Prep series) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  

Music

  

High Tech

  • Combat Flight Simulator 3: Battle for Europe (reference)

  • CH Products 14-Function USB LE Flight Sim Yoke with Hat Switches (reference)

  • CH Products Flight Sim Yoke Gameport14 Functions with 4-way Hat Switch (reference)

  • Saitek J24C X45 Flight Control System (USB) (reference)

  • Magic School Bus Discovers Flight (reference)

    (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

  

Consumer Goods

  • Oneida Flight 53-Piece Stainless Steel Flatware Set, Service for 8 (reference)

  • Oneida Satin Flight 20-Piece Stainless Steel Flatware Set, Service for 4 (reference)

    (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Flight

Photos:
Flight

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Flight

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Flight

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Flight

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Note the shingle-like pattern of the wing, which promotes heightened aerodynamic lift during the insect's flight. Credit: CDC.

UH-60 RASCAL - First Flight Test. Credit: NASA.

UH-60 Blackhawk Flight Tests. Credit: NASA.

This movie depicts the airborne laser altimeter collecting data.  In 1993 and 1994, NASA researchers surveyed the Greenland ice sheet using an airborne laser altimeter. Ten flight lines flown in 1993 in southern Greenland were resurveyed in 1998. Sci. Credit: NASA.

Brown and Glenn on Flight Deck Press Conference. Credit: NASA.

Glenn Photographs from the Flight Deck. Credit: NASA.

Lunar Module test flight from Apollo 9. Credit: NASA.

Galileo being deployed during the STS 34 flight. Credit: NASA.

Data from NOAA GOES satellite. Image produced by DennisChesters, Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA GoddardSpace Flight Center. Credit: NASA.

(Hasler, Chesters, Griswold, Pierce, Palaniappan, Manyin, Summey, Starr,Kenitzer, & de La Beaujardière, Laboratory forAtmospheres, NASA GoddardSpace Flight Center). Credit: NASA.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Flight
 

"Concordes last flight" by Curtis Miller
Commentary: "Concorde flys over London for the last time."
"Flight to Heaven" by Fresia Funk
Commentary: "Another sad picture of my son looking to sky.. flight to heaven sweet angel..."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Flight".

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Obsessively busy accompaniment to an active flight dominated sounds excerpt.Pigeons taking flight.
Science fiction space ship flight music.Man tripping and falling down a flight of stairs.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Flight

AuthorQuotation

Alexis De Tocqueville

The principle of equality does not destroy the imagination, but lowers its flight to the level of the earth.

Napoleon Bonaparte

The only victory over love is flight.

Young

How blessings brighten as they take their flight!

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Flight

TitleAuthorQuote

Scarlet Letter

Hawthorne, Nathaniel

While the procession passed, the child was uneasy, fluttering up and down, like a bird on the point of taking flight.

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

All the facts of life are perpetually in flight before us.

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

And for ages men had gazed upward as he was gazing at birds in flight.

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

A flight of swallows swooped overhead toward some waterhole

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

It was the most ethereal flight I had ever witnessed

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Flight

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Some doctors recommend using decongestant nose drops or inhalers before your flight to avoid this problem. (references)

A team of NIDCD and NASA investigators had previously studied the effects of microgravity exposure on balance control in astronauts who had returned from short-duration space flight missions, but these studies did not include an aged individual. (references)

Business

Presently, PIA operates a flight kitchen in Islamabad, which meets most of the airline's requirements. (references)

The price for an overseas flight to the United States during vacation season averages between $600 and $750 roundtrip. (references)

Karachi-based Midway House Hotel and Airport Hotel also have a flight kitchen and provide service to several foreign carriers. (references)

Civil Liberties

Poland

However, in October, the BRA stated that they no longer would use the internal flight alternative as a reason to deny Chechen asylum applications. (references)

South Africa

The act's regulations, which delineate actual government procedures and responsibilities, became effective in 2000. The act stipulates that no person shall be expelled, extradited, or returned to any other country if he or she face persecution due to race, religion, or political affiliation, or when "his or her life, physical safety, or freedom would be threatened." The act also stipulates that designated refugees lose their status if they voluntarily return to their country of origin, take citizenship of another country, or if the circumstances that caused their flight from the country of origin change. (references)

Economic History

Dominican Rep

The elections caused no significant capital flight. (references)

Human Rights

Cote d'Ivoire

On August 28, airport police arrested Tabley again as he prepared to board a flight for Burkina Faso. (references)

Cameroon

Gendarmes met Tchameni's flight, detained him for 4 hours, and confiscated his passport and CNI documents. (references)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Laws in both entities require detentions for persons accused of serious crimes regardless of their risk of flight. (references)

Minorities

Mauritania

The acceleration of desertification during the 1970's that destroyed much of the traditional economic basis of Moorish society, and an upsurge of Arab nationalism among White Moors during the 1980's, contributed to ethnic violence precipitated by a dispute with Senegal during 1989-91; this violence entailed the expulsion or flight of many non-Moors living in the south and occupation of much of their land by Moors, including Black Moors. (references)

Political Economy

Armenia

Armenian Airlines has a regular flight from Yerevan to Istanbul twice per week. (references)

GUATEMALA

Guatemala's trade deficit and capital flight in 1999 put pressure on the foreign exchange market. (references)

Trade

Russia

Throughout the 1990s, capital flight of immense proportions plagued and seriously weakened the Russian economy. (references)

Russia

In response, the Russian government has undertaken measures to stem capital flight and to ensure repatriation of profits. (references)

Cote D'ivoire

Since the devaluation, flight capital has returned, the liquidity within the system has increased substantially, and inflation has been on a declining trend. (references)

Travel

Eq. Guinea

Both Equato-Guinean private carriers operate with two soviet-made Yak 40s and a shared Ukrainian/Russian flight crew. (references)

Oman

Prospective visitors who arrive in Oman without proper documentation or visas may face the possibility of deportation on the next available flight. (references)

Greece

Delta added a new direct flight from Atlanta to Athens in June 1999. Olympic Airways, the government-owned national carrier, no longer enjoys its full monopoly. (references)

Women

Israel and the occupied territories

Women serve as flight surgeons and flight paramedics; there are no female flight mechanics. (references)

Ghana

The CHRAJ also ordered Ghana Airways to reinstate the dismissed flight attendant, reimburse her for all lost wages and benefits, and pay her 1 year's salary as compensation. (references)

Ghana

In January 1999, the CHRAJ announced its decision in the country's first sexual harassment case, involving a flight attendant for a private airline and her immediate supervisor. (references)

Worker Rights

Mexico

The flight attendants received a wage raise of 8.5 percent. (references)

United Arab Emirates

Five members of the ring were arrested while attempting to board a woman and a 15-year-old girl on a flight to Dubai. (references)

China

Soon after his flight, TIN reported that at least two Tsurphu monks were arrested and that the Karmapa's parents were placed under surveillance. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

RUMOR, n. A favorite weapon of the assassins of character. Sharp, irresistible by mail or shield, By guard unparried as by flight unstayed, O serviceable Rumor, let me wield Against my enemy no other blade. His be the terror of a foe unseen, His the inutile hand upon the hilt, And mine the deadly tongue, long, slender, keen, Hinting a rumor of some ancient guilt. So shall I slay the wretch without a blow, Spare me to celebrate his overthrow, And nurse my valor for another foe. Joel Buxter

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Flight

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Dennis Miller

I never enjoyed air flight, but now I don't board a plane without taking a moment to shoot myself in the thigh with a tranquilizer dart.

John Walsh

You have watched the tape, the bin Laden tape, pretty disgusting. I mean it is an indictment of his knowledge. Certainly the guys who went to the flight schools, who knew how to fly the planes, knew what they were going to do.

Rush Limbaugh

Why isn't the media looking into this versus looking into Bush, who is supposed to be a mind reader, upon learning that some guys are taking flight lessons who happen to be Arab and they might hijack an airplane.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Flight

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

George W. Bush

2001-2005A few days before Christmas, an airline flight attendant spotted a passenger lighting a match.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Flight

"Flight" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.61% of the time. "Flight" is used about 4,746 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)98.61%4,6802,098
Noun (proper)1.01%4849,194
Noun (common)0.38%1882,615
                    Total100.00%4,746N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Flight

The following table summarizes the usage of "flight" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
FlightLast name30029,010
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Derived & Related Names: Flight

The following table summarizes names derived from the word "flight".
 
NameGenderLanguageMeaning
NisrochN/ABiblical

Flight

PaltiN/ABiblical

Flight

Phalti PaltiN/ABiblical

Flight

TahpenesN/ABiblical

Flight

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

 

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Usage in Company Names: Flight

CountryNameCountryName
Australia

Flight Centre Limited

USA

The Flight International Group, Inc.

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Flight

Expressions using "flight": a flight of fancy a flight of stairs a flight of steps a flight of wit a high flight acceptance flight acrobatic flight actual flight path aerodrome flight information service aeroplane flight manual aerotow flight air taxi flight assigned flight path automatic flight control system basic instrument flight trainer be in the first flight blind flight capital flight cargo charter flight charted visual flight procedure approach charter flight commercial air transport flight commercial flight connecting flight contact flight controlled flight converging flight rule daily flight decca flight log delivery flight demonstration flight digital flight data recorder direct flight direct flight to domestic flight emergency flight endurance of flight ferry flight filed flight plan flight attendant flight attendants flight blindness flight capital flight clearance flight control flight control system flight controller flight controls flight crew flight data flight data recorder flight deck flight director computer flight director indicator flight director system flight documentation flight dossier flight duty period flight engineer flight engineer station flight envelop flight feather Flight feathers flight fitness flight following flight forecast flight indicator flight information flight information center flight information centre flight information region flight information service flight inspector flight instructor flight levels flight lieutenant flight line flight load flight log flight maneuver flight mechanic flight navigator flight notification message flight number flight of capital flight of fancy flight of stairs flight of steps flight of time flight operations officer flight over flight path flight personnel flight plan flight plan data flight procedures trainer flight profile flight progress board flight progress display flight progress strip flight radio operator. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "flight": flight-bag, flight-characteristics, flight-data, flight-deck, flight-feather, flight-feathers, flight-inclusive, flight-instructor, flight-level, Flight-lieutenant, flight-list, flight-mode, flight-muscle, flight-muscles, flight-noise, flight-note, flight-path, flight-plan, flight-planned, flight-planning, flight-plans, flight-recorder, flight-school, Flight-sergeant, Flight-shot, flight-test, flight-testing, flight-to-the-moon, flight-weight, flight-worthy.

Ending with "flight": double-flight, in-flight, mid-flight, pre-flight, straight-flight, time-of-flight, top-flight.

Containing "flight": after-flight inspection, after-flight servicing, before-flight inspection, before-flight servicing, in-flight meal, in-flight operational planning, in-flight planning, in-flight refuelling, in-flight report, in-flight service system, post-flight inspection.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Flight

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

cheap flight

263,854

flight simulator 2002

512

flight

11,600

cheap flight uk

479

flight tracker

8,469

cheap flight web site

458

flight tracking

2,424

cheap flight ticket

443

flight simulator

2,221

charter flight

438

airline flight

2,161

flight simulation

427

air flight

1,797

microsoft flight simulator

419

flight ticket

1,360

flight arrival

408

flight center

1,089

flight to las vegas

400

flight school

1,023

2004 flight simulator

391

last minute flight

996

europe flight

391

flight price

970

flight sim

365

flight information

938

cheap air flight

361

international flight

936

cheapest flight

346

flight track

849

uk flight

344

discount flight

801

flight jacket

334

flight attendant

797

flight training

327

flight status

663

cheap airline flight

324

cheap international flight

627

combat flight simulator

312

flight schedule

559

cheap flight to europe

310
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Flight

Language Translations for "flight"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

vlug (flee, run, run away). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

fluturimin, fluturimi, fluturim (migration, over, soaring, volatility, voyage), udhëtim me avion, tufë (batch, beam, book, bunch, cloud, clutch, Covey, crop, drove, flock, funiculus, group, herd, mass, muster, parcel, plume, ream, roll, run, scads, slip, stack, swarm, troop, truss, tuft, tussock, wad), shkallë (accommodation ladder, caliber, calibre, degree, gauge, gradations, grade, ladder, level, measure, notch, peg, phase, pitch, point, rate, rating, remove, scale, stadium, stair, staircase, stairway), largësi fluturimi, lëvizje e shpejtë (dart, dash, flirt, scurry, whisk), humbje (blow, come down, damage, defeat, deprivation, disappearance, draft, draught, forfeiture, leak, leakage, losing, losings, loss, losses, Miss, passing, privation, wastage, waste), entuziazëm (ebullience, ebulliency, enthusiasm, fervency, fervor, fervour, rage, verve), arratisje (break, debacle, decampment, elopement, escape, escapement, evasion, leg-bail, scamper, scape). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏فرار (bolt, elopement, escapade, escape, scamper, stampede), ‏فر (abscond, bolt, break away, decamp, elope, escape, flee, fly, get away, get free, get off, run away, run off, slope, take flight, take to one's heels), ‏مجموعة متواصلة من درجات سلم, ‏هروب (efflux, evasion, outflow, passing), ‏حركة سريعة (dart, flick, flirt, twinkle), ‏تحليق (hovering, levitation, soar, soaring), ‏سرب من الطيور (multitude), ‏سرب من الطائرات, ‏طيران (aviation, fly, flying, wing), ‏إنطلاق (airiness, break, dash, discharge, get away, kick, licking, rush, starting, take off), ‏رحلة جوية (flying). (various references)

   

Asturian

  

vuelu. (various references)

   

Basque

  

hegalaldirako (for flight). (various references)

   

Bemba

  

ukupupuka (to fly). (various references)

   

Breton

  

nijadenn. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

ято (bevy, Covey, flock, gaggle, pack, skein, wing), рояк (hive, regiment, swarm), ред стъпала (flight of stairs), орляк (bevy, flock, wing), летеж, бързо минаване на време, бягство (bunk, escape, flying, getaway, runway), проблясък (glance, glimmer, glimmering, glint), полет (carry, drive, fly, flying), побягване, пилило (hatch, hatching, set), дължина на полет. (various references)

   

Catalan

  

vol (you want). (various references)

   

Cebuano

  

paglupad. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

飞行 (Flew, Flies, Flown, FLY, flying, Planed, Planing), 航程 . (various references)

   

Croatian

  

let. (various references)

   

Czech

  

let (navigation, voyage). (various references)

   

Danish

  

flugt (run). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

vlucht (run, swarm), vliegtocht. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

flugo. (various references)

   

Estonian

  

lend. (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

flogferð. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

یک رشته پلکان , فرارکردن (Abscond, Elope, Escape, Scape, Skedaddle, Stampede), پروازکردن (Fly, Kite, Whir), پرواز (Fly, Plane, Wing), کوچ کردن (Migrate, Vamoose), گریز (Allusion, Desertion, Digression, Escape, Evasion, Guy, Jink, Scamper, Scuttle, Subterfuge, Truancy), سلسله (Catena, Chain, Dynasty, Genealogy, Gradation, Phylum, Rank, Run, String, System, Train), عزیمت (Departure, Outgo). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

lento. (various references)

   

Flemish

  

vlucht. (various references)

   

French

  

vol (flew, flock, flying), fuite (fled, fleeing), volée, essor. (various references)

   

French Canadian

  

vol. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

flecht (run). (various references)

   

Galician

  

voo. (various references)

   

German

  

Flug (journey, jump, run, shot, voyage), Flucht (alignment, anathematizes, bound, elopement, escape, getaway, leap, row, suite). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

πτήση (soar), φυγή (hegira, rout, scuttle). (various references)

   

Haitian Creole

  

vòl. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

טיסה (flying). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

repülés (aeronautics, airmanship, aviation, fly, flying, pilotage, wing), menekülés (escape, flying, getaway, readiest means of escape, readiest way of escape, runaway, scuttle), vonszolótag, vonszoló (dragging), terelőlapát (deteriora, impeller, impellor), repülőjárat, megfutamodás (cop-out, rout), lépcsőköz, lépcsőforduló, emelet (floor, storey, story). (various references)

   

Icelandic

  

flugi, flug. (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

penerbangan (aviation). (various references)

   

Inuktitut

  

qagataluni. (various references)

   

Irish

  

eitilt. (various references)

   

Italian

  

fuga (break, breakaway, escape, fugue, get away, leak, outrush, run, scape, sprint), volo (fly, gliding), rampa (ramp). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

逃走 (desertion, escape), 逃避 (escape, evasion), 出奔 (abscondence, elopement, running away). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

たかとび (escape, high jump), フライト (fright), しゅっぽん (abscondence, elopement, running away), びん (becoming poor, bottle, chance, letter, living in poverty, mail, opportunity, post, poverty, service), ひしょう (flying, grief, petty, soaring, spending, this wretch, trifling, you wretch), ひよう (cost, expense, flying), こうぞく (cruising, following, imperial family, royalty, succeeding), こうてい (affirmation, amount of work, best pupil, brotherly love, campus, distance, emperor, filial piety, high and low, leading disciple, mine-pit bottom, official, official residence, path length, place of ceremony, positive, public place, revision, rise and fall, run, sail, work schedule), とうそう (chilblains, conflict, desertion, escape, faction, frostbite, smallpox, strife, variola), とうひこう (elopement), とうひ (equal ratio, escape, evasion, justice, pitchers fly, propriety, right or wrong, scalp, spruce tree, suppression of bandits), ちくでん (abscondence, storage of electicity). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

비행 (flying). (various references)

   

Luxembourgish

  

fluch. (various references)

   

Macedonian

  

let. (various references)

   

Manx

  

orraghey (bolt, cast, charge, discharge, round of ammunition, shot, shy, sling, throw), etlagh (aviation, fly), chea (abscondment, flee, retreat, run away). (various references)

   

Maori

  

rere (to fly, waterfall). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

flytur, flygning, flyavgang, flukt (escape), svev. (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

huimentu (run), huimento (run). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ightflay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

vôo (flit, flying, wing), voo. (various references)

   

Portuguese Brazilian

  

vôo. (various references)

   

Provencal

  

vòl. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

zbor (fly, flying, gliding, race, soar, soaring, towering, volitation, wing). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

стая (bevy, flock, horde, muster, pack, pride, school, swarm, troop), рейс (cruise, run, voyage), течение (course, current, drift, flow, flowing, flux, lapse, onflow, passage, progress, run, stream, tenor, trend), вылет (gab, radius), отступление (back track, backdown, backtrack, departure, digression, retirement), марш лестницы (flight of stairs, pair of stairs), звено самолетов, бегство (bunk, escape, escapement, getaway, leg-bail, scamper, scape), пориомания (fugue), полет;рейс полетный, полет (airtrip, air-trip), перелет (hop, over, plus). (various references)

   

Samoan

  

lele (fly). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

teicheadh. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

stepenište (flight of stairs, pair of stairs, portico, staircase, stairway), letenje, let (shot). (various references)

   

Sicilian

  

volu. (various references)

   

Slovene

  

let. (various references)

   

Somali

  

duulitaanka (the flight), duulitaan. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

vuelo (flying, wing), escape (avoidance, blowoff, blowout, elopement, escape, escapement, exhaust, exhaust pipe, fuite, getaway, leak, leakage). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

flykt (escape, get away, get-away, movement), flygtur (flip, flying trip). (various references)

   

Tagalog

  

flight, biyahe. (various references)

   

Thai

  

เที่ยวบิน, บินเป็นฝูง, การบิน, การหนี, ขั้นบันไดระหว่างชั้น. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

uçuş (fly, flying, homing, hop). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

uзuю. (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

літати зграєю, погнати (rout), політ (fly, flying), плин (course). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

sự rút chạy sự bay, sự bỏ chạy, chuyến bay sự truy đuổi, đi đầu. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

ffoe%digaeth, ffo, hedfa, encil (retreat), ehediad (bird, fowl), ehedfa, adwedd (death, home, resting-place, return). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Flight

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

fuga. (various references)

Old English450-1100

fleam, flyht. (various references)

Spanish900-Modern

escapada. (various references)

Middle French1400-1600

volee. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Flight

LanguageDateSourceGenesis Chapter 31, Verse 20
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintEkruyen de iakwb laban ton suron tou mh anaggeilai autw oti apodidraskei
Latin405VulgateNoluitque Iacob confiteri socero quod fugeret
Middle English1395WyclifAnd Jacob nolde knowleche to his wyues fader, that he wolde flee; and whanne he was goon,
Renaissance English1526TyndaleAnd Iacob went awaye vnknowynge to Laban the Sirie and tolde him not yt he fled.
Jacobean English1611King JamesAnd Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he fled.
Victorian English1833WebsterAnd Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he was about to depart.
Basic English1964OgdenAnd Jacob went away secretly, without giving news of his flight to Laban the Aramaean.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Flight

LanguageGenesis Chapter 31, Verse 20
CebuanoUg si Jacob mipahawa sa hilum gikan kang Laban nga Siriahanon, kay niana wala siya magpahibalo nga siya mokalagiw.
Chinese雅 各 背 著 亞 蘭 人 拉 班 偷 走 了 、 並 不 告 訴 他 。
CroatianJakov zavara Aramejca Labana tako da nije ni slutio da æe bježati.
DanishOg Jakob narrede Aramæeren Laban, idet han ikke lod ham mærke, at han vilde flygte;
DutchEn Jakob ontstal zich aan het hart van Laban, den Syrier, overmits hij hem niet te kennen gaf, dat hij vlood.
FinnishJa Jaakob lähti varkain aramilaisen Laabanin luota eikä ilmaissut hänelle pakenemisaiettaan.
Frenchet Jacob trompa Laban, l`Araméen, en ne l`avertissant pas de sa fuite.
GermanAlso täuschte Jakob den Laban zu Syrien damit, daß er ihm nicht ansagte, daß er floh.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariYakub mengakali Laban dengan tidak memberitahukan keberangkatannya.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaMaka Yakubpun pergilah diam-diam, tiada diberinya tahu Laban, orang Aram itu, ia hendak pergi.
ItalianGiacobbe eluse l'attenzione di Làbano l'Arameo, non avvertendolo che stava per fuggire;
MaoriNa tahuti ana a Hakopa i a Rapana Hiriani, kihai hoki i whakaaturia tona omanga ki a ia.
NorwegianOg Jakob stjal sig bort fra arameeren Laban; han sa ikke noget til ham om at han vilde flykte.
Rumanianwi Iacov a knwelat pe Laban, Arameul, cqci nu l -a knwtiinyat de fuga sa.
Swedishoch Jakob stal sig undan från araméen Laban, så att han icke lät denne märka att han ämnade fly.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Flight

Derivations

Words beginning with "flight": flighted, flightier, flightiest, flightily, flightiness, flightinesses, flighting, flightless, flights, flighty. (additional references)

Words ending with "flight": inflight, overflight, postflight, preflight, spaceflight, topflight. (additional references)

Words containing "flight": overflights, spaceflights. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Flight" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: fdight, feight, flegt, fligh, flih, fliht, floght, flugh. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Flight"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "flight" (pronounced flī"t)
3-l ī" talight, blight, delight, light, lite, plight, polite, sleight, slight.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Flight

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "f-g-h-i-l-t"

-1 letter: fight, filth, light.

-2 letters: flit, gift, gilt, hilt, lift.

-3 letters: fig, fil, fit, ghi, git, hit, lit, til.

-4 letters: hi, if, it, li, ti.

 Words containing the letters "f-g-h-i-l-t"
 

+1 letter: flights, flighty.

 

+2 letters: fanlight, flighted, inflight, lightful, rightful.

 

+3 letters: bullfight, eightfold, fanlights, firelight, fletching, flightier, flightily, flighting, flitching, flyweight, frightful, lightface, lightfast, nightfall, nightlife, preflight, safelight, topflight.

 

+4 letters: bullfights, delightful, fetchingly, firelights, flashlight, fletchings, flightiest, flightless, floodlight, flyweights, footlights, insightful, lightfaced, lightfaces, lightproof, lithifying, nightfalls, nightlifes, overflight, postflight, rightfully, safelights, sprightful.

 

+5 letters: bullfighter, farthingale, fishtailing, flashlights, flichtering, flightiness, floodlights, fortnightly, frightfully, helilifting, highfalutin, overflights, shoplifting, spaceflight.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art
9. Sounds
10. Quotations: Familiar
11. Quotations: Fiction
12. Quotations: Non-fiction
13. Quotations: Spoken
14. Quotations: Speeches
15. Usage Frequency
16. Names: Frequency
17. Names: Derived from
18. Names: Company Usage
19. Expressions
20. Expressions: Internet
21. Translations: Modern
22. Translations: Ancient
23. Bible Trace
24. Abbreviations
25. Acronyms
26. Derivations
27. Rhymes
28. Anagrams
29. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.