Fertilisation

Definitions: Fertilisation

Fertilisation

Noun

1. Creation by the union of sperm or pollen with an animal or plant or egg cell.

2. Making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure.

Date "fertilisation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1862. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Fertilisation

Domain	Definitions
Biology & Biotechnology	Additional input of nutrient elements in an ecosystem, of natural(e. g. after fires, floods)or anthropic origin. Source: European Union. (references)
	The union of the nucleus and other cellular constituents of a male gamete(pollen or sperm)with those of a female gamete(i. e. ovum or egg)to form a zygote from which may develop a new plant. Source: European Union. (references)
Medicine	The basic phenomenon of the sexual reproduction consisting of the union of two gametes of different sex. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Fertilisation

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Image from http://www.pdimages.com
A sperm (with tail) trying to fertilize the egg (the partially seen sphere).

Fertilisation (British English), also spelled fertilization (American English),which is less ambiguously referred to as syngamy, is the process of a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo.

Animal

To deliver the sperm to female, the male inserts his external sexual organ into the opening to vagina, the passage into the female's sexual organ. (This process is a part of copulation.) Once the male ejaculatess, a large number of sperms swim toward the ovum. One of them penetrates the ovum's coat, and the ovum is fertilized and the female is pregnant.

Plant

After the female part of the flower is pollinated, pollen grains attempts to travel into the ovary by creating a path called "pollen tube." The pollen tube does not directly reach the ovary in a straight line. It travels near the skin of the style and curls to the bottom of the ovary, then near receptacle, it breaks through the ovule and reaches the ovum to fertilize it. After being fertilized, the ovary start to swell and become a fruit.

With multiseeded fruits, multiple grains of pollen are necessary for syngamy with each ovule. The process is easy to visualize if one looks at corn silk, which is the female flower of corn. Pollen from the tassel (the male flower) falls on the sticky external portion of the silk, then pollen tubes grow down the silk to the attatched ovule. The dried silk remains inside the husk of the ear as the seeds mature, so one can carefully remove the husk to show the floral structures. The development of the flesh of the fruit is proportional to the percentage of fertilized ovules. For example, with watermelon, about a thousand grains of pollen must be delivered and spread evenly on the three lobes of the stigma to make a normal sized and shaped fruit.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fertilisation."

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Synonyms: Fertilisation

Synonyms: dressing (n), fecundation (n), fertilization (n), impregnation (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Fertilisation

Specialty definitions using "fertilisation": apomixia ♦ cloned animal ♦ excess embryo, extra embryo. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Fertilisation" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses.

French (enrichment, fertilization, fertilizing).

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Commercial Usage: Fertilisation

Domain	Title
Books	Floral Biology Pollination and Fertilisation in Temperate Zone Fruit Species and Grape (reference) Human Fertilisation and Embryology: Regulating the Reproductive Revolution (reference) In Vitro Fertilisation (reference) Reproduction in Mammals: Volume 1, Germ Cells and Fertilisation (reference) The Exploitation of a Desire Women's Experiences with in Vitro Fertilisation (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Use in Literature: Fertilisation

Title	Author	Quote
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	Thanks to human fertilisation, the earth in China is still as young as in the days of Abraham.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Fertilisation

"Fertilisation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.96% of the time. "Fertilisation" is used about 96 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	98.96%	95	33,629
Noun (common)	1.04%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	96	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Fertilisation

Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "fertilisation": cross-fertilisation, invitro-fertilisation, self-fertilisation.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Fertilisation

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
in vitro fertilisation	18
fertilisation	14
en fertilisation serre	8
invitro fertilisation	3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Fertilisation

Language		Translations for "fertilisation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		受精 (fertilization). (various references)

Danish		befrugtning (fecundation, fertilization, impregnation, telegony). (various references)

Dutch		fecundatio (fecundation, fertilization), fecundatie (fecundation, fertilization), bevruchting (conception, fecundation, fertilization, gnathic index, impregnation, telegony), bestuiving (fertilization, pollination). (various references)

Finnish		fertilisaatio (fecundation, fertilization), hedelmöitys (conception, fecundation, fertilization, fructification), hedelmöityminen (conception, fecundation, fertilization), hedelmöittyminen (fecundation, fertilization). (various references)

French		fertilisation (fecundation, fertilization, fertilizer application, fertilizing), fécondation (fecundation, fertilization, fertilizing). (various references)

German		Düngung (dressing, fertilization, fertilizer application, fertilizing, groundswell, manuring), Befruchtung (fecundation, fertilization, impregnation, insemination, pollination). (various references)

Greek		γονιμοποίηση (fecundation, fertilization, flowering, impregnation, insemination, pollination, telegony, time). (various references)

Italian		fertilizzazione (breeding, dressing, fecundation, fertilization, fertilizer application, fertilizing, manuring), fecondazione (fecundation, fertilization, impregnation, insemination). (various references)

Korean		�'�부하게 함 (fertilization). (various references)

Pig Latin		ertilisationfay

Portuguese		fertilizaçao (fertilization), fecundação (fecundity, fertilization, fertilize, impresario). (various references)

Spanish		fertilización (dressing, fecundation, fertilization, fertilizer application, fertilizing, spawning), fecundación (fecundation, fertilization, impregnation). (various references)

Swedish		befruktning (conception, fecundation, fertilization, fructification, impregnation, stimulation). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Anagrams: Fertilisation

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-e-f-i-i-i-l-n-o-r-s-t-t"
	-1 letter: frontalities.
	-2 letters: filtrations, flirtations, infiltrates, literations, orientalist.
	-3 letters: filiations, filtration, finalities, flirtation, infiltrate, initiators, iterations, latinities, literation, natrolites, reflations, tonalities, trifoliate.
	-4 letters: anilities, fetations, filiation, filtrates, flatirons, flintiest, flirtiest, floatiest, forestial, frailties, frontlets, inflaters, inflators, initiates, initiator, introfies, iteration, natrolite, nitrifies, notifiers, oralities, orientals, reflation, relations, retinitis, saintlier, serotinal, siltation, solitaire, stationer, sterilant, striation.
	Words containing the letters "a-e-f-i-i-i-l-n-o-r-s-t-t"
	+1 letter: fertilizations.
	+3 letters: electrifications.
	+5 letters: overfertilizations, polyesterification.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.