Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Documentation |
DocumentationNoun1. Confirmation that some fact or statement is true. 2. Program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs. 3. Documentary validation; "his documentation of the results was excellent"; "the strongest support for this this view is the work of Jones". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Documentation n. The multiple kilograms of macerated, pounded, steamed, bleached, and pressed trees that accompany most modern software or hardware products (see also tree-killer). Hackers seldom read paper documentation and (too) often resist writing it; they prefer theirs to be terse and on-line. A common comment on this predilection is "You can't grep dead trees". See drool-proof paper, verbiage, treeware. Source: Jargon File. |
Math | See DATA SET DOCUMENTATION. (references) |
Nuclear Energy & Physics | Recorded or pictorial information describing, defining, specifying, reporting or certifying activities, requirements, procedures or results related to quality assurance. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In general terms, documentation is any communicable material (such as text, video, audio, etc., or combination thereof) used to explain some attributes of an object or system. It is often used to mean software documentation, which is usually paper books or readable computer files (such as HTML pages) that describe how to operate computer programs.
A person who writes documentation is a documenter. Normally, documenters are trained or have a background in technical writing, along with some knowledge of the subject they are documenting.
Documentation is often referred to as the "boring side" of engineering, or considered a necessary evil. This is largely unavoidable since most engineers prefer to build things instead of to document them, and being implicit experts in what they have built, they have little motivation in documenting their creations so that others may understand them.
The term RTFM is often used in regard to documentation.
Types of documentation include FAQ, HowTo, guide.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Documentation."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| DOCSTEP | English | Product documentation creation and management using STEP | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: DocumentationSynonyms: certification (n), corroboration (n), software documentation (n), support (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Documentation |
| English words defined with "documentation": certified ♦ direct trust ♦ express trust ♦ package ♦ qualified ♦ software, software package, software system, support ♦ uncertified, unwritten. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "documentation": DOCUMENTATION ENGINEER, DOCUMENTATION SUPERVISOR ♦ Plain Old Documentation ♦ Technical documentation. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Documentation" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (documentation, documents, papers). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Clever | Software documentation (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Nimbus-7 CZCS Global and Regional Data Sets and Documentation. Credit: NASA. | ![]() | Figure 43. Bergius pneumatic sounder. No documentation could be found for the design, construction, or testing of this instrument. It is probable that this instrument was created in the early Twentieth Century by Friedrich Bergius, a 1931 Nobel Prize winner, for study of high pressure chemical reactions. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
![]() | North elevation looking southwest. Photograph by Walter Smalling, 1977. (Reproduction Number: HABS, DC,WASH,166-12 (CT)) Frederick Douglass, a powerful and influential runaway slave, abolitionist, editor, and statesman, purchased this house in 1877. It was preserved as a memorial to Douglass after his death in 1895. The National Park Service restored the house in 1971-72, utilizing HABS documentation that had been produced in 1963-64. Today, the Frederick Douglass House is a popular and heavily visited site for those studying American history. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Measured drawing delineated by J. C. Halden. (Reproduction Number: HABS, MASS,5-ANNI,3- Sheet 4 of 6) While most of the documentation in the HABS and HAER collections records individual sites, there are fascinating examples of buildings recorded within their environmental context. These cultural landscapes show the visual and functional relationship among buildings. In this instance, the location and arrangement of the eighteenth and nineteenth century buildings was closely tied to the transportation and commercial opportunities the New England fishing village waterfront presented. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | A now uncommon and romantic building type, the Beebe Windmill provided mechanization to the grinding of grain. This rare survivor teaches us about the evolution of industrial technologies and the ingenuity of early American craftsman who fashioned the moving parts out of the most readily available material at hand, wood. HABS and HAER documentation provides information for the care and maintenance of structures for which the original drawings typically do not survive. The formats of HAER documentation for this windmill include a written history, photographs, and measured drawings. The selected drawings and photographs shown here demonstrate how the nformation in each format can supplement the other. The photographs record information as the camera sees it in a one-point perspective. The drawings illustrate the grain mill and clarify how its parts fit together, what dimensions they are, and how they interact to grind the grain. West elevation. Photograph by Jet Lowe, 1978. (Reproduction Number: HAER, NY,52-BRIG,4-1). Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | ["SS Documentation in bottle..."] / Clara Ernst. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
![]() | * Bibliothèque * Centre de documentation : *Santé de la mère et de l'enfant * Nutrition. Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | No documentation of signs establishing more than one white matter lesion. (references) | |
There is no documentation that FFP has a beneficial effect when used as part of the transfusion management of patients with massive hemorrhage. (references) | ||
Once a strategy is adopted, personnel must be trained, equipment and supplies obtained, procedures and policies prepared and validated, and appropriate documentation prepared. (references) | ||
Business | This can be the regular documentation used to bill any customer. (references) | |
SCT sends to COFETEL all the documentation for it review and analysis. (references) | ||
Within this period SCT can ask the applicant to submit more documentation. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Kenya | Many vehicles often are in disrepair, and many drivers often lack required documentation. (references) |
Angola | Neto was arrested and interrogated on July 7, and his documentation and equipment was confiscated. (references) | |
Macedonia | During the fall, border guards were more lenient about persons entering without proper documentation. (references) | |
Economic History | Italy | They are freely remittable, subject to documentation requirements. (references) |
Guatemala | Customs documentation shows these as imports from Panama or Mexico. (references) | |
Senegal | Sales promotion material and technical documentation should be in French. (references) | |
Human Rights | Guatemala | Of the nearly 45,000 cases of disappearances noted by the CEH, the Mutual Support Group alone has documentation of some 10,000 cases. (references) |
Slovak Republic | In November 1999, Minister of Justice Jan Carnogursky established a Department for the Documentation of Crimes committed by the communist regime. (references) | |
Japan | A Justice Ministry regulation permits detention house officials to limit the amount of documentation related to ongoing court cases retained by prisoners. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Paraguay | Furthermore, many indigenous people find it difficult to travel to the capital to solicit land titles or process the required documentation for land ownership. (references) |
Cameroon | An estimated 95 percent of Pygmies did not have national identity cards; most Pygmies can not afford or provide the necessary documentation to obtain the identification, which is required to vote in national elections. (references) | |
Thailand | Members of hilltribes without proper documentation, who account for approximately half the estimated 700,000 to 880,000 such persons, still face restrictions on their movement, may not own land, and are not protected by labor laws, including minimum wage requirements. (references) | |
Minorities | Dominican Republic | Some parents fail to seek documentation due to fear of being deported. (references) |
Kazakhstan | This lack of documentation prohibits travel outside the village, enrollment in institutes and universities, and employment. (references) | |
Bhutan | In many cases, persons were unable to produce the documentation necessary, such as land tax receipts from 1958, to show residency. (references) | |
Political Economy | ROMANIA | Government approval of joint ventures requires extensive documentation. (references) |
BULGARIA | Problems cited by U.S. companies include excessive documentation requirements, slow processing of shipments, and corruption. (references) | |
COSTA RICA | Documentation and labeling of U.S. exports to Costa Rica must use the metric system and contain specific information in Spanish. (references) | |
Political Rights | Guatemala | A significant percentage of the rural poor population lacks the documentation needed to register to vote. (references) |
Lesotho | The Commission stated that the documentation was in such disarray that it could not prove that fraud had not occurred. (references) | |
Trade | Hong Kong | U.S. standard trade documentation is acceptable. (references) |
Travel | South Africa | All documentation is presently printed in English and Afrikaans. (references) |
Russia | Failure to present proper documentation can lead to detention and/or fines. (references) | |
Spain | Laptop computers for personal/business use do not require any special documentation. (references) | |
Women | India | The Committee notes that inability to prove those important events by documentation prevents effective implementation of laws that protect girls from sexual exploitation and trafficking, child labor and forced or early marriage." Dalit ("untouchable" caste) women have been stripped naked by mobs, and paraded around in public to humiliate Dalits who offend other castes. (references) |
Worker Rights | Romania | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides documentation for victim repatriation. (references) |
Laos | Some victims are punished for improper documentation or for crossing the border illegally. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Documentation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.83% of the time. "Documentation" is used about 1,179 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.83% | 1,177 | 6,560 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.08% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Noun (common) | 0.08% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,179 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "documentation": documentation officer ♦ documentation on aeronautics ♦ documentation unit ) ♦ flight documentation ♦ Linux Documentation Project ♦ military geographic documentation ♦ Pharmaceutical Documentation Ring ♦ plain Old Documentation ♦ software documentation. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "documentation": photo-documentation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "documentation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | dokumentim (certification). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | توثيق (registration), بينة موثقة. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | документация, документиране (record). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 文献 (literature). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | dokumentace (material), dokladový materiál. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | dokumentation (descriptive document, documentary evidence, evidence, records). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | documentatie (documents, records), bewijsstukken. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | dokumentointiprosessi (documentary process, documentation process), viitedokumentointi (bibliographic documentation, indirect documentation, literature documentation), liikkumattomien kuvien dokumentointi (documentation of pictures), informatiikka (information and documentation science, information science), filmitallenteiden dokumentointi (documentation of films). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | documentation (documents). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | dokumentation (records). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | απόδειξη με έγγραφα, τεκμηρίωση (justification). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | תעו". (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | dokumentáció. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | dokumentasi, pendokumenan. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | documentazione (authentication, certification, documents). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | ドイツ連邦共'国 (a do-it-yourself store, cancel at the last minute, Debussy, dock, docking, doctor, doctor course, doctrine, document, documental, documentary, documentary drama, dodecaphony, dodge ball, doeskin, dog racing, dogfight, doggie bag, dogma, dogmatic, dogmatism, dogmatist, doily, do-it-yourself, dominant, domino, donor, doom, doo-wop, dot, dot map, dot matrix, dot printer, dwell, dwelling, Federal Republic of Germany, referee's stop, thud, to be noisy, to make noise, yakuza sword). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ドキュメンテーション . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 문서 시. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | docamadys. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ocumentationday documentação (documents). (various references) documentare, documentaţie. (various references) документация (documentation book, records). (various references) dokumentacija. (various references) documentación (documents, ship's papers). (various references) dokumentation (documention). (various references) การเตรียมเอกสาร. (various references) belgelerle kanıtlama, belgeleme (authentication, certification, documenting). (various references) документація. (various references) sự dẫn chứng bằng tư liệu sự đưa ra t i liệu, sự cung cấp t i liệu, sự chứng minh bằng t i liệu. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "documentation": documentational, documentations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Documentation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: decumentation, documaentation, documentazione, documention, occidentation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "documentation" (pronounced dÄ'kyumentā"shun or dÄ'kyuwmentā"shun) |
| 10 | -y u m e n t ā" sh u n | argumentation. |
| 9 | -u m e n t ā" sh u n | implementation, ornamentation, regimentation. |
| 8 | -m e n t ā" sh u n | augmentation. |
| 7 | -e n t ā" sh u n | misrepresentation, orientation, ostentation, representation. |
| 6 | -n t ā" sh u n | confrontation, disorientation, experimentation, fermentation, fragmentation, implantation, incantation, indentation, instrumentation, pigmentation, plantation, presentation, recantation, sedimentation, segmentation, transplantation. |
| 5 | -t ā" sh u n | accreditation, adaptation, affectation, agitation, amputation, annotation, cetacean, citation, cogitation, cohabitation, computation, connotation, consultation, crustacean, decapitation, deforestation, deportation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, disputation, dissertation, equitation, excitation, exhortation, expectation, exploitation, facilitation, flirtation, flotation, gestation, gravitation, habitation, hesitation, imitation, importation, imputation, incapacitation, incrustation, infestation, inhabitation, interpretation, invitation, irritation, lactation, levitation, limitation, manifestation, meditation, misinterpretation, molestation, mutation, notation, palpitation, permutation, precipitation, premeditation, protestation, quotation, recitation, reforestation, refutation, rehabilitation, reinterpretation, reputation, resuscitation, rotation, sanitation, solicitation, station, superstation, temptation, transportation, vegetation, visitation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, animation, annexation, annihilation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, characterization, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, deviation, differentiation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, dispensation, disqualification, dissemination, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, falsification, fascination, federation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gyration, hallucination, harmonization, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implication, impregnation, improvisation, inactivation, inauguration, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incubation, indemnification, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, legalization, legislation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, origination, oscillation, ossification, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, predestination, prefabrication, preoccupation, preparation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recapitalization, recertification, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reformation, refrigeration, regeneration, registration, regulation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, repudiation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
| 8 | -m e n t ā" sh u n | argumentation, augmentation, implementation, ornamentation, regimentation. |
| 7 | -e n t ā" sh u n | misrepresentation, orientation, ostentation, representation. |
| 6 | -n t ā" sh u n | confrontation, disorientation, experimentation, fermentation, fragmentation, implantation, incantation, indentation, instrumentation, pigmentation, plantation, presentation, recantation, sedimentation, segmentation, transplantation. |
| 5 | -t ā" sh u n | accreditation, adaptation, affectation, agitation, amputation, annotation, cetacean, citation, cogitation, cohabitation, computation, connotation, consultation, crustacean, decapitation, deforestation, deportation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, disputation, dissertation, equitation, excitation, exhortation, expectation, exploitation, facilitation, flirtation, flotation, gestation, gravitation, habitation, hesitation, imitation, importation, imputation, incapacitation, incrustation, infestation, inhabitation, interpretation, invitation, irritation, lactation, levitation, limitation, manifestation, meditation, misinterpretation, molestation, mutation, notation, palpitation, permutation, precipitation, premeditation, protestation, quotation, recitation, reforestation, refutation, rehabilitation, reinterpretation, reputation, resuscitation, rotation, sanitation, solicitation, station, superstation, temptation, transportation, vegetation, visitation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, animation, annexation, annihilation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, characterization, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, deviation, differentiation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, dispensation, disqualification, dissemination, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, falsification, fascination, federation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gyration, hallucination, harmonization, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implication, impregnation, improvisation, inactivation, inauguration, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incubation, indemnification, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, legalization, legislation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, origination, oscillation, ossification, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, predestination, prefabrication, preoccupation, preparation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recapitalization, recertification, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reformation, refrigeration, regeneration, registration, regulation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, repudiation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-i-m-n-n-o-o-t-t-u" | |
-3 letters: codominant, continuate, denotation, detonation. | |
-4 letters: anticodon, auctioned, autonomic, cautioned, condiment, contained, continued, dominance, education, intonated, mendicant, mentation, nominated, nonatomic, outmanned, tunicated, unnoticed, untainted. | |
-5 letters: aconitum, amounted, anconoid, anointed, antidote, antinode, autocoid, cantoned, catenoid, coattend, coinmate, comedian, conation, connoted, continua, continue, continuo, cotenant, cottoned, countian, daemonic, demoniac, demonian, demotion, document, dominant, dominate, donation, dotation. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-i-m-n-n-o-o-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: documentations. | |
+2 letters: documentational. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)44 6F 63 75 6D 65 6E 74 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-.. --- -.-. ..- -- . -. - .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000100 01101111 01100011 01110101 01101101 01100101 01101110 01110100 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)D o c u m e n t a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0044 006F 0063 0075 006D 0065 006E 0074 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)38816987797180866786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Abbreviations 14. Acronyms 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Orthography 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.