Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Distribution |
DistributionNoun1. An arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence. 2. The spatial property of being scattered about over an area or volume. 3. The act of distributing or spreading or apportioning. 4. The commercial activity of transporting and selling goods from a producer to a consumer. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "distribution" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Distribution \Dis`tri*bu"tion\, noun. [Latin expression distributio: compare to the French expression distribution.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Distribution n. 1. A software source tree packaged for distribution; but see kit. Since about 1996 unqualified use of this term often implies `Linux distribution'. The short form distro is often used for this sense. 2. A vague term encompassing mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups (but not BBS fora); any topic-oriented message channel with multiple recipients. 3. An information-space domain (usually loosely correlated with geography) to which propagation of a Usenet message is restricted; a much-underutilized feature. Source: Jargon File. |
Building & Civil Engineering | The condition or mode of being located or dispersed to or over every part of a space or area. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The delivery of electricity to the retail customer's home or business through low voltage distribution lines. Source: European Union. (references) |
Energy | The process of distributing electricity; usually defines that portion of an electrical utility's power lines between a utility's power pole and transformer and a customer's point of connection/meter. (references) |
| The delivery ofelectricity to the retail customer's home or business through lowvoltage distribution lines. (references) | |
Language | The number of posssible environments or contexts in which a particular linguistic item such as a speech sound or word can occur in a given language, dialect, or portion of text. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | The distribution of the estate by the personal representatives to the persons entitled under the deceased's will or intestacy. Source: European Union. (references) |
Post & Telecom | A division of the supply current between a number of ranch circuits leading to different points. Source: European Union. (references) |
Publishing & Graphic Arts | Type given out for distribution to a compositor. Source: European Union. (references) |
Statistics | The position, arrangement or frequency of occurrence of the many types of distribution recognised in mathematical statistics. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This page deals with mathematical distributions. For other meanings of distribution, see distribution (disambiguation). In mathematical analysis, distributions (also known as generalized functions) are objects which generalize functions and probability distributions. They extend the concept of derivative to all continuous functions and beyond and are used to formulate generalized solutions of partial differential equations. They are important in physics and engineering where many non-continuous problems naturally lead to differential equations whose solutions are distributions, such as the Dirac delta distribution.
"Generalized functions" were introduced by Sergei Sobolev in 1935. They were independently discovered in late 1940s by Laurent Schwartz, who developed a comprehensive theory of distributions.
Sometimes, people talk of "probability distribution" when they just mean "probability measure", especially if it is obtained by taking the product of the Lebesgue measure by a positive, real-valued measurable function of integral equal to 1.
The basic idea is as follows. If f : R -> R is an integrable function, and φ : R -> R is a smooth ( = infinitely often differentiable) function which is identically zero except on some bounded set, then ∫fφdx is a real number which linearly and continuously depends on φ. One can therefore think of the function f as a continuous linear functional on the space which consists of all the "test functions" φ. Similarly, if P is a probability distribution on the reals and φ is a test function, then ∫φdP is a real number that continuously and linearly depends on φ: probability distributions can thus also be viewed as continuous linear functionals on the space of test functions. This notion of "continuous linear functional on the space of test functions" is therefore used as the definition of a distribution.
Such distributions may be multiplied with real numbers and can by added together, so they form a real vector space. In general it is not possible to define a multiplication for distributions, but distributions may be multiplied with infinitely often differentiable functions.
To define the derivative of a distribution, we first consider the case of a differentiable and integrable function f : R -> R. If φ is a test function, then we have
The Dirac delta (so-called Dirac delta function) is the distribution which sends the test function φ to φ(0). It is the derivative of the Heaviside step function H(x) = 0 if x < 0 and H(x) = 1 if x ≥ 0. The derivative of the Dirac delta is the distribution which sends the test function φ to -φ'(0). This latter distribution is our first example of a distribution which is neither a function nor a probability distribution.
In the sequel, real-valued distributions on an open subset U of Rn will be formally defined. (With minor modifications, one can also define complex-valued distributions, and one can replace Rn by any smooth manifold.) First, the space D(U) of test functions on U needs to be explained. A function φ : U -> R is said to have compact support if there exists a compact subset K of U such that φ(x) = 0 for all x in U \\ K. The elements of D(U) are the infinitely often differentiable functions φ : U -> R with compact support. This is a real vector space. We turn it into a topological vector space by requiring that a sequence (or net) (φk) converges to 0 if and only if there exists a compact subset K of U such that all φk are identically zero outside K, and for every ε > 0 and natural number d ≥ 0 there exists a natural number k0 such that for all k ≥ k0 the absolute value of all d-th derivatives of φk is smaller than ε. With this definition, D(U) becomes a complete topological vector space (in fact, a so-called LF-space).
The dual space of the topological vector space D(U), consisting of all continuous linear functionals S : D(U) -> R, is the space of all distributions on U; it is a vector space and is denoted by D'(U).
The function f : U -> R is called locally integrable if it is Lebesgue integrable over every compact subset K of U. This is a large class of functions which includes all continuous functions. The topology on D(U) is defined in such a fashion that any locally integrable function f yields a continuous linear functional on D(U) whose value on the test function φ is given by the Lebesgue integral ∫U fφ dx. Two locally integrable functions f and g yield the same element of D(U) if and only if they are equal almost everywhere. Similarly, every Radon measure μ on U (which includes the probability distributions) defines an element of D'(U) whose value on the test function φ is ∫φ dμ.
As mentioned above, integration by parts suggests that the derivative dS/dx of the distribution S in direction x should be defined using the formula
The space D'(U) is turned into a locally convex topological vector space
by defining that the sequence (Sk) converges towards 0 if and only if Sk(φ) → 0 for all test functions φ. This is the case if and only if Sk converges uniformly to 0 on all bounded subsets of D(U). (A subset of E of D(U) is bounded if there exists a compact subset K of U and numbers dn such that every φ in E has its support in K and has its n-th derivatives bounded by dn.) With respect to this topology, differentiation of distributions is a continuous operator; this is an important and desirable property that is not shared by most other notions of differentiation. Furthermore, the test functions (which can itself be viewed as distributions) are dense in D'(U) with respect to this topology.
If ψ : U -> R is an infinitely often differentiable function and S is a distribution on U, we define the product Sψ by (Sψ)(φ) = S(ψφ) for all test functions φ. The ordinary product rule of calculus remains valid.
We say that a distribution S has compact support if there is a compact subset K of U such that for every test function φ whose support is completely outside of K, we have S(φ) = 0. Alternatively, one may define distributions with compact support as continuous linear functionals on the space C∞(U); the topology on C∞(U) is defined such that φk converges to 0 if and only if all derivatives of φk converge uniformly to 0 on every compact subset of U.
If both S and T are distributions on Rn and one of them has compact support, then one can define a new distribution, the convolution S*T of S and T, as follows: if φ is a test function in D(Rn) and x, y elements of Rn, write φx(y) = x + y, ψ(x) = T(φx) and (S*T)(φ) = S(ψ).
This generalizes the classical notion of convolution of functions and is compatible with differentiation in the following sense:
By using a larger space of test functions, one can define the tempered distributions, a subspace of D'(Rn). These distributions are useful if one studies the Fourier transform in generality: all tempered distributions have a Fourier transform, but not all distributions have one.
The space of test functions employed here, the so-called Schwartz-space, is the space of all infinitely differentiable rapidly decreasing functions, where φ : Rn -> R is called rapidly decreasing if any derivative of φ, multiplied with any power of |x|, converges towards 0 for |x| → ∞. These functions form a complete topological vector space if we define the topology as above for the space C∞(Rn).
The derivative of a tempered distribution is again a tempered distribution.
Tempered distributions generalize the bounded (or slow-growing) locally integrable functions; all distributions with compact support and all square-integrable functions can be viewed as tempered distributions.
To study the Fourier transform, it is best to consider complex-valued test functions and complex-linear distributions. The ordinary continuous Fourier transform F yields then an automorphism of Schwartz-space, and we can define the Fourier transform of the tempered distribution S by (FS)(φ) = S(Fφ) for every test function φ. FS is thus again a tempered distribution. The Fourier transform is a continuous, linear, bijective operator from the space of tempered distributions to itself. This operation is compatible with differentiation in the sense that
The success of the theory led to investigation of the idea of hyperfunction, in which spaces of holomorphic functions are used as test function. A refined theory has been developed, in particular by Mikio Sato, using sheaf theory and several complex variables. This extends the range of symbolic methods that can be made into rigorous mathematics, for example Feynman integrals.
See also Colombeau algebra.Basic idea
using integration by parts (note that φ is zero outside of a bounded set and that therefore no boundary values have to be taken into account). This suggests that if S is a distribution, we should define its derivative S' as the linear functional which sends the test function φ to -S(φ'). It turns out that this is the proper definition; it extends the ordinary definition of derivative, every distribution becomes infinitely often differentiable and the usual properties of derivatives hold. Formal definition
for all test functions φ. In this way, every distribution is infinitely often differentiable, and the derivative in direction x is a linear operator on D'(U).Compact support and convolution
Tempered distributions and Fourier transform
and also with convolution: if S is a tempered distribution and ψ is a slowly increasing infinitely often differentiable function on Rn (meaning that all derivatives of ψ grow at most as fast as polynomials), then Sψ is again
a tempered distribution and
Using holomorphic functions as test functions
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Distribution."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| DIC | English | Distribution industry center | N/A |
| DI | French | Distribution interne | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: DistributionSynonyms: dispersion (n), statistical distribution (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: concentration (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Apportionment | Noun: apportionment, allotment, consignment, assignment, appointment; appropriation; dispensation, distribution; division, deal; repartition, partition; administration. |
Arrangement | Noun: arrangement; plan; preparation; disposal, disposition; collocation, allocation; distribution; sorting; Verb: assortment, allotment, apportionment, taxis, taxonomy, syntaxis, graduation, organization; grouping; tabulation. |
Nonassemblage Dispersion | Noun: {opp. } dispersion; disjunction; divergence; aspersion; scattering; Verb: dissemination, diffusion, dissipation, distribution; apportionment; spread, respersion, circumfusion, interspersion, spargefaction; affusion. waifs and estrays, flotsam and jetsam, disjecta membra; waveson. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Distribution |
| English words defined with "distribution": Bernoulli distribution, binomial distribution, Boltzmann distribution law ♦ distribution free statistic, distribution law ♦ frequency distribution ♦ Gaussian distribution ♦ Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law ♦ normal distribution ♦ Poisson distribution. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "distribution": Dactylonomy ♦ Equilibrity ♦ Nemesis. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Distribution" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (distribution), French (allotment, apportionment, delivery, dispensation, distribution, division, handing out, parceling), German (distribution), Swedish (distributing, distribution). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Okay, hang on, I'm on the phone with the distribution house now, lemme make sure we got it. What was it called again? (Clerks.; writing credit: Kevin Smith) I'm not knockin' down my goddamn distribution charges! (Network; writing credit: Paddy Chayefsky) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Distribution des fonds de chômage (1918) Rue du Frontispice Distribution de farine (1918) Distribution de beure et moules aux Halles Centrales Ravitaillement de la ville (1918) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Proteins in the cytoplasm target and activate biochemical reactions in specific cellular components, such as the mitochondria and the nucleus. Within the nucleus, gene expression is activated and leads to new protein synthesis, which are formed on the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are transported via the Golgi complex for packaging and distribution to cellular membrane and for extracellular release. See artwork: (on disk in file). Credit: Jeannie Kelly (artist). |  | In vitro (tissue culture). Long-term cultured confluent AIDS-KS cells stained with Wright-Gimsa. Note the spindle shape and distribution of the cells in longitudinal fan-like arrays. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Map showing distribution of Aedes aegypti mosquito in the United States in 1964. Credit: CDC. |  | Distribution is similar to that of measles but the lesions are less intensely red. Credit: CDC. |
 | DEM biologists measure lobsters to determine size, frequency and distribution of dead lobsters. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | "A New Map of Earthquake Distribution", by Captain Nicholas Heck, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. In: The Geographical Review, Vol. XXV, 1935. Pp. 125-130. Heck noted for the first time that earthquakes were associated with the Mid- Atlantic Ridge in his accompanying paper. Heck first produced a world seismicity map showing the activity on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in 1932. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | "Distribution of Earthquakes" as published in the "Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, p. 93, May, 1936. Captain Nicholas Heck of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey noted that earthquakes were associated with the Mid- Atlantic Ridge in his accompanying paper. Heck first produced a world seismicity map showing the activity on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in 1932. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Graphic of GOES Central Data Distribution System. Credit: NOAA in Space. |
 | Since soybean crop residues are not exceptionally heavy, it is important that the combine make even distribution of the residues at harvest. The even distribution leaves a protective canopy over the soil, stopping splash erosion. Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | Dairy waste management--using the 'big-gun' effluent distribution system to distribute waste on pastures. Eastern Louisiana. Credit: Bob Nichols. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Francis Bacon | Of great riches there is no real use, except in the distribution; the rest is but conceit. |
Henry George | What has destroyed every previous civilization has been the tendency to the unequal distribution of wealth and power. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | In the distribution of this power it is declared that "the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country, by a more equable distribution of the population over the country. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The distribution of expenses will, in the event of disagreement, be submitted to arbitration. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | In the second of the distribution of enjoyment. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Both species are worldwide in distribution. (references) | |
WIN encourages unlimited duplication and distribution of this fact sheet. (references) | ||
A multicenter sentinel surveillance system monitors serotype distribution. (references) | ||
Business | Direct distribution, however, is still common practice. (references) | |
The geographic distribution of ATMs is uneven in China. (references) | ||
This overall share distribution is expected to continue. (references) | ||
Children | Germany | For possession of child pornography, the maximum sentence is 1 year's imprisonment; the sentence for distribution is 5 years. (references) |
Switzerland | The production, possession, distribution, or showing of hard pornography are crimes punishable with fines or prison sentences. (references) | |
Japan | However, in 1999 the Diet passed a law banning sex with persons under age 18 as well as the production, sale, or distribution of child pornography. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Estonia | All newsprint, printing, and distribution facilities are private companies. (references) |
India | A government censorship board reviews films before licensing them for distribution. (references) | |
Macedonia | Several privately owned publications have a wide distribution throughout the country. (references) | |
Economic History | Georgia | Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution. (references) |
Russia | The crisis consolidated the distribution sector. (references) | |
Romania | Product distribution is another important factor. (references) | |
Human Rights | Korea | In September the Government permitted Japanese officials to observe the distribution of Japanese-donated rice for a few days. (references) |
Tunisia | In February Robert Menard, secretary general of RSF, was deported for distribution of illegal information for handing out copies of an unauthorized newspaper in downtown Tunis. (references) | |
Taiwan | Judicial decisions no longer are subject to review by presiding judges, except in the case of decisions by "assistant judges." The judges themselves decide upon distribution of cases. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Russia | The principal problems for indigenous people are the distribution of necessary supplies and services, particularly in the winter months for those who live in the far north, and disputed claims to profits from exploitation of natural resources. (references) |
Minorities | Zimbabwe | Members of the Ndebele community continued to criticize the Government's unequal distribution of national resources and the Government's failure to compensate victims of the 1980's Matabeleland killings. (references) |
Netherlands | Of these cases, 75 percent concerned racist defamation; 11 percent distribution of racist material; 8 percent discrimination in the exercise of a profession or office; and 7 percent incitement to hatred, discrimination or violence. (references) | |
Political Economy | Botswana | Rural poverty remains a serious problem, as does a widely skewed income distribution. (references) |
PARAGUAY | However, labeling of imported goods at distribution centers within Paraguay is still commonplace. (references) | |
Panama | Poverty persists and income distribution remains extremely skewed with large disparities between rich and poor. (references) | |
Political Rights | Mauritania | Prior to the elections in October, the Government completed the distribution of hard-to-falsify identity cards. (references) |
Georgia | The OSCE also raised concerns about the transparency of the candidate registration process and ballot distribution. (references) | |
Nicaragua | The 1995 reforms to the 1987 Constitution established a more equal distribution of power and authority among the four coequal branches of government. (references) | |
Trade | Nigeria | To undertake the preparation and the distribution of standards samples. (references) |
Burma | Poor infrastructure is a major impediment to distribution of goods and services. (references) | |
Nicaragua | Products must be packaged for retail distribution and the dose of the medicine listed. (references) | |
Travel | Chile | High foreign and domestic investment have added new technologies to industrial processes and increased competition in distribution and marketing. (references) |
Women | Malawi | Households headed by women are represented disproportionately in the lowest quarter of income distribution. (references) |
Gabon | For monogynous married couples, a common property law provides for the equal distribution of assets after divorce. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Bahrain | The Ministry approves the GCBW's rules and the distribution of the GCBW's funds. (references) |
Nepal | Resettlement of the Kamaiyas began on January 18, and distribution of land began in March. (references) | |
Belarus | In 1999 a Board of Morals and Illegal Distribution of Drugs was created by the Ministry of the Interior, but the Board has not been effective. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MAIDEN, n. A young person of the unfair sex addicted to clewless conduct and views that madden to crime. The genus has a wide geographical distribution, being found wherever sought and deplored wherever found. The maiden is not altogether unpleasing to the eye, nor (without her piano and her views) insupportable to the ear, though in respect to comeliness distinctly inferior to the rainbow, and, with regard to the part of her that is audible, bleating out of the field by the canary -- which, also, is more portable. A lovelorn maiden she sat and sang -- This quaint, sweet song sang she; "It's O for a youth with a football bang And a muscle fair to see! The Captain he Of a team to be! On the gridiron he shall shine, A monarch by right divine, And never to roast on it -- me!" Opoline Jones |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | How far it may be expedient to guard the infancy of this improvement in the distribution of labor by regulations of the commercial tariff is a subject which can not fail to suggest itself to your patriotic reflections. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | A distribution to the people is impracticable and unjust in other respects. |
Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889; 1893-1897 | If we exact from unwilling minds acquiescence in the theory of an honest distribution of the fund of the governmental beneficence treasured up for all, we but insist upon a principle which underlies our free institutions. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | The normal balances have been impaired, the channels of distribution have been clogged, the relations of labor and management have been strained. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | We must make increased use of our food as an instrument of peace-making it available by sale or trade or loan or donation-to hungry people in all nations which tell us of their needs and accept proper conditions of distribution. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Distribution" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.98% of the time. "Distribution" is used about 6,287 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.98% | 6,286 | 1,547 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.02% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 6,287 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| France | Souriau Distribution | Japan | Fuji Distribution Co., Ltd. |
| New Zealand | Horizon Energy Distribution Limited | Singapore | CWT Distribution Limited |
| South Africa | Distribution and Warehousing Network Limited | United Kingdom | Aim Distribution Trust P.L.C. |
| USA | Central European Distribution Corp. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "distribution": Age Distribution ♦ air distribution duct ♦ alternate current distribution system ♦ amplitude probability distribution ♦ architecture Neutral Distribution Format ♦ Arnold distribution ♦ automatic call distribution ♦ Berkeley System Distribution ♦ Bernoulli distribution ♦ Bessel function distribution ♦ bicharacteristic distribution ♦ Bingham's distribution ♦ binomial distribution ♦ binominal distribution ♦ bivariate beta distribution ♦ bivariate binomial distribution ♦ bivariate Cauchy distribution ♦ bivariate distribution ♦ bivariate gamma distribution ♦ bivariate logarithmic distribution ♦ bivariate normal distribution ♦ bivariate Pareto distribution ♦ bivariate Pascal distribution ♦ bivariate Poisson distribution ♦ bivariate Student distribution ♦ bivariate type II distribution ♦ bivariate uniform distribution ♦ Boltzmann distribution ♦ boltzmann distribution law ♦ Bose distribution ♦ Bradford distribution ♦ broadband distribution service ♦ cable distribution head ♦ cabled distribution ♦ categorical distribution ♦ causal distribution ♦ Central fat distribution ♦ channels of distribution ♦ chi distribution ♦ chi square distribution ♦ Chi-Square Distribution ♦ compound negative multinomial distribution ♦ Countercurrent Distribution ♦ cumulative probability distribution ♦ decapitated negative binomial distribution ♦ degenerate distribution ♦ deterministic distribution ♦ direct current distribution system ♦ discrete Pareto distribution ♦ discrete type III distribution ♦ distribution agreement ♦ distribution application ♦ distribution block ♦ distribution centre ♦ distribution channel ♦ distribution channels ♦ distribution charges ♦ distribution cost ♦ distribution frame ♦ distribution free statistic ♦ distribution law ♦ distribution list ♦ distribution network ♦ distribution octane number method ♦ distribution of earnings ♦ distribution of electrical energy ♦ distribution of households according to the characteristics of housing and of the households'equipment by degree of urbanisation ♦ distribution of households according to the characteristics of housing and of the households'equipment by degree of urbanization ♦ distribution of households according to the characteristics of housing and of the households'equipment by type of aggregated household ♦ distribution of households according to the number of repaid instalments ♦ distribution of income ♦ distribution of ministerial post ♦ distribution of run lengths ♦ distribution outlets ♦ distribution per stirpes ♦ distribution point ♦ distribution policy ♦ distribution substation ♦ distribution system ♦ distribution undertaking ♦ distribution utility ♦ double Poisson distribution ♦ doubly truncated normal distribution ♦ elliptic lift distribution ♦ equally correlated distribution ♦ fiducial distribution ♦ fiducial probability distribution ♦ fire distribution ♦ Fréchet distribution ♦ frequency distribution ♦ gabled distribution ♦ Garwood distribution ♦ gaussian distribution ♦ generalised distribution ♦ generalised gamma distribution ♦ generalised multinomial distribution ♦ generalised normal distribution ♦ generalised T2 distribution ♦ generalized distribution ♦ generalized gamma distribution ♦ generalized multinomial distribution. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "distribution": distribution-based, distribution-valued. | |
Ending with "distribution": re-distribution. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "distribution"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | dhënie (administration, allocation, assignation, award, cession, conferment, dispensation, disposal, donation, grant, issue, presentation, settlement), shpërndarje (allocation, apportion, deal, delivery, deployment, diaspora, diffusion, dismissal, dismission, dispensation, dispersal, dispersion, dissipation, dissolution, division, layout, share out, spread, spreading), përhapje (diffusion, dilatation, dilation, dissemination, divulge, expansion, extension, leakage, occurrence, permeation, pervasion, prevalence, promulgation, propagation, semination, spread, spreading, transmission, waft), marketing (marketing), klasifikim (classification, gradation, rating, sorting), kategorizim, grupim (alignment, bracket, grouping). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | توزيع (allocation, allotment, apportionment, delivery, dispensation, divide, division, parceling, part), توزع, تسويق السلع, تصنيف (assortment, breed, classification, compilation, digestion, place, ranking, rating, sorting, standing, table), تبويب (classification, tabulation), التوزيع (deal), الشيء الموزع. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | разпространение (amplification, circulation, currency, diffusion, dilatation, dilation, extension, incidence, pervasion, proliferation, spread), разпределение (alignment), разпиляване (dilapidation, dispersal, dispersion, spillage, spreading), раздаване (dispensation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 分發 (distribute), 分布 (Distribute, Distributed, Distributing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | distribuce (issuance), roztřídìní, rozdìlení (deal, dismemberment, dispensation, partition, severance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | fordeling (allocation, allotment, breakdown, dispatching, dissemination, galaxy, make-up, partition, regulating, shaping, spread, spreading), distribution (spread). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | verdeling (division), distributie (spread), uitreiking (delivery, issue). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | distribuo, disdono. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | jakelu (dealing out, delivery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | distribution (dispensation, division), répartition (dividing, division), diffusion (diffusion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | distribúsje. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | verteilung (allocation, apportionment, casting, deployment, dispensation, distributing, spread), distribution (distraction, spread), austeilung (administration, dealing, dispensation, handing out, serving). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | διανομή (allocation, apportionment, assignation, delivery, dispensation), κατανομή (allocation, allotment, attribution). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | תפוצ" (circulation, currency, dispersion, scattering, spread), פלו' (division, schism, separation, split), פזור (demilitarization, diffusion, dispersal, dispersion, dissipation, scatter, scattered, scattering, spread), חלוק" (assignation, dispensation, division, partition, pitch, segmentation), "פצ" (circulation, dissemination, promulgation, propagation, scattering, spread). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | elosztás (allocation, break, dispensation, dispersion, division, spacing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | distribusi, penyaluran, pemberian (allocation, conferral, endowment, giving, issue), pembagian (allotment, division, sharing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | distribuzione (allotment, deal, dealing out, delivery, dispensation, release, sharing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 賦与 , '布 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | わりつけ (allocation, allotment, assignment, editing, layout), は"ぷ (canvas, sailcloth), はい (actor, arrangement, ash, disposition, lung, put on, wear, worship), はい"う (abolition and amalgamation, arrangement, combination, harmony, match, mixture, pseudonym of a haiku poet), はいふ (apportionment, bottom of one's heart, dealing out, distributing, lungs, vital point), はいぶ" (allotment, hear, listen to, prose with a poetic haiku flavor), はいし" (betrayal, infidelity), は""う (circulation, clan school, counteroffensive, crime, criminal act, daimyo, defiance, feudal lord, han school, hostility, insubordination, offence, opposition, printing, promulgation, publishing, rebellion, resistance, sealling), はいたつ (delivery), ディストリ"ューション , りゅうつう (circulation of money or goods, flow of water or air), ふよ (allowance, assignment, emperor's illness, endowment, grant, indisposition, unhappiness), ぶ"よ (allocation, dispensation, impartation), ぶ"ぷ (allocation, assignment), ぶ"さ" (decentralization, dispersion, variance), ぶつりゅう (distribution of goods), はいきゅう (mixing of pitches). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 배급 (rationing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | scaalhean (broadcast, dispersion, rout, scattering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | utdeling (dispensation), fordeling. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | distribushon. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | istributionday distribuição de probabilidade acumulada (cumulative probability distribution, probability distribution function), distribuição de aplicação (distribution application), distribuição, distribução (spread), repartição (bureau, department, dispensation, division, parceling, parcelling, partition, service). (various references) distribuire (admeasurement, administration, allotment, apportionment, collocation, dealing out, dispensation, division, repartition), difuzare (diffusion, emission, spread, spreading), retribuţie (pay off, remuneration, retribution, salary), repartiţie (allocation, allotment, division, repartition), împãrţire (admeasurement, apportionment, comminution, dispensation, division, impartation, impartment, partition, retribution). (various references) рассылка, распространение (diffusion, dispersal, dispersion, disseminate, dissemination, occurrence, penetration, pervasion, prevalence, proliferation, promulgation, propagation, semination, shedding, spread, spreading), распределение (allocation, allotment, aportionment, apportionment, dealing, dispensation, mappings, spreading, timing), разверстка (assessment), раздача (dispensation). (various references) distribucija (release), deoba (division, divvy), raspodela (allocation, allotment, apportionment, distributing), podela (deal, division, inning, partition). (various references) distribución (allocation, breakdown, delivery, handout, issue, ladle, range, vending). (various references) utdelning (administration, allotment, delivery, dispensation, dividend, issue, share out), utbredning (currency, expanse, expansion, incidence, prevalence, spread, spreading), spridning (circulation, cirkulation, currency, deployment, diffusion, dispersal, dispersion, passage, proliferation), distribution (distributing). (various references) dağıtım (circulation, deploy, dispensation, dispersal, dispersion, distributing, distributive, dividing, division, handling, repartition), dağılma (breakup, creepage, diffusibility, diffusion, disbandment, disintegration, dispersal, dispersion, dissolution, sprawl, spread, tapping), dağılım (dispersion), düzenleme (arrangement, collocation, execution, hatcher, layout, make up, organizing, regulation, reorganization, setting, trimming), yayma (circulation, communication, diffusion, dissemination, dissipation, divulgation, divulgement, divulgence, emission, evolution, laying, promulgation, propagation, spreading, suffusion), yayılma (contagion, creep, creepage, deploy, deployment, diffusion, dispersal, enlargement, expanse, expansiveness, metastasis, pervasion, propagation, sprawl, spread, suffusion), serpme (aspersion, perfusion, splash, spreading, sprinkling, strewing), bölüştürme (allocation, allotment, apportionment). (various references) розподіл (administration, allocation, allotment, assignment, break down, classification, dealing, dispensation, division, ordering, ordonnance, partition), класифікація (classification, division, grouping, ordination, sizing, sorting, system), поширення (amplification, circulation, diffusion, dispersal, dispersion, occurrence, outspread, pervasion, prevalence, prevalency, proliferation, promulgation, propagation, spread, spreading). (various references) sự xếp loại, sự rải sự sắp xếp, sự phân phối (allotment, delivery), sự phân phát sự rắc, sự phân bổ. (various references) dosbarthiad. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | dispensatio, distributio, distributionibus, divisio, divisione, divisionem, divisiones, divisionibus, divisionum, divisionumque, partitiones. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 6, Verse 2 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Proskalesamenoi de oi dwdeka to plhqoV twn maqhtwn eipon ouk areston estin hmaV kataleiyantaV ton logon tou qeou diakonein trapezaiV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Convocantes autem duodecim multitudinem discipulorum dixerunt non est aequum nos derelinquere verbum Dei et ministrare mensis |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And the twelue clepiden togidere the multitude of disciplis, and seiden, It is not ryytful, that we leeuen the word of God, and mynystren to boordis. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples to gether and sayde: it is not mete that we shuld leave the worde of God and serve at the tables. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And the Apostles sent for all the disciples and said, It is not right for us to give up preaching the word of God in order to make distribution of food. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 6, Verse 2 |
| Albanian | Atëherë të dymbëdhjetët, pasi mblodhën numrin e madh të dishepujve, thanë: ''Nuk është mirë që ne të lëmë fjalën e Perëndisë për të shërbyer nëpër tryeza. |
| Cebuano | Tungod niini ang Napulog-Duha nagpatigum sa katilingban sa mga tinun-an ug miingon kanila, "Dili angay nga biyaan namo ang pagwali sa pulong sa Dios aron kami maoy mangunay sa pagpangapod-apod sa mga pagkaon. |
| Chinese | 十 二 使 ' 叫 眾 門 ' 來 、 對 他 們 說 、 我 們 ' 下 神 的 " 、 去 管 理 飯 食 、 原 是 不 合 宜 的 。 |
| Croatian | Dvanaestorica nato sazvaše mnoštvo uèenika i rekoše: "Nije pravo da mi napustimo rijeè Božju da bismo služili kod stolova. |
| Danish | Da sammenkaldte de tolv Disciplenes Skare og sagde: "Det huer os ikke at forlade Guds Ord for at tjene ved Bordene. |
| Dutch | En de twaalven riepen de menigte der discipelen tot zich, en zeiden: Het is niet behoorlijk, dat wij het Woord Gods nalaten, en de tafelen dienen. |
| Finnish | Niin ne kaksitoista kutsuivat kokoon opetuslasten joukon ja sanoivat: "Ei ole soveliasta, että me laiminlyömme Jumalan sanan toimittaaksemme pöytäpalvelusta. |
| French | Les douze convoquèrent la multitude des disciples, et dirent: Il n`est pas convenable que nous laissions la parole de Dieu pour servir aux tables. |
| German | Da riefen die Zwölf die Menge der Jünger zusammen und sprachen: Es taugt nicht, daß wir das Wort Gottes unterlassen und zu Tische dienen. |
| Hungarian | Annakokáért a tizenkettõ egybegyûjtvén a tanítványok sokaságát, mondának: Nem helyes, hogy mi az Isten ígéjét elhagyjuk és az asztalok körül szolgáljunk. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Oleh sebab itu, kedua belas rasul-rasul itu mengumpulkan semua pengikut dan berkata kepada mereka, "Tidak baik kalau kami berhenti memberitakan perkataan Allah, karena harus mengurus soal-soal makanan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Lalu kedua belas rasul itu menghimpunkan sekalian murid yang banyak itu, serta berkata, "Tiada patut kami ini melalaikan pemberitaan firman Allah sebab melayani meja. |
| Italian | Allora i Dodici convocarono il gruppo dei discepoli e dissero: «Non è giusto che noi trascuriamo la parola di Dio per il servizio delle mense. |
| Latvian | Tad tie divpadsmit, sasaukuði daudz mâcekïu, sacîja: Nepieklâjas mums atstât Dieva vârdu un kalpot galdam. |
| Maori | Katahi ka karangatia e te tekau ma rua te mano o nga akonga, ka mea, E kore e pai kia whakarerea e matou te kupu a te Atua, a kia mahi tepu. |
| Norwegian | Da kalte de tolv hele disippelskaren sammen og sa: Det er ikke tilbørlig at vi forlater Guds ord og gjør tjeneste ved bordene; |
| Rumanian | Cei doisprezece au adunat mulyimea ucenicilor, wi au zis: ,,Nu este potrivit pentru noi sq lqsqm Cuvkntul lui Dumnezeu ca sq slujim la mese. |
| Shuar | Túruinia Jesusa tuse akatramuri Ashí Yus-shuaran irurar tiarmiayi "Iisha Yus-Chicham etserkatin iniaisar yurumak Súsachminiaitji. |
| Spanish | Así que, los doce convocaron a la multitud de los discípulos y dijeron: --No conviene que nosotros descuidemos la palabra de Dios para servir a las mesas. |
| Swahili | Kwa hiyo, mitume kumi na wawili waliita jumuiya yote ya wanafunzi, wakasema, "Si vizuri sisi tuache kulihubiri neno la Mungu ili tushughulikie ugawaji wa mahitaji. |
| Swedish | Då sammankallade de tolv hela lärjungaskaran och sade: "Det är icke tillbörligt att vi försumma Guds ord för att göra tjänst vid borden. |
| Uma | Toe pai' suro Pue' Yesus to hampulu' rodua mpokio' hawe'ea topetuku' Yesus bona morumpu, pai' ra'uli' -raka: "Uma-hawo lompe' ane kai' mpo'urusi pompobagi koni', apa' uma mpai' hono' loga-kai mpokeni Lolita Alata'ala. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "distribution": distributional, distributions. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "distribution": maldistribution, misdistribution, redistribution. (additional references) | |
Words containing "distribution": maldistributions, misdistributions, redistributional, redistributionist, redistributionists, redistributions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Distribution" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: destribution, disribution, distibution, distrabution, distributio, distributuion, distrubiton, distrubution. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "distribution" (pronounced di'strubyuw"shun) |
| 10 | -s t r u b y uw" sh u n | redistribution. |
| 9 | -t r u b y uw" sh u n | attribution, contribution, retribution. |
| 5 | -y uw" sh u n | electrocution, elocution, execution, lilliputian, persecution, prosecution. |
| 4 | -uw" sh u n | absolution, constitution, counterrevolution, devolution, dilution, diminution, dissolution, evolution, institution, pollution, prostitution, resolution, restitution, revolution, solution, substitution. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absorption, abstraction, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoption, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attraction, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, corruption, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dimension, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, egyptian, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, preconception, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, proscription, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redemption, redirection, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, restriction, resumption, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subscription, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "b-d-i-i-i-n-o-r-s-t-t-u" | |
-4 letters: introits, ouistiti, tuitions. | |
-5 letters: biotins, bistort, bundist, burtons, buttons, dinitro, distort, disturb, diurons, durions, dustbin, inburst, intorts, introit, intrust, intuits, ironist, nitrids, nitrous, obtunds, outbids, sordini, sunbird, tidbits, tourist, tritons, tuition, turbits, turbots. | |
| Words containing the letters "b-d-i-i-i-n-o-r-s-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: distributions. | |
+2 letters: distributional, redistribution. | |
+3 letters: maldistribution, misdistribution, redistributions. | |
+4 letters: maldistributions, misdistributions, redistributional. | |
+5 letters: redistributionist. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)44 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)-.. .. ... - .-. .. -... ..- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000100 01101001 01110011 01110100 01110010 01101001 01100010 01110101 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)D i s t r i b u t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0044 0069 0073 0074 0072 0069 0062 0075 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)387585868475688786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Company Usage 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Bible Trace 20. Abbreviations | 21. Acronyms 22. Derivations 23. Rhymes 24. Anagrams | 25. Orthography 26. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
