Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Southern |
SouthernAdjective1. In or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line; "Southern hospitality"; "southern cooking"; "southern plantations". 2. Situated in or oriented toward the south; "a southern exposure"; "took a southerly course". 3. Situated in or coming from regions of the south; "the southern hemisphere"; "southern constellations". 4. From the south; used especially of wind; "a hot south wind"; "southern breezes"; "the winds are southerly". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "southern" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Note: Southern \South"ern, adjective. [Anglo-Saxon. See South.]. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an imaginary rotating sphere of "gigantic radius", concentric with the Earth. All objects in the sky can be thought of as lying upon the sphere. Projected, from their corresponding terran equivalents, are the celestial equator and the celestial poles.
Many ancient societies believed that the stars were equidistant from the Earth and that this sphere was a real model of the universe. This model is a useful abstraction, but not correct. Everything we see in the sky is so very far away, that their distances are impossible to gauge just by looking at them. Since their distances are indeterminate, you only need to know the direction toward the object to locate it in the sky. In this sense, the celestial sphere model is a very practical tool for positional astronomy.
As the Earth rotates on its axis, the objects on the celestial sphere will appear to rotate around the celestial poles every 24 hours, this is diurnal motion. For example the Sun will typically appear to rise in the east and set in the west, as will the stars, planets and moon. On each subsequent night, a given star will rise ~4 minutes earlier than it rose the previous night. Superimposed on diurnal motion is; intrinsic motion as the objects change their relative positions, with respect to Earth. For example, over the course of a year the Sun, relative to the background stars, will follow a bisecting great circle (known as the ecliptic).
See also: prograde and retrograde motion
The celestial sphere is divided by projecting the equator into space. This divides the sphere into the north celestial hemisphere and the south celestial hemisphere. Likewise, one can locate the Celestial Tropic of Cancer, Celestial Tropic of Capricorn, North Celestial Pole, and South Celestial Pole.
As the earth rotates from west to east, the celestial sphere appears to rotate from east to west. Some stars are sufficiently near the celestial poles such that they appear to hover just above the horizon, such stars are circumpolar.
The directions toward various objects in the sky can be quantified by constructing a celestial coordinate system.
see also: circle of latitude, equinox, Moon, solstice, Sun, zodiac
See also: Geocentric universe
External Link
- SkyandTelescope.com SkyChart
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Celestial sphere."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Confederate States of America (CSA) was the government formed by the southern states that seceded from the United States during the period of the American Civil War. The CSA was formed on February 8, 1861 and Jefferson Davis was selected as its first president the next day.
Its constitution was very similar to that of the United States (or the "Union"), although it reflected a stronger philosophy of states' rights, and it also contained an explicit protection of the institution of slavery.
Unlike the U.S. president, the president of the Confederacy was to be elected to a six-year term and could not be reelected. The only president was Jefferson Davis; the Confederacy was defeated by Union forces before he could finish out his term. Although the preamble refers to "each State acting in its sovereign and independent character", it also refers to the formation of a "permanent federal government," thus seeming to deny to the Southern states the very right to secession that they claimed for themselves when they left the United States. Also, although slavery was enshrined in the constitution, it also prohibited the importation of new slaves from outside the Confederacy.
Although negotiations took place between the Confederacy and several European powers (including France and England), it was never granted formal recognition by any foreign state.
The capital of the Confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama, from February 4 1861 until May 29 1861, when it was moved to Richmond, Virginia (Richmond was named the new capital on May 6). Shortly before the end of the war the Confederate government evacuated Richmond with plans to relocate further south, but little came of this before Lee's surrender.
The official flag of the Confederacy, and the one actually called the "Stars and Bars," was sometimes hard to distinguish from the Union flag under battle conditions, so the Confederate battle flag, the "Southern Cross," became the one more commonly used and, therefore, the one most people associate with the Confederacy today. (It is often called the "Stars and Bars," too, but should not be.) The Stars and Bars had seven stars, for the seven states that had seceded from the Union by the time it was adopted; the Southern Cross had thirteen stars, for the eleven states that did secede and for the two that were admitted to the Confederacy but that had either declared neutrality or been prevented from seceding by Union occupation, so they had representatives in both governments: Kentucky and Missouri.
Stars and Bars Southern Cross See also: Flags of the Confederate States of America
Timeline
- December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union.
- February, 1861 - A constitutional convention prepares a provisional constitution and chooses members of a provisional government.
- March 11, 1861 - A permanent constitution is ratified.
- February 18, 1862 - A permanent legislature is established.
- January 5, 1863 - Jefferson Davis reacts to Emancipation Proclamation with speech calling for free blacks to be reenslaved
- March 13, 1865 - Faced with severe manpower shortages the CSA reluctantly agreed to use African American troops.
- March 18, 1865 - The Congress of the CSA adjourned for the last time.
- April 2, 1865 - Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
- April 3, 1865 - Union forces capture the capital Richmond, Virginia.
- April 9, 1865 - Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, thereby effectively putting an end to the Confederacy.
States that seceded
- South Carolina (December 20, 1860)
- Mississippi (January 9, 1861)
- Florida (January 10,1861)
- Alabama (January 11, 1861)
- Georgia (January 19, 1861)
- Louisiana (January 26, 1861)
- Texas (February 1, 1861)
- Virginia (April 17, 1861)
- Arkansas (May 6, 1861)
- Tennessee (May 7, 1861)
- North Carolina (May 21, 1861)
Important persons
- Jefferson Davis (Mississippi) - President
- Robert E. Lee (Virginia) - General
- Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Georgia) - Vice-President
- Robert Toombs (Georgia) - (1st) Secretary of State
- Leroy Pope Walker - (1st) Secretary of War
- John C. Breckinridge - (2nd) Secretary of War and former V.P. of the U.S. under James Buchanan
- Judah P. Benjamin - Attorney General & (later) Secretary of War & (later) Secretary of State)
- Stephen R. Mallory - Secretary of the Navy
- Christopher G. Memminger - Secretary of the Treasury
- John H. Reagen (of Texas) - Postmaster General
- Howell Cobb - President of Congress
- William L. Yancey - Senator & Commissioner
- Albert Sidney Johnston (Mississippi) - General
- Joseph E. Johnston (Virginia) - General
- Braxton Bragg (North Carolina) - General
- P.G.T. Beauregard (Louisiana) - General
- James Longstreet - Lieut. General
- Nathan Bedford Forrest (Mississippi) - Lieut. General
- Jeb Stuart (Virginia) - Maj. General
- Edward Porter Alexander (Georgia) - Brig. General
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Confederate States of America."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
South is one of the four cardinal or compass directions. It is the opposite of north and at right angles to east and west.
True south is the direction towards the southern end of the axis about which the earth rotates, called the South Pole. The South Pole is located in Antarctica. Magnetic south is the direction towards the south magnetic pole, some distance away from the south geographic pole.
It is the direction to the right of an observer facing east.
The term The South is often used to refer to the less culturally and technologically advanced nations of the world (or, more generally, to regions within particular nations).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "South."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Southern District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. Population (2000): 282,400. It is located in the southern part of Hong Kong Island. It includes the following areas:
See also: List of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong
- Stanley, Hong Kong
- Repulse Bay, Hong Kong
- Deepwater Bay, Hong Kong
- Aberdeen, Hong Kong
- Aberdeen Harbor, Hong Kong
- Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
- Ocean Park, Hong Kong
External link
- District Council website
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Southern District, Hong Kong."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
There were (at least) two railway systems named Southern Railway
- The Southern Railway in southern England.
- The Southern Railway in the southern United States.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Southern Railway."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Southern rap (or Dirty South) is a type of hip hop that emerged in the mid-1990s as a popular force, based out of Atlanta first, then extending New Orleans, St. Louis and Miami, among other cities.In the late 1980s, a distinctive bass-heavy scene Miami bass evolved out of electro hop and similar hip hop-influenced dance scenes, in Miami, including Luther Campbell and his group, 2 Live Crew. 2 Live Crew burst into notoriety after their album, Nasty As They Wanna Be was banned in a Florida town and the group was subsquently arrested on obscenity charges after performing; the charges were eventually dismissed.
The first Southern rap crew to achieve success based on their music and not controversy was Arrested Development, and their brand of uplifting, spiritual party singles -- the sound was a world apart from the sexually explicit, bass heavy party music of Miami, but sales were swift and reviews were raving, though Arrested Development was not able to keep their momentum going. Their success did set the stage for the mainstream breakthrough of southern rap, OutKast and Goodie Mob in the middle of the decade.
OutKast, more than any other group, put Atlanta on the hip hop map and quickly became one of the most popular groups in hip hop. Aquemini was a groundbreaking album that redefined southern rap especially, and all of hip hop. With the success of OutKast and other Organized Noize-affiliated rappers, a new, more commercially-oriented brand of southern rap became popular in New Orleans. For the next few years, Atlanta-based rappers sold moderately and received rave reviews, while No Limit and Cash Money released a series of pop gangsta rap albums, most notably from Master P and Juvenile. The commercial center of southern rap grew less important as the millennium ended, and was soon challenged by St. Louis as the pop capital of southern rap. Recently, the Southern crunk style has gained national popularity.
- 2 Live Crew
- The 69 Boyz
- 95 South
- Arrested Development
- Brotha Lynch Hung
- C-Murder
- DJ Magic Mike
- Eightball & MJG
- Fiend
- Freak Nasty
- The Geto Boys
- Goodie Mob
- The Hard Boys
- Juvenile
- Lil Keke
- Luke
- Luther Campbell
- Kane & Abel
- Masai
- Master P
- Mia X
- Mr. Serv-On
- Mystikal
- Nelly
- OutKast
- Project Pat
- Quad City DJ's
- Scarface
- Silkk Tha Shocker
- Soulja Slim
- Tag Team
- Three 6 Mafia
- Tru
- Witchdocter
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Southern rap."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The term The South is often used to refer to the poorer, less technologically advanced nations of the world as opposed to The North, which is richer and more developed. In some cases the compass direction south is not accurate; Australia is in this sense a Northern country, even though it is not north of the equator. The phrase rich north, poor south is sometimes used.
The term The South can also be used to indicate the southern part of a particular country or geographical region. Within that region, if places with a common characteristic are mostly found in the south, then the South becomes a synonym for that characteristic.
- Italy is one of several countries with a north-south divide where the poorer regions are in the south. The South is mainly agricultural, whilst the North is the richer industrial and commercial heartland of the country.
- In England, by contrast, the South (or more acurately the South-east) is relativelty rich. It is the home to two-thirds of the population, and attracts higher salaries and greater job prospects than the North.
- In the United States of America, the South refers to those states which seceded at the time of the American Civil War (see U.S. Southern States and Confederacy). These states were also more agricultural, while the Northern states were more industrial, meaning the North benefited more from the Industrial Revolution than the South. This difference was important in the Civil War, as it allowed for better equipment and manufacturing overall in the North, contributing to the Union victory.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "The South."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The U.S. Southern States or The South is perhaps the most distinctive region of the United States having its own unique historical prespective, customs and cuisine. There is some overlap with The Southwest and the Mid-Atlantic States. In addition, Missouri is sometimes considered part of the South.The South is nicknamed Dixie. A song by that title was written by an Ohio minstrel show composer, Daniel D. Emmett, first published by Phillip Werlein in New Orleans in 1859.
Dark red states are in the South region.States always considered part of the South are:
Additionally, these states are sometimes included:
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Florida
- Georgia
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
The American Civil War (1861-65) devastated the Old South socially and economically and the scars left by the war took decades to heal. Today, the "New South" has evolved into a manufacturing region and high-rise buildings crowd the skylines of such cities as Atlanta, Houston, Dallas and Little Rock. The region is blessed with plentiful rainfall and a mild to warm climate. Crops grow easily in its soil and can be grown without frost for at least six months of the year.
- Delaware
- Maryland
- Missouri
- Oklahoma
- Texas
- West Virginia
Like New England, the South was first settled by English Protestants. The South received the continent's largest population of enslaved Africans; in some states their descendants outnumbered people of European descent in the 19th century. Whereas New Englanders tended to stress their differences from the British, Southern whites tended to emulate them. Even so, Southerners were prominent among the leaders of the American Revolution, and four of America's first five presidents were Virginians. After 1800, however, the interests of the manufacturing North and the agrarian South began to diverge.
Especially in coastal areas, southern settlers grew wealthy by raising and selling cotton and tobacco. The most economical way to raise these crops was on large farms, called plantations, which required the work of many laborers. To supply this need, plantation owners relied on slaves brought from Africa, and slavery spread throughout the South.
Slavery was the most contentious issue dividing North and South. To many northerners it was immoral; to many southerners it was integral to their way of life. In 1860, 11 southern states left the Union intending to form a separate nation, the Confederate States of America. This rupture led to the American Civil War, the Confederacy's defeat, and the end of slavery. The scars left by the war took decades to heal. The abolition of slavery failed to provide African Americans with political or economic equality: Southern towns and cities legalized and refined the practice of racial segregation.
It took a long, concerted effort by African Americans and their supporters to end segregation. In the meantime, however, the South could point with pride to a 20th-century regional outpouring of literature by, among others, William Faulkner, Thomas Wolfe, Robert Penn Warren, Katherine Anne Porter, Tennessee Williams, Eudora Welty, and Flannery O'Connor.
As southerners, black and white, shook off the effects of slavery and racial division, a new regional pride expressed itself under the banner of "the New South" and in such events as the annual Spoleto Music Festival in Charleston, South Carolina, and the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. Today the South has evolved into a manufacturing region, and high-rise buildings crowd the skylines of such cities as Atlanta, Houston and Little Rock, Arkansas. Owing to its mild weather, the South has become a mecca for retirees from other U.S. regions and from Canada.
Exceptions within the region
- Southern Louisiana, having been colonized by France and Spain rather than Great Britain, has a different culture and traditions, especially with the Cajun culture of south west Louisiana, and the Creole French, Latin American and Caribbean influenced culture of the New Orleans area.
- Texas was part of New Spain and then Mexico and has Hispanic influence in its culture. In many ways Texas has one foot in the South, and one in the Southwest.
- Miami, Florida has become more a part of the culture of the Caribbean, with a large influxes of immigrants from Cuba, Puerto Rico, Haiti and other parts of Central America and Latin America.
Related topics
- The West
- The Southwest
- The Midwest
- Mid-Atlantic States
- New England
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "U.S. Southern States."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| SOAC | English | Southern Oceans and Antarctic Coalition | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: SouthernSynonym: southerly (adj). (additional references) |
| Antonym: northern (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Contraposition | Northern, septentrional, Boreal, arctic; Southern, Austral, antarctic. |
World | Constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Southern |
| English words defined with "southern": Southern Baptist Convention, southern beech, southern bog lemming, Southern Cross, Southern dewberry, Southern Fish, southern flounder, southern lights, southern magnolia, southern porgy, southern scup, Southern States, Southern Triangle, Southern Yemeni dinar, Southern Yemeni monetary unit. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "southern": Blotting, Southern ♦ Southern Dairy Compact, Southern Gate of the Sun. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "southern": Southren. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | An armed Negro cowboy costume in a room full of white, Southern, former slave-owners (Wild Wild West; writing credit: Jim Thomas; John Thomas) I was raised in a beautiful southern convent (Chicago; writing credit: Maurine Dallas Watkins; Bob Fosse) The locale is Turkey, southern Turkey (The Hollywood Revue of 1929; writing credit: Al Boasberg; Robert E. Hopkins) If you had brain one in that huge melon on top of your neck, you'd be living the sweet life out in southern California's beautiful San Fernando Valley (Ghostbusters II; writing credit: Dan Aykroyd; Harold Ramis) Nothing like good old southern California for lots of sunshine (The Entity; writing credit: Frank De Felitta;) | |
Lyrics | Southern Hospitality we overall mean (Southern Hospitality; performing artist: Ludacris) My home's in Alabama, Southern born and Southern bred ("My Home's in Alabama"; performing artist: Alabama) Oh I'll speak my Southern English just as natural as I please ("My Home's in Alabama"; performing artist: Alabama) Now I love to feel that warm southern rain, just to hear it fall is the (Steal My Kisses; performing artist: Ben Harper) Not even time for birds to fly to southern skies (I Just Called to Say I Love You; performing artist: Stevie Wonder) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Southern Fried Hospitality (1960) Under the Southern Cross (1957) Southern Fried Rabbit (1953) Behind Southern Lines (1952) A Southern Yankee (1948) | |
Song Titles | Southern Cross (performing artist: Stills & Nash Crosby) SOUTHERN NIGHTS (performing artist: Glen Campbell ) Southern Hospitality (performing artist: Ludacris) Southern Skies (performing artist: VHF) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Howard Skipper, now retired from Southern Research Institute in Birmingham, Alabama, explained how chemotherapy could work. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Pictured are two scientists with lab coats and rubber gloves are in a lab setting. They are preparing for the southern blot technique, used in recombinant DNA technology. These new technologies have revolutionized the way scientists can look at the detail of cellular molecules. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | This movie depicts the airborne laser altimeter collecting data. In 1993 and 1994, NASA researchers surveyed the Greenland ice sheet using an airborne laser altimeter. Ten flight lines flown in 1993 in southern Greenland were resurveyed in 1998. Sci. Credit: NASA. |  | Southern Bald Eagles. Credit: NASA. |
 | Neta Snook Southern. Credit: NASA. |  | The Hubble telescope has captured a complete view of Jupiter's northern and southern auroras. ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Though the brightest supernova in four centuries lit up the southern sky almost exactly 10 ... Credit: NASA. |  | Close-up of the "Southern Crab Nebula" (He2-104). Credit: NASA. |
 | Martian southern polar region mosaic. Reproduced from Volume 14 of theMars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |  | These are the Anti-Atlas Mountains, part of the Atlas Mountain range in southern Morocco, Africa. The region contains some of the world's largest and most diverse mineral resources, most of which are still untouched. Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Mission: San Luis Rey Southern" by K.C. Hohensee Commentary: "Pictures of San Luis Rey, the wooden front door with the engraved "river of life", the fountain, and the wall with part of a barred window (great for a poster)." | "Kerala Tea Field" by Sam Dhargalkar Commentary: "Workers in a plantation picking tea leaves. Taken in November 2002 in the mountains of Kerala - a southern state in India." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Typical country tune from the southern U.S. featuring a lap-steal guitar. | | A mandolin featuring a picking style characteristic of the southern U.S. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
John Fitzgerald Kennedy | A city of southern efficiency and northern charm. |
John Jacob Rogers | The southern Democrats are in the saddle and the northern Democrats must tag along as best they may, no matter what ill may betide. |
President John F. Kennedy | Somebody once said that Washington was a city of Northern charm and Southern efficiency. |
Senator Thomas Hart Benton. | He votes as a Southern man, and votes sectionally; I am also a Southern man, but vote nationally on national questions. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The system of fortified works of the southern and eastern frontiers of Germany shall be maintained in its existing state. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | At this corner is the southern entrance, guarded by this wall, which commands it at the shortest musket range |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | RVF is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle are raised. (references) | |
Very rarely, people living in rural southern Texas have developed skin sores from cutaneous leishmaniasis. (references) | ||
In Africa, plague foci are distributed from Uganda south on the eastern side of the continent, and in southern Africa. (references) | ||
Business | Skavsta airport has emphatically positioned itself as Stockholm’s southern airport alternative. (references) | |
Companies such as the U.S. southern Energy have already set up offices in Switzerland as a result. (references) | ||
Singapore is an equatorial island nation located at the extreme southern tip of peninsular Malaysia. (references) | ||
Children | Bhutan | The closure of the schools acts as an effective barrier to the ability of the ethnic Nepalese in southern areas to obtain a primary education. (references) |
Sierra Leone | The two largest ethnic groups are the Temne in the northern part of the country and the Mende in the southern part; each of these groups is estimated to make up approximately 30 percent of the population. (references) | |
India | In the 12 years since the southern state of Maharashtra passed a law banning the use of such tests for sex determination, the state government only filed charges against only one doctor, who was acquitted. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Mauritania | There were fewer reports of more stringent searches in the southern border areas. (references) |
Somalia | In April a new radio station, funded by local businesses, began operating in the southern part of the country. (references) | |
Nigeria | However, large outdoor religious gatherings continued to be quite common, especially in the southern part of the country. (references) | |
Economic History | Lesotho | Southern hemisphere seasons are reversed. (references) |
South Africa | Climate: moderate; similar to southern California. (references) | |
Russia | Southern Tyumen Oblast is predominantly agricultural. (references) | |
Human Rights | Yemen | Prior to unification, approximately half of the judges working in southern Yemen were women. (references) |
Papua New Guinea | More than 20 persons were killed in tribal fighting in the Southern Highlands during December. (references) | |
Iraq | Landmines also are a problem along the Iraq-Iran border throughout the central and southern areas in the country. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Sweden | Some Sami state that they face discrimination in housing and employment on an individual basis, particularly in the southern mountain regions. (references) |
Mexico | Indigenous people are located principally in the central and southern regions and represent a majority in the states of Oaxaca (53 percent) and Yucatan (52 percent). (references) | |
Sweden | As a result of such education, northern Sami dialects have enjoyed a renaissance; however, Sami dialects in the southern portions of traditional Sami lands may have too few native speakers to survive as living languages. (references) | |
Minorities | Cote d'Ivoire | Approximately 10 percent belong to the Southern Mande family, of which the Yacouba are the largest group. (references) |
Burundi | In 1996 Major Pierre Buyoya, a southern Tutsi, deposed President Ntibantunganya, a central Hutu, in a coup. (references) | |
Nigeria | Many southern ethnic groups are predominantly Christian, although the Yoruba are approximately 50 percent Muslim. (references) | |
Political Economy | Sudan | Police continued to arrest southern women for brewing alcohol, which is illegal. (references) |
Afghanistan | Omar headed the inner Shura (Council), located in the southern city of Kandahar. (references) | |
Sudan | The rebel factions continued to force southern men to work as laborers or porters. (references) | |
Political Rights | Moldova | A Christian Turkic minority, the Gagauz, enjoys local autonomy in the southern part of the country. (references) |
Yugoslavia | Ethnic Albanians, who constitute a majority in certain southern Serbian border areas, are underrepresented at nearly every level of government. (references) | |
Ethiopia | The December elections in the Southern Region were affected by the harassment of opposition parties in the region following the May 2000 elections. (references) | |
Trade | South Africa | DBSA membership is open to any country in Southern Africa. (references) |
Korea | The Masan Free Trade Zone is located near Busan in southern Korea. (references) | |
Zambia | Zambia also belongs to the 14-member Southern African Development Community (SADC). (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | Sivomar serves West and Southern African and Mediterranean ports. (references) |
Taiwan | Taiwanese is also commonly spoken, especially in the southern and rural areas. (references) | |
Mauritius | Regular flights serve Europe, East and Southern Africa, India, East Asia, and Australia. (references) | |
Women | Pakistan | A second crisis center in Vehari, in southern Punjab, opened in 1998. Rape is a pervasive problem. (references) |
Nigeria | While practiced in all parts of the country, FGM is more predominant in the southern and eastern zones. (references) | |
Saint Lucia | The Saint Lucia Crisis Center for Women in Castries and a second center in the southern town of Vieux monitor cases of physical and emotional abuse and help clients to deal with such problems as incest, nonpayment of child support, alcohol and drug abuse, homelessness, custody, and visitation rights. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Zimbabwe | The ZCTU is affiliated with the ICFTU and the Southern African Trade Union Coordinating Council. (references) |
Laos | At least one major trafficker in the southern part of the country is said to be acting with impunity. (references) | |
Sri Lanka | A 1997 study reported that child domestic servants are employed in 8.6 percent of homes in the Southern Province. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TARIFF, n. A scale of taxes on imports, designed to protect the domestic producer against the greed of his consumer. The Enemy of Human Souls Sat grieving at the cost of coals; For Hell had been annexed of late, And was a sovereign Southern State. "It were no more than right," said he, "That I should get my fuel free. The duty, neither just nor wise, Compels me to economize -- Whereby my broilers, every one, Are execrably underdone. What would they have? -- although I yearn To do them nicely to a turn, I can't afford an honest heat. This tariff makes even devils cheat! I'm ruined, and my humble trade All rascals may at will invade: Beneath my nose the public press Outdoes me in sulphureousness; The bar ingeniously applies To my undoing my own lies; My medicines the doctors use (Albeit vainly) to refuse To me my fair and rightful prey And keep their own in shape to pay; The preachers by example teach What, scorning to perform, I teach; And statesmen, aping me, all make More promises than they can break. Against such competition I Lift up a disregarded cry. Since all ignore my just complaint, By Hokey-Pokey! I'll turn saint!" Now, the Republicans, who all Are saints, began at once to bawl Against his competition; so There was a devil of a go! They locked horns with him, tete-a-tete In acrimonious debate, Till Democrats, forlorn and lone, Had hopes of coming by their own. That evil to avert, in haste The two belligerents embraced; But since 'twere wicked to relax A tittle of the Sacred Tax, 'Twas finally agreed to grant The bold Insurgent-protestant A bounty on each soul that fell Into his ineffectual Hell. Edam Smith |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | On our southern border victory has continued also to follow the American standard. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Our attitude is highly interesting as relates to other powers, and particularly to our southern neighbors. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | A portion, however, of the Southern tribes, having mingled much with the whites and made some progress in the arts of civilized life, have lately attempted to erect an independent government within the limits of Georgia and Alabama. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. |
Rutherford Hayes | 1877-1881 | Many of the calamitous efforts of the tremendous revolution which has passed over the Southern States still remain. |
William H. Taft | 1909-1913 | My chief purpose is not to effect a change in the electoral vote of the Southern States. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | This common bond binds the grower of rice in Burma and the planter of wheat in Iowa, the shepherd in southern Italy and the mountaineer in the Andes. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | We will continue to work as we have for peace in the Middle East and southern Africa. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | From the Middle East to southern Africa to Geneva, American diplomats are taking the initiative to make peace and lower arms levels. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Military's Southern Command, General Barry McCaffrey, as America's new drug czar. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Southern" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 82.59% of the time. "Southern" is used about 5,507 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 82.59% | 4,548 | 2,151 |
| Noun (proper) | 17.41% | 959 | 7,593 |
| Total | 100.00% | 5,507 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "southern" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Southern | Last name | 3,000 | 3,817 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | Southern Cross Broadcasting (Australia) Limited | Canada | Canada Southern Petroleum Ltd |
| China | China Southern Airlines Company Limited | India | Southern Petrochemical Industries Corp |
| Malaysia | Southern Acids (M) Berhad | Pakistan | Sui Southern Gas Company Limited |
| Peru | Southern Peru Copper Corp. | South Africa | Avis Southern Africa Ltd. |
| Thailand | Southern Concrete Pile Public Company Limited | United Kingdom | Scottish and Southern Energy PLC |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "southern": East African and Southern Unit Network ♦ El Nino southern oscillation ♦ french Southern And Antarctic Lands ♦ have a southern aspect ♦ southern accent ♦ southern army worm ♦ southern arrow wood ♦ southern aster ♦ southern Baptist Convention ♦ southern beech ♦ southern beech fern ♦ southern blot ♦ Southern blotting ♦ southern blue flag ♦ southern bog lemming ♦ southern buckthorn ♦ southern cabbage butterfly ♦ southern copperhead snake ♦ southern corn ♦ southern crab apple ♦ southern Cross ♦ southern cypress ♦ southern dewberry ♦ southern europe ♦ southern european ♦ southern Fish ♦ southern flounder ♦ southern flying squirrel ♦ southern german ♦ southern germany ♦ southern harebell ♦ southern hemisphere ♦ southern lights ♦ southern live oak ♦ southern magnolia ♦ southern maidenhair ♦ Southern Pines ♦ southern porgy ♦ southern red cedar ♦ southern red oak ♦ southern region ♦ southern Rhodesia ♦ southern scup ♦ Southern Shops ♦ Southern Shores ♦ southern spadefoot ♦ southern spatterdock ♦ southern States ♦ southern Tai ♦ southern Triangle ♦ Southern View ♦ southern white cedar ♦ southern yellow pine ♦ southern Yemeni dinar ♦ southern Yemeni monetary unit ♦ the southern part of the gulf of bosnia ♦ white or southern corn ♦ with a southern exposure. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "southern": southern-atlantic, southern-based, Southern-evans, southern-fried, southern-hemisphere, southern-most, southern-spawned, southern-trained. | |
Ending with "southern": ex-southern, far-southern. | |
Containing "southern": cultural-southern-hip-hop-folk-ethnic-funk. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "southern"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | suidelik (south). (various references) | |
Albanian | nga jugu, jugor (austral, meridional, South, southerly, southerner, southron, southward). (various references) | |
Arabic | جنوبي (meridional, south), الجنوبي أحد أبناء الجنوب (southerner). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | южняшки, южен (austral, lower, southerly, southward). (various references) | |
Chinese | 南 (NaN, south). (various references) | |
Czech | jižní (austral, meridional, South, southerly). (various references) | |
Danish | sydlig (south). (various references) | |
Dutch | zuidelijk (south), zuidelijk (south), zuidelýk (south), methode van Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer). (various references) | |
Esperanto | suda (south). (various references) | |
Farsi | جنوبی (South, Southerner), جنوبا, اهل جنوب , بطرف جنوب . (various references) | |
Finnish | Southern blotting (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), etelämaalainen (inhabitant of the south), eteläinen (south, southerly). (various references) | |
French | Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), transfert de Southern (southern blot, Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), transfert d'ADN (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), technique de Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), méthode de Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), du sud (southerly), austral (south). (various references) | |
Frisian | súdlik (south). (various references) | |
German | südlich (austral, south, southerly, to the south). (various references) | |
Greek | νότιοσ (austral, southerly), νότιος (austral), μέθοδος Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), μεσημβρινός (meridional), μεταφορά DNA (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), τεχνική Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | jugor (south). (various references) | |
Hebrew | דרומי (southerly, southerner). (various references) | |
Hungarian | déli (meridian, meridional, midday, South, southerly, southron). (various references) | |
Indonesian | sebelah selatan. (various references) | |
Italian | Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), trasferimento di Southern (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), trasferimento di DNA (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), tecnica del Southern blotting (Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), metodo di Southern (southern blot, Southern blotting, Southern method, Southern technique, Southern transfer), meridionale (austral, meridional, South, southerner), esposto a sud, del sud (South, southerly). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 南方 (south, southward). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | なんぽう (south, southward). (various references) | |
Korean | 남쪽 (south, southward). (various references) | |
Manx | jiass (austral, south, southerly, southward). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | outhernsay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | meridional (meridional, southerly), do sul (southerly), austral (austral). (various references) | |
Romanian | sudic (austral, meridional, South, southerly), meridional (meridional, southerner), dinspre sud, din sud (South), care este orientat spre sud. (various references) | |
Russian | южный (austral, meridional, southerly, southwardly). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | južni (austral, south, southerly, southward). (various references) | |
Spanish | del sur (South, southerly, southward). (various references) | |
Swedish | sydlig (austral, south, southerly, southward). (various references) | |
Turkish | güneyli (meridional, southerner), güney (austral, meridional, South, southerly, southernly). (various references) | |
Turkmen | gьnorta (south). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | що знаходиться на півдні, південний (austral, meridional, southerly, southward), повертати на південь. (various references) | |
Welsh | deheuol. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | antarcticus, australis, inferus, meridiana, meridianae, meridianam, meridiano, meridianum, meridianus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "southern": southerner, southerners, southernmost, southernness, southernnesses, southerns, southernwood, southernwoods. (additional references) | |
| |
"Southern" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Scothern, sgothan, soothen, sothern, southen, Southerns, Suthren. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "southern" (pronounced su"thern) |
| 3 | -th er n | Northern. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-h-n-o-r-s-t-u" | |
-1 letter: hornets, hunters, shorten, shouter, shunter, souther, tenours, thrones, tonsure, unhorse. | |
-2 letters: ethnos, herons, honers, honest, hornet, horste, houser, hunter, nestor, norths, nosher, noters, nother, onrush, others, ouster, outers, reshot, rouens, routes, rouths, senhor, souter, stoner, stoure, tenors, tenour, tensor, thorns, throes, throne, toners, trones, tuners, unrest. | |
-3 letters: ethos, euros, hents, herns, heron, heros. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-h-n-o-r-s-t-u" | |
+1 letter: buhrstone, overhunts, southerns, undershot, unthrones. | |
+2 letters: buhrstones, foxhunters, housefront, housetrain, nonhunters, pothunters, shotgunner, southerner, thunderous, truncheons, undershoot, unworthies. | |
+3 letters: countershot, euphoriants, fourteenths, groundsheet, housefronts, houseparent, housetrains, neutrophils, nourishment, scouthering, shotgunners, southerners, thornbushes, undershoots, undershorts, unrighteous, unseaworthy, unworthiest. | |
+4 letters: buttonholers, countermyths, countershots, dreadnoughts, droughtiness, euchromatins, groundsheets, heteroauxins, heterogenous, heteronomous, housepainter, houseparents, housetrained, neurochemist, neuropathies, nourishments, overhuntings, southeastern, southernmost, southernness, southernwood, southwestern, thoroughness, thunderbolts, thunderously, thunderstone, thunderstorm, underclothes, undergrowths, unnewsworthy, unworthiness, upholstering. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Translations: Ancient 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
