Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Refrigeration |
RefrigerationNoun1. The process of cooling or freezing for preservative purposes. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "refrigeration" was first used: 1471. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Energy | The process of the absorption of heat from one location and its transfer to another for rejection or recuperation. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | The process of cooling a commodity to a temperature above its freezing point. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Therapeutic application of low temperature. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. In special application to mining, cooling of air before release in lowest levels of deep, hot mine; also, expansion of compressed air for the same purpose. b. The process of absorption of heat from one location and its transfer to and rejection at another place; arbitrarily expressed in units of (short) tons and is equal to the coil cooling load divided by 12,000; 1 st (0.9 t) of ice in melting in 24 h liberates heat at the rate of 200 Btu/min (211kJ/min), or 12,000 Btu/h (1.27 MJ/h). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Refrigeration (from the Latin frigus, frost) is generally the cooling of a body by the transfer of a portion of its heat away from it. Applications include conservation, especially of food, and lowering the temperature of drinks to one that is more agreeable for consumption. Refrigerators are common in kitchens, with separate sections or separate machines for cooling and freezing.In some cases, refrigeration by material at ambient temperature is acceptable, for example the fan cooling of computer equipment.
Where temperatures below that of any available natural cooling agent are required, refrigerators are used to produce the required cooling effect by taking in heat at low temperatures and rejecting it at temperatures somewhat above that of the natural cooling agent, which for obvious reasons is generally water or air. The function of a refrigerating machine, therefore, is to take in heat at a low temperature and reject it at a higher one, using external energy to drive the process. A refrigerator is effectively a heat pump, a heat engine running in reverse. It is also possible to use eutectic salts.
Thermodynamics of refrigerators
- to be written
History of refrigeration
One of the first uses of "home" refrigeration was at Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina, USA, installed around 1895. [1]
- Ice houses
- Making of ice cream
- Refrigeration by well water
Development of first refrigerators
The gas absorption refrigerator, which cools by the use of a source of heat, was invented in Sweden by Baltzar von Platen in 1922. [1] It was later manufactured by Electrolux and Servel. Today it is used in homes that are not connected to the electrical grid, and in recreational vehicles.
Modern developments in refrigeration
Home refrigerators
These are generally composed of a cooling and freezing compartment and may have four temperature zones: -18°C or 0°F (freezer), 0°C or 32°F (meats), 4°C or 40°F (refrigerator) and 10°C or 50°C (vegetables), for the storage of different food types.
In the newest models, an LCD display suggests what types of food should be stored at what temperatures and shows the expiry date of the food stored.
Some models include a system to warn of a power failure, with a memory function that alerts the user to the failure by flashing the temperature display. Once the user presses an information key, the maximum temperature reached during the power failure is displayed, along with information on whether the frozen food has defrosted or whether it can be stored without having developed dangerous bacteria.
Technology
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (Freon)
- Liquefied gases
- Heat pump
- Heat pipe
- Thermoelectric cooling
- Sonic refrigeration
- Magnetic refrigeration
Culture / Commerce
- Refrigerated transport
- Food hygiene
- Ready meals
- Cook/chill
- Ice cream vans
- Air conditioning
- HVAC
Science
- approaching absolute zero
- Cryogenics
- Superconductivity
- Superfluidity
Speculative uses of refrigeration
- Cryonics
See also
External links:
- Heat pump
- Home appliances
- Thermodynamics
- http://oldsci.eiu.edu/physics/DDavis/1150/14Thermo/engines.html
- http://www.ior.org.uk/
- http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/story057.htm
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Refrigeration."
Synonym: RefrigerationSynonym: infrigidation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Physical Insensibility | Anaesthetic agent, opium, ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen; refrigeration. |
Refrigeration | Noun: refrigeration, infrigidation, reduction of temperature; cooling. Verb: congelation, conglaciation; ice; solidification. (density); ice box (refrigerator). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Title |
References |
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Books | |
Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Decomposing fish in the hold of a purse seiner. Fish decompose as a result of lack of refrigeration. Although this material is unfit for human consumption, it is used as a base for fishmeal for animal feed. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Sorting pilchard (Sardinops Sagax) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Paita refrigeration plant. These fish are being processed for human consumption . Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Refrigeration terminal at Fort Pierce, Florida. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Seaboard Terminal and Refrigeration Company, Jersey City, New Jersey. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Implement refrigeration from harvesting to consumption. (references) | |
Some states now require refrigeration of eggs from the producer to the consumer. (references) | ||
Although irradiation destroys many bacteria, it does not sterilize food. Even if you're using food that has been irradiated by the manufacturer, you must continue to take precautions against foodborne illness, through proper refrigeration and handling, to safeguard against any surviving organisms. (references) | ||
Business | Twelve companies deal with refrigeration equipment. (references) | |
Separate data for refrigeration equipment and systems in Greece is not available. (references) | ||
This report includes the market for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. (references) | ||
Economic History | Chile | Local manufacturing of air conditioning or refrigeration equipment is minimal. (references) |
India | The size of the refrigeration market in India is approximately US $ 516 million. (references) | |
Panama | There are no restrictions for imported air conditioning and refrigeration equipment in Panama. (references) | |
Political Economy | DENMARK | The U.S. air-conditioning and refrigeration industry has complained about the Danish policy, saying that it doesn't focus on emissions management, nor does it consider the energy efficiency of their products. (references) |
Trade | Ukraine | The project targets priority consumption phaseout activities in the refrigeration, aerosol, solvent, and halon sectors. (references) |
Taiwan | However, certain industrial products (such as air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment) are required to undergo testing to verify energy efficiency and capacity before clearing customs. (references) | |
Travel | Azerbaijan | Sanitary conditions for fresh meat, poultry and fish are far below Western standards and it is recommended to purchase such items in established stores with reliable packing and refrigeration. (references) |
West Bank | Although visitors should take care to ensure that local restaurants have good refrigeration in the summer, most restaurants that U.S. businessmen will visit observe acceptable health standards. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Refrigeration" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.22% of the time. "Refrigeration" is used about 129 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.22% | 128 | 28,261 |
| Noun (common) | 0.78% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 129 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | Matsushita Refrigeration Company | USA | Advanced Refrigeration Technologies, Inc |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "refrigeration": British Refrigeration Association ♦ refrigeration anesthesia ♦ refrigeration industry ♦ refrigeration machine ♦ refrigeration service engineer ♦ refrigeration serviceman ♦ refrigeration system ♦ refrigeration technology ♦ underslung refrigeration unit. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "refrigeration": pre-refrigeration. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "refrigeration"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | përdorim i ftohtësisë me qëllime mjekësisë, ngrirje (congealment, freezing), ftohje (alienation, cold, dissension, estrangement, rheum). (various references) | |
Arabic | تثليج (icing), تبريد (cooling). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | охлаждане (cooling, defervescence, estrangement), замразяване (freezing). (various references) | |
Chinese | 冷藏 (refrigerate, refrigerated, refrigerating). (various references) | |
Czech | mrazení (chill, rigor), chlazení (cooling, cooling system). (various references) | |
Danish | koeling (chilling, cooling, cooling down). (various references) | |
Dutch | koeling (annealing, chilling, cooling). (various references) | |
Finnish | jäähdytys (cooling). (various references) | |
French | réfrigération. (various references) | |
German | Kühlung (cooling, coolness), Kältetechnik (cryogenics, refrigeration technology). (various references) | |
Greek | κατάψυξη (chilling, cooling, freezer, freezer unit, freezing, freezing compartment, frozen food storage compartment), ψύξη (coling, cooling, freezing, frigidity). (various references) | |
Hebrew | קרור (cooling, freezing). (various references) | |
Hungarian | lehűtés (chilling, quenching), hűtés (chilling). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pendinginan (cooling off). (various references) | |
Italian | refrigerazione (chilling, chillproofing, cooling, cooling down). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 冷凍 (cold storage, freezing). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | れいぞうほう, れいぞう (cold storage), れいきゃく (cooling), れいとう (cold storage, freezing). (various references) | |
Korean | 냉각 (Cooling, Quenching). (various references) | |
Manx | feayraghey (alienation, chill, cool, refrigerate). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | efrigerationray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | refrigeração (chilling, cool down, cooling, cooling down). (various references) | |
Romanian | refrigeraţie (cooling), rãcire (cooling). (various references) | |
Russian | охлаждение (alienation of affections, chill, cooling), замораживание (gelation, icing, quiescing). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | hlađenje (cooling). (various references) | |
Spanish | refrigeración (chilling, cooling, cooling down). (various references) | |
Swedish | nedfrysning, kylning (annealing, chilling, chillproofing, cooling, cooling down, slacking), kylförlopp (chilling), infrysning (freezing), frysning (freezing), avkylning (cooling). (various references) | |
Turkish | soğutma (alienation, cooling, estrangement, refrigerating), dondurma (congealment, congelation, freezing, ice, ice cream, icecream, sundae). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | охолоджування, заморожування (ceiling, freeze, freezing, frosting, icing). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự l m lạnh. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | refrigerationem. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "refrigeration": refrigerations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Refrigeration" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: prefiguration, refridgeration, refrigeratio. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "refrigeration" (pronounced rufri'jerā"shun) |
| 6 | -j er ā" sh u n | exaggeration. |
| 5 | -er ā" sh u n | federation, figuration, acceleration, aberration, admiration, adoration, agglomeration, alteration, amelioration, aspiration, cogeneration, collaboration, coloration, commemoration, confederation, configuration, conglomeration, consideration, cooperation, corporation, corroboration, deceleration, declaration, decoration, degeneration, deliberation, desperation, discoloration, elaboration, enumeration, evaporation, exasperation, exhilaration, exoneration, expiration, exploration, generation, inauguration, incarceration, incorporation, inspiration, laceration, liberation, maturation, moderation, nonproliferation, operation, perforation, perspiration, preparation, proliferation, reconfiguration, reconsideration, recuperation, redecoration, regeneration, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, remuneration, reparation, respiration, restoration, reverberation, saturation, separation, toleration. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | facilitation, falsification, fascination, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, filtration, abrogation, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, abomination, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, altercation, amalgamation, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogitation, cohabitation, collectivization, colonization, colorization, combination, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, coordination, coronation, correlation, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, decentralization, decertification, decontamination, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evocation, exacerbation, examination, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhortation, exhumation, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, explanation, explication, exploitation, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, incantation, incapacitation, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfirmation, recreation, recrimination, rectification, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refutation, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reinterpretation, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-f-g-i-i-n-o-r-r-r-t" | |
-2 letters: refrigerant, retrofiring. | |
-3 letters: garnierite, gentrifier. | |
-4 letters: ferreting, foreigner, generator, irrigator, orangerie, originate, referring, retearing, retrofire. | |
-5 letters: anterior, erigeron, ferriage, ferritin, figeater, fingerer, fringier, frontage, frontier, garroter, grainier, gratinee, inertiae, inferior, inferrer, interage, interior, irrigate, notifier, orangier, ornerier, rarefier, ratifier, refiring, regainer, reignite, reorient, retainer, retiring, rigatoni, triforia. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-f-g-i-i-n-o-r-r-r-t" | |
+1 letter: refrigerations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Names: Company Usage 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Bibliography |
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