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Definition: Racist |
RacistAdjective1. Based on racial intolerance; "racist remarks". 2. Discriminatory especially on the basis of race or religion. Noun1. A person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "racist" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1980. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:RacismRacism is a phenomenon in which people mistreat, discriminate against, dislike, or even hate, have disdain for, or regard as inferior, other people based on what is regarded to be their race. Sometimes the term is used in a weaker sense to describe the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities, or that individuals should be treated differently based on their ascribed race. The word racism is almost always used pejoratively, with accusations of racism being common but with few describing themselves as racist. The term racialism is sometimes favored as a less negative term by those who hold certain beliefs about race that they believe to be scientifically justified.
Origins of racism
Racism may have originated as an extension of feelings of loyalty to family. People may see a race as an extended family, and have loyalties to their own as they would to their own family, tribe, clan, or nation. This often translates to a distrust and dislike of "out-groups". Members of other groups have seemingly repugnant customs and speak unfamiliar languages, which can lead to distrust and even contempt. In addition, there have been many historical ethnic conflicts between various groups, which cause members of each group to regard the other with resentment, disdain, and even hatred, often lasting centuries.
In more recent times there have been heavily disputed scientific studies of race which indicate that certain inherited traits, such as skin color, are correlated to other characteristics of the individuals bearing those traits, such as intelligence. Thus, a racist or racialist might refer to these alleged correlations to justify their sentiments, beliefs, or behaviors. One might hold that most (or all) members of a given race share undesirable mental or moral qualities, seeing an entire ethnic or racial group as being inferior to members of one's own group. This is a very controversial subject; see race and intelligence for a discussion of the IQ controversy. Also see race for a discussion of the concept of race, which itself is often brought into question.
It is not clear to what extent these scientific ideas about race, which are fairly recent (originating in the 19th century) and thus had no role in older instances of racism, influence racism today.
Expressions
Racism may be expressed individually and consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially and unconsciously, through institutions that promote inequalities among "races". Although some speakers attempt to express a semantic distinction by using the word racism rather than racialism (or vice versa), many treat the terms as synonymous (see below).
Racism could be divided in three major subcategories: individual racism, structural racism, and ideological racism. Some categories of racism are:
Researchers at the University of Chicago (Marianne Bertrand) and MIT (Sendhil Mullainathan) found in a 2003 study that there was widespread discrimination in the workplace against job applicants whose names were merely perceived as "sounding black." These applicants were 50% less likely than candidates perceived as having "white-sounding names" to receive callbacks for interviews, no matter their level of previous experience. The researchers view these results as strong evidence of unconscious biases rooted in the country's long history of discrimination.
- Racial prejudice is pre-formed personal opinions about individuals on the basis of their race. (E.g. John thinks that Mary will have bad attribute X solely because Mary is a member of race Y.)
- Racial discrimination is differences in treatment of people on the basis of characteristics which may be classified as racial, including skin color, cultural heritage, and religion. (e.g. Mary refuses to hire John because he is of race Y.)
- Institutional racism or structural racial discrimination -- racial discrimination by governments, corporations, or other large organizations. (e.g. Mary cannot get a job, despite her qualifications, because she is of race Y.)
- Cultural racial discrimination occurs when the assumption of inferiority of one or more races is built into the culturally maintained image of itself held by members of one culture. (e.g. Members of group X are taught to believe that they are members of a superior race, and, consequently, members of other races are inferior.)
- Historical economic or social disparity is alleged to be a form of discrimination which is caused by past racism, affecting the present generation through deficits in the formal education and other kinds of preparation in the parents' generation, and, through primarily unconscious racist attitudes and actions on members of the general population. (E.g. A member of Race Y, Mary, has her opportunities adversely affected (directly and/or indirectly) by the mistreatment of her ancestors of race Y.) However, many people dispute the idea that this can be called racism; many hold that this view infantilizes members of a given ethnic group (e.g., blacks or Hispanics) and treats an entire race as victims unable to improve themselves through their own efforts. In this opposing view, it would be "racist" to believe that a group is being held back by such concerns. Yet, some recent studies have suggested that this latter view may not be altogether plausible.
Racism is usually directed against a minority population, but may also be directed against a majority population. Examples of the former include the enslavement of black Africans and repression of their descendants in the United States. The existence of the latter is often controversial, but agreed upon examples include racial apartheid in South Africa, wherein whites (a minority) discriminated against blacks (a majority); this form of racism also occurred during the former colonial rule of such countries as Vietnam (by France) and India (by the United Kingdom).
Reverse racism is a controversial concept; it refers to a form of racism against a dominant group. In the United States, many people, mostly conservatives, criticize policies such as affirmative action as an example of reverse racism. They say that these policies are race-based discrimination. Supporters of affirmative action argue that affirmative action policies counteract a systemic and cultural racism by providing a balancing force, and that affirmative action does not qualify as racist because the policies are enacted by politicians (who are mostly part of the white majority in the United States) and directed towards their own race.
Some Americans believe that reverse racism exists in the United States, but that it is cultural racism, and not primarily systemic. For example, some African-Americans discriminate against white people -- this too can be called reverse racism. But some would argue that this is not racism (which they would see as primarily systemic) but actually personal prejudice because African-Americans lack the cultural, political and economic resources to systemically disenfranchise European Americans.
In addition, some white people believe that political correctness has led to a denigration of the white race, through perceived special attention paid to minority races. For example, they consider the existence of Black History Month (February) but not a White History Month, Hispanic History Month or Asian History Month to be de facto racism directed at the majority and non-black minorities. Yet again, others argue that the lack of a White History Month is due to the fact that much of the school year is devoted to teaching history from the viewpoints of white conquerors and slave owners.
Racism is and has been official policy in many countries. In the 1970s, Uganda expelled tens of thousands of ethnic Indians. Malaysia currently enforces discriminatory laws limiting access to university education for Chinese students who are citizens by birth of Malaysia. Russia launched anti-Semitic pogroms against Jews in 1905 and after. In some towns Israel has limited land ownership to Jews. Many Arab nations forbid Jews from emigration or becoming citizens; in these nations it is often forbidden to sell land to a Jewish person.
In the United States, racial profiling of minorities by law enforcement officials is a controversial subject. Some people consider this to be a form of racism.
Supporters of racial profiling believe it to be a necessary tool for law enforcement because members of certain minority groups are statistically much more likely to commit certain types of crimes. For example, most terrorists have been young Arab males, while female Christian Europeans have only participated in terrorist actions on extremely rare occasions. Thus, they would argue, it is both logical and useful to have security officers at airports take special note of young Arab male fliers, and not to examine all fliers equally. Critics of this policy hold that any form of special treatment is racist by definition, and thus immoral and illegal. In addition, some experts have also pointed to the fact that drug use and abuse, for example, is much more common among white suburbanites than urban blacks and Hispanics, yet police have most often targeted poor minorities for drug law enforcement; and there has been no public call to profile white suburbanites, despite this evidence (as this would likely be extremely unpopular among the white political majority).
Some claim that profiling young Arab male fliers at airports will only lead to increased recruitment of older, non-Arab, and female terrorists. (Some terrorism experts disagree with this claim.) Many critics of racial profiling claim that it is an unconstitutional practice because it amounts to questioning individuals on the basis of what crimes they might commit or could possibly commit, instead of what crimes they have actually committed. See the article on racial profiling for more information on this dispute.
History of racism in the modern world
In 19th century Europe and America, many people legitimized racist beliefs and practices through theories about biological differences among races. Today, most scientists reject these theories as pseudoscience. The ideas, claims and positions are alleged to be based on biased research, gross generalizations, and poorly controlled or totally uncontrolled studies.
Today scientists who study the concept of race have a very different understanding of what a "race" is; all human races are held to have vastly more in common, and very little that is different between them. The differences between races do exist on many levels (skin color, facial cartilage distribution, genetic diseases, predisposition to certain traits) but the difference between races is now understood to be vastly smaller than was imagined by some in the 19th century. Some even say that different human races (as then defined) do not exist, and the typical physical features associated with the "races" exist primarily due to the relative lack of cross-breeding between these populations (in the past, due mainly to geographic distribution; and at present, due to social stigma).
United States of America
In colonial America, what few African slaves there were served alongside poor whites in indentured servitude; a term of service meant freedom and a land grant afterward. A number of black Africans became landowners this way, before colonial slavery became based on racial lines. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a revolt against the Governor and the system of exploitation he represented: exploitation of poorer colonists by the increasingly wealthy landowners. However, Bacon died, probably of dysentery, and the revolt lost steam.
The central cause of concern to landowners was the unity of Bacon's populist movement. It raised the question to the landownders of how to divide the population politically in ways that would keep the poorer colonists divided enough to rule. To the Governor, the most threatening, and unexpected, aspect of Bacon's rebellion was its multi-racial aspect. So from that time on, the wealthy landowners determined that only Africans would be used as slaves - and white colonists were promised whatever benefits would have gone to Africans had they continued to be indentured servants. This change began the infamously long period of the American slave society, in which slaves were primarily used for agricultural labor, notably in the production of cotton and tobacco. The social rift along color lines soon became engrained in every aspect of colonial American culture.
Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary
In the 19th and 20th century many Germans, Austrians came to accept a form of racism towards Jewish people, racial anti-Semitism. Many people in these countries believe erroneously that the Jewish people were a distinct race, and further, that this race was inherently morally inferior to the putative "Aryan races". (Scientists today reject the existence of any Aryan race as fictitious, and as a recent ideological construct.) Jews were commonly referred to as inherently greedly, selfish, and "parasitical". They were often referred to as viruses or parasites. Over time these ideas lead many people in these nations to accept the Nazi teachings that the Jewish "parasites" must be exterminated in a literal sense; this led to the Holocaust.
Nazi Germany
- Nazism
- General Government an attempt to introduce racial segregation in Poland, which was occupied by Nazi Germany. There were several separated races (in order of privileges):
- Reichdeutsche
- Volksdeutsche
- Ukrainians
- Goralenvolk
- Poles
- Russian POV
- Jews
South Africa
Apartheid
United Kingdom
There were race riots across the United Kingdom in 1919: South Shields, Glasgow, London's East End, Liverpool, Cardiff, Barry, and Newport.
Israel and the Palestinian Authority
Many Arabs accuse Israelis of harboring racist beliefs towards them. One fringe Jewish extremist group, Kach, does preach racism towards Arabs. Many Jews accuse Palestinian Arabs of harboring anti-Semitic beliefs towards them. Many schools and mosques run by the Palestinian Authority quote from anti-Semitic sources such as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf; in many madrassas and Palestinian mosques Jews are described as descedants of monkeys and pigs.
Anti-Semitism, Islamophobia.
Some examples of specific types of alleged racism
- Afrocentrism - (not always considered racist); the belief that black African cultures were historically more powerful and influential than is widely believed
- Anti-Semitism - usually, racism directed towards Jews, though Arabs are sometimes included as well.
- Apartheid - a system of racism, now abolished, that once existed in South Africa; some refer to current Israeli policies towards Palestinians as apartheid as well.
- Black supremacy - the belief that those of African descent are the superior race.
- Colorism - racism among blacks, based on skin-tone, exemplified in terms such as "high yellow" (sometimes written and/or pronounced as "high yaller") as well as the brown paper bag test. There seems to be an implicit calculus behind this belief that makes the goodness of the individual inversely related to the darkness of his/her skin.
- Eurocentrism - the sometimes unconscious practice of historically and culturally focusing on white Europeans, to the exclusion of study, or even mention of, significant achievements of other groups of people.
- Islamophobia - the manifestations of hatred and hostility towards Muslims and Arab people in general.
- Manifest Destiny - a historical form of the racist belief that asserted that white Americans had the right and duty to colonize the west and "civilize" the Native American inhabitants.
- Nazism - a historical form of political organization (called national socialism) coupled with extreme racism, that directed its energies against the Roma (the so-called Gypsies), Jews, Poles, Russians and Slavs, among other groups. Some adherents of Nazi ideology continue to exist today.
- Racial segregation - (not always considered necessarily racist) the belief that the so-called races should be kept separate, either geographically or culturally.
- Racial purity - the belief that the various so-called races should be kept "pure" by not permitting interbreeding
- White supremacy - the belief that those whose skin color is what is commonly described as being "white" (but strangely not the similarly colored Ainu people of Japan or albino members of non-European stock) are the superior race, or 'master race'.
- Attitudes of suburb and gated community developers, who are often accused of pandering to racist views by emphasizing "crime risk" in more racially diverse downtowns, especially in North America.
- Zionism in its modern political form, including "settlement" of areas established by UN resolutions to belong to Arabs.
Some examples of allegedly racist organisations
See also: affirmative action, Afrocentrism, anti-racism, anti-Semitism, apartheid, ascribed characteristics, The Bell Curve, black supremacy, chauvinism, Civil rights movement, collectivism, Criminal Blackman Myth, discrimination, essentialism, ethnic stereotype, ethnocentrism, Eurocentrism, genocide, hate crime, homophobia, Islamophobia, Jim Crow laws, Ku Klux Klan, master race, Miscegenation, Naziism, nigger, race, race riot, racial segregation, racialism, Racism/racial and ethnic slurs, sexism, skinhead, social stereotype, White Australia policy, white supremacy, white trash, wog
- Aryan Nation - a group of militant white supremacists
- Front National - a political party in France whose leader proposed deporting 3 million non-Europeans from France in his 1995 presidential election bid
- Kahane Chai - an Israeli organization that preaches Jewish supremacy, named after Meir Kahane
- Ku Klux Klan - a group of American white supremacists, founded after the Civil War
- Nation of Islam - a group of African-Americans sometimes considered currently or historically racist
- Sangh Parivar - family of anti-muslim organizations in India, includes:
- Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) - organisation of which a member assassinated Mahatma Gandhi
- BJP - political party, as of 2003, in national government in India and in state government in Gujarat, allegedly co-responsible with the VHP for the 2002 Gujarat pogrom
- Shiv Sena - political party, government of Maharashtra during 1990s
- VHP, Bajrang Dal
- White Australia Movement - a white supremacist organization in Australia
List of ethnic slurs
External link
- What is Race?
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Racism."
Synonyms: RacistSynonyms: antiblack (adj), anti-Semite(a) (adj), anti-Semitic (adj), racialist (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Racist |
| English words defined with "racist": believe ♦ conceive, consider ♦ think. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Racist" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (racialist, racist), Spanish (tourist). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Everyone's a racist. It's the one thing that makes us all the same (Titus; writing credit: Karl-Heinz Käfer) A racist lackey of the imperialist ruling circles (Network; writing credit: Paddy Chayefsky) I am, I'm a terrible racist. I think all those people with the funny accents and weird skin color should go back to wherever they came from and leave this country to the people who rightfully stole it from the Indians which they deserved (Sports Night; writing credit: Tom Brady; Kevin Falls) I'm a racist. (Sports Night; writing credit: Tom Brady; Kevin Falls) | |
Lyrics | Straight up racist that sucker was ("Fight the Power"; performing artist: Public Enemy) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The racist dog policemen must withdraw immediately from our communities, cease their wanton murder and brutality ... Credit: Library of Congress. |  | 30 hours work for 40 hours pay! Smash racist unemployment! Bust the wage freeze! U.S. out of S.E. Asia now! : May Day. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | Switzerland | In addition an article of the Penal Code criminalizes racist or anti-Semitic expression, whether in public speech or in printed material. (references) |
Romania | The law forbids public gatherings to espouse Communist, racist, or Fascist ideologies or to commit actions contrary to public order or national security. (references) | |
Czech Republic | During the year, the far-right Republican Party (SPR-RSC) continued its strategy of filing criminal complaints against government entities and NGO's that have challenged its racist and anti-Semitic policies. (references) | |
Discrimination | Brazil | A 1997 law provides prison penalties and fines for racist acts, including promulgation of pejorative terms for ethnic or racial groups, use of the swastika, or acts of discrimination based on sex, religion, age, or ethnic origin. (references) |
Human Rights | United Kingdom | Stewart had been charged with racially motivated crimes and continued to write racist letters from prison but nonetheless was housed in the same cell with Mubarek. (references) |
Sweden | Several private organizations actively monitor issues such as the effect of social legislation, antiimmigrant or racist activities, and the condition of the indigenous Sami population. (references) | |
Minorities | Netherlands | Most of the racist violence was committed by youths often under the influence of alcohol. (references) |
Czech Republic | The attackers escaped and police were investigating the incident as a misdemeanor pending some evidence of racist motive. (references) | |
Czech Republic | Police charged the skinhead, Vlastimil Pechanec, with "murder with racist intent." He faces 12 to 15 years in prison if convicted. (references) | |
Political Rights | Zambia | In April some of the President's supporters used racist language against two M.P.'s of Asian origin; they were not disciplined. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | America has made Oprah and Bill Cosby historically successful, yet we're the ones said to be racist. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Racist" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.61% of the time. "Racist" is used about 718 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.61% | 708 | 9,458 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 0.97% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.42% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 718 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "racist": anti-racist, non-racist. | |
Containing "racist": Anti-racist-action. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
racist joke | 1,398 | dirty joke racist | 11 |
racist | 101 | poem racist | 10 |
black joke racist | 98 | hilfiger racist tommy | 10 |
cartoon racist | 41 | racist site web | 10 |
joke racist white | 37 | quote racist | 9 |
joke mexican racist | 34 | racist terms | 9 |
action anti racist | 26 | racist strom thurmond | 9 |
funny joke racist | 20 | racist skinhead | 9 |
picture racist | 19 | black joke people racist | 8 |
jewish joke racist | 18 | abercrombie racist | 8 |
racist tattoo | 17 | racist song | 8 |
buddy icon racist | 17 | music racist | 7 |
game racist | 13 | racist words | 7 |
jew joke racist | 13 | pic racist | 7 |
racist symbol | 12 | lyrics racist | 6 |
jokes.com racist | 12 | racist test | 6 |
anti racist | 12 | italian joke racist | 6 |
joke nigger racist | 12 | black racist | 6 |
asian joke racist | 12 | abercrombie fitch racist | 6 |
group racist | 11 | humor racist | 6 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "racist"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | racist (racialist). (various references) | |
Arabic | عنصري (elemental, racial, racialist), عرقي (ethnic, ethnical, racial, racialist, sudoriferous, venous). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | расист (racialist). (various references) | |
Chinese | 种族主义者, 種族主義者 . (various references) | |
Czech | rasistický (racialist), rasista (racialist). (various references) | |
Danish | racistisk voldshandling (act of violence with racist overtone). (various references) | |
Dutch | racistisch getinte gewelddadigheid (act of violence with racist overtone), racistisch getinte gewelddaad (act of violence with racist overtone). (various references) | |
Farsi | نژادپرست (Ethnocentric). (various references) | |
Finnish | rotukiihkoilija. (various references) | |
French | raciste (racialist). (various references) | |
German | Rassist (racialist, supremacist). (various references) | |
Greek | ρατσιστήσ (racialist), ρατσιστής, οπαδόσ φυλετικήσ διακρίσεωσ. (various references) | |
Hebrew | 'זען (racialist). (various references) | |
Hungarian | rasszista (racialist), fajvédő. (various references) | |
Italian | razzistico, razzista (racialist). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 人種差別主義者 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | じ"しゅさべつしゅぎしゃ. (various references) | |
Korean | 인송 차별주의자. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | acistray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | racista (racialist). (various references) | |
Russian | расист (bigot, racialist). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | rasistički, rasista. (various references) | |
Spanish | racista (racial, racialist, racists). (various references) | |
Swedish | rasist (racialist). (various references) | |
Thai | ผู้เหยีย"ผิว. (various references) | |
Turkish | ırkçı (ethnocentrist, jim crow, racialist, segregationist). (various references) | |
Turkmen | jynsparaz. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | расист (bigot, racialist). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | người phân biệt chủng tộc (racialist). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "racist": racists. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "racist": antiracist. (additional references) | |
Words containing "racist": antiracists. (additional references) | |
| |
"Racist" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: facist, raceism, Racicot, raciis, racisit, racit, ractise, ragist, rakis, Rakiz, rancis, rascist, Rashit, rasist, regist, reist, Rokit. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "racist" (pronounced rā"sust) |
| 4 | -s u s t | choicest, classicist, closest, densest, empiricist, ethicist, exorcist, fiercest, geneticist, lyricist, pharmacist, polemicist, supremacist. |
| 3 | -u s t | agonist, agriculturalist, agronomist, alarmist, alchemist, allergist, amethyst, amorist, analyst, anarchist, anatomist, anesthesiologist, anesthetist, angriest, animist, antagonist, anthropologist, anticommunist, apologist, apprenticed, aquarist, archaeologist, archivist, arsonist, absolutist, accompanist, ablest, abolitionist, abortionist, activist, artist, atheist, August, ballast, balloonist, barest, behaviorist, biased, bicyclist, biggest, biochemist, biologist, bitterest, blackest, bleakest, bloodiest, bluest, bluntest, boldest, botanist, bravest, breakfast, briefest, brightest, broadest, busiest, buttressed, calloused, canoeist, canvassed, capitalist, cardiologist, caricaturist, cartoonist, catalyst, cellist, chauvinist, cheapest, clarinetist, cleanest, coldest, colonialist, colonist, columnist, communist, conservationist, contortionist, conversationalist, coolest, cornettist, craziest, creamiest, criminologist, cruelest, cultist, cyclist, darkest, hygienist, idealist, ideologist, illusionist, immunologist, imperialist, impressionist, deadliest, dearest, deepest, deforest, deist, dentist, dermatologist, determinist, direst, dirtiest, dishonest, disinterest, driest, druggist, dullest, dumbest, earliest, earnest, easiest, ecologist, economist, editorialist, eldest, elitist, embarrassed, encompassed, encyclopedist, endocrinologist, entomologist, environmentalist, epidemiologist, ethnomusicologist, exhibitionist, expressionist, extremist, faintest, fairest, fanciest, farthest, fascist, fastest, fattest, federalist, feminist, fetishist, fewest, finalist, finest, firmest, fittest, flimsiest, florist, focused, focussed, foggiest, fondest, forest, formalist, freest, freshest, friendliest, fullest, fundamentalist, funnest, funniest, furthest, generalist, gentlest, geologist, gerontologist, goldest, grandest, gravest, grayest, greatest, greediest, greenest, grimaced, grimmest, grooviest, guitarist, gymnast, gynecologist, happiest, hardest, harnessed, harshest, harvest, healthiest, heaviest, heftiest, herbalist, highest, hippest, hobbyist, holiest, honest, hottest, hugest, humblest, humorist, individualist, industrialist, institutionalist, instrumentalist, interest, internationalist, internist, interventionist, isolationist, jaundiced, journalist, juiciest, junkiest, keenest, kindest, kremlinologist, largest, latest, laziest, leanest, leftist, librettist, lightest, likeliest, linguist, littlest, liveliest, lobbyist, locust, longest, loudest, lowest, loyalist, luckiest, machinist, manicurist, mannerist, masochist, materialist, meanest, medalist, mercantilist, merest, meteorologist, methodist, microbiologist, mightiest, mildest, mineralogist, misogynist, modernist, modest, monopolist, motorcyclist, motorist, musicologist, narrowest, nastiest, nationalist, naturalist, nearest, neatest, neediest, neurologist, neuroscientist, neutralist, newest, noblest, noisiest, noncommunist, nonconformist, noninterest, noticed, novelist, nutritionist, oboist, obstructionist, oddest, oldest, oncologist, ophthalmologist, opportunist, organist, orthodontist, orthopedist, pacifist, paleontologist, palest, panelist, pathologist, pessimist, philanthropist, photojournalist, physiologist, pianist, poorest, populist, prefaced, prejudiced, premised, preservationist, prettiest, priciest, promised, propagandist, protagonist, protectionist, proudest, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, psychologist, psychotherapist, purchased, purest, quickest, quietest, quietist, radiologist, rainforest, rainiest, rapist, rarest, receptionist, reddest, refocused, reforest, remotest, repurchased, reservationist, reservist, resurfaced, revolutionist, rheumatologist, richest, rightist, riskiest, ritziest, roughest, rudest, saddest, sadist, safest, satirist, savviest, scariest, scientist, secessionist, secularist, segregationist, seismologist, semifinalist, separatist, serologist, serviced, severest, sexiest, shakiest, sharpest, shortest, showiest, shrewdest, sickest, silliest, simplest, skimpiest, skinniest, sleekest, slickest, slightest, slimmest, sloppiest, slowest, smallest, smartest, smoggiest, smoothest, socialist, sociologist, softest, soonest, soundest, specialist, spiritualist, stablest, staunchest, steepest, sternest, stickiest, stiffest, stormiest, strangest, strategist, strictest, strongest, stupidest, surest, surfaced, survivalist, sweetest, swiftest, tallest, tannest, technologist, televangelist, tempest, terraced, theorist, therapist, thickest, thinnest, thorniest, tightest, tiniest, toniest, toughest, tourist, toxicologist, traditionalist, trendiest, trickiest, truest, ugliest, ultranationalist, unbiased, unfocused, unionist, unkindest, unnoticed, urologist, violinist, violist, virologist, vocalist, warmest, weakest, wealthiest, weirdest, wettest, whitest, widest, wildest, wisest, witnessed, worthiest, yellowest, youngest, zaniest, zoologist. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: crista, triacs. | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-r-s-t" | |
-1 letter: airts, astir, carts, scart, sitar, stair, stria, tarsi, triac. | |
-2 letters: acts, airs, airt, aits, arcs, arts, asci, cars, cart, cast, cats, cist, cris, rats, rias, sari, sati, scar, scat, star, stir, tars, tics, tsar. | |
-3 letters: act, air, ais, ait, arc, ars, art, car, cat, cis, its, ras, rat, ria, sac, sat, sic, sir. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-r-s-t" | |
+1 letter: arctics, astrict, caritas, citrals, cristae, czarist, drastic, gastric, karstic, narcist, raciest, racists, sacrist, satiric, satyric, stearic, tragics. | |
+2 letters: abstrict, acridest, acrostic, acrotism, actorish, adscript, agrestic, aoristic, apricots, archaist, articles, artistic, astricts, canister, cantrips, carditis, carotids, carotins, castrati, catbirds, ceramist, ceratins, chariest, chariots, chartist, cigarets, cisterna, citators, citharas, citrates, crampits, craziest, creatins, crispate, cristate, curtails, curtains, czarists, distract, ergastic, erratics, haircuts, haricots, infarcts, infracts, matrices, mistrace, narcists, orgastic, paretics, picrates, piscator, practise, quartics, rachitis, recitals, ricottas, rustical, sacrists, sacristy, scantier, scarcity, scariest, scarting, scattier, scimetar, scimitar, sterical, suricate, tacrines, theriacs, tipcarts, tracings, traffics, triacids, triadics, tribasic, triclads, tripacks. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Spoken 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Bibliography |
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