Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Racial |
RacialAdjective1. Of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people; "racial groups". 2. Of or characteristic of race or races or arising from differences among groups; "racial differences"; "racial discrimination". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "racial" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1762. (references) |
| Antonym: nonracial (adj). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | And yet still somehow racial harmony eludes us. If people would only look to the cookie, all our problems would be solved. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) There is no racial bigotry here. (Full Metal Jacket; writing credit: Gustav Hasford, Michael Herr, Stanley Kubrick) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Integração Racial (1964) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
United Nations | 1948 | It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (reference) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | It covered exhaustively consideration of the Amendment in Congress, ratification by the states, then existing practices in racial segregation, and the views of proponents and opponents of the Amendment. (reference) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1927) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | It occurs in all racial and ethnic groups worldwide. (references) | |
The risk for stroke varies among different ethnic and racial groups. (references) | ||
Certain ethnic and racial populations are more widely affected than others. (references) | ||
Children | Czech Republic | In 1999 12 Romani families filed suit in the Constitutional Court to protest the "de facto segregation" of Romani children into special schools; however, the Constitutional Court rejected the complaint in November 1999 and stated that it did not have the power to order the Ministry of Education to create programs to end racial discrimination. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Malaysia | However, government and ruling party officials sometimes made statements on sensitive racial and religious issues with no repercussions. (references) |
Bulgaria | The Constitution also prohibits organizations that threaten the country's territorial integrity or unity, or that incite racial, ethnic, or religious hatred. (references) | |
Discrimination | Luxembourg | The law prohibits racial, sexual, or social discrimination, and the Government enforces these provisions. (references) |
Brazil | Several persons have been charged with racism since the law's enactment, mostly for the use of racial slurs. (references) | |
Cyprus | Laws in both communities provide for protection against discrimination based on sex, religion, or national, racial, or ethnic origin. (references) | |
Economic History | Angola | Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mixed racial 2%, European 1%. (references) |
Fiji | The racial situation took a turn for the worse from which it has yet to fully recover. (references) | |
Brazil | Despite class distinctions, national identity is strong, and racial friction is a relatively new phenomenon. (references) | |
Human Rights | United Kingdom | The armed forces have a procedure to handle complaints of harassment, racial and otherwise. (references) |
South Africa | Unlike in the previous year, racial tensions in the military did not result in any killings. (references) | |
Malaysia | In the past, public apathy and racial divisions (non-Malays had dominated most domestic human rights NGO's) limited the effectiveness of NGO's. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Indonesia | The tension often is expressed along racial and ethnic lines because developers frequently are ethnic Chinese Indonesians. (references) |
Paraguay | Low wages, long work hours, infrequent payment (or nonpayment) of wages, job insecurity, lack of access to social security benefits, and racial discrimination are common. (references) | |
Australia | Indigenous groups charge that police harassment of indigenous people, including juveniles, is pervasive and that racial discrimination among police and prison custodians persists. (references) | |
Minorities | Ukraine | The frequent harassment of racial minorities is an increasing problem. (references) |
Panama | Racial discrimination against all ethnic groups is evident in the workplace. (references) | |
Switzerland | In 1999 and 2000, approximately 50 persons were convicted of racial discrimination. (references) | |
Political Economy | Ukraine | Police abuse and harassment of racial minorities was a continuing problem. (references) |
Ukraine | Societal anti-Semitism and discrimination against religious, racial, and ethnic minorities also were problems. (references) | |
South Africa | The distribution of income and wealth remained highly skewed along racial lines and between urban and rural citizens. (references) | |
Political Rights | Uzbekistan | Political organizations that seek to overthrow the Government, or cite national or racial hatred, are prohibited. (references) |
Malawi | A citizen of European origin, several persons of mixed racial ethnicity, and an Asian are sitting members of the National Assembly. (references) | |
Costa Rica | The country's 100,000 Afro-Caribbeans, who mostly reside in that province, enjoy full rights of citizenship, including the protection of laws against racial discrimination. (references) | |
Women | Zimbabwe | Domestic violence against women, especially wife beating, is common and crosses all racial and economic lines. (references) |
Worker Rights | Mauritania | However, widespread slavery also was traditional among ethnic groups of the largely nonpastoralist south, where it had no racial origins or overtones; masters and slaves both were black. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | GUILLOTINE, n. A machine which makes a Frenchman shrug his shoulders with good reason. In his great work on Divergent Lines of Racial Evolution, the learned Professor Brayfugle argues from the prevalence of this gesture -- the shrug -- among Frenchmen, that they are descended from turtles and it is simply a survival of the habit of retracing the head inside the shell. It is with reluctance that I differ with so eminent an authority, but in my judgment (as more elaborately set forth and enforced in my work entitled Hereditary Emotions -- lib. II, c. XI) the shrug is a poor foundation upon which to build so important a theory, for previously to the Revolution the gesture was unknown. I have not a doubt that it is directly referable to the terror inspired by the guillotine during the period of that instrument's activity. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Orrin Hatch | Well, you can't prefer one group over another in this day and age, that's what you call racial quotas. All that does is create more animosity, more grief. It's unfair to those who are excluded and left out. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | The future of Africa is shadowed by unsolved racial conflicts. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | In Africa the quest for peace, racial justice, and economic progress is at a crucial point. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | We have members in this Congress from virtually every racial, ethnic, and religious background. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Racial" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 93.89% of the time. "Racial" is used about 1,438 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 93.89% | 1,351 | 5,887 |
| Noun (proper) | 6.04% | 87 | 35,390 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.07% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,438 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "racial": coefficient of racial likeness ♦ congress of Racial Equality ♦ racial discrimination ♦ racial disharmony ♦ racial equality ♦ racial extermination ♦ racial immunity ♦ racial integration ♦ racial profiling ♦ racial segregation ♦ Racial Stocks ♦ racial tensions. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "racial": racial-imperialist, racial-justice, Racial-law, racial-preference, racial-sensitivity. | |
Ending with "racial": cross-racial, inter-racial, intra-racial, multi-racial, non-racial. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
racial profiling | 474 |
racial discrimination | 281 |
racial joke | 262 |
racial slur | 70 |
racial heaven | 68 |
preconceito racial | 39 |
racial myth | 36 |
racial profiling statistics | 25 |
racial prejudice | 24 |
definition profiling racial | 22 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "racial"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | racor, racial. (various references) | |
Arabic | عنصري (elemental, racialist, racist), عرقي (ethnic, ethnical, racialist, racist, sudoriferous, venous). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | расов (pedigree, race, true-bred), расистки, национален (national, public). (various references) | |
Chinese | 种族 (Ethnic, Ethnical, ethnicity). (various references) | |
Czech | rasový. (various references) | |
Danish | racistisk chikane (racial harassment), racepatologi (racial pathology), racemæssige karakteristika (racial characteristics), racemæssig disposition (racial disposition), racebetinget immunitet (racial immunity), raceadskillelse (racial division), koefficient for racelighed (coefficient of racial likeness), demokratisk styreform uden raceadskillelse (multiparty, non racial democracy). (various references) | |
Dutch | rassenscheiding (racial division), rassenimmuniteit (racial immunity), raskenmerk (racial characteristics), raciale pesterijen (racial harassment), VN (Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Vietnam), democratie met meerpartijenstelsel en zonder onderscheid naar ras (multiparty, non racial democracy), Commissie inz. Uitbanning van Rassendiscriminatie (Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination), coëfficiënt van raciale gelijkenis (coefficient of racial likeness). (various references) | |
Farsi | نژادی (Ethnic). (various references) | |
Finnish | rodullinen. (various references) | |
French | racial. (various references) | |
German | Rassen-, rassisch. (various references) | |
Greek | φυλετικόσ (clannish, tribal). (various references) | |
Hebrew | 'זע י. (various references) | |
Hungarian | faji (ethnic, ethnical, generic, specific). (various references) | |
Indonesian | rasial. (various references) | |
Italian | razziale. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 人種的 , 民族的 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | じ"しゅてき, み"ぞくてき. (various references) | |
Korean | 인종 (Ethnic, Ethnical, RACE). (various references) | |
Manx | kynneeagh (ethnic, ethnical). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | acialray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | racial. (various references) | |
Romanian | rasial, de rasã (fancy, pedigreed, thoroughbred), al rasei. (various references) | |
Russian | расовый. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | rasni. (various references) | |
Spanish | racial. (various references) | |
Swedish | ras- (ethnic, ethnical). (various references) | |
Thai | เกี่ยวกับเชื้อชาติ, ซึ่งคงอยู่ระหว่างเชื้อชาติที่ต่างกัน. (various references) | |
Turkish | ırksal (ethnic, ethnical), ırk (folk, peoples, phylo-, race, strain). (various references) | |
Ukranian | расовий (race), расистський, національний (national, nationalist, nationalistic, public, vernacular). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "racial": racialism, racialisms, racialist, racialistic, racialists, racially. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "racial": biracial, interracial, multiracial, nonracial. (additional references) | |
Words containing "racial": biracialism, biracialisms, interracially, multiracialism, multiracialisms, nonracially. (additional references) | |
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"Racial" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Accval, arcal, Arcueil, carial, gracial, Rabiha, rachial, raciis, ractical, Rahila, Raila, rakia, Rashaf, Rashdall, rashel, Rashpal, recile, Rucia, Rukiya, rvcma, triaxial. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "racial" (pronounced rā"shul) |
| 5 | r ā" sh u l | biracial, interracial, multiracial, nonracial. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u l | facial, glacial, palatial, spatial. |
| 3 | -sh u l | antisocial, artificial, beneficial, bushel, commercial, confidential, controversial, crucial, essential, experiential, financial, impartial, inertial, infomercial, initial, interprovincial, judicial, jurisprudential, Marshal, Marshall, martial, noncommercial, noncontroversial, nonfinancial, nonresidential, official, partial, Paschal, potential, prejudicial, prenuptial, provincial, quintessential, sacrificial, social, special, superficial, uncontroversial, unofficial. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-c-i-l-r" | |
-1 letter: acari, craal, laari. | |
-2 letters: alar, aria, aril, carl, laic, lair, lari, liar, lira, raia, rail, rial. | |
-3 letters: aal, ail, air, ala, arc, car, lac, lar, ria. | |
-4 letters: aa, ai, al, ar, la, li. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-c-i-l-r" | |
+1 letter: carinal, clarkia, cranial, rachial, radical, railcar. | |
+2 letters: acicular, acromial, alacrity, archival, auricula, avicular, bacillar, biracial, brachial, braciola, cabrilla, calamari, calcaria, caldaria, calvaria, cardinal, carnival, carpalia, cavalier, clarkias, craaling, farcical, iatrical, lacrimal, piacular, rachilla, racially, radicals, railcars, tailrace, tragical, vicarial. | |
+3 letters: acclaimer, actuarial, aleatoric, algebraic, aliteracy, altricial, ancillary, arsenical, articular, auctorial, auriculae, auricular, auriculas, bacillary, bacterial, bicameral, brachials, braciolas, branchial, cabrillas, calamaris, caldarium, calibrate, calvarias, calvaries, calvarium, camarilla, canicular, cantorial, capillary, capitular, cardinals, carnality, carnelian, carnivals, cartilage, cavaliers, cavalries, cercarial, cranially, cuadrilla, erratical, factorial, graphical, lacrimals, lacunaria, navicular, nonracial, parabolic, paralytic, parochial, piratical, practical, rachillae, racialism, racialist, radically, radicular, rascality, satirical, simulacra, tailraces, theriacal, varicella. | |
+4 letters: abacterial, acaricidal, acclaimers, acquirable, acrostical, acrylamide, alacrities, alacritous, aldermanic, allopatric, alphameric, altarpiece, amerciable, anarchical, applicator, arctically, arsenicals, arthralgic, articulacy, articulate, artificial, ascribable, aspherical, auriculate, autarkical, calamaries, calibrated, calibrates, calibrator, calvariums, camarillas, capitulary, caracoling, caramelise, caramelize, cardinally, carnallite, carnassial, carnelians, cartilages, cascarilla, cavaliered, cavalierly, charitable, charitably, charladies, clavicular, columbaria, cuadrillas, culinarian, curatorial, epicardial, eradicable, factorials, farcically, fascicular, fractional, hierarchal, lacerating, laceration, lacerative, lacrimator, larvicidal, matricidal, miracidial, monarchial, myocardial, naviculars, oratorical, paralytics, paraplegic, parricidal, particular, patricidal, placarding, practicals, procambial, rabbinical, racialisms, racialists, radicalise, radicalism, radicalize, recanalize, retinacula, sacroiliac, scarlatina, spiracular, theatrical, tractional, tragically, tyrannical, ultrabasic, ultramafic, unicameral, urticarial, vacillator, varicellas. | |
+5 letters: accessorial, acerbically, acriflavine, acromegalic, acrylamides, actuarially, aerobically, aeroelastic, aeromedical, aeronomical, ahistorical, alcyonarian, aliteracies, allegorical, allographic, altarpieces, altercating, altercation, ancillaries, anthropical, antinuclear, antiradical, apicultural, applicators, applicatory, appreciable, appreciably, archaically, archangelic, archegonial, archipelago, articulable, articulated, articulates, articulator, artifactual, artiodactyl, autarchical, bacterially, ballcarrier, berascaling, biracialism, blackmailer, calendaring, calendrical, calibrating, calibration, calibrators, calligraphy, calorically, calumniator, canalicular, capillaries, capillarity, caracolling, caramelised, caramelises, caramelized, caramelizes, cardinalate, cardinality, caricatural, carnalities, carnallites, carnassials, carpogonial, cartularies, cascarillas, categorical, caterpillar, cavaliering, cavalierism, chamberlain, chancroidal, charcoaling, cicatricial, clairvoyant, coplanarity, culinarians, declaration, declarative, desacralize, diacritical, diametrical, dictatorial, discardable, drastically, endocardial, erratically, facilitator, farcicality, flagrancies, frantically, fratricidal, grammatical, graphically, hibernacula, icosahedral, impractical, increasable, intercalary, intercalate, interfacial, interracial, intractable, intractably, intraocular, intrathecal, irradicable, irradicably, isallobaric, lacerations, lacrimation, lacrimators, malpractice, marshalcies, matriarchal, matriculant, matriculate, microfaunal, monarchical, multiracial, nonracially, oracularity, organically, panegyrical, pantropical, paradisical, paradoxical, parallactic, paramedical, paraplegics, parasitical, parfocality, parfocalize, parochially, participial, particulars, particulate, patriarchal, patristical, pericardial, pericranial, pharisaical, piratically, piscatorial, postcranial, practicable, practicably, practically, pragmatical, prosaically, puritanical, pyramidical, racewalking, racialistic, radicalised, radicalises, radicalisms, radicalized, radicalizes, radicalness, rapaciously, rapscallion, rascalities, rebalancing, recalibrate, recanalized, recanalizes, reclaimable, reclamation, redactional, rhapsodical, sacrificial, sacroiliacs, satirically, scalariform, scarlatinal, scarlatinas, secretarial, straitlaced, strategical, theatricals, thrasonical, tracklaying, trafficable, triadically, ultrabasics, unpractical, vacillators, vascularity. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 61 63 69 61 6C |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-. .- -.-. .. .- .-.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010010 01100001 01100011 01101001 01100001 01101100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)R a c i a l |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0052 0061 0063 0069 0061 006C |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)526769756778 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Quotations: Historic 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Spoken | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
