Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Publicity |
PublicityNoun1. A message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "publicity" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Business | A story or message about a product or a company prepared as editorial rather than advertising material. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Publicity is one of the variables that comprise the promotional mix. The other components of promotions are advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling. Promotion is one of the variables that comprise the marketing mix. The other three are product management, pricing, and distribution.Publicity is closely related to public relations. Whereas public relations is the management of all communications between the firm and the general public, publicity is the management of product or brand related communications between the firm and the general public. It is primarily an informative activity (as opposed to a persuasive one), but its ultimate goal is to promote the companies products, services, or brands. A publicity plan is a planned program aimed at obtaining favorable press coverage for a companies products.
The most basic tool of the publicist is the press release, but other techniques include telephone press conferences, in-studio media tours, multi-component video news releases (VNR’s), newswire stories, and internet releases. For these releases to be used by the media, they must be of interest to the public ( or at least to the market segment that the media outlet is targeted to). The releases are often customized to match the media vehicle that they are being sent to. Getting noticed by the press is all about saying the right thing at the right time. A publicist is continuously asking what about you or your company will pique the reader's curiosity and make a good story? The most successful publicity releases are related to topics of current interest. These are referred to as news pegs. An example is if three people die of water poisoning, an alert publicist would release stories about the technology embodied in a water purification product.
But the publicist cannot wait around for the news to present opportunities. They must also try to create their own news. Examples of this include:
The advantages of publicity are low cost, and credibility (particularly if the publicity is aired in between news stories like on evening TV news casts). The disadvantages are lack of control over how your releases will be used, and frustration over the low percentage of releases that are taken up by the media.
- Contests
- Walkathons
- Art exhibitions
- Event sponsorship
- Arrange a speech or talk
- Make an analysis or prediction
- Conduct a poll or survey
- Issue a report
- Take a stand on a controversial subject
- Arrange for a testimonial
- Announce an appointment
- Celebrate an anniversary
- Invent then present an award
- Stage a debate
- Organize a tour of your business or projects
- Issue a commendation
see also: marketing, promotion, public relations
List of Marketing Topics List of Management Topics List of Economics Topics List of Accounting Topics List of Finance Topics List of Economists Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Publicity."
Synonyms: PublicitySynonyms: packaging (n), promotion (n), promotional material (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Information | Noun: information, enlightenment, acquaintance, knowledge; publicity; data. |
Manifestation | Indication; (calling attention to). publicity; disclosure; openness; (honesty), (artlessness); _panchement. |
Publication | Publicity, notoriety, currency, flagrancy, cry, bruit, hype; vox populi; report; (news). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | ! Page 73, Johnson, Navin, R.! I'm somebody now! Millions of people look at this book every day! This is the kind of spontaneous publicity, you're name in print, that makes people (The Jerk; writing credit: Carl Reiner, written by Steve Martin and Carl Gottlieb.) Well, there's no publicity so there's no people; Gutter never showed up so there's no beer; the instruments just blew out so there's no band; and I think Raji and Deeje may be dead (PCU; writing credit: Adam Leff; Zak Penn) You had better we could use the publicity. (The Bullwinkle Show; writing credit: Allan Burns; Chris Hayward) There's no such thing as bad publicity. (Sex and the City; writing credit: Mark Leiren-Young) I see you like publicity, Mr. Gittes (Chinatown; writing credit: Robert Towne) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Nothing Like Publicity (1936) Publicity Madness (1927) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | As publicity for Wild Horse and Burro program, adopted wild burros pull wagons on U.S. Highway 20. Credit: Mark Armstrong. |  | Edison Wood Products, Inc., publicity photo, no. 431, three-quarter crib;{19.000/30}. |
 | Caption: Home Projecting Kinetoscope Publicity Shot, Made at Edison's Studio, Family Watching Film in Living Room; August 9, 1912; {23.500/5} (jpg). |  | Caption: Ediphone Publicity Shot, Albert Miller and Co., Chicago; Chicago, IL; 1906; {29.320/74} (jpg). |
 | Caption: Publicity Shot, "If You Could See Yourself Dictating," "Phantom" View of Executive Standing at Desk Watching Himself Dictate to Stenographer Seated at Left; Unknown Date; {29.320/257} (jpg). |  | Winter pastimes. Trying to put over a little free publicity -- and discovering that ... Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Publicity vs. secrecy. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Publicity photo of the Cleaver family of the Leave it to Beaver television program. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Courthouse, Cuero, Texas. This is the principle shipping point for turkeys in Texas and the annual turkey run in the fall has received national publicity. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Gunfighter" by Loretta Humble Commentary: "Great face. Was posing for publicity shot for the place where they do their shoot outs. These guys love publicity. Have oral permission to use photo, might be able to find him and get signed if you just had to have it." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Abraham Lincoln | What kills the skunk is the publicity it gives itself. |
Lord Acton | Every thing secret degenerates, even the administration of justice; nothing is safe that does not show how it can bear discussion and publicity. |
Lord Acton. | Everything secret degenerates, even the administration of justice; nothing is safe that does not show how it can bear discussion and publicity. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | It seemed too precious an offering for any degree of publicity. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Although the beneficial cosmetic effects of some of these treatments have received wide publicity, there are insufficient data demonstrating sustained improvement, reversibility of tissue pathology, or the preservation of normal skin function by those agents. (references) | |
Business | Companies entering the market are well advised to engage in extensive brand awareness publicity. (references) | |
In their efforts to promote their sites, free publicity are naturally are often preferred to paid publicity. (references) | ||
These events usually take place two or three times a year. Advertising and publicity articles in IT magazines are also very important. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Russia | International publicity surrounding her detention may have played a part in her release. (references) |
Tanzania | Those persons designated by the Government as noncitizens included a well-known journalist; the High Commissioner to Nigeria; a regional CCM chairman, and the Zanzibar CCM publicity secretary. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | On February 15, the Minister of Information and Publicity threatened that the Government would revoke the passports of citizens whom it viewed as traveling overseas to promote sanctions or other interests allegedly harmful to the country; however, the Government did not take such action by year's end. (references) | |
Economic History | Egypt | The Commercial Service in Egypt is working with some of the better trade show organizers to offer advance publicity to U.S. firms and to help the organizers target Egyptian customers. (references) |
Norway | The reason might be the bad publicity around BSE. (references) | |
Argentina | An example of operational costs using the fast-food/restaurant sector as an example, is as follows: 37% spent on facilities, 24% for food products, 13% for labor costs, 7% for service costs, 7% for exploitation right fees, 6% for publicity and local marketing, and 6% for royalties. (references) | |
Human Rights | Iran | In November 1999, former Interior Minister and Vice President Abdollah Nouri was sentenced by a branch of the SCC to a 5-year prison term for allegedly publishing "anti-Islamic articles, insulting government officials, promoting friendly relations with the United States," and providing illegal publicity to dissident cleric Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri in Khordad, a newspaper that was established by Nouri in late 1998 and closed at the time of his arrest. (references) |
Pakistan | No cases tried by an antiterrorist court received similar publicity during the year. (references) | |
Sri Lanka | However, some critics claim that, following initial publicity, the committee's services have not been advertised widely. (references) | |
Minorities | Latvia | A small right-wing publisher, Aivars Garda, attempted to foment animosity towards the Russian-speaking minority through a series of antiethnic Russian publicity stunts. (references) |
Czech Republic | There is a Romani journalism course at the College of Publicity, here has been a Department of Romani Language Studies at Charles University in Prague since 1991, and additional university-level Romani language study program exist in Usti nad Labem and Brno. (references) | |
Romania | The Bucharest Mayor's office replied that job announcements did not fall under the law on publicity, which forbids discriminatory publicity. (references) | |
Trade | Spain | The Ministry of Agriculture must approve all printed advertising and publicity materials, and labels must be in Spanish and include detailed precautions. (references) |
Travel | Tunisia | HOWEVER, PUBLICITY AND EXHIBIT MATERIALS SHIPPED INTO THE COUNTRY REQUIRE CUSTOMS CLEARANCE BY THE RECEIVING PARTY IN TUNISIA. (references) |
Women | Spain | During the first plan, from 1998 to 2000, the Government sponsored 3 publicity campaigns and distributed over 750,000 educational pamphlets. (references) |
Worker Rights | Vietnam | These programs included publicity to warn women and girls of these dangers, repatriation programs to help female returnees, and vocational training for teenage girls in communities considered vulnerable to trafficking in persons. (references) |
Taiwan | The CLA conducts publicity campaigns to increase public awareness of the law and has set up telephone hot lines to accept complaints of LSL violations. (references) | |
Singapore | The authorities have fined or imprisoned employers who have abused domestics, often with great publicity. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TIGHTS, n. An habiliment of the stage designed to reinforce the general acclamation of the press agent with a particular publicity. Public attention was once somewhat diverted from this garment to Miss Lillian Russell's refusal to wear it, and many were the conjectures as to her motive, the guess of Miss Pauline Hall showing a high order of ingenuity and sustained reflection. It was Miss Hall's belief that nature had not endowed Miss Russell with beautiful legs. This theory was impossible of acceptance by the male understanding, but the conception of a faulty female leg was of so prodigious originality as to rank among the most brilliant feats of philosophical speculation! It is strange that in all the controversy regarding Miss Russell's aversion to tights no one seems to have thought to ascribe it to what was known among the ancients as "modesty." The nature of that sentiment is now imperfectly understood, and possibly incapable of exposition with the vocabulary that remains to us. The study of lost arts has, however, been recently revived and some of the arts themselves recovered. This is an epoch of renaissances, and there is ground for hope that the primitive "blush" may be dragged from its hiding-place amongst the tombs of antiquity and hissed on to the stage. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Publicity" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.46% of the time. "Publicity" is used about 2,406 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.46% | 2,393 | 3,733 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.46% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.04% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Noun (common) | 0.04% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,406 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "publicity": advance publicity ♦ avoid giving publicity ♦ blaze of publicity ♦ give smth. publicity ♦ publicity agency ♦ publicity agent ♦ publicity campaign ♦ publicity department ♦ publicity leaflet ♦ publicity man ♦ publicity manager ♦ publicity material ♦ publicity pamphlet. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "publicity": publicity-conscious, publicity-generating, publicity-grabbing, publicity-minded, publicity-seeker, publicity-seekers, publicity-seeking, publicity-shy, publicity-wise. | |
Ending with "publicity": self-publicity. | |
Containing "publicity": ever-publicity-conscious. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "publicity"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | publicitet (daylight), reklamë (ad, advertisement, circular, commercial, commercial break, dodger, headline, plug, poster, prospectus, reclame, show card). (various references) | |
Arabic | علنية, علانية (aboveboard, overtly, overtness, publicly), ذيوع, إعلان (ad, advertisement, advertising, announcement, annunciation, bill, bush, declaration, exploitation, gazette, notification, pitch, placard, poster, proclamation, profession, promulgation, pronunciation, protestation, sign, spot), شيوع (commonness, propagation), شهرة (bay, celebrity, fame, kudos, notability, prominence, renown, report, reputation, repute), شعبية (lower class, popularity, vogue), دعاية (exploitation). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | реклама (ad, advertisement, advertising, boost, promotion, prospectus, reclame, show, sign, signboard), разгласа, гласност, обществено внимание, обществено одобрение, публичност. (various references) | |
Chinese | 宣传 (Propaganda, propagandistic, propagandize). (various references) | |
Czech | publicita, propagace (advertising, propagation, spread), zájem veřejnosti, reklama (ad, advert, advertisement, advertising, commercial, plug). (various references) | |
Danish | propaganda (propaganda), diverse Fremstød. (various references) | |
Dutch | verspreiding (propaganda), propaganda (propaganda, publicity material). (various references) | |
Esperanto | publikeco, propagando (propaganda). (various references) | |
Farsi | تبلیغات (Incantation, Propaganda). (various references) | |
Finnish | mainostus (advertising), mainonta (advertising), julkisuus. (various references) | |
French | publicité (publication, tariff publication), propagande. (various references) | |
German | Werbung (advertisement, advertising, advt, attracting, build up, courting, courtship, pre-election publicity, promotion, propaganda, publicity department, recruitment, suit, winning), Propaganda (advertisment, propaganda). (various references) | |
Greek | δημοσιότητα (limelight). (various references) | |
Hebrew | תעמולה (agitation, propaganda), פומביות, פומבי (ostentation, pomp, public, solemnity), פרהסיה, פרסומת (advertisement, advertising), הסברה (explanation, interpretation, propaganda). (various references) | |
Hungarian | nyilvánosság (clarity, public), hirdetés (ad, advert, advertisement, advertising, insertion, notice, placard, poster). (various references) | |
Indonesian | publisitas. (various references) | |
Italian | pubblicità (advertisement, advertising, plug). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 表沙汰 (lawsuit), 広報 (information, PR, public relations), パノラマ写真 (palladium, panoramic photograph, Papa, papaya, paprika, papyrus, parachute, parachute skirt, paradigm, paradigm shift, paradise, paraglider, paragraph, parapsychology, paraquat, parasail, parasite single, parasol, Parathion, paratyphus, parfait, pavilion, Pavlov, performance, perfume, perfumer, pub, public, public acceptance, public corporation, public course, public domain, public house, public opinion, public relations, public school, public servant, public space, puff, puff sleeve, puppy), 弘報 (information, PR, public relations), 宣伝 (propaganda), 宣伝 (propaganda), 廣報 (information, PR, public relations). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | おもてざた (lawsuit), パブリシティー , せんでん (propaganda), こうほう (behind, communique, further information, high mountain, in back, in the rear, information, later or latest report, lofty peak, method of construction, navigation, official bulletin, PR, public law, public relations, sailing). (various references) | |
Korean | 공표. (various references) | |
Manx | soilsheydys (announcement, explanation), soilsheydaght (demonstrability, demonstration), cronnalys (distinctness, notability, obviousness). (various references) | |
Papiamen | propaganda (propaganda). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ublicitypay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | publicidade (advertising, light, limelight, publicness, spotlight), propaganda (advertisement, advertising, commercial, propaganda), reclame (advertisement, placard), notoriedade (notoriety, palpability, patency, prominence, prominency, publicness), acção de promoção. (various references) | |
Romanian | publicitate (advertisement), reclamã (advert, advertisement, advertising, bill, circular, commercial, dodger, exploitation, handbill, sign). (various references) | |
Russian | гласность (publication). (various references) | |
Scottish | follas. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | publicitet. (various references) | |
Spanish | publicidad (advertising, commercial, promo, promotion). (various references) | |
Swedish | offentlighet. (various references) | |
Tagalog | propagánda (propaganda). (various references) | |
Turkish | propaganda (agitprop, boost, build up, canvassing, propaganda). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | реклама (advertisement, advertising, blurb, build up, circular, dodger, public relations), публічність, пропагування, популярність (availability, celebrity, fame, note, popularity, renown, repute, vogue). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tính công khai, sự rao hàng, sự làm cho thiên hạ biết đến sự quảng cáo. (various references) | |
Welsh | cyhoeddusrwydd. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | medi, media, medii, mediis, medio, medium. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | cithra. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"Publicity" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Pubblici, pubicity, publicily, publiclty. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "publicity" (pronounced publi"sutē) |
| 6 | -l i" s u t ē | complicity, duplicity, Felicity, multiplicity, simplicity. |
| 5 | -i" s u t ē | analyticity, authenticity, domesticity, eccentricity, elasticity, electricity, ethnicity, specificity, toxicity. |
| 4 | -s u t ē | adversity, animosity, atrocity, audacity, biodiversity, capacity, complexity, curiosity, density, laxity, diversity, falsity, ferocity, generosity, incapacity, intensity, mendacity, monstrosity, necessity, obesity, opacity, overcapacity, paucity, perplexity, perversity, pomposity, propensity, reciprocity, religiosity, scarcity, tenacity, university, varsity, velocity, veracity, virtuosity, viscosity, voracity. |
| 3 | -u t ē | absurdity, acceptability, accessibility, ability, abnormality, accountability, acidity, activity, actuality, acuity, adaptability, admissibility, advisability, affinity, affordability, aggressivity, agility, alacrity, alkalinity, ambiguity, amenity, amiability, amity, annuity, anonymity, antiquity, anxiety, applicability, austerity, authority, availability, banality, barbarity, believability, bestiality, bisexuality, brevity, brutality, calamity, capability, captivity, causality, cavity, celebrity, centrality, charity, chastity, civility, clarity, collegiality, commodity, commonality, community, comparability, compatibility, comprehensibility, conditionality, conductivity, confidentiality, conformity, congeniality, congruity, connectivity, constitutionality, continuity, convertibility, creativity, credibility, credulity, criminality, criticality, crotchety, culpability, cyclicality, debility, deductibility, deformity, deity, deniability, dependability, depravity, deputy, desirability, dexterity, dignity, dimensionality, disability, discontinuity, irresponsibility, irritability, laity, legality, disparity, dissimilarity, disunity, divinity, docility, duality, ductility, durability, electability, eligibility, enforceability, enmity, enormity, entity, equality, equanimity, equity, eternity, eventuality, exclusivity, expressivity, extraterritoriality, extremity, facility, fallibility, familiarity, fatality, feasibility, femininity, fertility, festivity, fidelity, finality, flammability, flexibility, fluidity, formality, fragility, fraternity, frivolity, frugality, functionality, futility, generality, geniality, gentility, gratuity, gravity, gullibility, heredity, heterogeneity, heterosexuality, hilarity, homogeneity, homosexuality, hospitality, hostility, humanity, humidity, humility, hyperactivity, hypersensitivity, identity, illegality, illiquidity, immaturity, immobility, immorality, immortality, immunity, impartiality, impersonality, impossibility, impropriety, impunity, impurity, inability, inaccessibility, inactivity, incivility, incompatibility, incongruity, incredulity, indemnity, indestructibility, indignity, individuality, inequality, inequity, inevitability, infallibility, inferiority, infertility, infidelity, infinity, infirmity, inflexibility, informality, ingenuity, inhumanity, insanity, insecurity, insensitivity, instability, instrumentality, insularity, integrity, invincibility, invisibility, invulnerability, irrationality, irregularity, legibility, lethality, levity, liability, liberality, liquidity, lividity, locality, longevity, majority, malleability, maneuverability, marketability, masculinity, materiality, maternity, maturity, mediocrity, mentality, minority, miscibility, mobility, modality, modernity, morality, morbidity, mortality, motility, municipality, musicality, mutuality, nationality, nativity, negativity, neutrality, nobility, Nonconformity, nonentity, nonutility, normality, notoriety, nudity, objectivity, obscenity, obscurity, oddity, opportunity, originality, oversensitivity, palatability, parity, partiality, particularity, passivity, paternity, peculiarity, permeability, perpetuity, personality, piety, plausibility, plurality, polarity, polity, popularity, portability, possibility, posterity, practicality, predictability, principality, priority, probability, probity, proclivity, productivity, profanity, profitability, progressivity, promiscuity, proportionality, propriety, prosperity, proximity, punctuality, purity, quality, quantity, radioactivity, rapidity, rarity, rationality, reactivity, readability, reality, receptivity, reflexivity, regularity, relativity, reliability, respectability, responsibility, retroactivity, rickety, rigidity, salinity, sanctity, sanity, seasonality, security, selectivity, senility, seniority, sensibility, sensitivity, sensuality, sentimentality, serendipity, serenity, severity, sexuality, similarity, sincerity, sobriety, society, solemnity, solidarity, solidity, sorority, speciality, spirituality, spontaneity, stability, sterility, stupidity, subjectivity, suitability, superconductivity, superfluidity, superiority, supermajority, surety, survivability, susceptibility, sustainability, technicality, temerity, theatricality, timidity, tonality, totality, tranquility, transferability, Trinity, triviality, turbidity, ubiquity, unanimity, unavailability, unfamiliarity, uniformity, unity, universality, unpopularity, unpredictability, unreality, unreliability, uppity, utility, validity, vanity, variability, variety, velvety, venality, Verity, versatility, viability, vicinity, virginity, virility, visibility, vitality, volatility, vulgarity, vulnerability. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "b-c-i-i-l-p-t-u-y" | |
-3 letters: public. | |
-4 letters: built, butyl, clipt, cubit, culti, icily, licit, lytic, picul, pubic, tulip, typic, uplit. | |
-5 letters: blip, city, clip, clit, club, cult, litu, pili, pily, pity, puli, pyic, tipi, upby. | |
| Words containing the letters "b-c-i-i-l-p-t-u-y" | |
+2 letters: culpability. | |
+4 letters: computability, incorruptibly, insusceptibly. | |
+5 letters: corruptibility, susceptibility. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
