Proxy

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Proxy

Definition: Proxy

Proxy

Adjective

1. Acting as substitute for another.

Noun

1. A person authorized to act for another.

2. A power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "proxy" was first used: 14th century. (references)

Note: Proxy \Prox"y\, noun; plural Proxies. [Contr. from procuracy. Compare to Proctor.]. (Websters 1913)


Specialty Definition: Proxy

DomainDefinition

Census

An interview in which the respondent is not a member of the household being enumerated. The respondent might be a neighbor or some other knowledgeable person. (references)

Finance

Proxy or authorization to vote. Source: European Union. (references)
 (l) the authority or power to act for another. (2) a document giving such authority. (3) the person authorized to act for another. (references)

Health

A person authorized to decide or act for another person, for example, a person having durable power of attorney. (references)

Law

A person acting in place of another. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Proxy

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The word "proxy" can mean more than one thing:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Proxy."

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Synonyms: Proxy

Synonyms: deputy(a) (adj), proxy(a) (adj), placeholder (n), procurator (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Proxy

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Deputy

Noun: deputy, substitute, vice, proxy, locum tenens, badli, delegate, representative, next friend, surrogate, secondary.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Proxy

English words defined with "proxy": internecineProcuracy, Procuration, Proxies, Proxyshipvoting right, voting stock. (references)
Specialty definitions using "proxy": Address Resolution Protocolbastion hostdendroclimatologyfirewall machinePosted county price, proxy ARP, proxy gateway, proxy server. (references)
Etymologies containing "proxy": Prox. (references)

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Modern Usage: Proxy

DomainUsage

Lyrics

She's loving by proxy, no give and all take ((I Just) Died In Your Arms; performing artist: Cutting Crew)

Movie/TV Titles

Murder by Proxy (1954)

Foxy by Proxy (1952)

Respectable by Proxy (1920)

Proxy Husband (1919)

Widow by Proxy (1919)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Proxy

DomainTitle

Books

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Proxy

ThumbnailDescription & Credit

[Army Nurses bury by proxy Hitler and Tojo]. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Use in Literature: Proxy

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

The void in the heart does not accommodate itself to a proxy.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Proxy

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Another form of advance directive is called a durable power of attorney for health care decisions or a health care proxy. (references)

In these instances, proxy indices-including other biological markers or modeled estimates of seroincidence based on behavioral outcomes-can be used to estimate the effects of prevention programs on seroincidence. (references)

Business

According to IDC, anti-virus solutions accounted for 54.5% of the security market in 1999. This figure will decrease to 46.8% in 2002. Additionally, demand for firewalls and proxy servers should decrease 33.1% to 27.1%, and from 3.3% to 2.7%, respectively during the same period. (references)

Civil Liberties

Kazakhstan

Clients of the two largest Internet providers, Kaztelecom and Nursat, periodically were blocked from direct access to the opposition Evrasia Web site, although access was still available through proxy servers. (references)

Bahrain

A government-controlled proxy prohibits user access to sites considered to be antigovernment or anti-Islamic. (references)

United Arab Emirates

In most cases, the proxy server does not appear to block news services, political expression unrelated to radical Islam, or material originating from specific countries. (references)

Political Rights

Niger

The societal practice of husbands' voting their wives' proxy ballots effectively disenfranchises many women. (references)

Tajikistan

There were reports of the inflation of voter turnout and proxy voting in all three districts. (references)

Tajikistan

Irregularities in a number of constituencies including proxy voting, unsealed ballot boxes, stuffed ballot boxes, votes added in favor of a particular party, lack of consistency between the sum of votes counted and the number of ballots issued, discrepancies between votes considered invalid during the count and the final result sheet, and blank copies of protocols signed before the counting of ballots and filled in with pencil during the count. (references)

Trade

Switzerland

The reasons for the rejection were many and varied, but the opposition was successful in casting the vote as a proxy decision on future EU membership and instinctive fears of abandoning neutrality, ceding sovereignty to Brussels, and an unwanted influx of foreigners prevailed. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Proxy

"Proxy" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Proxy" is used about 349 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%34915,301

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Proxy

Expressions using "proxy": be proxy for by proxy Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy proxy ARP proxy fight proxy gateway proxy server proxy signature proxy vote stand proxy. Additional references.

Hypenated Usage

Ending with "proxy": Munchausen-by-proxy.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Proxy

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

proxy

3,812

messenger msn problem proxy realm

68

proxy server

1,438

proxy setting

68

hlr proxy

1,357

bypass proxy

68

proxy list

490

proxy checker

64

free proxy

370

multi proxy

62

free proxy server

336

munchausen syndrome by proxy

61

anonymous proxy

256

outwar proxy

61

proxy hunter

181

proxy software

56

anonymous proxy list

135

public proxy server

53

cgi proxy start using

129

public proxy

51

free proxy list

115

mega proxy

50

anonymous proxy server

103

anonymous proxy free

50

cgi proxy

99

sock proxy

48

auth proxy realm type

86

filter killer proxy

47

free public proxy server

82

health care proxy

45

clicker proxy

82

analogx proxy

44

by munchausen proxy

78

proxy scanner

43

web proxy

77

irc proxy

41

win proxy

75

microsoft proxy server

40

proxy server list

70

proxy plus

38
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Proxy

Language Translations for "proxy"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

prokurë, përfaqësim (representation), i pajisur me prokurë (procurator), i autorizuar (authorized, canonic, canonical, entrusting), fuqi (capacity, energy, exponent, force, intensity, lustiness, might, output, potency, power, ratio, strength, vigor, vigour), autorizim (authorization, commission, permission, permit, procuration, warranty). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مفوض (authorized, commissioned, commissioner, delegate, deputy, mandatary), ‏نيابة (replacement, representation, substitution), ‏وكالة (agency, commission, dealership, procuration), ‏وثيقة (bill, deed, document, instrument, paper, record, script), ‏تفويض (authorization, commission, delegacy, delegation, deputation, mandate, power of attorney, procuration, warrant, warranty), ‏الوكيل (attorney, fiduciary, representative). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

чрез заместник, чрез пълномощник (by procuration), заместник (alternate, deputy, lieutenant, pinch hitter, replacement, secondary, stand by, stand in, sub, substitute, succedaneum, successor, surrogate, vice, vicegerent), пълномощно (commission, letter of attorney, procuration, trust deed, warrant), пълномощник (agent, assignee, attorney, commissary, deputy, employer, factor, mandatary, mandatory, procurator, vicegerent), пълномощие (authority, commission, deputation), делегация (delegacy, delegation, mission). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

代理人 (Proxies, surrogate). (various references)

   

Czech

  

plnomocník, plná moc (power, power of attorney, retainer, warrant), zastupování, zástupce (agent, alternate, deputy, lawyer, procurator, representative, substitute). (various references)

   

Danish

  

stedfortræder (alternate), fuldmagt (act of delegation, authority, delegation, letter of attorney, power of attorney). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

procuratie, volmachtsakte, volmachtbrief (letter of attorney), volmacht (authorization, mandate), gevolmachtigde (nominee, representative). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

نماینده (Agent, Delegate, Deputation, Deputy, Doer, Envoy, Exponent, Indicator, Representation, Representative, Symptomatic), وکیل (Agent, Attorney, Deputy, Lieutenant), وکالتنامه , وکالت (Advocacy, Agency, Attorney, Bar, Deputation, Proctorship), بنمایندگی دیگری رای دادن . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

valtuutettu asiamies, valtakirja (credentials, power of attorney). (various references)

   

French

  

pouvoir, fondé de pouvoir (procurator). (various references)

   

German

  

vertretung (agency, holding, legation, replacement, representation, representational party, representativeness, substitute, supporting), Stellvertretung (by deputy), stellvertreter (agent, attorney, attorney in fact, deputy, locum, replacement, representative, surrogate, understudy). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

έγγραφο εξουσιοδότησης, πληρεξούσιοσ (attorney, deputy, plenipotentiary, procurator), πληρεξούσιο έγγραφο, πληρεξούσιο (mandate), πληρεξουσιότησ (full powers), πληρεξουσιότητα (full powers), υποκατάστατη μεταβλητή, εξουσιοδότηση (authorisation, authorization, delegation, fiat, warrant, warranty), εντολοδόχοσ (assignee, representative). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מיופ" כח (accredited, authorized, empowered, plenipotentiary), בא כח (agent, attorney, delegate, representative, spokesman). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

meghatalmazott (accredited, commissioned, commissioner, delegate, mandatory, substitute, trustee), megbízott (accredited, agent, assign, commissioned, commissioner, deputy, emissary, mandatary, mandatory, Proctor, representative, trustee, vakeel, vicarious), helyettes (acting, alternate, assistant, deputy, fill in, lieutenant, locum tenens, stand-in, substitute, supply, surrogate, vicar, vice). (various references)

   

Italian

  

procura (attorney, power of attorney). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

プレヤデス星団 (PD, Pleiades cluster, prelude, prerelease, probe, professional, program, program analyzer, program director, programmer, programming), 名代 (fame, representative, well-known), "任状 (commission), 代行者 (agent), 代理者 (agent, alternate, attorney, deputy, representative, substitute), 代理人 (agent, alternate, attorney, deputy, representative, substitute), 代理 (acting, agency, agent, alternate, attorney, deputy, representation, substitute), 代人 (agent, deputy, representative, substitute), 代" , 代り (alternate, compensation, deputy, relief, second helping, substitute), 代わり (alternate, compensation, deputy, relief, second helping, substitute), 代え (substitute). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

プロキシ , かわり (a replacement, a turn, alteration, alternate, an exchange transaction, change, compensation, deputy, difference, relief, second helping, strangeness, substitute), かえ (alteration, change, changing, rate of exchange, substitute), いに"じょう (commission), みょう い (representative), いに" (acting official, adult, agency, agent, deputy, representative, substitute), いい" (signing by proxy), い"うしゃ (agent), いりしゃ (agent, alternate, attorney, deputy, representative, substitute), いりに" (agent, alternate, attorney, deputy, representative, substitute), いり (acting, agency, agent, alternate, attorney, deputy, imperial palace, representation, substitute). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

대리권 (Proxies). (various references)

   

Manx

  

ynnydee (assignee, commissary, locum tenens, procurator, substitute), shagh-teiyder, meoirys (mayorship). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

oxypray

   

Portuguese

  

procuração (commission, power of attorney, procuration, warrant). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

reprezentat (figured), mandatar (mandatory, representative), mandat (commission, innings, mandate, seat, warrant, writ), delegat (authorized, commissary, delegate, deputy, mandatory, representative, substitute), delegaţie (autorization, commission, delegacy, delegation, deputation, legation, mission, representation), împuternicit (attorney, commissary, commissioner, mandatory, representative), împuternicire (commission, delegacy, deputation, letter of attorney, mandate, power of attorney, procuration, vicarious power, warrant, warrant of attorney). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

уполномоченный (assignee, authorised, commissioner), сделанный (done, made), доверенный (fiduciary, trust), доверенность (commission, empowerment, letter of attorney, letter of authority, poa, power of attorney, procuration). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

punomoćstvo, zastupnik (agent, assignee, defender, locum tenens, mandatary, pleader, representative, spokesman), zastupanje. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

procuración (procuration, procuratory, procurement), poderhabiente, poder (ability, ascendancy, authority, be able, be able to, can, capability, capacity, dominion, ennoblement, know how, may, might, mightiness, power, power of attorney, puissance, sway, to be able, warrant), variable sustitutiva, apoderado (agent, assignee, attorney, attorney in fact, procurator, representative). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

ombud (agent, attorney, attorneys, delegate, representative), fullmakt (commission, letters of appointment, power of attorney, procuration, warrant, warrent). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

vekillik (delegacy, guardianship, ministry, representation, trusteeship), vekil (administrator, alternate, assignee, attorney, commissary, commissioner, delegate, deputy, lieutenant, locum, locum tenens, minister, nominee, representative, stand in, substitute, supply, surrogate, vicar, vice, vice gerent), vekâletname (letter of attorney, power of attorney, procuration, trust deed, warrant, warrant of attorney), vekâlet (mandate, power of attorney, procuration, succession). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

уповноважений (assignee, authorized, commissary, mandatory, syndic), заступництво (auspices, favour, patronage, pleading, protection, protectorate, protectorship, push, shelter), повірений (attorney, mandatory, procurator, solicitor), повноваження (authority, warrant), доручення (authorization, delegation, errand, mandate, message, mission, procurance, procuration, procuratory). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

sự uỷ quyền người đại diện, sự uỷ nhiệm, người thay mặt (deputy, procurator), do uỷ quyền. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Proxy

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

procuratio. (various references)

Medieval Latin700-1500

procuratia. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Misspellings: Proxy

Misspellings

"Proxy" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aprox, croxy, froxy, paroxy, pordy, poxi, poxie, poxy, prax, praxie, preux, prex, prexy, prixy, Procys, prody, profy, progy, proux, prowy, proxcy, proxi, proxie, proxyi, proxys, prudy, prxoy, roxy, ruxy, troxy. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Proxy"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "proxy" (pronounced prÄ"ksē)
4-Ä" k s ēboxy, doxie, doxy, epoxy, foxy, Moxie, oxy.
3-k s ēapoplexy, folksy, galaxy, heterodoxy, hydroxy, maxi, Nixie, orthodoxy, pixie, sexy, taxi, waxy.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Proxy

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "o-p-r-x-y"

-1 letter: oryx, ropy.

-2 letters: oxy, pox, pro, pry, pyx.

-3 letters: op, or, ox, oy, yo.

 Words containing the letters "o-p-r-x-y"
 

+1 letter: peroxy.

 

+3 letters: paroxysm, prolixly, pyroxene, xylocarp.

 

+4 letters: expiatory, expletory, paroxysms, prolixity, proximity, pyridoxal, pyroxenes, pyroxenic, pyroxylin, xerophily, xerophyte, xylocarps, xylograph.

 

+5 letters: auxotrophy, expiratory, expository, oropharynx, paroxysmal, phylloxera, praxeology, protoxylem, proximally, pyridoxals, pyridoxine, pyroxenite, pyroxenoid, pyroxylins, thixotropy, xerography, xerophytes, xerophytic, xylographs, xylography.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Quotations: Fiction
8. Quotations: Non-fiction
9. Usage Frequency
10. Expressions
11. Expressions: Internet
12. Translations: Modern
13. Translations: Ancient
14. Derivations
15. Rhymes
16. Anagrams
17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.