Pluck

Definition: Pluck

Pluck

Noun

1. The trait of showing courage and determination in spite of possible loss or injury.

2. The act of pulling and releasing a taut cord.

Verb

1. Pull or pull out sharply; "pluck the flowers off the bush".

2. Sell something to or obtain something from by energetic and esp. underhanded activity.

3. Rip off; ask an unreasonable price.

4. Pull lightly but sharply with a plucking motion, as of guitar strings; "he plucked the strings of his mandolin".

5. Strip of feathers; "pull a chicken"; "pluck the capon".

6. Look for and gather; "pick mushrooms"; "pick flowers".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "pluck" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references)

Note: Pluck \Pluck\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Plucked; Plucking.]. (references)

Food & Agriculture

Industry

Literature

Slang in 1811

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Pluck

Courage

Manliness, manhood; nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of grace; spunk, guts, face, virtue, hardihood, intestinal fortitude; firmness; (stability); heart of oak; bottom, backbone, spine; (perseverance) a. resolution; (determination); bulldog courage.

Deception

Verb: deceive, take in; defraud, cheat, jockey, do, cozen, diddle, nab, chouse, play one false, bilk, cully, jilt, bite, pluck, swindle, victimize; abuse; mystify; blind one's eyes; blindfold, hoodwink; throw dust into the eyes; dupe, gull, hoax, fool, befool, bamboozle, flimflam, hornswoggle; trick.

Perseverance

Bottom, game, pluck, stamina, backbone, grit; indefatigability, indefatigableness; bulldog courage.

Rejection

Verb: reject; set aside, lay aside; give up; decline; (refuse); exclude, except; pluck, spin; cast.

Resolution

Noun: determination, will; iron will, unconquerable will; will of one's own, decision, resolution; backbone; clear grit, true grit, grit; sand, strength of mind, strength of will; resolve; (intent); firmness; (stability); energy, manliness, vigor; game, pluck; resoluteness; (courage); zeal; aplomb; desperation; devotion, devotedness.

Stealing

Swindle, peculate, embezzle; sponge, mulct, rook, bilk, pluck, pigeon, fleece; defraud; obtain under false pretenses; live by one's wits.

Taking

Reap, crop, cull, pluck; gather; (get); draw.

Crosswords: Pluck

If thine eye offends thee, pluck it out. If thine own hand offends thee, then in God's name, cut it off (Deadly Blessing; writing credit: Glenn M. Benest; Matthew Barr)

He's got pluck. (The Rockford Files; writing credit: Rahel Fabian; Moshé Mizrahi)

You can't just pluck someone off the street and put him on the air. (NewsRadio; writing credit: Scott Bank; Jenny Banks)

Cowboy Pluck (1929)

Bulldog Pluck (1927)

Western Pluck (1926)

American Pluck (1925)

Colorado Pluck (1921)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• Andy Grant's Pluck (reference)

• Joe the Hotel Boy or Winning Out by Pluck (reference)

• Joe, The Hotel Boy; Winning Out By Pluck (reference)

• Pluck (reference)

• Pluck and Luck (reference)

  (more book examples)

Theater & Movies

• Singletons Pluck (reference)

  (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music

• Bach with Pluck! (reference)

• Bach With Pluck! Vol.2 (reference)

  (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Col. Pluck. Credit: Library of Congress.

Coast Guard Auxiliary. Guardians of inland waters. Harold "Pluck" Pierce, a Boston oil dealer, is head of a patrol of Marblehead, Massachusetts, flotilla of the Coast Guard Auxiliary. He instructs other auxiliarists in navigation. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Hester did not pluck them off.

The stem, when the hand is stretched out to pluck the flower, quivers, and seems at once to shrink back, and present itself

But I am in So far in blood that sin will pluck on sin.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

Genetic engineering allows scientists to pluck genes�"segments of DNA�"from one type of organism and combine them with genes of a second organism. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expressions using "pluck": have a crow to pluck ♦ have a crow to pluck with ♦ pluck a pigeon ♦ pluck asunder ♦ pluck at ♦ pluck off ♦ pluck one's eyebrows ♦ pluck out ♦ pluck smb. by the sleeve ♦ pluck up ♦ pluck up by the root ♦ pluck up courage ♦ pluck up enough courage to ♦ pluck up heart ♦ pluck up one's courage ♦ pluck up one's heart ♦ pluck wear to shreds ♦ To pluck a crow ♦ To pluck away ♦ To pluck down ♦ to pluck off ♦ to pluck up. Additional references.

Ending with "pluck": thumb-pluck.

Afrikaans

aftrek (absent onself, demand, depart, discount, go away, leave, pick, rebate, retreat, sale, subtract, tear, tear off), afskeur (pick, tear, tear off), afruk (pick, tear, tear off). (various references)

Albanian

pickoj (bite, nip, pinch), pickim (nip, pinch, sting), zemër (breast, core, heart, heartland, ticker), tërheq (allure, appeal, arrest, attract, bewitch, call attention to, capture, catch, charm, daggle, dangle, decoy, drag, draggle, draw, draw out, engage, entice, fetch, fix, haul, heave, invite, jerk, lure, prepossess, pull, pull out, recall, retract, revoke, stretch, take back, tow, tug, web, withdraw), të brendshme (bowels, entrails, gut, underwear), shpuploj (deplume, pick), shkul (deracinate, drag out, extort, extract, grub, hank, jerk, pull, pull out, rip out, root up, skein, tear, tear down, tweak, wring, yank), ndukje (nibble, pull, yank), nduk (nibble, nip, pinch), kurajë (courage, crust, grit, heart, pecker), këpus (break, depauperate, exhaust, pick, pick off, pull, Tucker), guxim (audacity, boldness, courage, dare, daring, doughtiness, fearlessness, fortitude, forwardness, guts, hardihood, hardiness, heart, intrepidity, mettle, nerve, spirit, spunk, stoutness, valor, valorous, valour), grabis (break in, burgle, hold up, pillage, pirate, plunder, prey, prey upon, Rob, steal). (various references)

Arabic 

‏معلاق الذبيحة, ‏هدم (blight, demolish, demolition, destroy, destruction, do away with, level, pull down, sap, smash, take apart, tear, tear down, total), ‏نقر على الأوتار, ‏نتف الريش, ‏نتف (pick off, snippet), ‏قطف (cull, pick, picking season), ‏تشجع (courage, nerve oneself, take heart), ‏عزم (design, determination, dourness, grit, hardihood, intention, mean business, project, purpose, resoluteness, resource, sand, steadiness), ‏جرأة (boldness, bravery, courage, daring, enterprise, fearlessness, guts, intrepidity, nerve, stoutness, undauntedness), ‏جرده من ماله, ‏إقتلع (displace, extirpate, extract, lift, plow, pull, root, take off, tear, tear out, weed out), ‏إقدام (prowess, resolution), ‏إحتال (cheat, do, finesse, gull, gyp, trick, victimize, wangle, work), ‏رفض مرشحا, ‏شجاعة (assurance, brace, bravery, brawler, courage, fortitude, gut, guts, hardiness, heroism, manhood, nerve, prowess, sand, spirit, spunk, stoutness, valor, valour). (various references)

Bulgarian 

скъсвам (break, fail, plough, refer, rend, rip down, rip open, rupture, sever, snap, strand, tear, tear away, tear down, tear off, tear out, wear out), скубя (flay, fleece, pluck off, pluck up, pull, rook, soak), скубване, смелост (audacity, boldness, bravery, courage, daring, enterprise, gallantry, hardihood, hardiness, manliness, sand, spirit, valor, valour), решителност (chopping, crispness, decision, determination, finality, firmness, flatness, resolution, resolve), тегля (drag, draw, haul, have a rough time, lug, pull, rouse, scale, strike, weigh out, wheel), карантия (inwards, offal), оскубвам (deplume, displume, fleece, gaff, pick, pluck out, plume, pull, rush, shear, tear out), мъжество (courage, fearlessness, heart, nerve, prowess, virility), бера (gather, pick, suppurate), измамвам (abuse, befool, beguile, catch, chisel, chouse, clip, cross, dash, defraud, diddle, fix, flam, fob, fool, gaff, go back on, green, gull, hijack, kid, mislead, mock, nobble, overreach, play false, prey, pull a fast one, put across, put on, screw, sell, shaft, short-change, slip over, spoof, swindle, take for a ride, take in, trick, trim), дързост (arrogance, assumption, audacity, cheek, contumely, daring, forwardness, hardihood, hardiness, impudence, intrepidity, nerve, sauce, temerity, uppishness), дърпам (drag, draw, haul, heave, lug, pull, pull back, strain at, throw back), дръпване (hitch, jerk, tweak). (various references)

Chinese 

采 (Plucked, Plucking), 採摘 (pick), 搊 . (various references)

Czech

podvést (cheat, deceive, defraud, double cross, dupe, fool, guile, let down, rope, swindle, take advantage of, victimize), utrhnout, trhnutí (jerk, jolt, pull, recoil, start, wrench, yank), trhat (blast, gather, mammock, pick, pick(up), scarify, tug, worry), oškubat (pick off), kuráž (guts, spirit, spunk), kořínek (rootlet), drùbky, cukat, cloumat (buffet, pull about), èesat (comb, gather), škubnutí (jerk, lurch, pull, quirk, stab, tug, twinge, twitch, yank), škubat (lug at, tear, tug). (various references)

Danish

plukke (pick, tear off). (various references)

Dutch

plukken (collect, gather, pick, pick up, tear off), afrukken (pick, tear off), afbreken (break, break down, break off, cry down, cut, cut a connection, cut up, demolish, divide, pick, pull down, pull to pieces, run down, separate, share, stop, take down, tear off, write down). (various references)

Esperanto

pluki (pick), deŝiri (pick, tear off). (various references)

Faeroese

skræða leysan (pick, tear off), royta (pick, rip, tear), henta (harvest, pick). (various references)

Farsi 

چیدن (Arrange, Clip, Crop, Cut, Lop, Mow, Pare, Pick, Pickup, Pull, Set, Snip, Trim), ناگهان کشیدن (Twitch), کندن (Cutout, Dig, Gouge, Gully, Mine, Peel, Pick, Pug, Pull, Rend, Scoop, Trench), کشیدن (Chart, Drag, Draw, Drawl, Entrain, Experience, Figure, Hale, Haul, Heave, Lave, Lengthen, Peg, Pull, Strain, Strap, String, Suffer, Trace, Trawl, Weigh), لخت کردن (Doin, Harry, Ransack, Rifle, Rob, Skin, Strip), گلچین کردن (Cull, Excerpt, Tab), تصمیم (Avow, Canon, Decision, Resolution), انقباض (Contraction, Retraction, Shrinkage, Torsion, Traction), شهامت 2 (Bounty), شجاعت (Bravery, Courage, Gallantry, Heroism, Manhood, Valor), دل وجرات (Heart), بصدادراوردن (Harp, Sound). (various references)

Finnish

syvänne (deep place, hollow), rohkeus (boldness, bravery, courage, fortitude), nyppiä (pick), nyhtää (pull, tear), näppäillä, kyniä, höyhentää (give . . a good licking, lick). (various references)

French

cueillir, pincer, fressure. (various references)

Frisian

ôfskuorre (pick, tear off), ôfroppe (pick, tear off), ôfbrekke (break, break down, break off, demolish, interrupt, pick, pull down, stop, take down, tear off). (various references)

German

pflücken (cull, gather, pick, pick off, tear off, to gather, to pluck). (various references)

Greek 

μαδώ (clean out, moult, strip). (various references)

Hebrew 

למרוט (polish, pull, sharpen), למרט (buff, pull, smooth), לתלוש (tear, tear off, tear out, uproot), לתלש, לקטוף (cull, pick), לעקור (eradicate, extirpate, pull out, pull up, uproot, yank), לארות (gather, pick), אמץ לב (bravery, courage, heroism, spunk, valour). (various references)

Hungarian

zsigerek (entrails, guts, innards, intestines, inwards, viscera), tépés (jumping, laceration, yank), rántás (hitch, hoick, jerk, liaison, lug, pull, tug, twitch, yank), bátorság (audaciousness, audacity, boldness, bravado, bravery, courage, dutch courage, fearlessness, fortitude, gallantry, heroism, high spirits, manhood, nerve, prowess, spunk, valor, valour). (various references)

Indonesian

petik, menggentarkan, menggaitkan (wheedle), memetik (cull, pick), gotes (gather). (various references)

Italian

staccare (divide, knock off, pick, remove, separate, stand out, take, tear, tear off, tear out), rompere (breach, break, crash, pick, smash, snap, tear, tear off, violate). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

胆玉 (courage, nerve), 胆 (courage, guts, liver, spirit), 肝っ魂 (guts, spirit), 肝っ玉　 (courage, nerve), 肝っ玉 (courage, nerve), 度胸　 (bravery, courage, nerve), 度胸 (bravery, courage, grit, guts, nerve). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

きもったま (courage, guts, nerve, spirit), きも (courage, guts, liver, spirit), どきょう (bravery, courage, grit, guts, nerve, sutra chanting). (various references)

Manx

tayrn beg, tayrn (brew of tea; designing, brew; designing, carry, carrying, cart; get out; draw, deracinate, describe; attract, draft, drag, draw along, drawing, haul, haulage, heave, hitch, induce; tap, induce; tap as barrel, lure, pull, pulling, suction, tow, towing, trace, tracing; quartering, trawl, tug, tugging, yank), speeiney (bark, bark as tree, barking, peel, pluck out, plucking, pull off, rind, skin, skinning, strip, tease out, teasing), scrobban, pluckey (evulsion, pluck off, plucking). (various references)

Pig Latin

uckplay.(various references)

Portuguese

colher (berry, collect, crop, drag out, garner, gather, gather a crop, gather a harvest, harvest, pick, pick off, pick up, pull, reap, reap a harvest, spoon, tear off), arrancar (abstract, cut up, disroot, drag out, extract, feather, force, jerk, lug, pick, pinch, pull, pull out, rip, start running, take away, tear off, tweezer, yank). (various references)

Romanian

potroace (giblets, offal), tragere (draught, draw, drawing, gunnery, gunning, pull, running, shooting, tug), trage (absorb, booze, come, drag, drag in, drag out, draw, evolve, extract, fetch, fire, guzzle, haul, heave, hitch, lie, lug, pop, pull, pull up, rub, screw, shoot, strike off, suffer, tipple, toll, tug, worry), trânti (bounce, flunk, hit, knock down, overthrow, plough, plump, slam, throw, toss), smulgere (avulsion, evulsion, wrench), jumuli (disrobe, fleece, pick, pick off, Rob, shave, shear), effort (drive, effort, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, force, labor, labour, pain, push, strain, stretch, struggle, tug), curaj (boldness, bravery, chins up, come on, courage, fearlessness, fortitude, gallantry, go, grit, gut, hardihood, manliness, nerve, recklessness, spirit, spunk, stomach, stoutness, valor, valour), culege (collect, compose, crop, cull, gather, glean, mow, pick, pick up, reap, set up, take up), ciupi (filch, goose, nip, pick, pinch, pit, twang, tweak), cãdea (appear, arrive, climb down, collapse, come down, drop, err, fail, fall, fall through, founder, go under, have a fall, land, pitch, redound, ruin, sin, sink, slip down, slough away, slough off, strip, vote down), arunca (bowl, cast, cast aside, cast away, cast off, chuck, cob, dart, dash, deliver, discard, drop, fling, huddle on, hurl, jet, jettison, launch, peg, pelt at, pitch, plump, plunge into, precipitate, project, put, reject, rush, send, shoot, slam, sling, throw, throw away, throw off, throw out, toss, tumble), apucare (bout, catch, clutch, grab, grapnel, grasp, grip, gripe, hold, hug, nip, prehension, purchase, seizing, seizure, snatch). (various references)

Russian 

срывать;собирать смелость;стойкость, смелость (adventurousness, audacity, boldness, confidence, courage, daring, Dutch courage, grittiness, gumption, hardihood, hardiness, pecker, pluckiness, spunk, spunkiness, temerity), щипать (nibble, nip, pinch, tweaking), выдергивать (twitch from), обирать, мужество (doughtiness, fortitude, guts, nerve, sand, spunk), ливер, провал (failing, failure, fiasco, frost, plough, plow, rot), потроха (giblet, harslet, haslet, offal), дерганье (lug). (various references)

Scottish

pluc (a lump), sgob (snatch, sting), buain (as grass, cut down; win, mow, reap). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

prebirati (plunk), raščerupati (mess up), otkinuti (break off, nip, rip off, sever, tear off), osmeliti (dare, encourage), odvažnost (audaciousness, audacity, boldness, pecker), očerupati (deplume, displume, strip), iznutrica (innards), hrabrost (bravery, courage, doughtiness, fortitude, gallantry, gut, hardihood, heart, mettle, morale, nerve, sportsmanship, spunk, valor, valour), drob (bowel, entrails, offal). (various references)

Spanish

arrancar (abstract, blow away, draw, draw out, extort, extract, grub up, pick, pluck off, prise off, prize off, pull, pull away, pull off, pull out, pull up, put on, rip off, rip out, root up, start, start running, switch on, take away, tear, tear away, tear down, tear off, tear out, tear up, turn on, weed, win, wrest, wring), tirón (haul, heave, hitch, jerk, lug, pull, tug, twitch, wrench, yank), cortar (ax, axe, bar, behead, block off, Bob, break, break in, chop, clip, comminute, crop, cut, cut across, cut away, cut down, cut in, cut off, cut out, cut up, decapitate, detruncate, disbranch, excise, exscind, fell, hack, incise, intersect, joint, lop, lop away, lop off, lumber, mow, Nick, nip, open, pare, pick, prune, sever, shear, shear off, shear through, shut off, slice, slit, snick, strike off, tear off, trim away, trim off, turn off, turn out, Whittle). (various references)

Swedish

plocka (cull, deplume, gather, Peck, pick), mod (bravery, courage, fashion, fortitude, gumption, guts, heart, mode, mood, Moxie, sand, spirits, style, valor, valour, vogue), kugga (fail, flunk, plough). (various references)

Turkish

sakatat (giblets, offal, variety meat), çekmek (abide, absorb, arrest, attract, be a sufferer by, be a sufferer from, be cursed with smth., bear, bear with, captivate, carry, catch, charm, claw, conjugate, decline, drag, draw, draw off, draw on, draw out, dwindle, engage, engross, extract, fetch, glamor, glamour, go through, go to scale at, grind, grip, haul, heave, hitch, hoist, hold, inflect, inhale, invite, last out, lug, lump, magnetize, pass through, pique, prepossess, pull, pull away, pull over, pull up, receive, record, run up, scale in, scale out, schlep, schlepp, shoot, shrink, sip, siphon, siphon off, soak, soak in, sop up, stand the racket, stretch, suck, suffer, sustain, syphon, syphon off, take, take after, take one's medicine, throw back, toss, tow, tow away, tug, turn the scale at, undergo, up with, whisk, withdraw), ayıklamak (clean out, comb out, grub up, pick, pick over, select, sort, sort out, weed out, weed up, winnow), cesaret (audacity, bear up, boldness, bravery, chivalry, courage, daring, doughtiness, enterprise, fearlessness, fortitude, gallantry, grit, gumption, guts, hardihood, hardiness, heart, nerve, pecker, prowess, sand, spirit, spunk, stoutness, ticker, valiantness, valor, valour), göt (arse, ass, Fanny), koparmak (break, break off, cozen, cut off, deflorate, deflower, dissever, extort, pick, pick off, pry, pull off, rend, rip, rip off, Rive, rupture, snap, snap off, snatch, snatch away from, snatch from, sunder, take apart, tear, tear away, tear off, tear out, unstick, work, wring), çekme (allure, allurement, bearing, draft, draught, draw, drawing, extraction, haul, haulage, hitch, hoist, pull, pull off, pull out, shrinkage, shrinking, soak, throwback, towage, towaway, towing, traction, withdrawal), sürüklemek (blow away, drag, drag along, drift, eat at, eat away, Hale, incline, lug, make leeway, schlep, schlepp, sweep, sweep before one, trail, train, tug, waft, wash away, wash off), yolmak (flake, pick, pull, Rive, tear), soymak (bare, bark, burglarize, burgle, clean out, decorticate, denude, deplume, despoil, disrobe, divest, flay, fleece, heist, hold up, housebreak, knock off, pare, Peel, plunder, pull off, rifle, rip off, Rob, roll, sack, shave, shear, skin, stick up, strip, unclothe, undress, unrobe), talan etmek (pillage, pirate, plunder, spoliate, sweep down on), toplamak (accumulate, add, add together, add up, agglomerate, aggregate, amass, assemble, beat up, bring together, build, call in, cast up, clear away, club, collect, combine, compile, concentrate, congest, congregate, consolidate, convene, cull, fold down back, furl, gather, gather up, glean, hand-pick, harvest, heap up, herd, hive, hive up, hoard, huddle, impound, lay up, levy, mass, muster, pack, pick, pick up, raise, rake together, rally, reckon up, recover, recruit, reunite, round up, scoop up, smarten up, sum up, summon, summon up, tot up, total, totalize, treasure, treasure up, turn out), yüreklilik (courage, pecker, spunk, valour), yağmalamak (despoil, forage, foray, Harry, loot, maraud, pillage, pirate, plunder, prey on, prey upon, put to the sack, Raven, reave, sack, spoliate, sweep down on), yolma, sınıfta bırakmak (flunk, keep down, plough, plow). (various references)

Turkmen 

яolmak (cut off, strip off), ьzьlmek (settle accounts, tear off), ьzmek (extinguish, tear off). (various references)

Ukrainian

сіпати (lug, twitch, wrench), сміливість (audacity, bield, courage, daring, gumption, hardihood), смикання (wrench), тягти (drag, draggle, draw, drawl, haul, lug, protract, pug, pull, rush, tow, trail), зривати (pick off, pull down, snatch off, tear down), лівер (numbles), перебирати. (various references)

Vietnamese 

sự thi trượt, sự thi hỏng, sự kéo (break, draw, drawing, drawn, drew, pull), sự giật (flirt, pull), sự can trường sự đánh trượt, sự bức, gan (audacious, dippy), cái giật (flick). (various references)

Welsh

plycio, plwc (space, while), pluo (deplume, plume), plicio (peel, strip), cnith (blow, slight touch), cip (snatch). (various references)

avellam, avellamus, avellatur, avellit, avulsus, carpe, carpere, convulsa, convulsam, divulso, eruam, eruamini, eruaris, eruas, eruat, eruatis, erue, eruebamque, eruens, eruent, eruentur, eruere, erueret, eruerit, eruero, eruerunt, erues, eruet, erui, eruimus, eruisset, eruissetis, eruisti, eruit, eruite, eruti, erutus, esaiam, evellam, evellas, evellendi, evellentur, evellerem, evelleret, evellero, evelles, evellet, evelletur, evelli, evello, evulsa, evulsae, pilare, velle, vellebant, vellent, vellere, velleris, vellet. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations

Words beginning with "pluck": plucked, plucker, pluckers, pluckier, pluckiest, pluckily, pluckiness, pluckinesses, plucking, plucks, plucky. (additional references)

Misspellings

"Pluck" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Phucke, piuck, plech, Pliushch, Plocek, plock, pluckl, pluckt, plucu, pluke, plyck, polack, polock, pruck, psuc, Pucik, pulik, pulk, pultusk. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

-1 letter: luck, puck.

-2 letters: cup, pul.

-3 letters: up.

+1 letter: lockup, plucks, plucky.

+2 letters: cuplike, lockups, plucked, plucker, potluck.

+3 letters: penuckle, pluckers, pluckier, pluckily, plucking, potlucks, pullback, skullcap.

+4 letters: parbuckle, penuckles, pluckiest, pocketful, puckishly, pullbacks, skullcaps.

+5 letters: leukopenic, parbuckled, parbuckles, pluckiness, pocketfuls, pocketsful, superblock, superflack, superslick, supplejack.