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Definition: Plan |
PlanNoun1. A series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue". 2. An arrangement scheme; "the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult"; "it was an excellent design for living"; "a plan for seating guests". 3. Scale drawing of a structure; "the plans for City Hall were on file". Verb1. Have the will and intention to carry out some action; "He plans to be in graduate school next year"; "The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion". 2. Make plans for something; "He is planning a trip with his family". 3. Make or work out a plan for; devise; "They contrived to murder their boss"; design a new sales strategy"; "plan an attack". 4. Make a design of; plan out in systematic, often graphic form; "design a better mousetrap"; "plan the new wing of the museum". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "plan" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | PLAN, v.t. To bother about the best method of accomplishing an accidental result. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Computing | PLAN |
Mining | A. A map showing features--such as mine workings, geological structures, and outside improvements--on a horizontal plane. See also:colliery plan b. A scheme or project for mine development. See also:plannin c. The system on which a colliery is worked, such as longwall,room-and-pillar, etc. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
1947 November 29, New York, USA , UN World Headquarters
1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
On 29 November 1947 the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York, approved a plan to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict over the British Mandate of Palestine. The plan partitioned mandated Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state, with the Greater Jerusalem area (encompassing Bethlehem) coming under international control (Map More Detailed Map). The failure of this plan led to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Creation of the plan
The United Nations, the successor to the League of Nations, attempted to solve the dispute between the Jews and the Palestinians. The UN appointed a committee, the UNSCOP, composed of representatives from several states. None of the Great Powers were represented, in order to make the committee more neutral. UNSCOP considered two main proposals. The first called for the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states in Palestine, with Jerusalem to be placed under international administration. The second called for the creation of a single federal state containing both Jewish and Arab constituent states. A majority of UNSCOP adopted the first option, although several members supported the second option instead and one member (Australia) said it was unable to decide between them. The UN General Assembly largely accepted UNSCOP's proposals, though they made some adjustments to the boundaries between the two states proposed by it. The division was to take effect on the date of British withdrawal.
Israel was to receive 55% of Mandatory Palestine. This included the fruitful shore plain and the Negev desert. The desert was not suitable for agriculture, and was not suitable for urban development at that period. Much of the land reserved for the Jewish state was already acquired by Jews, had a Jewish majority, or was under state control. (Map)
The UN made the recommendation for a three-way partition of Palestine into a Jewish State, an Arab State and a small internationally administered zone that would have included Jerusalem. The two states envisioned in the plan were each composed of three major sections, linked by extraterritorial crossroads. the Jewish state would receive the Coastal Plain, stretching from Haifa to Rehobot, the Eastern Galilee (surrounding the Sea of Galilee and including the Galilee panhandle) and the Negev, including the southern outpost of Umm Rashrash (now Eilat). The Arab state would receive the Western Galilee, with the town of Acre, the Samarian highlands and the Judean highlands, and the southern coast stretching from north of Majdal (now Ashkelon) and encompassing what is now the Gaza Strip, with a section of desert along the Egyptian border. It was also to control the coastal port of Jaffa as an enclave just south of Tel Aviv. The UNSCOP report placed the mostly-Arab town of Jaffa in the Jewish state, but it was moved to the Arab State before the proposal went before the UN.
The plan was a compromise position based on two other plans, giving more or less land to each state.
Reactions to the plan
Political pressure by the proponents of partition was used to get the UN to pass the partition proposal. Most of the Jews accepted the proposal, in particular the Jewish Agency, which was the Jewish state-in-formation but the Irgun Tsvai Leumi ( Begin's terrorist army) and the Stern Group (LEHI) (the terrorist force commanded by Yitzhak Shamir) rejected the plan. Numerous records indicate the joy of Palestine's Jewish inhabitants as they attended to the U.N. session voting for the division proposal. Up to this day, Israeli history books mention November 29th (the date of this session) as the most important date in the Israel's acquisition of independence. However Jews did criticise the lack of territorial continuity for the Jewish state.
The Arabic leadership opposed the plan. The plan violated the rights of the majority of the people in Palestine which at the time was 67% non-Jewish compared to 33% Jewish. They criticised the amount and quality of land given to Israel, given that they made only a quarter of the population. The Jews had been offered 55% percent of the land when they only owned 7%. The population for the proposed Jewish State was to be 498,000 Jews and 325,000 non-Jews. The population for the proposed Arab State was to be 807,000 non-Jews and 10,000 Jews. The population for the proposed International Zone was to be 105,000 non-Jews and 100,000 Jews.
Palestinians also feared that this Zionist state would be a stepping stone for further advancement; this view is supported by statements from David Ben Gurion and other leaders recently discovered by Israel's New Historians and other independent scholars. From the beginning it is clear that key Zionists had no intention of accepting the three-way partition the UN plan proposed, that of the Jewish State, Arab State and the International Zone encompassing Jerusalem and including Bethlehem.
[David Ben-Gurion] declared in 1938, "after we become a strong force, as a result of the creation of a state, we shall abolish partition and expand into the whole of Palestine" In 1948, Menachem Begin said, "The partition of the Homeland is illegal. It will never be recognized. The signature of institutions and individuals of the partition agreement is invalid. It will not bind the Jewish people. Jerusalem was and will forever be our capital. Eretz Israel (the land of Israel) will be restored to the people of Israel, All of it. And forever."
Text of the Resolution
Related Articles
- British Mandate of Palestine
- Balfour Declaration 1917
- 1922 Text: League of Nations Palestine Mandate
- Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948
- 1948 Arab-Israeli War
- 1949 Armistice Agreements
- Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- Proposals for a Palestinian state
- Arab-Israeli conflict
External links
- Partition Map
- Maps of Palestine
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "1947 UN Partition Plan."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) is the naval arm of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the military of the People's Republic of China. Until the early 1990s, the navy performed a subordinate role to the PLA land forces. The strategy of the PLAN was a combination of Maoist guerrilla warfare and the Soviet young officers school.In recent years, the PLAN has become more prominent owing to a change in Chinese strategic priorities. The possibility of a massive land attack by the Soviet Union has receded, and the new strategic threats include conflict with the United States or a resurgent Japan in areas such as Taiwan or the Spratly Islands.
See also: Liu Huaqing
Plans for aircraft carrier
As part of its overall program of naval modernization, there has been interest on the part of PLAN in building or acquiring an aircraft carrier. However the carrier has appeared to have been placed in a lower priority than other efforts to upgrade its aircraft and smaller ship forces.Most naval analysts believe that without significant modernization in other areas of its military, that a PLAN aircraft carrier would be militarily useless and would take resources away from other parts of the military. The main target of PRC military interest, Taiwan, is within range of Chinese land aircraft and the PRC's main focus in case of a conflict over Taiwan would be sea denial rather than power projection. This assessment appears to be shared by the Chinese military and political leadership.
See: Soviet aircraft carrier Varyag
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "People's Liberation Army Navy."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Plans prescribe proposed methods of moving towards or achieving one or more objectives or goals.Often structured, plans can occur in projects, diplomacy, careers, economic development, military campaigns or in the conduct of some business.
The term planning implies the working out of sub-components in some degree of detail. Broader-brush enunciations of objectives may qualify as metaphorical road maps.
Methodology
The discipline of planning has occupied great minds and theoreticians. Concepts such as top-down planning (as opposed to bottom-up planning) reveal similiarities with the systems thinking behind the Top-Down Model.
Types of plan
Economic planning became an important discipline in the Soviet Union and in Japan -- in the West the word "planner" may rather evoke images of town planning.In military usage, the grand structured pre-set plans of World War I became the more flexible and less pretentious limited-objective operations of World War II and later.
Examples of plans
Notable plans include:
See also: Planned unit development.
- The Schlieffen Plan
- The Five-Year Plan system in the former Soviet Union
- The Marshall Plan
- The much-heralded U.S. plan to invade Iraq
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Plan."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Urban, city, or town planning, deals with design of the built environment from the municipal and metropolitan perspective. Other professions deal in more detail with a smaller scale of development, namely architecture and urban design. Regional planning deals with a still larger environment, at a less detailed level. The Greek Hippodamus is often considered the father of city planning, for his design of Miletus, though examples of planned cities permeate antiquity. Muslims are thought to have originated the idea of formal zoning (see haram and hima and the more general notion of khalifa, or "stewardship" from which they arise).
City planning embraces the organisation, or conscious influencing, of land-use distribution in an area already built-up or intended to become built-up.
In ancient times, Romans used a consolidated scheme for city planning, developed for military defense and civil convenience. Effectively, many European towns still preserve the essence of these schemes, as in Turin. The basic plan is a central plaza with city services, surrounded by a compact grid of streets and wrapped in a wall for defense. To reduce travel times, two diagonal streets cross the square grid corner-to-corner, passing through the central square. A river usually flows through the city, to provide water and transport, and carry away sewage, even in sieges.
Planning and aesthetics
In developed countries there has been a backlash against excessive man-made clutter in the environment, such as bollards, signs and hoardings. Other issues that generate strong debate amongst urban designers are tensions between peripheral growth, increased housing density and planned new settlements. There are also unending debates about the benefits of mixing tenures and land uses, versus the benefits of distinguishing geographic zones where different uses predominate.Successful urban planning considers character, of "home" and "sense of place", local identity, respect for natural, artistic and historic heritage, an understanding of the "urban grain" or "townscape," pedestrians and other modes of traffic, utilities and natural hazards, such as flood zones.
Some say that the medieval piazza and arcade are the most widely appreciated elements of successful urban design, as demonstrated by the Italian cities of Siena and Bologna.
While it is rare that cities are planned from scratch (and, in case, with some risk of unsuccessful examples like for Brasilia), planners are important in managing the growth of cities, applying tools like zoning to manage the uses of land, and growth management to manage the pace of development. When examined historically, many of the cities now thought to be most beautiful are the result of dense, long lasting systems of prohibitions and guidance about building sizes, uses and features. These allowed substantial freedoms, yet enforce styles, safety, and often materials in practical ways. Many conventional planning techniques are being repackaged as smart growth.
There are some cities that have been planned from conception, and while the plans often don't turn out quite as planned, evidence of the initial plan often remains. See List of planned cities. Some of the most successful planned cities consist of cells that include park-space, commerce and housing, and then repeat the cell. Usually cells are separated by streets. Often each cell has unique monuments and gardening in the park, and unique gates or boundary-markers for the edges of the cell. The commercial areas naturally become diverse. These differences help instill a sense of place, while the similarities of the cells make each place in the city familiar.
Many urban areas show little sign of ever having being planned in any coherent or socially-aware way. Buildings and spaces may reflect the different priorities of a different era, or simply demonstrate an undue (anti-social or environmentally-insensitive) emphasis on the priorities of the organisation or individual that paid for their construction. Left-over parts of a town or city that appear to serve no particular purpose have been labelled by the pejorative acronym "SLOAP" meaning Space Left Over After Planning. Unfortunately such spaces are all too common, particularly in suburban areas, and planners, businesses, politicians, land agents and communities all have a duty to consider how these flaws in the urban fabric might be repaired.
Planning and safety
Many cities are constructed in places subject to flood, storm surges, extreme weather or war. City planners can cope with these. If the dangers can be localized (for flood or storm surge), the affected regions can be made into parkland or greenbelt, often with lovely results. Another practical method is simply to build the city on ridges, and the parks and farms in valleys.Extreme weather, flood, war or other emergencies can often be greatly mitigated with secure evacuation routes and emergency operations centers. These are so inexpensive and unintrusive that they're a reasonable precaution for any urban space.
Many cities also have planned, built safety features, such as levees, retaining walls, and shelters.
Some planning methods might help an elite control ordinary citizens. This was certainly the case of Rome (Italy), where Fascism in the 1930s created ex novo many new suburbs in order to concentrate criminals and poorer classes away from the elegant town. France currently uses similar methods to control ethnic-arabic groups on welfare.
In recent years, practitioners have also been expected to maximise the accessibility of an area to people with different abilities, practising the notion of "inclusive design," to anticipate criminal behaviour and consequently to "design-out crime" and to consider "traffic calming" or "pedestrianisation" as ways of making urban life more bearable.
City planning tries to control criminality with structures designed from theories like socio-architecture or environmental determinism. These theories say that an urban environment can influence individuals' obedience to social rules. The theories often say that pschological pressure develops in more densely developed, unadorned areas. This stress causes some crimes and some use of illegal drugs. The antidote is usually more individual space and better, more beautiful design in place of functionalism.
Other social theories point out that in England and most countries since the 18th century, the transformation of societies from rural agriculture to industry caused a difficult adaptation to urban living. These theories emphasize that many planning policies ignore personal tensions, forcing individuals to live in a condition of perpetual extraneity to their cities. Many people therefore lack the comfort of feeling "at home" when at home. Often these theorists seek a reconsideration of commonly used "standards" that rationalise the outcomes of a free (relatively unregulated) market.
Planning and transportation
There is a direct, well-researched connection between the density of an urban environment, and the amount of transportation into that environment. Good quality transport is often followed by development. Development beyond a certain density can quickly overcrowd transport.Good planning attempts to place high densities near high-volume transportation. For example some cities permit commerce and multistory apartment buildings only within one block of train stations and four-lane boulevards, and require single-family dwellings and parks to be farther-away.
Densities are usually measured as the floor area of buildings divided by the land area. Ratios below 1.5 are low density. Ratios above five are very high density. Most exurbs are below two, while most city centers are well above five. Walk-up apartments with basement garages can easily achieve a density of three. Skyscrapers easily achieve densities of thirty or more. Higher densities tempt developers with higher profits. Cities try to lower densities to reduce infrastructure costs.
Automobiles are well suited to serve densities as high as 1.5 with basic limited-access highways. Innovations such as car-pool lanes and ruch-hour use taxes may get automobiles to densities as high as 2.5.
Densities above 5 are well-served by trains. Most such areas were actually developed in response to trains in the middle 1800s, and have large historical riderships that have never used automobiles.
The problem is that there is a no-mans-land of densities between about two and five that causes severe traffic jams of automobiles, yet are too low to be served by trains or light rail. The conventional solution is to use busses, but these and light rail systems normally fail when automobiles are available, achieving less than 1% ridership. Some theoretricians speculate that personal rapid transit might coax people from their automobiles, and yet effectively serve intermediate densities, but this has not been demonstrated. The Lewis-Mogridge Position claims that increasing road space is not an effective way of relieving traffic jams.
Planning and suburbanization
In some countries declining satisfaction with the urban environment is held to blame for continuing migration to smaller towns and rural areas Urban Exodus, so successful urban planning can bring benefits to a much larger hinterland or city region and help to reduce both congestion along transportation routes and the wastage of energy implied by excessive commuting.A strong belief that the behaviour of individuals living in or frequenting an area can be heavily influenced by its physical design and layout is called environmental determinism.
Planning and the Environment
Arcology seeks to unify the fields of ecology and architecture, especially landscape architecture, to achieve a harmonious environment for all living things. On a small scale, the eco-village theory has become popular, as it emphasizes a traditional 100-140 person scale for communities.
In most advanced urban or village planning models, local context is critical. In many, gardening assumes a central role not only in agriculture but in the daily life of citizens. A series of related movements including green anarchism, eco-anarchism, eco-feminism and Slow Food have put this in a political context as part of a focus on smaller systems of resource extraction, and waste disposal, ideally as part of living machines which do such recycling automatically, just as nature does. The modern theory of natural capital emphasizes this as the primary difference between natural and infrastructural capital, and seeks an economic basis for rationalizing a move back towards smaller village units.
See also
- List of urban planners
- Thomas Adams
- Jane Jacobs
- New Towns
- New urbanism
- Unitary urbanism
External Links
- Carfree.com
- PLANetizen -- Planning & Development Network
- American Planning Association
- Urban Land Institute
- City Comforts
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Urban planning."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
PLAN | Dutch | Adviseur Beleidsplanning | N/A |
PLAN | English | Public library automation network | N/A |
| PLDU | French | Plan local de déplacements urbains | Transportation |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: PlanSynonyms: architectural plan (n), program (n), programme (n), be after (v), contrive (v), design (v), project (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: draughted (industry). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Arrangement | Noun: arrangement; plan; preparation; disposal, disposition; collocation, allocation; distribution; sorting; Verb: assortment, allotment, apportionment, taxis, taxonomy, syntaxis, graduation, organization; grouping; tabulation. |
Conduct | Tactics, game, game plan, policy, polity; generalship, statesmanship, seamanship; strategy, strategics; plan. |
Cunning | Verb: be cunning; Adjective: have cut one's eyeteeth; contrive; (plan); live by one's wits; maneuver; intrigue, gerrymander, finesse, double, temporize, stoop to conquer, reculer pour mieux sauter, circumvent, steal a march upon; overreach; throw off one's guard; surprise; snatch a verdict; waylay, undermine, introduce the thin end of the wedge; play a deep game, play tricks with; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces; flatter, make things pleasant; have an ax to grind. |
Art, artifice; device, machination; plot; (plan); maneuver, stratagem, dodge, sidestep, artful dodge, wile; trick, trickery; (deception); ruse, ruse de guerre; finesse, side blow, thin end of the wedge, shift, go by, subterfuge, evasion; white lie; (untruth); juggle, tour de force; tricks of the trade, tricks upon travelers; espieglerie; net, trap. | |
Information | Valet de place, cicerone, pilot, guide; guidebook, handbook; vade mecum; manual; map, plan, chart, gazetteer; itinerary; (journey). |
Journey | Plan, itinerary, guide; handbook, guidebook, road book; Baedeker, Bradshaw, Murray; map, road map, transportation guide, subway map. |
Plan | Verb: plan,scheme, design, frame, contrive, project, forecast, sketch; devise, invent; (imagine); set one's wits to work; spring a project; fall upon, hit upon; strike out, chalk out, cut out, lay out, map out; lay down a plan; shape out a course, mark out a course; predetermine; concert, preconcert, preestablish; prepare; hatch, hatch a plot concoct; take steps, take measures. |
Noun: plan, scheme, design, project; proposal, proposition, suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution; (provision); deep-laid plan; (premeditated); | |
Preparation | Verb: prepare; get ready, make ready; make preparations, settle preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation. set in order, put in order; (arrange); forecast; (plan) prepare the ground, plow the ground, dress the ground; till the soil, cultivate the soil; predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine; lay the groundwork, fix the groundwork, lay the basis, fix the basis, lay the foundations, fix the foundations; dig the foundations, erect the scaffolding; lay the first stone; (begin). |
Representation | Map, plan, chart, ground plan, projection, elevation (plan). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Plan |
| English words defined with "plan": 401-k plan ♦ American plan ♦ battle plan, Bermuda plan ♦ continental plan ♦ employee savings plan, European plan ♦ game plan, ground plan ♦ Half-breadth plan, hotel plan ♦ master plan, meal plan, modified American plan ♦ pension plan, plan of action, plan of attack ♦ retirement plan ♦ stock purchase plan. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "plan": administrative plan ♦ Babcock plan, bikeways master plan ♦ Capacity Assurance Plan, congestion management plan, Conservation plan, contingency plan, contour plan ♦ Defined benefit pension plan, Defined contribution plan, definite plan report, delayed plan position indicator, development plan, Dodge continuous sampling plan, double Babcock plan, dust plan ♦ electrical plan, Emergency Action Plan, Emerson plan ♦ Federal Implementation Plan, filed flight plan, firefighting plan, floor plan adjuster ♦ HR-10 plan ♦ implementational long-range plan, Integrated Resource Plan, isoresistivity plan ♦ Keogh plan ♦ Land use plan, local traffic access plan ♦ Merrick multiple piece rate plan ♦ National Scrapies Plan, non-contributory pension plan, north-upward plan position indicator ♦ off-center plan position indicator, open-center plan position indicator ♦ Performance Plan, PLAN CHECKER, Plan of Campaign, plan position indicator, Proposed Plan ♦ Recovery plan, regulatory plan, repetitive flight plan, Resource Management Plan ♦ Spill Prevention, Containment, and Countermeasures Plan, State Management Plan ♦ tactical plan, Taylor piecework plan, thrift savings plan, Thrifty Food Plan ♦ ventilation plan. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "plan": Plane. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Plan" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Afrikaan (design, diagram, intention, meaning, plan, plane, project, scheme), Albanian (blueprint, conception, delineation, design, device, dodge, draft, draught, idea, map, outline, plan, plane, plat, program, programme, project, Rede, schedule, scheme, survey, syllabus, target), Danish (design, diagram, plan, plane), Dutch (design, diagram, intention, level, meaning, plan, plane, project, scheme), French (blueprint, counsel, design, diagram, forecast, framework, game, groundwork, idea, lay out, map, outline, plan, plane, project, schedule, scheme, strategy), German (blueprint, concept, design, diagram, flat, idea, intention, level, map, meaning, plan, plane, plot, program, project, proposition, scenario, schedule, scheme, timetable, town plan), Manx (plan ), Norwegian (level), Occitan (flat), Polish (design, diagram, plan, plane), Romanian (contrivance, counsel, design, device, disposition, draft, even, idea, intention, level, map, meaning, outline, plain, plan, plane, program, programme, project, proposal, schedule, scheme, scheming, skeleton, syllabus, tabular), Serbo-Croatian (design, layout, map, plan, planning, schema), Spanish (arrangement, contrivance, deliberation, design, diagram, dispositions, layout, map, plan, scheme, setup), Swedish (area, blue print, blue-print, counsel, court, design, device, draft, even, flat, idea, layout, level, open space, pitch, plan, plane, planes, plat, plot, project, schedule, scheme), Turkish (arrangement, blue print, chart, conspectus, design, idea, intention, layout, map, plan, plot, program, programme, project, proposal, proposition, scheme, set up). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The plan, as it turned out, was as simple and as dumb as anything we'd ever done (Sleepers; writing credit: Barry Levinson) If they were to give me two more excavators, I'd be a year ahead of the plan by now. (Doctor Zhivago; writing credit: Boris Pasternak; Robert Bolt) Right, here's the plan. First, we go in there and get wrecked, then we eat a pork pie, then we drop some Surmontil-50's each (Withnail and I; writing credit: Bruce Robinson.) I love this plan. I'm excited to be a part of it (Ghostbusters; writing credit: Dan Aykroyd, Harold Ramis) I didn't know there was a plan. (The Firm; writing credit: David Rabe) | |
Lyrics | But tha plan is ta show ya that I understand (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) Reach for a star and I'll show you a plan (Lost In Love; performing artist: Air Supply) Though your Word contained the plan ("El Shaddai"; performing artist: Amy Grant) Little Miami Heat that's the plan we'll see (If I Could Go; performing artist: Angie Martinez) But I bet he must have had a plan (Born To Be My Baby; performing artist: Bon Jovi) | |
Clever | Plan to be spontaneous… tomorrow. (references; author: unknown) A goal without a plan is just a wish. (references; author: unknown) Nobody plans to fail, they just fail to plan. (references; author: unknown) Plan ahead: It wasn't raining when Noah built the ark! (references; author: unknown) A Purple Heart just proves that you were smart enough to think of a plan, stupid enough to try it, and lucky enough to survive. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | El Abuelo tiene un plan (1973) Tercer plan de desarrollo económico y social (1972) Vivienda 73 - La vivienda en el III plan de desarrollo (1972) Plan Jack cero tres (1967) Contribuye al desarrollo del Plan Nacional de Carreteras Caterpillar (1964) | |
Song Titles | Addicted (performing artist: SIMPLE PLAN) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Plan of the city of Boston, Massachusetts Surveyed by Assistant Henry L. Whiting, 1846-1847 Topographic Survey T-229 Topographic Survey T-475. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | John F. Hayford observing from 60' reconnaissance pole On 98th Meridian Survey Checking for intervisibility between stations Helping plan for necessary height of tower at station. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | AQUARIUS aquanauts discuss dive plan during coral feeding study. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |  | Ice diving in the Arctic requires special equipment and a smart dive plan. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
 | Figure 7 (continued.) Plan of the original model of the Isaacs-Kidd trawling net. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 8. Plan of the original model of the WP3 trawling net as recommended by working group Number 3 of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research in 1966. This net was meant to capture large plankton. It was afterwards tested by several laboratories and found to have many shortcomings such as inefficienci es in capturing fish larvae and in the opening of its mouth. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Artist's conception of NIMBUS meteorological satellite system. In: "Plan for a National Meteorological Satellite System", produced by the National Coordinating Committee for Aviation Meteorology, April 1961. Credit: NOAA in Space. |  | Arrangement of components on TIROS VII baseplate. In: "Plan for a National Meteorological Satellite System", produced by the National Coordinating Committee for Aviation Meteorology, April 1961. Credit: NOAA in Space. |
 | NRCS offers one-on-one help to landowners on their farms to plan for conserving their soils. Conservation plans are the basis for complete natural resource protection of a farm. Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | Wendell Jones, NRCS District Conservationist and landowner review conservation plan at the USDA Service Center in Iowa City, IA. [Slide 97CS3060]. Credit: Tim McCabe. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Cockroach Image 11" by Tinder . Commentary: "First of many I plan to upload, Enjoy!." | "Office" by Jon Sepúlveda Commentary: "Open plan office with only one guy doing all the work." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Low-flying propeller plan passing by; biplane flying by. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alvin R. Dyer | Never make an assignment if you don't plan to follow up. |
Author Unknown | Today's progress was yesterday's plan. |
Edmund Burke | You cannot plan the future by the past. |
Euripides | Do not plan for ventures before finishing what's at hand. |
James Russell Lowell | The surest plan to make a man is, think him so. |
Louis A. Allen | A plan is a trap laid to capture the future. |
Marcus T. Cicero | Before beginning, plan carefully. |
Pliny The Elder | The best plan is to profit by the folly of others. |
Publilius Syrus | It is a bad plan that admits of no modification. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | She was pleased with the eagerness to arrive which had made him alter his plan, and travel earlier, later, and quicker, that he might gain half a day. |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | The obvious plan was to try both ways |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | In this state of the case, the (r)procureur du roi devised a shrewd plan. |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | What they cover varies by plan and by study. (references) | |
If your health plan will cover your care there. (references) | ||
Your clinic has a dietitian to help you plan meals. (references) | ||
Business | The plan before the NESDB is a major step to reduce that wastage. (references) | |
A second plan of intervention will be prepared in the near future. (references) | ||
Private firms in the petrochemical sector also plan to expand production. (references) | ||
Children | Antigua and Barbuda | UNICEF helped support a study of the needs of children and families, and its recommendations are being used to develop a National Plan of Action on Child Survival, Development, and Protection. (references) |
South Africa | The law requires employers with more than 50 workers to create an affirmative action plan with provisions for achieving employment equity for persons with disabilities. (references) | |
India | A national rehabilitation plan commits the Government to putting a rehabilitation center in each of more than 400 districts, but services still are concentrated in urban areas. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Tajikistan | This action was similar to the governments plan in 2000 for "Operation Foreigner," in which numerous Afghan refugees in Dushanbe were detained by security forces and reportedly slated for relocation to refugee camps elsewhere. (references) |
Singapore | Male citizens who still have national service reserve obligations (normally until age 40 for enlisted men and age 50 for officers) must advise the Ministry of Defense if they plan to travel abroad for less than 6 months and must receive an exit permit for trips over 6 months. (references) | |
Jordan | The Minister of Information also announced a plan to create an independent regulatory commission. (references) | |
Economic History | Ireland | This is the first time that health services has been included in a national development plan. (references) |
Italy | E-government - An important e-government action plan, calling for an investment of $1.3 billion, has recently been approved by the Italian government within the framework of the European Union's E-Europe program. (references) | |
Israel | The plan must be completed within three years of the date of its approval, and at least 25 percent of the plan must be completed within one year. (references) | |
Human Rights | Nigeria | At year's end, the NHRC had created a strategic work plan through 2002 and inaugurated steering and coordinating committees for the national action plan to be deposited with the UNCHR. (references) |
Ecuador | Some human rights groups allege that the Mayor's anticrime Plan Mas Seguridad and the Intervention and Rescue Group (GIR) police or the semi-autonomous Guayas Transit Commission police (CTG) are involved in these killings; others assert that criminals were responsible. (references) | |
Costa Rica | Five additional facilities have been opened and three have been undergoing renovation since 1999 as part of this plan. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Canada | The plan provides for land, water rights, self-government, and an economic development plan that includes sharing revenues from subsurface developments. (references) |
Minorities | Israel and the occupied territories | The High Court determined that its ruling in the case would not affect previous land allocations and that differentiating between Jews and non-Jews in land allocation might be acceptable under unspecified "special circumstances." The municipality was instructed to develop and publish criteria for its decisions and a plan for implementation. (references) |
Romania | In April a national strategy for improving the condition of the Romani community was announced, with the support of the Prime Minister; a commission to implement the plan was established and held meetings during the year. (references) | |
Political Economy | TAIWAN | In view of the recent economic slump, the authorities, following the recommendation of the Economic Development Advisory Committee (EDAC), plan to revise the LSL and allow employers more flexibility. (references) |
IRELAND | The latest agreement, the Program for Prosperity and Fairness, took effect at the beginning of April 2000 and trades off continued wage/pay moderation by trade unions in return for substantial cuts in personal taxation; (c) The promotion of greater competition and liberalization in the economy, and reducing the number of state-owned industries, particularly in the provision of transport, energy and communications services; (d) The availability of a special ten percent rate of corporate taxation and generous grants to attract foreign investment, which rises to 12.5 percent from 2003 onwards; (e) a commitment to the single European market and to Irish participation in EMU; (f) High levels of investment in education and training (of all OECD countries, only the Japanese workforce has a higher proportion of trained engineers and scientists); and (g) Improvements in physical infrastructure (in all areas from roads to environmental systems to housing stock, details of which are contained in the National Development Plan 2000-2006). Structural investment between 2000-2006 is expected to total around 48 billion dollars. (references) | |
SAUDI ARABIA | KACST is currently implementing a three-year action plan to bring its regulation into compliance by 2002. The Patent Office lacks adequate resources to carry out is work effectively. (references) | |
Political Rights | Pakistan | Critics of the plan claimed that the Government hopes to use local elections to dissipate pressure for a return to democracy at the national level. (references) |
Kazakhstan | Participants agreed to a future work plan with the inclusion of the OSCE and all political parties registered in 1999 in a parallel government working group on electoral reform. (references) | |
Pakistan | The Musharraf Government had abandoned a plan to abolish the separate electorate system due to pressure by some Muslim political groups, but during the year prepared electoral reforms that included the elimination of the separate electorates system for religious minorities. (references) | |
Trade | New Zealand | New Zealand Customs allows importers a deferred payment plan whereby they can pay within 6-8 weeks of picking up the goods. (references) |
Lebanon | More than 20 funding sources are involved in CDR's reconstruction plan. (references) | |
Taiwan | The Science-Based Industrial Park Administration has proposed an overall development plan for the Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, the construction of which has been underway since July 1996 and is expect to be completed by the year 2010. (references) | |
Travel | Taiwan | For those who plan to stay in Taiwan on a long-term basis, a wide selection of apartments and houses is available. (references) |
Senegal | U.S. visitors who plan to stay in Dakar for some days may want to rent a car and driver. (references) | |
El Salvador | Breakfast meetings are common and begin about 7:30 a.m. Lunches and dinners can become lengthy affairs (2-3 hours), so do not plan too tight a schedule around them. (references) | |
Women | Liechtenstein | Every year in the spring, the Government adopts an action plan to promote equal opportunity for both women and men, and each fall the Government's Bureau for the Promotion of Equal Rights for Women and Men publishes a progress report. (references) |
Spain | The four principal areas outlined in the plan are preventive education; improvements in judicial regulations and practices to protect victims and increase the penalty for abusers; the extension of social services for abused women to all parts of the country; and increased coordination among the agencies and organizations involved in preventing domestic violence. (references) | |
Mali | Despite its initial 4-year mandate, the plan was not close to completion, and it was not extended officially by year's end. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Pakistan | The ILO works with the Government, employers, workers, and NGO's to pursue the Government's policy and plan of action for child labor. (references) |
Pakistan | Soccer ball manufacturers, importers, the ILO, and UNICEF have implemented a plan to eliminate child labor from the soccer ball industry. (references) | |
Moldova | In April NGO's active in antitrafficking issues asked the Government to form a government antitrafficking working group, as the previous Government had done; the Government formed such a group in October, which developed a national plan of action to combat trafficking and a timetable to accomplish its goals. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ERUDITION, n. Dust shaken out of a book into an empty skull. So wide his erudition's mighty span, He knew Creation's origin and plan And only came by accident to grief -- He thought, poor man, 'twas right to be a thief. Romach Pute |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Card | But it was a good plan. It was a balanced stimulus package, and he'd like to see Congress move forward with that plan. |
Art Linkletter | United Seniors Association has been working very carefully with this administration in four or five different things in which they have already made as part of their plan. |
Robert Novak | Crown Prince Abdullah, at his meeting with the president, presented a fairly detailed eight-point plan for peace between the Palestinians and Israel. |
Ross Perot | Well, it's basically to get everybody to come in and volunteer to help protect their community and to have a plan in case of an emergency of exactly what everybody does. |
Rush Limbaugh | The Bush plan alone offers genuine stimulus to put money in your pocket every year for the next ten years. |
Trent Lott | I am pleasantly surprised. I knew that our military men and women were very capable. I had confidence in the President and his advisers, and Secretary Rumsfeld to develop a plan, and his uniformed military personnel to develop a plan. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Besides this, such repeated changes take place, that all arrangement is set at nought, and the constant fluctuation of things, deranges every plan, as fast as adopted. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | After all, the nature of the subject does not admit of a plan wholly free from objection. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | Such exclusive, and inflexible plan, would surely become a new entanglement. |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | How the public debt is to be paid or specie payments resumed is not so important as that a plan should be adopted and acquiesced in. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | What we think, plan, say, and do is of profound significance to the future of every corner of the world. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Under the plan, I ordered first a substantial increase in the training and equipment of South Vietnamese forces. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | A national energy plan is in place and our dependence on foreign oil is decreasing. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Now, I realize that this four-part plan is easier to describe than it will be to enact. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Here, then, is my long-term plan to guarantee our future. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Every plan before Congress proposes to slow the growth of Medicare. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Plan" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 81.36% of the time. "Plan" is used about 12,767 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 81.36% | 10,387 | 899 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 10.92% | 1,395 | 5,745 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 7.35% | 938 | 7,718 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.33% | 42 | 52,864 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.05% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Total | 100.00% | 12,767 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "plan" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Plan | Last name | 100 | 79,744 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| USA | New Plan Excel Realty Trust, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "plan": according to plan ♦ administrative plan ♦ aerodrome master plan ♦ air navigation plan ♦ american plan ♦ annual wage plan ♦ application plan ♦ architectural plan ♦ |
