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Definition: Perverse |
PerverseAdjective1. Marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict; "took perverse satisfaction in foiling her plans". 2. Resistant to guidance or discipline; "Mary Mary quite contrary"; "an obstinate child with a violent temper"; "a perverse mood"; "wayward behavior". 3. Marked by immorality; deviating from what is considered right or proper or good; "depraved criminals"; "a perverted sense of loyalty"; "the reprobate conduct of a gambling aristocrat". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "perverse" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Perverse \Per*verse"\, adjective. [Latin expression perversus turned the wrong way, not right, past participle of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: compare to the French expression pervers. See Pervert.]. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Paraphilias are sexual desires or activities that lie outside the cultural norm, and under some conditions are considered mental disorders. The term was defined in its current use by the sexologist John Money.
Overview
Paraphilias are sometimes called sexual perversions or sexual deviations. Somewhat less judgmentally, and more colloquially, they are grouped together under the term "kinky sex." What is considered to be "perversion" or "deviation" varies from society to society. Some paraphilias have been and/or currently are crimes in some jurisdictions. Others are viewed as harmless eccentricities by many people.Some paraphilias are defined as potential mental disorders in the DSM-IV. These are:
Professional treatment is usually indicated only when such conditions lead to involvement of non-consenting sexual partners, or are clearly damaging to the physical or mental well-being of the paraphiliac.
- exhibitionism: deriving sexual pleasure from being watched
- fetishism: sexual attraction to particular objects
- frotteurism: deriving sexual pleasure from rubbing against other people
- masochism: deriving sexual pleasure from sexual submission
- pedophilia: sexual attraction to children
- sadism: deriving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain
- voyeurism: deriving sexual pleasure from watching others
Although homosexuality was once considered to be a paraphilia, it is not usually regarded as such any longer. Similarly, consensual sadomasochism, exhibitionism, voyeurism and non-psychotic forms of fetishism, urolagnia and even coprophilia are increasingly becoming culturally acceptable forms of sexuality. The fluidity and arbitrariness of such characterizations may be due to the fact that it is often very difficult to understand why some humans are predominantly aroused by certain stimuli that apparently leave the majority of the population unaffected.
Observation of paraphiliac behavior has provided valuable scientific information on the mechanisms of sexual attraction and desire, such as behavioral imprinting. Careful investigation has also led to the tentative conclusion that normal biological processes may sometimes be manifested in idiosyncratic ways in at least some of the paraphilias. For instance, for one to become sexually aroused on account of consuming human feces may appear bizarre, revolting, unnatural, inconceivable, and inexplicable to many. Consider, however, that in many animal species one or both parents will consume the feces of their infants in the process of keeping them clean. The taste for the feces of their infants must be "hard-wired" into them. They must experience it as a desirable, pleasant activity. And, most importantly, this devoted care of infants is closely associated with love -- which in turn is closely associated with erotic arousal.
All of these factors, care, love, and the sexual impulse, are thus thought to be hard-wired and also to be so closely related to each other in the neurophysiology of the individual that it may be impossible to strongly activate any one of them without causing some activation of the other two. This association is manifested in a much more commonly experienced way, in the tendency of lovers to treat each other as infants and to want to care for each other. "Baby, I want to do everything for you." Finding that seemingly unfathomable behavior actually has its roots in drives or motivations shared by most or all people makes the strange behavior much less threatening. It also makes it possible to begin thinking of ways in which learning disruptive patterns of sexual interaction may be avoided or at least minimized. (See John Money, The Lovemap Guidebook, chapter 7, and especially pp. 170 ff. Continuum, 1999)
Non-consensual and criminal paraphilias
The paraphilias listed below are either non-consensual or, if acted out, criminal in nature.
- biastophilia: sexual pleasure from committing rape
- lust murder: sexual arousal through committing murder
- necrozoophilia: sexual attraction to the corpses or killings of animals, or necrobestiality
- necrophilia: sexual attraction to corpses
- pedophilia: sexual attraction to pre-pubescents
- frotteurism: sexual arousal through rubbing one's self against a non-consenting stranger in public
- telephone scatologia: being sexually aroused by making obscene telephone calls
- zoophilia: sexual attraction to animals, or bestiality
Common paraphilias
The following paraphilias are sufficiently common in the general population to be frequently observed in clinical literature, as well as being able to support entire sub-genres of mainstream commercial pornography.
Note that non-consensual sadomasochistic acts may consititute assault, and therefore belong in the list above. Some jurisdictions criminalize sadomasochistic acts, regardless of consent.
- algolagnia: sexual pleasure from pain
- exhibitionism: sexual arousal through displaying genitals in public
- fetishism: sexual attraction to a physical object, with common examples being
- fur fetishism
- leather fetishism
- panty fetishism
- rubber fetishism
- shoe fetishism
- spandex fetishism
- sadomasochism: taking sexual pleasure in inflicting pain, or having pain inflicted upon one's self. (See also "bondage and discipline" and algolagnia)
- urolagnia: sexual attraction to urine
- voyeurism: sexual arousal through watching others having sex
Non-consensual exhibitionism in public places, where people who have not previously consented to watch are exposed to sexual display, is also an offence in most jurisdictions. (See indecent exposure).
Note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice.
Other paraphilias
The paraphlias listed below are less common.
There are also many other rare paraphlias.
- acrotomophilia: sexual attraction to amputees
- coprophilia: sexual attraction to feces
- dendrophilia: sexual arousal from trees
- emetophilia: sexual attraction to vomit
- ephebophilia: sexual attraction to adolescents
- gerontophilia: sexual attraction to the aged
- hematolagnia: sexual attraction to blood
- hybristophilia: sexual arousal by people who have committed crimes, in particular cruel or outrageous crimes
- klismaphilia: sexual pleasure from enemas
- maiesiophilia: sexual attraction to childbirth or pregnant women
- mysophilia: sexual attraction to foul or decaying material
- pictophilia: inability to become sexually aroused except through the use of pictorial pornography
- plushophilia: sexual attraction to stuffed toys
- infantilism: sexual pleasure from dressing, acting, or being treated as a baby
- scotophilia: sexual attraction to darkness
- sitophilia: sexual arousal from food
- xylophilia: sexual attraction to wood
The supposed paraphilia of autogynephilia, or sexual pleasure from perceiving oneself as a woman, has been proposed as a motivation for transgender behavior, but is generally regarded as theoretical in nature. It is not well accepted.
See also
- Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing for history
External links
- DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR list of paraphilias
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Paraphilia."
Synonyms: PerverseSynonyms: contrary (adj), depraved (adj), immoral (adj), obstinate (adj), perverted (adj), reprobate (adj), wayward (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Difficulty | Awkward, unwieldy, unmanageable; intractable, stubborn; (obstinate); perverse, refractory, plaguy, trying, thorny, rugged; knotted, knotty; invious; pathless, trackless; labyrinthine; (convoluted); intricate, complicated; (tangled); impracticable; (impossible); not feasible; desperate; (hopeless). |
Discourtesy | Taint, sour, crabbed, sharp, short, trenchant, sarcastic, biting, doggish, caustic, virulent, bitter, acrimonious, venomous, contumelious; snarling; Verb: surly, surly as a bear; perverse; grim, sullen; a; peevish; (irascible). |
Obstinacy | Willful, self-willed, perverse; resty, restive, restiff; pervicacious, wayward, refractory, unruly; heady, headstrong; entete; contumacious; crossgrained. |
Sullenness | Cross, crossgrained; perverse, wayward, humorsome; restiff, restive; cantankerous, intractable, exceptious, sinistrous, deaf to reason, unaccommodating, rusty, froward; cussed. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Perverse |
| English words defined with "perverse": Awk, Awkly ♦ Contentious jurisdiction, contrary, Crossgrained ♦ deflection ♦ Enfroward, exhibitionism ♦ immodesty ♦ obstinate, Overthwart ♦ Pig-headed ♦ Sinistrous, Stomachful ♦ Tetrical, The evil one, To harden the neck, Twistical ♦ Untowardly ♦ warp, wayward, Wronghead, wrongheaded. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "perverse": Huniades, Hunniades ♦ middle-endian ♦ rat dance. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "perverse": Twistical. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Perverse" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. German (pervert), Latin (askew, awry, bad, corrupt, destroy, evil, overthrow, perverse, ruin, subvert). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Last night was the most perverse, degrading experience of my life (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) I must admit, the idea of doing it in my sister's bed gives me a perverse thrill (Sex, Lies, and Videotape; writing credit: Steven Soderbergh) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Tendre et perverse Emanuelle (1973) Perverse et docile (1970) Fascist Fundamentalists and Kristian Kiddie Kooks Perverse Preachers (1991) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | Yet I am of opinion this defect arises chiefly from a perverse, restive disposition |
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead | Tom Stoppard | Stop being perverse. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Burma | As a result, a large secondary market in used cars and car parts has sprung up. The price for scarce import permits is reported to be about ten million kyat or about $25,000. As a result of these restrictions and perverse incentives, there has been a tendency to import only luxury vehicles, especially fully-loaded four-wheel drives such Pajeros and Land Cruisers. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Perverse" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.53% of the time. "Perverse" is used about 426 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 99.53% | 424 | 13,464 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.47% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 426 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "perverse". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Avim | N/A | Biblical | Wicked or perverse men |
| Avith | N/A | Biblical | Perverse |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expression using "perverse": perverse a. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
perverse | 134 |
perverse sex | 17 |
histoire perverse | 6 |
the imp of the perverse | 4 |
oral perverse sex spirit | 4 |
bizarre perverse | 4 |
perverse software | 3 |
oma perverse | 3 |
mature perverse | 3 |
perverse porn | 3 |
dreamscapes perverse | 3 |
laura perverse | 2 |
act perverse sex | 2 |
insertion perverse | 2 |
access memory perverse | 2 |
older perverse porn | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "perverse"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | ters (cranky, cross-grained, Froward, gruff, grumpy, impertinent, wayward), nopran (brusque, gruff, grumpy), i pashtruar (implacable, insubordinate, rebellious, restive, unlaid, unruly, unsubmissive, wild), i pandreqshëm (beyond retrieve, compulsive, fatal, hopeless, incorrigible, inveterate, irreclaimable, irredeemable, irremediable, irreparable, irretraceable, irretrievable, remediless, unimprovable), i pabindur (contumacious, disobedient, indocile, licentious, naughty, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unamenable, unpersuadable, wayward), i mbrapshtë (vicious), i lig (bad, basilisk, catty, despiteful, diabolic, diabolical, evil, evil-minded, felon, godless, iniquitous, malevolent, malicious, malign, malignant, mean, nasty, nefarious, sinister, spiteful, vicious, wicked), i keq (bad, bad tempered, baleful, blinking, bodeful, cancerous, catty, cheesy, crook, dark, defective, dubious, evil, heavy, ill, ill disposed, ill natured, ill-conditioned, lousy, low-grade, malign, malignant, nasty, naughty, poor, punk, shady, shoddy, sinister, ugly, vicious, vile, wicked), i gabuar (Amiss, erroneous, fallacious, false, faulty, ill-judged, improper, incorrect, mistaken, peccant, untrue, wet, wrong, wrongful), i çoroditur (addle-brained, addle-pated, anile, erratic, haywire). (various references) | |
Arabic | فاسد (abusive, bad, corrupt, decadent, decayed, decomposed, degenerated, depraved, disintegrated, evil, false, foul, immoral, incorrect, infected, invalid, null, pervertible, putrid, rogue, rotten, spoiled, unsound, vain, vicious, void, wicked, wrong), منحرف مائل (corrupted, deviating, inclined, oblique, tilted), منحرف شاذ (aberrant, deviate), منحرف (askew, aslant, awry, bent, deflector, depraved, devious, errant, inclined, oblique, skew, slant, slanted, slanting, tilted), سيء الطبع (disagreeable), عنيد (adamant, asinine, contrary, coriaceous, die hard, dogged, dour, fractious, hardheaded, headstrong, heady, implacable, incorrigible, inelastic, inexorable, inflexible, intractable, intransigent, inveterate, irreconcilable, mulish, nagging, obdurate, obstinate, opinionated, ornery, peevish, persevering, pertinacious, piggish, pigheaded, refractory, rigid, scabrous, scratchy, self willed, stiff, stiff necked, stout, stubborn, sullen, tenacious, thwart, uncompromising, unruly, unwilling, unyielding, wilful, willful, wrongheaded), أحمق (ass, barmy, berk, bonkers, brutish, childish, chuckle-head, chump, cuckoo, daft, empty, empty headed, fantastic, fat, fathead, fatuous, foolish, footless, goofy, goon, haywire, idiotic, impolitic, imprudent, indiscreet, inept, injudicious, insensate, jerk, lemon, mad, meaningless, nit, nitwit, nonsensical, numskull, ornery, oyster, pointless, prat, screwball, senseless, sod, stupid, unwise, vacant, wacky, weak, weak-minded, whacky, witless, wood-headed, zany). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | своенравен (capricious, crotchety, temperamental, vagarious, wayward, wilful, wrongheaded, wry), вироглав (headstrong, unmanageable), опърничав (contumacious, impracticable, shrewish, untoward, vixenish), опак (cantankerous, contrary, crabby, cranky, cross-grained, rambunctious, restive, reverse, wayward, wrong), превратен (inconstant), погрешен (awry, erroneous, false, faulty, illegitimate, improper, inaccurate, incorrect, mis-, misguided, mistaken, off beat, unsound, untrue, vicious, wonky, wrong, wrongful), перверзен (sick), извратен (crooked, depraved, distorted, kinky, perverted, sick). (various references) | |
Chinese | 愎 (obstinate), 悖 (rebellious, to rebel). (various references) | |
Czech | perverzní, zvrhlý (degenerate), zvrácený (upside down), zarytý (dyed in the wool, hard core, obdurate), úchylný (deviant). (various references) | |
Danish | pervers. (various references) | |
Dutch | verdorven (depraved), pervers. (various references) | |
Esperanto | perversa. (various references) | |
Faeroese | órættvorðin. (various references) | |
Farsi | فاسد (Corrupt, Dissolute, Gamy, Immoral, Putrid, Rake, Rancid, Reechy, Reprobate, Rotten, Sedition, Sinister, Untoward, Vicious, Vile, Villainous), منحرف (Aberrant, Amiss, Astray, Awry, Deviant, Devious, Hellbent, Lost, Oblique, Pervert, Skew), هرزه (Bawdy, Dissolute, Harlot, Immoral, Lascivious, Lewd, Libertine, Licentious, Loose, Profligate, Prurient, Rake, Rakish, Reprobate, Ribald, Salacious, Sordid), گمراه (Aberrant, Amiss, Astray, Devious, Heterodox), درخطا. (various references) | |
French | pervers (perverted), obstiné (persevering, persistent, pertinacious), mauvais, entêté (pertinacious). (various references) | |
German | pervers (gay, kinky, perversely, perverted, sick, warped), verkehrt (amiss, consorts, contrary, incorrect, inverse, inversely, inverted, opposite, perversely, topsy turvy, upside down, wrong, wrongly). (various references) | |
Greek | ανάποδοσ (back hand, untoward), διεστραμμένοσ (aberrant, bestial, crooked, cross-grained, distorted, pervert, perverted). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מושחת (corrupt, corruptible, debauchee, naughty, punk, rotten, sordid, vicious), מעוות (deformed, distorted, drawn, malformed), פתלתול (bent, crooked, curved, serpentine, twisted), סוט" (aberrant, deviant, divergent), פתל (crooked, twisted), עו" (crooked, distorted, twisted). (various references) | |
Hungarian | romlott (blown, corrupt, debauched, depraved, dissolute, rank, rotten, unsound), perverz (kinky, wrong-headed), megátalkodott (cussed, froward, handful, impenitent, peevish), elferdült (out of true, skewed, twisted), ellentmondó (conflicting, contradictious, contradictor, contradictory, inconsistent, inconsonant, thwarting), eltévelyedett (aberrant), fajtalan (lewd, libidinous, pervert, prurient), fonák (anomalous, awry, backhand stroke), fonák természetű, kifacsarodott, csökönyös (as stubborn as a mule, balky, bullet-headed, froward, hide-bound, indocile, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, ornery, pigheaded, restive, rusty, wayward, wrong-headed), konok (bullet-headed, froward, hard-headed, intractable, mulish, obdurate, refractory, self willed, self-willed, stiff, stubborn, sullen), züllött (debauched, depraved, dissipated, lecherous, lewd, libertine, perverted, raffish), meggyőzhetetlen, mindentől idegenkedő, rendellenes (abnormal, anomalous, atypical, displacement, irregular), természetellenes (it is against nature, preposterous, unnatural), visszás (anomalous, preposterous, thwarting), kificamodott (out of joint, sprained, wrenched). (various references) | |
Indonesian | suka menentang (argumentative). (various references) | |
Italian | perverso (cussed), errato (devious, false), cattivo (airy-fairy, bad, evil, foul, frolic, frolicsome, ill, ill natured, mad, malicious, miserable, nasty, naughty, petulant, poor, spiteful, unkind, vicious, wicked), avverso (abhorrent, adverse, averse, ill, opposed). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 佞姦 (treacherous, wicked), 佞奸 (treacherous, wicked). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ねいか" (treacherous, wicked). (various references) | |
Manx | roonagh (ill intentioned; runic, malicious, malignant, secret, stubborn, vicious, vindictive), noi'n troa (against the stream), noi-freihagh (controversial, petulant, reluctant, uncooperative, wilful), frowartagh (stubborn), frourtagh (freak, freakish, froward, perverse person), camlaagagh (crook, crook person, illicit, morally crooked, obstinate, tortuous), cam (bent, crooked, deceitful, deformed, intricate, knotty; cam, rakish angle, wry). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | erversepay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | perverso (cantankerous, damnable, devilish, diabolic, diabolical, evil, ill-conditioned, malicious, malignant, mischievous, nasty, naughty, nefarious, sinful, unjust, unnatural, unrighteous, vicious, vile, villainous, viperous, wicked), malvado (bad, black-hearted, candle-wick, evil, felon, felonious, flagitious, heavy, ill-conditioned, malicious, mean, mean-spirited, mischievous, nasty, nefarious, reprobate, scoundrelly, vicious, villain, wicked, wrong). (various references) | |
Romanian | potrivnic (antagonist, averse, hostile, loath), pervertit (corrupt, perverted, sophisticated, vicious), ticãlos (a bad egg, base, cad, canting, cur, dark, dirty, felon, foul, heel, hound, impious, kite, knave, knavish, knavishly, low-minded, mean, meanly, miscreant, paltry, picaroon, rapscallion, rascal, rascally, recreant, reprobate, ruffian, scab, scabby, scamp, scoundrel, scurvy, serpentine, shabby, skunk, sneak, sneaking, vile, villain, villainous, wretch, wretched), stricat (addle, bad, broken, broken down, carrion, close, corrupt, corrupted, dead, decayed, defaced, depraved, deteriorated, dilapidated, disabled, diseased, dissolute, foul, fusty, graceless, immoral, injured, loose, meretricious, niffy, out of order, polluted, rakehelly, rotten, spoilt, stuffy, tainted, vicious, vitiated), rãu (Amiss, atrocious, awkward, awry, bad, bad for, bad-hearted, badly, baleful, black, bum, corrupt, depraved, evil, flagitious, foul, haggish, harm, ill, immoral, lousy, malefic, maleficent, malicious, malign, mischief, mischievous, miserable, naughty, rough, scoundrel, sickness, thin, unspeakable, useless, venomous, vicious, vile, wicked, wretched, wrong), nedrept (foully, iniquitous, injurious, inofficious, undue, unfair, unjust, unlawful, wicked, wrong, wrongful), mofturos (dainty, demure, fastidious, finical, finicking, fractious, Froward, humoursome, naughty, nice, particular, peevish, picky, qualmish, squeamish), greşit (abroad, Amiss, astray, awry, bad, badly, erroneous, erroneously, fallacious, false, faultily, faulty, incorrect, misled, mistaken, out of square, spurious, unfair, unjust, unlawful, vicious, wrong, wrongheaded), capricios (arbitrary, capricious, cranky, crotchety, difficult, fanciful, fancy, fantastic, fantastical, fickle, fitful, fractious, freakish, frolic, Froward, humoursome, peevish, vagarious, wanton, wayward, whimsical, whimsy), îndãrãtnic (cussed, indomitable, obdurate, obstinate, pig-headed, restive, self willed, stubborn, stubbornly, wilful), încãpãţânat (awkward, contumacious, die hard, dogged, dour, hard, headstrong, inveterate, mule, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, opinionated, opinioned, pertinacious, pig-headed, refractory, royalist, self willed, stolid, stubborn, tough, unwilling, wilful). (various references) | |
Russian | порочный (evil, unholy, vicious). (various references) | |
Scottish | tiachair, reasgach (irascible, restive, stubborn), crosda (fretful, ill-natured, peevish), coirbte (wicked). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | perverzan (perverted), zadrt (obsessed, possessed, stubborn), razvratan (abandoned, cypriote, debauched, lecherous, lewd, libidinous, obscene, wild), izopačen (corrupted, deviant, garbled, perverted, reprobate). (various references) | |
Spanish | perverso (abandoned, debauched, evil, perverted, unnatural, vicious, wicked). (various references) | |
Swedish | vresig (crabbed, cross, cross-grained, crotchety, crusty, disagreeable, grouchy, gruff, grumpy, ill-humored, ill-humoured, morose, peevish, ratty, sulky, vinegary). (various references) | |
Turkish | ters (acrimonious, adverse, agley, Amiss, awkward, awry, backward, backwards, bad tempered, bloody minded, churlish, contradictory, contrary, converse, counter, crabbed, cranky, curt, cussed, dour, face down, fractious, fretful, Froward, frowning, grumpy, ill natured, illegitimate, indecorous, inimical, inverse, inversely, inverted, mis-, negative, off, opposing, opposite, retro-, reverse, snuffy, sub-, unfavorable, unfavourable, upside down, versed, wayward, wrong, wrongly), sapık (aberrant, Dotty, pervert, perverted, unnatural, wacky), kötü huylu (bad tempered, cankered, ill bred, ill disposed, ill natured, ill tempered, ill-affected, ill-humored, ill-humoured, of bad character, wicked), inatçı (balky, bullet-head, bull-headed, cantankerous, contrary, contumacious, cussed, die hard, difficult, dogged, dour, fractious, hard bitten, hard-headed, hard-mouthed, hard-nosed, headstrong, heady, indocile, inflexible, insistent, intractable, mule, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, obstinate person, opinionated, persistent, pertinacious, pigheaded, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, self willed, self-opinionated, set, spiky, stern, sticker, stickler, sticky, stiff necked, strongheaded, strong-willed, stubborn, tenacious, unbending, uncompromising, unyielding, wilful, willful, wrongheaded), huysuz (acrimonious, as cross as two sticks, bad tempered, bilious, cantankerous, churlish, crabbed, crabby, crank, cranky, cross-grained, crosspatch, crotchety, crusty, cursed, difficult, disagreeable, disgruntled, doggish, farouche, fractious, fretful, gnarled, grouchy, gruff, grumbling, grumpy, ill natured, ill tempered, ill-humored, ill-humoured, liverish, mean, Moody, out of humour, out of sorts, peeved, peevish, peppery, pettish, petulant, prickly, quarrelsome, querulous, ratty, rusty, shirty, snappish, spleenful, spleenish, splenetic, stroppy, sulky, surly, tetchy, thrawn, ugly, untoward, vicious, vixenish, waspish, wildcat, wrongheaded), bozuk (addle, bad, broken, broken down, bum, damaged, dead, deranged, dirty, disappointed, dished, disordered, distorted, doric, embroiled, faulty, flyblown, foul, gone, hard set, haywire, heavy, hipshot, imperfect, in bad order, irregular, kaput, knackered, off, on the fritz, out of action, out of commission, out of gear, out of order, putrefacient, putrefactive, putrid, rancid, rotten, stale, touched, unsound, upset, vicious, wrong), aksi (adverse, awkward, bad tempered, bilious, bloody minded, cantankerous, contra, contra-, contrary, counter, crabbed, crabby, cross, cross-grained, crosspatch, crotchety, doggish, dour, evil, fractious, fretful, Froward, gruff, ill natured, ill tempered, ill-humored, ill-humoured, inverse, negatory, opposite, peevish, petulant, recalcitrant, refractory, reverse, shirty, snappish, snuffy, spleenful, spleenish, stroppy, stubborn, sullen, surly, tart, testy, unfavorable, unfavourable, unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky, untoward, wrongheaded). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | упертий (asinine, bullheaded, churlish, cobby, contumacious, cross-grained, difficile, disobedient, dogged, hard-nosed, headstrong, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, opinionated, opinioned, patient, persistent, pertinacious, piggish, pigheaded, rebellious, reluctant, restive, rowdy, self-opinionated, set, stiff necked, strong-willed, stubborn, wilful, willful), вередливий (fastidious, naughty, queasy, squeamish), порочний (cammed, dark, depraved, gallows, naughty, rampant, vicious, wicked). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | oan; ngược lại lời chứng, ngang ngạnh (defiant), khư khư giữ lấy sai lầm, khó tính (cantankerous, difficile, finical, finicking, finicky, finikin, miminy-piminy, nicely, select, unaccommodating), hư thân mất nết, đ"i truỵ cáu kỉnh. (various references) | |
Welsh | pen.gam (wrong-headed), trofaus, traws (cross, froward), gwyrdraws, atgas (dispicable, hateful, odious), afrywiog (cross-grained, harsh, improper, rising). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | improbus, perversa, perversae, perversarum, perverse, perversi, perverso, perversorum, perversus, prava, pravae, pravam, pravis, pravo, pravorum, pravum, pravus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 4, Verse 24 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Periele seautou skolion stoma kai adika ceilh makran apo sou apwsai |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Remove a te os pravum et detrahentia labia sint procul a te |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Remoue from thee a shreude mouth; and bacbitende lippis be thei ferr fro thee. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Put away from thee a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far from thee. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Put away from thee a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far from thee. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Put away from you an evil tongue, and let false lips be far from you. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 4, Verse 24 |
| Cebuano | Isalikway gikan kanimo ang usa ka masinalaagon nga baba, Ug ipahilayo gikan kanimo ang mga ngabil nga masukihon. |
| Croatian | Drži daleko od sebe lažna usta i udalji od sebe usne prijevarne. |
| Danish | Hold dig fra Svig med din Mund, lad Læbernes Falskhed være dig fjern. |
| Dutch | Doe de verkeerdheid des monds van u weg, en doe de verdraaidheid der lippen verre van u. |
| Finnish | Poista itsestäsi suun kavaluus, ja karkoita luotasi huulten vääryys. |
| French | Écarte de ta bouche la fausseté, Éloigne de tes lèvres les détours. |
| German | Tue von dir den verkehrten Mund und laß das Lästermaul ferne von dir sein. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Janganlah sekali-kali mengucapkan sesuatu yang tidak benar. Jauhkanlah ucapan-ucapan dusta dan kata-kata yang dimaksud untuk menyesatkan orang. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Buangkanlah dari padamu cupar mulut, dan jauhkanlah dari padamu segala dolak-dalik bibir. |
| Italian | Tieni lungi da te la bocca perversa e allontana da te le labbra fallaci. |
| Maori | Whakarerea te mangai whanoke, kia matara rawa i a koe nga ngutu tutu. |
| Norwegian | Hold dig fra svikefulle ord, og la falske leber være langt fra dig! |
| Portuguese | Desvia de ti a malignidade da boca, e alonga de ti a perversidade dos lábios. |
| Rumanian | Izgonewte neadevqrul din gura ta; wi depqrteazq viclenia de pe buzele tale! |
| Russian | пФЧЕТЗОЙ ПФ УЕ'С МЦЙЧПУФШ ХУФ, Й МХЛБЧУФЧП СЪЩЛБ Х"БМЙ ПФ УЕ'С. |
| Spanish | Aparta de ti la perversidad de la boca, y aleja de ti la falsedad de los labios. |
| Swedish | Skaffa bort ifrån dig munnens vrånghet, och låt läpparnas falskhet vara fjärran ifrån dig. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "perverse": perversely, perverseness, perversenesses. (additional references) | |
| |
"Perverse" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Pavaresh, peevers, pereires, Perver, pervers, perversest, Pervyse, peversed, preverse, prevorsek. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "perverse" (pronounced perver"s) |
| 3 | -v er" s | adverse, averse, diverse, inverse, obverse, reverse, transverse, verse. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: preserve. | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-e-p-r-r-s-v" | |
-1 letter: reserve, reveres, reverse, severer. | |
-2 letters: peeves, reeves, revere, revers, server, severe, verser, vesper. | |
-3 letters: epees, peers, peeve, perse, prees, prese, reeve, resee, serer, serve, sever, speer, spree, veeps, veers, verse. | |
-4 letters: epee, errs, ever, eves, peer, pees, pree, rees, reps, revs, seep, seer, sere, veep, veer, vees. | |
-5 letters: ere, err, ers, eve, pee, per, pes. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-e-p-r-r-s-v" | |
+1 letter: persevere, preserved, preserver, preserves, reprieves. | |
+2 letters: perceivers, persevered, perseveres, perversely, perversive, perverters, preservers, preservice, preventers, previewers, repressive. | |
+3 letters: overprecise, overspender, perseverate, persevering, preservable. | |
+4 letters: cryopreserve, eavesdropper, irrespective, overexposure, overoperates, overpersuade, overpressure, overspenders, perseverance, perseverated, perseverates, perverseness, perversities, preservative, receivership, redevelopers, repercussive, reprehensive, repressively. | |
+5 letters: cryopreserved, cryopreserves, eavesdroppers, herpesviruses, overexposures, overimpressed, overimpresses, overpersuaded, overpersuades, overprescribe, overpressures, overprocessed, overprocesses, overresponded, peradventures, perseverances, perseverating, perseveration, perseveringly, pervertedness, predeliveries, preinterviews, preservatives, receiverships, retrospective, superachiever. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Fiction 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Names: Derived from 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Bible Trace 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
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