Personal

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Personal

Definition: Personal

Personal

Adjective

1. Concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality; "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"; "personal papers"; "I have something personal to tell you"; "a personal God"; "he has his personal bank account and she has hers".

2. Particular to a given individual.

3. Of or arising from personality; "personal magnetism".

4. Intimately concerning a person's body or physical being; "personal hygiene".

5. Indicating grammatical person; "personal verb endings".

Noun

1. A short newspaper article about a particular person or group.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "personal" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references)

Etymology: Personal \Per"son*al\, adjective. [Latin personalis: compare to French personnel.]. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Personal

DomainDefinition

Public Administration

Mention figurant sur une enveloppe. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Personal

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
PECEnglishPersonal equipment connectorPost & Telecom, Transportation

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Antonym: impersonal (adj). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Personal

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Description

Narrative, history; memoir, memorials; annals; (chronicle); saga; tradition, legend, story, tale, historiette; personal narrative, journal, life, adventures, fortunes, experiences, confessions; anecdote, ana, trait.

Immateriality

Personal, subjective, nonobjective.

Mankind

Adjective: human, mortal, personal, individual, national, civic, public, social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid.

Property

Personal property, personal estate, personal effects; personalty, chattels, goods, effects, movables; stock, stock in trade; things, traps, rattletraps, paraphernalia; equipage.

Security

Promissory note; bill, bill of exchange; I.O.U.; personal security, covenant, specialty; parole; (promise).

Speciality

Adjective: special, particular, individual, specific, proper, personal, original, private, respective, definite, determinate, especial, certain, esoteric, endemic, partial, party, peculiar, appropriate, several, characteristic, diagnostic, exclusive; singular; (exceptional); idiomatic; idiotypical; typical.

Substantiality

Adjective: substantive, substantial; hypostatic; personal, bodily, tangible; (material); corporeal.

Superiority

Noun: superiority, majority; greatness; advantage; pull; preponderance, preponderation; vantage ground, prevalence, partiality; personal superiority; nobility; (rank); Triton among the minnows, primus inter pares, nulli secundus, captain; crackajack.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Personal

English words defined with "personal": Personal action, personal appeal, personal business, personal chattel, personal check, personal cheque, personal effects, personal expense, personal letter, personal loan, personal magnetism, Personal rightsThings personal. (references)
Specialty definitions using "personal": Hand-held Personal ComputerMultimedia Personal Computerobtaining personal data without authorisation, ore personal propertypersonal access to communications systems, personal adjustment training, personal agent, PERSONAL ATTENDANT, personal care home, Personal Communication Network, Personal Communication Services, personal communications services, Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, personal data, Personal Digital Assistant, personal dose, personal equipment connector, personal file, personal information, personal manager, PERSONAL PROPERTY ASSESSOR, personal register, personal sequential inference machine, personal services, personal time, photoluminescent personal dosemeter, photoluminescent personal exposure meteruniversal personal telecommunications. (references)
Etymologies containing "personal": Unipersonal. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Personal" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (esoteric, individual, interior, nominal, nominative, one-man, personal, personalized, private, several), German (characters, personnel, servants, staff, staffing), Papiamen (personal), Romanian (by oneself, individual, individually, original, own, particular, peculiarly, personal, personally, personnel, private, staff), Serbo-Croatian (personnel, staff), Spanish (crew, force, identity, individual, intimate, particular, personal, personnel, private, staff, workforce), Swedish (employess, personnel, staff).

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Modern Usage: Personal

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Personal Injury (Tomorrow Never Dies; writing credit: Bruce Feirstein)

This isn't personal, Kay. This is business (The Godfather; writing credit: Francis Ford Coppola, Mario Puzo)

And to prove it, I have not gotten personal, and you have (As Good As It Gets; writing credit: Mark Andrus)

Miss Truvy, I promise that my personal tragedy will not interfere with my ability to do good hair (Steel Magnolias; writing credit: Robert Harling)

Don't take it personal. He never touched me and I'm closer to him than anyone in the world, known him for nine years (Rain Man; writing credit: Ronald Bass)

Lyrics

I'm not your personal whore, that's not what I'm here for (U.N.I.T.Y.; performing artist: Queen Latifah)

I'm you personal pro, you know (Been It; performing artist: The Cardigans; writing credit: Persson, Svensson)

Clever

You are an engineer if you don't even know where the cover to your personal computer is. (references; author: unknown)

You work for a defense contractor if you write your personal letters in vu-graph format. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Marked Personal (1973)

A Personal History of the Australian Surf (1971)

Personal and Confidential (1965)

Don't Get Personal (1942)

Personal Hygiene (1941)

Song Titles

Don't Take It Personal (Just One Of Dem Days) (performing artist: Monica)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Personal

DomainTitle

References

  • Personal Diagnostics, Incorporated: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Personal Security Equipment in Argentina: A Strategic Entry Report, 1997 (reference)

  • Personal Computers in United Arab Emirates: A Strategic Entry Report, 1997 (reference)

  • Portable and Personal Digital Assistants in Mexico: A Strategic Entry Report, 1998 (reference)

  • Personal Safety and Security Equipment in Mexico: A Strategic Entry Report, 1995 (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Closeness in Personal and Professional Relationships (reference)

  • My Path to Easter: A Catechumen's Personal Journal for Initiation (reference)

  • Rethinking Psychiatry: From Cultural Category to Personal Experience (reference)

  • The Caterpillar Doesn't Know: How Personal Change Is Creating Organizational Change (reference)

  • Ruins of Desert Cathay: Personal Narrative of Explorations in Central Asia, China (Two-Volume Set) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

  • Sunbeam SBCL888 Personal Grooming Trimmer (reference)

  • AlcAlert BT5500 Personal Alcohol Detector (reference)

  • PNI Inc. BT3300 Digital Personal Alcohol Detector (reference)

  • PNI Inc. BT3500 Digital Personal Alcohol Detector with Backlight (reference)

  • Black & Decker DCM18S Brew 'n Go Personal Coffeemaker with Travel Mug (reference)

    (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Personal

Photos:
Personal

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Personal

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Personal

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Personal

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Pictured are rows of artificially sweetened sodas on a grocery shelf with a "saccharin warning label" in front of them. The legal banning of artificially sweetened products was prevented by consumer pressure. FDA warning labels are on such products and the consumer must make a personal decision about using these products containing saccharin. In 1997 the FDA was considering taking saccharin off the list of possible carcinogens. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).

In remote areas with little human habitation, the most appropriate action may be to post signs on the roads entering the epizootic area to warn people, and provide information on personal protection and plague prevention. Credit: CDC.

A dome for talking to the surface and other divers. It is called a personal talk station or PTS. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP).

Left to right: Dr. Louet, medical doctor to the Prince; H. Bouree; J. Richard; L . Tinayre; M. Malglaive; A. Ranc; and A. Fuhrmeister, personal secretary to the Prince. Plate IV, print 4. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Companions on the voyage to Spitzberg. From bottom to top: J. Richard; F. Baraduc, the medical doctor; H. Neuville, a naturalist; A. Fuhrmeister, personal secretary to the Prince; Lovatelli, an artist and painter; W. S. Bruce, polar explorer. Plate VIII, print 1. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Senior Airman John Hill, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colo., performs a quick, personal damage assessment during the low crawl obstacle of the Fitness Challenge during Defender Challenge 2000 here Oct. 30. Defender Challenge is the annual Air Force-wide compet.

Kristy York, NRCS Soil Conservationist in Audubon County, Iowa, uses a Global Positioning System (GPS) and a personal digital assistant (PDA) to record natural resource data in the field for the National Resources Inventory. Credit: Lynn Betts.

NRCS Hydrologist Laurel Foreman uses a Global Positioning System (GPS) and personal digital assistant (PDA) to record status of a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) filter strip planting in Cass County, Iowa. Credit: Lynn Betts.

NRCS Engineer Jeffrey Godwin uses a Global Positioning System (GPS) and a personal digital assistant (PDA) to record status of an in-stream conservation structure built with emergency conservation program funds in Cass County, Iowa. Credit: Lynn Betts.

Scientific test by FSIS personal. Credit: USDA.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Personal
 

"Up Close & Personal 2" by Lynn Cummings
Commentary: "Many of you have asked to know the identity of my model in the Retro Man series. He's my son, user: Omek. Please, as a courtesy, would you let me know if you use this image? Thank you."
"Greeny" by Keith M.
Commentary: "My eye up close and personal."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Personal".

PlayCaption
Hair dryer; blow dryer; personal appliance; blower; hot air.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Personal

AuthorQuotation

Alexander Smith

Every man's road in life is marked by the grave of his personal likings.

Amos Bronson Alcott

A true teacher defends his students against his own personal influences.

Aristotle

Personal beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of reference.

Author Unknown

Private bravery is often the price of personal victory.

Edward Gibbon

Personal interest is often the standard of our belief, as well as of our practice.

Gay

The luxury of doing good surpasses every other personal enjoyment.

Norman O. Brown

I am what is mine. Personality is the original personal property.

Remy De Gourmont

The whole effort of a sincere man is to erect his personal impressions into laws.

Walt Whitman

Nothing endures but personal qualities.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Personal

AuthorDateQuotation

Communist Manifesto

1848

It has resolved personal worth into exchange value. (reference)

Treaty of Versailles

1919

Compensation may be claimed from Germany under Article 232 above in respect of the total damage under the following categories: (l) Damage to injured persons and to surviving dependents by personal injury to or death of civilians caused by acts of war, including bombardments or other attacks on land, on sea, or from the air, and all the direct consequences thereof, and of all operations of war by the two groups of belligerents wherever arising. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Personal

TitleAuthorQuote

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

Douglas Adams

quite possibly), manic self-publicist, terribly bad at personal relationships, often thought to be completely out to lunch

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

The treaties of 1815 regarded him as a personal offence

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

But you will tell me about the new personal experience and new terminology some other day.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Personal

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Your peak flow zones are based on your personal best peak flow number. (references)

How much information to seek and how to deal with it are personal matters. (references)

Green Zone (80 to 100 percent of your personal best) signals good control. (references)

Business

In Pakistan, business is carried on personal contacts. (references)

Another healthcare provider in Beijing offers personal evacuations. (references)

Saudi businessmen prefer to conduct their business on a very personal level. (references)

Civil Liberties

Guatemala

A Government-sponsored Freedom of Information Law which would establish an ombudsman's office to defend the right to freedom of information, including the ability to petition the Government for personal records and other information, languished in the FRG-dominated Congress at year's end. (references)

Korea

Only members of a very small elite have vehicles for personal use. (references)

Croatia

Ethnic Serbs requiring personal documentation to return or regularize their status continued to experience delays and contradictory requests from local officials. (references)

Economic History

Kuwait

Kuwait levies no personal income tax. (references)

Netherlands

Promotion is carried out by catalog or by newspaper advertisements with no personal contact. (references)

Hong Kong

Initial sales require more face-to-face contact as Asians generally place a premium on developing personal connections. (references)

Human Rights

Chad

These groups reportedly were not allowed access to military prisons, and their access to civilian prisons depended greatly on the personal inclinations of judges and prison administrators. (references)

Moldova

If charged a suspect may be released on personal recognizance pending trial. (references)

Mauritania

The approval and publication in June of the new Personal Status code created a written framework to regularize the prevailing Shari'a-based family law, which without defining legislation had been applied unfairly. (references)

Minorities

Canada

Despite personal meetings and other overtures by Quebec's Premier to aboriginals and the English-speaking community, both groups remain distrustful of the separatist government of Quebec. (references)

Burma

Ethnic minority areas that were remote from active insurgent operations, such as the large Karen areas of Irrawaddy Division, experienced tighter controls on personal movement, including more frequent military checkpoints, closer monitoring by military intelligence, and larger military garrisons, and hence more informal taxes, than comparable Burman areas. (references)

Kuwait

While some discrimination based on religion reportedly occurs on a personal level, most observers agree that it is not widespread. (references)

Political Economy

Cote D'ivoire

As is generally true in the region, the business environment is one in which personal contact and connections remain important and where the rule of law does not always prevail. (references)

THE BAHAMAS

Capital and profits are freely repatriated, and the Bahamian government does not tax personal and corporate income. (references)

JAPAN

The maximum marginal rate for personal income taxes was also reduced from 65 percent to 50 percent. (references)

Political Rights

Turkmenistan

In 1999 the Government changed the national oath to require that citizens swear personal allegiance to President Niyazov in particular, rather than just to the presidency as a general institution. (references)

Senegal

Access to personal identification cards was an important issue in the election, since they are necessary to vote. (references)

Haiti

It is common for political appointees to use their positions for personal enrichment. (references)

Trade

Spain

Checks (cheque): While bank checks offer security in transactions, (since the bank issuing the check needs the guarantee of the transfer to issue it), personal checks do not offer enough guarantees against commercial risk as the bank does not guarantee the funds in the account of the person issuing the check. (references)

Nigeria

Previously, imports valued less than USD 1,000 and imports classified as personal effects were exempt from pre-shipment inspections. (references)

Nigeria

The guidelines stipulate that all imports regardless of value, whether containerized or not, including accompanied personal effects, shall be subject to pre-shipment inspection. (references)

Travel

Brazil

Compared to the United States, the pace of negotiation is slower and is based much more on personal contact. (references)

Canada

US business travelers to Canada should be sensitive to cultural and language differences and allow adequate time for the development of personal contacts in business dealings. (references)

Costa Rica

Costa Rican business executives place great importance on personal contact with foreign suppliers. (references)

Women

Egypt

In January 2000, the Parliament passed a new Personal Status Law that made it easier for a Muslim woman to obtain a divorce without her husband's consent, provided that she is willing to forego alimony and the return of her dowry. (references)

Tunisia

The 1956 Personal Status Code outlawed polygamy. (references)

Israel and the occupied territories

Women occupied 39 percent of director slots, up from 28.8 percent in 1997. The adjudication of personal status law in the areas of marriage and divorce is left to religious courts, in which Jewish and Muslim women are subject to restrictive interpretations of their rights. (references)

Worker Rights

Qatar

It is not observed with respect to unskilled laborers and domestic and personal employees, all of whom, with scant exception, are foreigners. (references)

Philippines

Regional wage board orders cover all private sector workers except domestic servants and other persons employed in the personal service of another person. (references)

Russia

A flat 13 percent personal income tax, which became effective January 1, appeared to reduce incentives of enterprises not to report actual wages; tax collection increased in nominal terms by 36 percent during the first 11 months of the year. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

PROJECTILE, n. The final arbiter in international disputes. Formerly these disputes were settled by physical contact of the disputants, with such simple arguments as the rudimentary logic of the times could supply -- the sword, the spear, and so forth. With the growth of prudence in military affairs the projectile came more and more into favor, and is now held in high esteem by the most courageous. Its capital defect is that it requires personal attendance at the point of propulsion.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Personal

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Dennis Miller

My personal assistant screwed up.

House Minority Whip David Bonior

That's not personal. It's taking on the Republican Party and their policies. And, you know, Bush and Cheney are oil folks and, I mean, I think that's a fair thing to go after.

John Hartmann

Very close. I talked to him once or twice or three times a week. I'm a professional agent and personal manager and throughout my career and I helped him make his choices on who was going to be his helpers in his career and what to do and what not to do.

Jon Stewart

Sir, absolutely, and it is my personal mission to find a satisfactory replacement, a performer of character, a performer of honor.

Karl Lagerfeld

Then I don't have to make an effort because I see my personal taste based on silent movies, German expressionism, and a little tougher, harsher thing.

Naomi Campbell

I mean, you know, I've received some stuff from Jennifer Lopez, from her line, and I just like casual things you know. That's what I like to wear on my time off, on my own personal time.

Rush Limbaugh

The whole modus operandi of the Democratic Party is the politics of personal destruction.

Senator Patrick Leahy

I'd hold a hearing. We'd have a completely fair hearing. Justice Scalia is a longtime personal friend. We'd have that hearing, and I'd determine after the hearing.

Tom Ridge

Well, I hope I get a chance to come out here. I have had the opportunity to deal and talk to some of the folks involved in the planning. And if my schedule permits and I get a little personal time, maybe I'll get a chance to see out here.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Personal

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837To ascertain in all cases whether the original claimant is living and this by actual personal inspection.

Franklin Pierce

1853-1857Higher objects than personal aggrandizement gave direction and energy to their exertions in the late canvass, and they shall not be disappointed.

Abraham Lincoln

1861-1865Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the accession of a Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered.

Harry S. Truman

1945-1953Labor's interest is very direct and personal because working conditions, wages, and prices affect the very life and happiness of the worker and his family.

Lyndon B. Johnson

1963-1969A President does not shape a new and personal vision of America.

Richard Nixon

1969-1974There are powerful personal reasons I want to end this war.

Jimmy Carter

1977-1981Bit by bit we are chopping down the thicket of unnecessary Federal regulations by which Government too often interferes in our personal lives and our personal business.

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery and personal indignity.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001That's what one of my personal heroes, Hank Aaron, has done all his life.

George W. Bush

2001-2005America, at its best, is a place where personal responsibility is valued and expected.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Personal

"Personal" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Personal" is used about 17,603 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)100%17,603530

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Personal

CountryNameCountryName
United Kingdom

Personal Group Holdings P.L.C.

USA

Personal Diagnostics, Incorporated

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Personal

Expressions using "personal": add a personal touch Agartha Personal Life Balancing Program become personal emergency notification and personal security keep a personal record of smth. Kofutu Personal Energy Matrix Healing lack of personal responsibility make a personal call multimedia Personal Computer obtaining personal data without authorisation personal access to communications systems personal account personal action personal adjustment training personal affairs personal allowance personal appeal personal assets personal assistant personal belongings personal business personal call personal care personal care home personal characteristics personal charm personal chattel personal check personal cheque personal code number personal column personal Communication Network personal communication services personal communication system personal communications service personal communications services personal computer personal Computer Memory Card International Association personal computer/cluster analysis and regression program personal computers Personal Construct Theory personal consumption personal contact personal conviction personal credit line personal data personal delivery personal description personal details personal Digital Assistant personal digital assistants personal dose personal effects personal equation personal equipment personal equipment connector personal estate personal expense personal favor personal file personal foul personal friend personal guarantee Personal Health Services personal hygiene personal idea personal Identification Number personal identity personal income personal information personal injury personal interest personal judgement personal judgment personal letter personal liability insurance personal liberty personal life personal line of credit personal loan personal luggage personal luxury personal magnetism personal manner personal matter personal memory personal name Personal Narratives [Publication Type] personal needs personal opinion personal organizer personal persuasion personal position personal pronoum personal pronoun personal property personal question personal register personal reintegration budget personal relation personal relationship. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "personal": personal-computer, personal-equity, personal-impersonal, personal-income, personal-income-tax, personal-injury, personal-interest, personal-investment, personal-social, personal-tax, personal-weapons.

Ending with "personal": inter-personal, non-personal.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Personal

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

personal

13,467

free personal ads

644

personal loan

7,824

black personal

634

personal check

5,127

personal bankruptcy

590

personal ad

4,781

personal firewall

580

personal finance

3,609

personal health

560

personal loan for bad credit

2,685

personal training

545

yahoo personal

1,615

personal goal

544

personal trainer

1,447

personal fitness

527

personal watercraft

1,415

personal leasing uk

482

personal page

1,068

personal statement

456

web personal

968

personal injury lawyer

447

personal injury

935

gay personal

429

free personal

889

personal care

426

personal computer

874

uk personal loan

420

personal web site

860

personal loan online

418

personal web page

848

adult personal

410

personal web cam

788

personal web server

394

personal home page

777

personal loan for people with bad credit

393

unsecured personal loan

744

adult personal ads

388

personal profile

724

personal injury attorney

386
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Personal

Language Translations for "personal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

persoonlik (individual), eie (own). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

privat (particularistic, private), personal (esoteric, individual, interior, nominal, nominative, one-man, personalized, private, several), vetor, vetiak (one-man, personalized, private, proper), e tundshme (movable). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏فردي (individual, single, singular, solitary, solo), ‏ذاتي (internal, spontaneous, subjective), ‏خصوصي (characteristic, confidential, exclusive, individual, particular, peculiar, private, special, specific), ‏خاص (ad hoc, individual, particular, peculiar, private, privy, proper, relative, special, specific), ‏النبذة الشخصية, ‏شخصاني. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

физически за красота, телесен за красота, личен (finite, individual, intimate, particular, peculiar, private, privy, subjective), персонален (personnel), интимен (downstage, familiar, fireside, informal, inner, inofficial, intimate, keyhole, near, pally, private, privy, tete a tete, thick), извършен лично. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

親身 (oneself), (private, selfish), 人身 (person or body), 本人 (I, in person, oneself), 個人 (individual, oneself), 个人. (various references)

   

Czech

  

vlastní (inherent, intrinsic, intrinsical, own, particular, peculiar, proper, respective, underlying, whole), soukromý (executive, intimate, private, removed), osobní (individual, passenger). (various references)

   

Danish

  

personlig, egen (own). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

persoonlijk (in own hands, subjective), persoonlýk, eigen (domestic, own). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

propra (own), persona. (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

egin (odd, own, peculiar, strange). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

مربوطبه شخص , حضوری , خصوصی (Backside, Backstage, Closet, Informal, Private, Subjective), شخصی (One, Own, Personable, Somebody, Someone). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

persoonallinen, omakohtainen (subjective), oma (own), mieskohtainen, henkilöllinen, henkilökohtainen (individual). (various references)

   

French

  

personnel (personnel), propre. (various references)

   

German

  

persönlich (friendly, in person, personally, private, privately). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

ιδιωτικόσ (private), προσωπικόσ (individual, private), προσωπικός. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

אישי (individual, private, subjective). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

személyes, egyéni (especial, individual, particular, private, several, subjective, substantive). (various references)

   

Icelandic

  

eigin (own). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

pribadi (private). (various references)

   

Irish

  

phearsanta, pearsanta. (various references)

   

Italian

  

proprio (appropriate, at all, characteristic, exact, exactly, her, his, its, jolly, just, literal, one's, one's own, own, particular, proper, proprietary, quite, real, really, right, suitable, their, typical, very, your), personale (Corporal, figure, person, personnel, private, staff). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

人称 (person), 一己 (oneself, private), 一身上 , 個性的 (individual), 個人 (individual, private, private person), 個人的 (individualistic, self-centred), 対人 , バ行 (Classification for Japanese verb with the dictionary form ending in "bu", par, park, park-and-ride, Parker, parking, parking area, parking driver, parking meter, parking valet, Parkinson, parse, parsec, parser, parsing, partial, partial freezing, pass, PC, percent, percentage, perceptron, percolator, percussion, pergola, personal call, personal check, personal communication, personal computer, personal opinion, personal selling, personality, perspective, purge, purse, purser), 自家 (own), 人的 (human), 直々 (direct), 直披 (confidential), 直接 (direct, firsthand, immediate), 直直 (direct), 私的 (private), パステル画 (catcher's error, parsley, passed ball, passport, password, pastel, pastoral, pathetic, pathetic drama, personal computer, puzzle). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

こせいてき (individual), ちょくひ (confidential), じんてき (human), じか (a fire raging in one's own home, current value, magnetize, market value, nowadays, own, price), じきじき (direct), じきひ (confidential), ちょくせつ (decisiveness, direct, directness, firsthand, frank, immediate, prompt, straightforward), こじんてき (individualistic, self-centred), たいじん (confrontation of armies, encampment, gentleman, man of substance or virtue, retirement, retreat, withdrawal), いっこ (a fragment, a household, a piece, notice of, one, one house, oneself, private, the first beat of the war drum), いっしんじょう, にんしょう (attestation, certification, Imperial attestation, person, testimony of a witness), してき (historic, historical, identification, poetic, pointing out, private), パソ , パーソナル , こじん (ancient people, individual, old friend, private, private person, the deceased). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

개인 (individual, one-man, Private). (various references)

   

Manx

  

persoonagh (private). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

personnummer (personal number). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

propio (own), personal. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ersonalpay.(various references)

   

Polish

  

własny (own). (various references)

   

Portuguese

  

pessoal (acquainted, individual, own, personnel, private, privy, staff, untransferable), próprio (becoming, congenial, correct, due, fit, fitting, good, herself, himself, itself, meet, own, particular, proper, rightdown, seemly, self, selfsame, special, suitable, very). (various references)

   

Portuguese Brazilian

  

pessoal. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

propriu (adequate, appropriate, fitting, inherent, intrinsic, own, peculiar, proper, resident, salient, suitable), pronume personal (personal pronoun), privat (private, privy), personal (by oneself, individual, individually, original, own, particular, peculiarly, personally, personnel, private, staff), particular (peculiar, private, privy, proprietary, separate, specific), mobil (changeable, detachable, impulse, mobile, motive, movable, moving, removable, unstable, working), individual (distinct, individual, individually, particular, particularly, private, several, severally, single, substantive), fizic (appearance, bodily, body, concrete, corporeal, figure, outer, physical, physique), caustic (acerb, acid, acidulous, acrid, acrimonious, biting, caustic, mordant, pungent, pungently, scathing, scorching), avere personalã (private means), aluzii ofensatoare (personality), în persoanã. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

персональный. (various references)

   

Scottish

  

-sa, -se, -san (emphatic pronominal particle attached to personal pronouns and to nouns preceded by the possessive pronouns: mi-se), morair (old personal title rendered in Eng. `lord'), maoidhean (personal influence). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

pokretan (ambulatory, floating, impellent, locomotive, maneuverable, manoeuvrable, mobile, motile, movable, moveable, moving, shifting), telesni (bodily, carnal, corporal, corporeal, hylic, physical), lični (subjective), ličan (individual, prejudiced, private, subjective). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

personal (crew, force, identity, individual, intimate, particular, personnel, private, staff, workforce), propio (befitting, individual, like, own, peculiar, proper, very own). (various references)

   

Sranan

  

eygi (herself, himself, itself, own, self). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

personlig (individual, person-to-person), enskild (individual, private, separate, specific, unadopted). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

vücut (body, corporality, flesh, form, organism, person, somatic, system), kişiye yönelik, kişiye özel (private, proprietary), kişisel ilanlar sayfası, kişisel (closet, individual, intimate, private, self, singular), şahsi (closet, individual, private, proprietary, self), özel (ad hoc, closet, distinctive, esoteric, especial, exclusive, express, extraordinary, individual, intimate, particular, peculiar, private, privy, proper, proprietary, self, sole, special, specific, state, very). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

personal (r), юahsy, яekebara. (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

що стосується особи, особистий (individual, interior, peculiar, private, several, subjective), персональний. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

(private), riêng nói đến cá nhân, chỉ trích cá nhân, cá nhân (individual, individually), ám chỉ cá nhân. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

personol. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Personal

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Sumerian3100 BCE-2500 BCE

u-rum. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

domestica, domesticam, domestici, domesticis, domesticorum, domesticos, domesticum, peculiarem, peculiaria, peculiaris, privata, privati. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Personal

Derivations

Words beginning with "personal": personalise, personalised, personalises, personalising, personalism, personalisms, personalist, personalistic, personalists, personalities, personality, personalization, personalizations, personalize, personalized, personalizes, personalizing, personally, personals, personalties, personalty. (additional references)

Words ending with "personal": impersonal, interpersonal, intrapersonal, nonpersonal, superpersonal, transpersonal. (additional references)

Words containing "personal": depersonalization, depersonalizations, depersonalize, depersonalized, depersonalizes, depersonalizing, impersonalities, impersonality, impersonalization, impersonalizations, impersonalize, impersonalized, impersonalizes, impersonalizing, impersonally, interpersonally. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Personal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: apersonal, episomal, Parsona, Perboral, peristomal, peronal, peroral, persana, persanna, persional, personale, Personall, personalle, personaly, personell, personial, personnal, Pertenhall, Pesnel, Pessoal, precoxal, preoral, Presnail, Pressnell. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Personal"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "personal" (pronounced per"sunul)
7p er" s u n u limpersonal, interpersonal.
5-s u n u lArsenal, medicinal.
4-u n u labdominal, aberrational, aboriginal, additional, attitudinal, binational, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, coeducational, collisional, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, correctional, criminal, delusional, denominational, depositional, devotional, diagonal, dimensional, directional, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, erosional, exceptional, factional, fictional, fluxional, foundational, fractional, functional, gastrointestinal, generational, gravitational, hexagonal, improvisational, subliminal, superregional, supranational, terminal, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, international, intestinal, investigational, Invitational, irrational, jurisdictional, juvenile, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, motivational, multinational, national, navigational, nominal, noncriminal, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occasional, occupational, octagonal, operational, optional, organizational, original, phenomenal, polygonal, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, provisional, rational, recreational, regional, relational, representational, retinal, rotational, seasonal, sectional, seminal, sensational, sentinel, situational, traditional, transformational, transitional, transnational, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, virginal, vocational.
3-n u linfernal, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, atonal, autumnal, carnal, channel, Colonel, communal, cornel, Darnel, departmental, diurnal, empanel, eternal, external, faunal, fennel, final, flannel, fraternal, funnel, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, spinal, internal, journal, kennel, kernel, maternal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, nocturnal, panel, paternal, penal, polyvinyl, renal, semifinal, shrapnel, signal, tonal, tribunal, tunnel, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Personal

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: psoralen.

Words within the letters "a-e-l-n-o-p-r-s"

-1 letter: espanol, loaners, paroles, persona, planers, prolans, reloans, replans, reposal.

-2 letters: anoles, aprons, arpens, arseno, aslope, enrols, lanose, lapser, learns, loaner, loners, lopers, lorans, nerols, nopals, operas, paeons, panels, pareos, parles, parole, parols, parson, pearls, person, planer, planes, polars, polers, prolan, proles, reason, reloan, replan, senora, sloper, soaper, splore, sporal.

-3 letters: aeons, aloes, alone.

 Words containing the letters "a-e-l-n-o-p-r-s"
 

+1 letter: layperson, overplans, personals, psoralens.

 

+2 letters: aeroplanes, alpenhorns, gyroplanes, impersonal, lampooners, laypersons, narcolepsy, nonpareils, overplants, personable, personally, personalty, piperonals, porcelains, prolamines.

 

+3 letters: antileprosy, complainers, hydroplanes, nalorphines, nonpersonal, palindromes, pennyroyals, personalise, personalism, personalist, personality, personalize, polyandries, pratincoles, prefrontals, previsional, propellants, rhizoplanes, salesperson, scolopendra, supernormal, trampolines.

 

+4 letters: candlepowers, coleopterans, counterplans, counterplays, counterpleas, explorations, expressional, impersonally, interpolates, isoprenaline, lampooneries, laryngoscope, lycanthropes, melanophores, narcolepsies, narcoleptics, necrophilias, nonparallels, nonspherical, nontemporals, overexplains, pastoralness, pelargoniums, percolations, personalised, personalises, personalisms, personalists, personalized, personalizes, personalties, pilocarpines, plecopterans, porcelaneous, precessional, prelibations, processional, proconsulate, professional, proletarians, protoplanets, provableness, relationship, replications, salespersons, scolopendras, trampoliners, transposable, zooplankters.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Slideshow
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Images: Digital Art
8. Sounds
9. Quotations: Familiar
10. Quotations: Historic
11. Quotations: Fiction
12. Quotations: Non-fiction
13. Quotations: Spoken
14. Quotations: Speeches
15. Usage Frequency
16. Names: Company Usage
17. Expressions
18. Expressions: Internet
19. Translations: Modern
20. Translations: Ancient
21. Abbreviations
22. Acronyms
23. Derivations
24. Rhymes
25. Anagrams
26. Bibliography


  

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