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Definitions: Perception |
PerceptionNoun1. The representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept. 2. A way of conceiving something; "Luther had a new perception of the Bible". 3. The process of perceiving. 4. Knowledge gained by perceiving; "a man admired for the depth of his perception". 5. Becoming aware of something via the senses. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "perception" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Etymology: Perception \Per*cep"tion\, noun. [Latin expression perceptio: compare to the French expression perception. See Perceive.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | The ability quickly and accurately to recognize similarities and differences among presented objects, whether these be pairs of words, pairs of number series, or multiple sets of these or other symbols such as geometric figures. (references) |
Medicine | Complex appearing in the field of consciousness and made of sense impressions supplemented by the memory. Visual perceptions, in particular, contribute towards the formation of our concepts of the existence, form and position of objects. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
'Perception'\ is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting information gained through the senses. It is a major field of study in psychology and cognitive science. It can be considered as either a physiological or a mental process, because it is dependent on anatomical and physiological underpinnings yet gives rise to mental effects.
Perception is one of the oldest fields within scientific psychology, and there are correspondingly many theories about its underlying processes. The oldest quantitative law in psychology is the Weber-Fechner Law, which quantifies the relationship between the intensity of physical stimuli and their perceptual effects. It was the study of perception that gave rise to the Gestalt school of psychology, with its emphasis on holistic approaches.
These confusing ambiguity of perception is exploited in human technologies such as camouflage, and also in biological mimicry, for example by Peacock butterflies, whose wings bear eye markings that birds respond to as though they were the eyes of a dangerous predator.
The senses
Human perception depends on the five senses of Sight, Hearing, Smell, Taste and Touch. To these some add a "sixth" sense variously described as precognition (or foretelling) or sometimes telepathy (distance communications without aid other than the human brain). While this is controversial, it is certain that animals of other species do have additional senses: for example some fish can detect electric fields, while pigeons have been shown to detect magnetic fields and to use them in homing. History of the study of perception
The subjective nature of perception, and hence of cognition, has attracted the attention of philosophers since antiquity, for example in the qualia which have been known since the Sufi thinkers, or in the extreme idealism of George Berkeley.Perception and reality
Many cognitive psychologists hold that, as we move about in the world, we create a model of how the world works. That is, we sense the objective world, but our sensations map to percepts, and these percepts are provisional, in the same sense that scientific hypotheses are provisional (cf. in the scientific method).
As we acquire new information, our percepts shift. Abraham Pais' biography refers to the 'esemplastic' nature of imagination. In the case of visual perception, some people can actually see the percept shift in their mind's eye. Others who are not picture thinkerss, may not necessarily perceive the 'shape-shifting' as their world changes. The 'esemplastic' nature has been shown by experiment: an ambiguous image has multiple interpretations on the perceptual level.
Just as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all: if the percept has no grounding in a person's experience, the person may literally not perceive it.See also
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Perception."
Synonyms: PerceptionSynonyms: percept (n), perceptual experience (n), sensing (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Discrimination | Noun: discrimination, distinction, differentiation, diagnosis, diorism; nice perception; perception of difference, appreciation of difference; estimation; nicety, refinement; taste; critique, judgment; tact; discernment; (intelligence); acuteness, penetration; nuances. |
Idea | Noun: idea, notion, conception, thought, apprehension, impression, perception, image, gr/eidolon/gr, sentiment, reflection, observation, consideration; abstract idea; archetype, formative notion; guiding conception, organizing conception; image in the mind, regulative principle. |
Imbecility Folly | Noun: want of -intelligence; want of -intellect; shadowness, silliness, foolishness; Adjective: imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind, poverty of intellect, weakness of intellect, clouded perception, poor head, apartments to let; stupidity, stolidity; hebetude, dull understanding, meanest capacity, shortsightedness; incompetence; (unskillfulness). |
Knowledge | Noun: knowledge; cognizance, cognition, cognoscence; acquaintance, experience, ken, privity, insight, familiarity; comprehension, apprehension; recognition; appreciation; (judgment); intuition; conscience, consciousness; perception, precognition; acroamatics. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Money itself isn't lost or made, it's simply transferred from one perception to another. (Wall Street; writing credit: Stanley Weiser and Oliver Stone. Starring Charlie Sheen as Bud Fox, Michael Douglas as Gordon Gekko, and Martin Sheen as Carl Fox.) Politics is perception. (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) If the doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear to man as it is: infinite. (Dead Man; writing credit: Jim Jarmusch) | |
Clever | I don't have an attitude problem. You have a perception problem. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Adventures in Perception (1971) Sexual Sensory Perception (1970) Around Perception (1968) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Visual Acuity and Depth Perception : Sch. Aiv. Med.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Friedrich Nietzsche | For art to exist, for any sort of aesthetic activity or perception to exist, a certain physiological precondition is indispensable: intoxication. |
Henry David Thoreau | The perception of beauty is a moral test. |
J. Robert Oppenheimer | There are children playing in the street who could solve some of my top problems in physics, because they have modes of sensory perception that I lost long ago. |
Plato | Science is nothing but perception. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | And one may say boldly that no man has a right perception of any truth who has not been reacted on by it so as to be ready to be its martyr. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | This restored her to a real perception of things about her. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | In other words the synthesis of immediate perception is followed by the analysis of apprehension. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Abnormal sensation and perception. (references) | |
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder. (references) | ||
This rare form affects the sense of balance and depth perception. (references) | ||
Business | This indicates a now widely held perception that the threat of invasion from Russia is greatly reduced. (references) | |
Ecuadorian importers have a strong perception that U.S. products will satisfy them in price, service, and quality. (references) | ||
These efforts flowed in part from China's perception of itself as the historic great power in East Asia and as the world's largest developing country. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | India | In late April, a spokesman for the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India said that while the incidents of violence against the Christian community had decreased in the previous 6 to 8 months, "that does not mean that the threat perception has also decreased" among Christians. (references) |
Oman | There is a general perception that the confiscation of books and tapes at the border from private individuals and restrictions on popular novels have eased somewhat; however, it reportedly has become more difficult to obtain permission to distribute books in the local market that censors decide have factual errors regarding the country (including outdated maps). (references) | |
India | The alleged reason behind the attacks was the pervasive perception that Christians were encouraging conversions of Hindus. (references) | |
Economic History | Moldova | In a report on the Legal System in Transition Economies, which was published by the EBRD in 2000, Moldova was assigned a 44 percent index on a 100 point scale, based on the perception of Moldovan lawyers concerning the effectiveness of local bankruptcy laws. (references) |
Mexico | U.S. products continue to have several advantages over other countries, such as geographical proximity, which allows shorter delivery times and lower transportation costs, and the perception that U.S. manufacturers have a technological edge. (references) | |
Moldova | On a scale from 1 (least corrupt) to 91 (most corrupt), Transparency International has ranked Moldova number 64, along with Tailand, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Philippines, according to its 2001 corruption perception rankings. (references) | |
Human Rights | Bangladesh | Press editorials and commentaries opined that the increasing mob violence reflected a breakdown of law and order and a popular perception that the criminal justice system did not function. (references) |
South Africa | The Institute for Security Studies (ISS) reported an increase in vigilante action since 1996 as a result of police inefficiency and the perception that the courts fail to deliver justice. (references) | |
Iran | The Government does not use forced exile, but many dissidents and ethnic and religious minorities leave the country due to a perception of threat from the Government. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Australia | Indigenous people believed that police systematically mistreat them; however, there are no government statistics to confirm this perception. (references) |
Political Economy | RUSSIA | The economy has continued to benefit from increased monetization of the economy, a substantially improved fiscal situation, and a perception of greater political stability. (references) |
Chad | During the past three years, a rebellion in the far north Tibesti region has created a perception of instability that has sometimes affected the business climate. (references) | |
Political Rights | Iraq | Although the Government has taken steps to increase the perception of democracy, the political process still is controlled firmly by the State. (references) |
Haiti | Pro-FL militants arrived in government-owned vehicles and appeared well-organized, giving rise to the general perception that the Government organized the riots. (references) | |
Travel | Korea | The Korean Government has attempted to address this dual perception by formulating "model" contracts for licensing technology and other arrangements. (references) |
Women | Mongolia | However, a common perception is that domestic abuse is either a family issue or not a problem at all. (references) |
Thailand | Police have sought to change this perception and encourage women to report sexual crimes through the use of teams of female police officers that operate in metropolitan Bangkok police stations, with a total of 20 female investigators. (references) | |
Cuba | Most observers believe that the Government clamped down on prostitution to combat the perception that the Government promotes sex tourism. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Pamela Anderson | I don't have it. He was in denial about it, even though my doctor tells me he does have it, and he has told people when we had our evaluation done, that he does have it. But it's just a public perception thing. |
Rush Limbaugh | You see, there has been this perception over the years that Christians and Jews are at odds, with great cultural, political, and theological friction. |
Senator Paul Sarbanes | Well, first of all, I think that is the general perception. I don't think it makes it impossible for the president to be a reformer, but it means he's got to be very active and very much out in front in the reform efforts. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Perception" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.63% of the time. "Perception" is used about 2,145 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.63% | 2,137 | 4,077 |
| Noun (common) | 0.37% | 8 | 124,375 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,145 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "perception": Auditory Perception ♦ Color Perception ♦ color perception requirement ♦ colour perception requirement ♦ Depth Perception ♦ Distance Perception ♦ extrasensory perception ♦ Form Perception ♦ Gravity Perception ♦ gustatory perception ♦ hazard perception test ♦ Loudness Perception ♦ Motion Perception ♦ musical perception ♦ olfactory perception ♦ paravisual perception indicator ♦ Pitch Perception ♦ Size Perception ♦ Social Perception ♦ sound perception ♦ Space Perception ♦ Speech Perception ♦ taste perception ♦ Time Perception ♦ time perception problem ♦ touch perception ♦ visual perception ♦ Weight Perception. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "perception": perception-based, perception-image-memory-illusion, perception-independent. | |
Ending with "perception": motion-perception, self-perception, sense-perception, shape-perception. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "perception"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | perceptim (percipience, realization, reception, receptivity, recipiency), kuptim (comprehension, conception, construction, drift, hang, import, meaning, point, purport, realization, sense, significance, signification, stress, understanding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | فهم (accept, apprehend, apprehension, brain, catch, comprehend, comprehension, conceive, conception, discern, discernment, grasp, hear, hear of, intelligence, know, know of, learn, learn about, make out, penetrate, perceive, pick out, pierce, put across, puzzle out, realization, realize, see, see daylight, see the light, seeing, sense, skulk, sort out, take in, twig, understand, understanding, understood), ملاحظة (attention, heed, notice, noticing, noting, observance, observation, remarking), نفاذ بصيرة, القدرة على الفهم, الادراك, إدراك حسي. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | схващане (apprehension, comprehension, conception, cramp, grasp, idea, kink, notion, opinion, outlook, prehension, understanding, uptake, view), усещане (feel, feeling, prehension, sensation, sense, sensibility), разбиране (apprehension, comprehension, conception, feeling, grasp, grip, hold, idea, knowing, opinion, realization, taste, understanding, uptake), възприятие, възприемане (adoption, reception), перцепция, долавяне. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 知覺 , 感覺 (feeling, sense, to become aware of, to feel), 悟性. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | postřeh (observation, remark), pojem (concept, idea, name, notion), percepce, vnímavost (open mindedness, openness, perceptiveness, receptivity, susceptibility), vnímání (reception), chápání (apprehension, comprehension, prehension, understanding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | perception. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | perceptie, waarneming (measured value, observation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | مشاهده قوه ادراک , اگاهی (Acquaintance, Advice, Cognizance, Dope, Idea, Immediacy, Inkling, Intelligence, Knowledge), ادراک (Cognition, Cognizance, Hindsight, Impression, Notion, Realization, Scent, Understanding, Uptake), دریافت (Comprehension, Inception, Receipt), درک (Gusto, Realization, Uptake). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | havainto (cognition, finding, observation), aistimus (sensation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | perception (percept). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Wahrnehmung (apperception, awareness, cognition, detection, exercise, observing, perceptions, sense), Perzeption. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αντίληψη (apperception, apprehension, awareness, cognisance, comprehension, concept, conception, notion, percept, realization, understanding, wit). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מחיש" (feeling), תפיס" (apprehension, capture, cop, grasp, hold, occupation, outlook, seizure, snatch), תחוש" (feel, feeling, hunch, sensation, sense), "מחש, "תפס, "ש'" (acquirement, acquisition, attainment, comprehension, conception, objection, obtainment, procurement, reach), "ר'ש" (feel, feeling, sentiment), טביעת עין (eye memory, perceptiveness, recognition at a glance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | észrevétel (detection, observation, reflection, remark), észlelés (cognition, cognizance, detection, location, observation, pick up, sighting), érzékelés (detection, feel, feeling, sensation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pengelihatan, pencerapan (observation), wawasan (cooncept, insight), cerapan (response). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | percezione (realization). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 知覚 , 窺知 (understanding), 感知 , 受蘊 , 会得 (appreciation, comprehension, grasp, understanding), 勘 (intuition, the sixth sense). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | きち (already known, base, correct, dangerous position, extraordinary wisdom, healthy, peril, resources, tact, understanding, well-known, wit, your place), か"ち (business, cold region, complete recovery, concern, craft, craftiness, cunning, direct administration by the government, fallow ground, life of leisurely retirement, quiet place, sinecure, undemanding job, vacant land, wiles), か" (admiration, advise, appearance, best, building, can, cap, casket, coffin, cold season, coldest days of the year, crown, designating, diadem, emotion, emperor, encourage, farewell, feeling, first, free time, guesthouse, hall, heaven, hotel, house, impression, initiating on coming of age, inn, intuition, just, kan, leave, leisure, letter, look, love of peace, midwinter, naming, nerves, offer, peerless, pipe, recommend, reel, right, sensation, spare time, spectacle, strong, temper, the sixth sense, tin, top character radical, trunk, tube, volume, warship, writing brush), じゅう", ちかく (earth core, earth's crust, near, neighbourhood, vicinity), えとく (appreciation, comprehension, grasp, understanding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 지각. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | tastid (acuteness, acuteness of mind, attention, attentiveness, discernment, intellect, penetration, sagacity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | erceptionpay percepção (apprehension, cognition, consciousness, eye, feeling, percept, realization, sense), percepção, perceção (apprehension, cognition, consciousness, eye, feeling, realization, sense), objeto percebido, faculdade perceptiva, conhecimento (acquaintance, attainment, awareness, background, bill of lading, cognition, cognizance, command, conscious, consciousness, conversance, familiarization, friend, idea, information, insight, instructional, intelligence department, know, knowing, knowledge, learning, light, lore, manifest, privity, scholarship, science), cognoscível (cognizable), /percepção. (various references) percepere, percepţie (cognition), senzaţie (boom, excitement, feeling, page-one, sensation, splash, stir), intuiţie (insight, intuition), înţelegere (accommodation, accord, agreement, apprehension, arrangement, compact, compliance, composition, comprehension, comprehensiveness, concert, concord, concordat, connivance, convention, covenant, goodwill, grasp, grip, insight, intelligence, knowing, mindfulness, prehension, realization, sympathy, understanding, unity). (various references) восприятие (intussusception, percipience). (various references) léir (altogether, distress, entirely, pain, power of seeing or being seen : is, sight, torment, wholly), beachd (contention, observance, opinion). (various references) percepcija, opažanje (observation, prehension, remark). (various references) percepción (apprehension, detection, insight, percept, sensing). (various references) uppfattning (appreciation, apprehension, comprehension, conception, contention, estimation, feeling, idea, mind, opinion, understanding), förnimmelse (sensation). (various references) tahsil (study), sezme (anticipation, discernment, divination, flair, inkling, insight, percipience, precognition, sense), seziş (discernment, scent), sezgi (acumen, discernment, feel, feeling, flair, instinct, intuition, sentience), kavrama (apperception, apprehension, bite, chuck, cinch, clasp, claw, clutch, cognation, cognizance, comprehension, conception, digestion, engaging, fathom, grasp, grip, gripping, insight, penetration, prehension, seizing, understanding, uptake), idrak yeteneği (cognation), idrak (apperception, appreciation, cognation, cognizance, comprehension, consciousness, discernment, grasp, grip, intelligence, nous, percipience, perspicacity, realization), basiret (clairvoyance, discreetness, foresight), algılama (perceptional, sensation), algı (apprehension, feeling, sensation, sense). (various references) усвідомлення (consciousness, realization, recognition), сприймання (reception), відчуття (feel, feeling, sensation), перецепція. (various references) canfyddiad. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | phantasia. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | conprehensione, sensus. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | baodhangh. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "perception": perceptional, perceptions. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "perception": apperception, misperception. (additional references) | |
Words containing "perception": apperceptions, misperceptions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Perception" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Perberton, perceptio, perciption, Pernetiana, perseption, Piacentino. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "perception" (pronounced perse"pshun) |
| 8 | p er s e" p sh u n | misperception. |
| 7 | -er s e" p sh u n | interception. |
| 6 | -s e" p sh u n | conception, contraception, deception, exception, inception, misconception, preconception, reception. |
| 4 | -p sh u n | absorption, adoption, anticorruption, assumption, caption, conniption, conscription, consumption, contraption, corruption, description, disruption, egyptian, encryption, eruption, exemption, gumption, inscription, interruption, nonprescription, option, overconsumption, preemption, prescription, presumption, proscription, redemption, resumption, subscription, transcription. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absolution, abstraction, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraction, contradiction, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-e-i-n-o-p-p-r-t" | |
-1 letter: reception. | |
-2 letters: entropic, erection, inceptor, neoteric, peperoni, peptonic, pericope, prentice, terpenic. | |
-3 letters: cointer, coterie, croppie, enteric, enticer, entopic, epitope, nepotic, noticer, peptone, percent, percept, pereion, perpent, picotee, pioneer, pointer, porcine, potence, precent, precept, precipe, propene, propine, protein, receipt, tropine. | |
-4 letters: cenote, center, centre, cerite, citron, coiner, copier, copper, copter, cornet, cortin, crepon, cretin, encore. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-e-i-n-o-p-p-r-t" | |
+1 letter: perceptions. | |
+2 letters: apperception, intercropped, perceptional, picturephone, prepotencies. | |
+3 letters: apperceptions, misperception, picturephones, precentorship, preconception. | |
+4 letters: cyproheptadine, mercaptopurine, misperceptions, photoreception, postexperience, precentorships, precipitinogen, preconceptions, pyelonephritic. | |
+5 letters: counterstepping, cyproheptadines, mercaptopurines, parthenocarpies, phosphocreatine, photoreceptions, precipitinogens, precipitousness. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 65 72 63 65 70 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. . .-. -.-. . .--. - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01100101 01110010 01100011 01100101 01110000 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P e r c e p t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 0065 0072 0063 0065 0070 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)50718469718286758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Spoken 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Orthography 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
