Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Nominal |
NominalAdjective1. Relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name; "the Russian system of nominal brevity"; "a nominal lists of priests"; "taxable males as revealed by the nominal rolls". 2. Insignificantly small; a matter of form only; "the fee was nominal"; "a token gesture of resistance"; (`tokenish' is informal as in "a tokenish gesture"). 3. (grammar) "nominal phrase"; "noun phrase". 4. (economics) being value in terms of specification on currency or stock certificates rather than purchasing power; "nominal or face value". 5. Named; bearing the name of a specific person; "nominative shares of stock". 6. Being such in name only; "the nominal (or titular) head of his party". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "nominal" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Nominal wattage is used to simplify the measurement of the efficiency of a loudspeaker.The impedance of a loudspeaker varies with frequency. This means that if different sine wave tones are fed into the loudspeaker at the same voltage (or the same current), the amount of electric power consumed will vary.
By convention, loudspeakers are designed to generate the same sound pressure level (SPL) at the listener for the same voltage at varying frequencies - regardless of the variation in electric power. This permits a loudspeaker to be used with an amplifier having a low internal impedance and a flat frequency response is realised for the combined amplifier/loudspeaker system.
However, an amplifier with a low internal impedance delivers more electrical output power when the load impedance reduces (until the impedances become approximately matched). Such high power levels could cause damage to either the amplifier or the amplifier's power supply, or the circuit connected to the amplifier's output (including the loudspeaker).
Therefore, an additional convention exists whereby loudspeaker manufacturers specify a conservative estimate of the average impedance that the loudspeaker will present while playing typical music. This is called the nominal impedance. Amplifiers can therefore be safely specified to operate into a load that has this nominal impedance (or higher, but not lower).
Typical nominal impedances for speakers include 4, 6, 8 and 16 ohms, with 4 ohms being most common in in-car loudspeakers, and 8 ohms being most common elsewhere. A loudspeaker with an 8-ohm nominal impedance may exhibit actual impedances ranging from approximately 5 to 100 ohms depending on frequency.
In this context, the nominal wattage is the theoretical electric power that would be transferred from amplifier to speaker if the loudspeaker was actually exhibiting its nominal impedance. The actual electric power may vary from about twice the nominal power down to less than one tenth.
Loudspeaker efficiency is measured with respect to nominal power in order to emulate the situation outlined above where a low internal impedance amplifier is used with a loudspeaker. The convention is to supply one nominal watt during testing. If the nominal impedance is 4 ohms, the voltage would be 2 volts. If the nominal impedance is 8 ohms, the voltage would be 2.83 volts.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Nominal watt."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Simple EnglishA noun is perhaps the most fundamental of the parts of speech. Nouns occur in sentences in two different ways: as subjects (performers of action), or objects (recipients of action); in the sentence "John wrote me a letter", "John" is a subject, and "me" and "letter" are objects. Common wisdom has it that a noun is the name of a "person, place, or thing".
Nouns are classified into proper nouns (e.g. "Janet"), common nouns (e.g. "girl"), and pronouns (e.g. "she" and "which").
A proper noun (also called proper name) is a noun which denotes a unique entity. The meaning of a proper noun, outside of what it references, is frequently arbitrary or irrelevant (for example, someone might be named Tiger Smith despite being neither a tiger nor a smith). Because of this, they are often not translated between languages, although they may be transliterated--for example, the German surname "Knödel" becomes "Knoedel" in English, as opposed to "Dumpling".
Proper nouns are capitalized in English and most or all other languages that use the Latin alphabet; this is one easy way to recognize them. Note however that in German all types of nouns are capitalized. Also, in English, trademarks (e.g. "Dumpster" and "Kleenex") and words derived from proper nouns (e.g. "Aristotelian") are also capitalized; this phenomenon is probably a vestige of English's Germanic roots, and does not occur in Romance languages. The word "I", although capitalized in English and apparently refering to a unique object, is actually a pronoun.
Sometimes the same word can appear as both a common noun and a proper noun, where one such entity is special; for example:
Some languages, such as Toki Pona, classify proper names as adjectives that modify a generic noun. Shades of this are found in the English language in phrases like "English language".
- there can be many gods, but there is only one God.
- there can be many internets (networks of TCP/IP networks), but the largest internet in the world is the Internet.
A mass noun is a type of common noun that represents a substance not easily quantified by a number. Mass nouns do not require limiting modifiers ("an", "two", "several", "many", etc.) and are not normally pluralized. Examples from English include "cheese", "laughter", and "precision".
Examples of nouns:
See also
- Janet is the name of a girl.
- Whistling off-key is annoying to me, but not to everybody.
- Cleanliness is next to godliness.
- The World Wide Web has become the least expensive way to publish information.
- Name.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Noun."
Synonyms: NominalSynonyms: nominative (adj), titular (adj), token(a) (adj), tokenish (adj). (additional references) |
| Antonym: real (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Cheapness | Gratuity; free quarters, free seats, free admission, pass, free pass, free warren, give-away, freebee; run of one's teeth; nominal price, peppercorn rent; labor of love. |
Conformity | Typical, normal, nominal, formal; canonical, orthodox, sound, strict, rigid, positive, uncompromising, Procrustean. |
Nomenclature | Nuncupatory, nuncupative; cognominal,nuncupatory, nuncupative; cognominal, titular, nominal, orismological. |
Unsubstantiality | Vacant, vacuous; empty; eviscerated; blank, hollow; nominal; null; inane. |
Word | Adjective: verbal, literal; nominal. conjugate, paronymous; derivative. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | View over the nominal position of New Zealand from Galileo. (New Zealand, however, is not visible in the image as it is beneath the clouds.). Credit: NASA. | ![]() | Mexican migrant housing. Edcouch, Texas. These units are owned by a labor contractor who rents them for a nominal sum to his group of workers. They remain in the lower valley working in the vegetable and citrus fields for about nine months of the year. Th. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration training center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Food is served appointees in cafeteria style on regular army mess kits. Each student is charged a nominal fee for maintenance while at. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | In the event of bonds, obligations or other evidence of indebtedness issued by Germany by way of security for or acknowledgment of her reparation debt being disposed of outright, not by way of pledge, to persons other than the several Governments in whose favour Germany's original reparation indebtedness was created, an amount of such reparation indebtedness shall be deemed to be extinguished corresponding to the nominal value of the bonds, etc., so disposed of outright, and the obligation of Germany in respect of such bonds shall be confined to her liabilities to the holders of the bonds, as expressed upon their face. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A complete guide on Fuchs' dystrophy can be purchased from NORD for a nominal fee. (references) | |
While some of the listed articles are free to view, others can be purchased for a nominal fee. (references) | ||
Business | Between 1996 and 1998, the U.K. market grew at a nominal rate of almost 25 percent. (references) | |
Circulation is free except for a nominal fee to cover handling and postage charges to qualified readers in the Asia Pacific. (references) | ||
Despite a drop in oil prices, 1997 nominal GDP grew by 1.2 percent, to more than 176 billion dirhams (about 48 billion US dollars). (references) | ||
Children | El Salvador | Only a nominal fee is charged to attend the national public university. (references) |
Suriname | School attendance is free; however, most public schools impose a nominal enrollment fee, ranging from $4 to $24 (Sf10,000 to Sf60,000) a year. (references) | |
Haiti | Even in public schools there are nominal mandatory fees associated with sending a child to school (uniform, books, etc.), and these costs are beyond the means of many rural families. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Russia | The Government imposes nominal emigration taxes, fees, and duties. (references) |
Solomon Islands | The Department of Home and Cultural Affairs has a nominal policymaking role concerning religion. (references) | |
Russia | Many Russians firmly believe that at least nominal adherence to the Russian Orthodox Church is at the heart of what it means to be Russian. (references) | |
Economic History | Singapore | GDP (2000 nominal): $85 92 billion. (references) |
Canada | Nominal GDP (2000): $675.42 billion. (references) | |
Canada | Nominal per capita GDP (2000): $21,788. (references) | |
Human Rights | Angola | The court system consists of the Supreme Court at the appellate level plus municipal and provincial courts of original jurisdiction under the nominal authority of the Supreme Court. (references) |
Minorities | Russia | Many citizens believe that at least nominal adherence to the Russian Orthodox Church is at the heart of what it means to be Russian, and Russian Orthodoxy is considered in conservative nationalist circles as the de facto official religion of the country. (references) |
Political Economy | Eritrea | Nominal GNP was estimated at $695 million. (references) |
Political Rights | Afghanistan | Nominal president Burhanuddin Rabbani headed the Northern Alliance. (references) |
Belgium | Voting in all elections is compulsory, and failure to vote is subject to a nominal fine. (references) | |
Kuwait | Four of those arrested received nominal fines, had their cases postponed, or were acquitted. (references) | |
Trade | Uzbekistan | Although the Central Bank's independence is guaranteed by Uzbek law, it is in fact nominal. (references) |
Dominican Rep | Many U.S. exporters continue to complain that the fees are rarely nominal and often arbitrarily assessed. (references) | |
Bahrain | The fees are stated in Bahraini Dinars and vary from a nominal amount to five percent of the expected bid. (references) | |
Travel | Ghana | Several business centers in the major cities provide communication and document preparation services at a nominal fee. (references) |
Qatar | While medicines are generally dispersed free of charge for Qatari patients, the expatriate communities pay a nominal charge. (references) | |
Morocco | Electrical Standards: Electric power in Morocco is 50 cycle, one and three phase, with nominal voltage in the largest cities at 220 volts. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Vietnam | Trade unions are controlled by the Party and have only nominal independence. (references) |
Zambia | The strikes were settled when workers were awarded nominal salary increases. (references) | |
Fiji | The workers received a nominal pay increase; however, the strike attracted media attention. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Nominal" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.88% of the time. "Nominal" is used about 850 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 99.88% | 849 | 8,302 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.12% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 850 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "nominal": damages nominal ♦ in nominal terms ♦ nominal aphasia ♦ nominal approach path ♦ nominal aspect ratio ♦ nominal capacity ♦ nominal capital ♦ nominal consideration ♦ nominal damages ♦ nominal data ♦ nominal deviation ♦ nominal filter ♦ nominal fine ♦ nominal flight path ♦ nominal focal length ♦ nominal group ♦ nominal head ♦ nominal horse power ♦ nominal list ♦ nominal load of consuming appliances ♦ nominal par ♦ nominal partner ♦ nominal price ♦ nominal profile ♦ nominal quotation ♦ nominal range of an influencing factor ♦ nominal range of an influencing quantity ♦ nominal roll ♦ nominal salary ♦ nominal scale ♦ nominal scaled variables ♦ nominal Semidestructor ♦ nominal shares ♦ nominal stress ♦ nominal track ♦ nominal value ♦ nominal value of the shares ♦ nominal wage ♦ nominal wage income ♦ nominal weapon ♦ nominal zone of indecision ♦ plane of the nominal ils glide path. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "nominal": quasi-nominal. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "nominal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | në emrin e, sa për emër (nominally), personal (esoteric, individual, interior, nominative, one-man, personal, personalized, private, several), formal (formal, official, regular), emëror (nominative, substantival). (various references) | |
Arabic | ضئيل (bantam, exiguous, fractional, imperceptible, insignificant, little, lowbrow, meager, meagre, piddling, puny, sketchy, slender, sparse, stingy, thin, wretched), صوري شكلي (normal), الأسمي, إسمي, رمزي (emblematic, figurative, symbolic, symbolical), شكلي (distinct, false, formal, logomachy, modal, pernickety), بالإ سم فقط. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | само на книга, само по име, формален (formal, perfunctory, technic, technical), фиктивен (dummy, feigned, fictive, paper, phoney), номинален (titular), незначителен (cheap, dinky, fiddling, fractional, frivolous, immaterial, imperceptible, inappreciable, inconsiderable, inessential, inglorious, insignificant, least, little, mean, minor, minute, negligible, niggling, noteless, nugatory, obscure, one horse, outside, paltry, peddling, pettifogging, petty, picayune, piddling, piffling, pimping, pokey, poky, poor, potty, puerile, pygmy, rabbity, scrubby, slight, small, small time, subfusc, tenuous, third class, tiddly, trifling, trivial, two-by-four, twopenny-halfpenny, unconsidered, unimportant), нищожен (exiguous, footling, insignificant, miserable, naught, negligible, nugatory, outside, paltry, peddling, pettifogging, pygmy, shabby, trifling, trivial), поименен, именен (denominative). (various references) | |
Chinese | 有名 实. (various references) | |
Czech | nominální, jmenovitý, jmenný. (various references) | |
Danish | nominel (rated). (various references) | |
Dutch | nominaal (rated). (various references) | |
Farsi | کم قیمت (Light), صوری (Ostensible, Simulate, Superficial), جزءی (Immaterial, Imperceptible, Inappreciative, Inconsiderable, Inconspicuous, Little, Minuscule, Minute, Negligible, Nip, Paltry, Partial, Peppercorn, Petty, Piddling, Remote, Retail, Rush, Small, Snatch, Trivial, Vain), اسمی (Asthmatic, Onomastic). (various references) | |
Finnish | nimellinen (rated). (various references) | |
French | nominal. (various references) | |
German | nominal. (various references) | |
Greek | ονομαστικός (nominative). (various references) | |
Hebrew | שמי (by name), סמלי (emblematic, figurative, symbolic, symbolical, token, typical). (various references) | |
Hungarian | névleges (titular), fiktív. (various references) | |
Indonesian | nominal, kata benda (noun). (various references) | |
Italian | nominale (noun, reputations, title, titles, titular). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ノイマン型 (christmas, fungo, Hague, heart, Hercules, hook, knob, knock, knockdown, knocker, knocking, knock-on, knockout, knot, know, know-how, knowledge, nautical mile per hour, Neumann-type, neuron, neurosis, no, noctovision, nocturne, nominal price, nominate, nomination, nomogram, nomograph, non career, non cling, non store retailing, non troppo, non-attachment disease, nonbank banking, nonbook, nonchalant, non-conforming design, nonfiction, nonius, nonpolitical, non-professional, nonrun, non-sectarian, nonsense, nonslip, nonstop, non-terminal, nontitle match, non-verbal, non-verbal communication, Noraism, Nordic, Norma, Normandy, Norway, nostalgia, nostalgic, nostalgie, notation, notch, notchback, notch-filter, nova, Nova Scotia, novel, novelty, nozzle, number, swastika, unaffiliated, vernier calipers, vernier micrometer), 名目 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ノミナル , めいもく (closing one's eyes, passing away). (various references) | |
Korean | 명목상. (various references) | |
Manx | ennymagh (nominative, subjective case, token). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ominalnay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | nominativo (nominative, registered), nominal (titular), relativo a nome. (various references) | |
Romanian | nominal (nominally, rated), convenţional (artificial, conventional, conventionally, hypocritical, sham). (various references) | |
Russian | условный (conditional, prearranged, probational, probationary), символический (emblematic, symbolic, symbolical), номинальный (indicated, rated, titular), номинал номинальный, ничтожный (exiguous, fiddling, lamentable, measly, naught, paltry, picayune, pitiful, poxy, twopenny-halfpenny), именной (nominative). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | nominalni, nazivni, imenski. (various references) | |
Spanish | nominal (noun). (various references) | |
Swedish | symbolisk (emblematic, hieroglyphic, symbolic, symbolical, token). (various references) | |
Thai | แต่ในนาม, เกี่ยวกับชื่อ, เกี่ยวกับคำนาม (nounal), ซึ่งไม่สำคัญ (negligible, nickel-and-dime, niggling, niggly). (various references) | |
Turkish | nominal (token), sembolik (emblematic, emblematical, figurative, representative, symbolic, symbolical), sözde (alleged, allegedly, as if, as though, nominally, of a sort, of sorts, ostensible, professed, professedly, quasi, quasi-, reputed, self-styled, so called, soi-disant, supposed, would be), itibari (fictitious, fiduciary, notional, titular, token), ismen var olan, göstermelik (claptrap, false, for effect, for show, ostensible, pious, rose water, sample, specimen), düşük (abortion, fallen, falling, hypo-, low, miscarriage, subdued). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | умовний (conditional, contingent, factitious, provisional, provisory, relative, simulated, subjunctive), іменний (nominative, registered), символічний (allusive, emblematic, emblematical, symbolic, symbolical, typical), номінальний (rated, titular, token), мізерний (bare, beggarly, feeble, insignificant, miserable, naught, outside, paltry, pitiable, pokey, poky), загальний (aggregate, all out, appellative, blanket, collective, common, general, generic, generical, global, net, overall, pandemic, universal), поіменний. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | như danh từ, giống danh t. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | nominalis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "nominal": nominalism, nominalisms, nominalist, nominalistic, nominalists, nominally, nominals. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "nominal": cognominal, denominal, pronominal. (additional references) | |
Words containing "nominal": pronominally. (additional references) | |
| |
"Nominal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: domainal, Domhnall, naminal, negidal, nemine, Nilmini, Noamana, Nobinul, nomena, nomian, nomical, nomimal, nomina, nominality, nominall, nominals, nominell, nominer, nominis, nomminal, nomnal, noumenon, Numenor, Numia, numinal, numnah, Nurminen, ominal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "nominal" (pronounced nÄ"munul) |
| 7 | n Ä" m u n u l | phenomenal. |
| 6 | -Ä" m u n u l | abdominal. |
| 5 | -m u n u l | criminal, subliminal, terminal, luminal, noncriminal, seminal. |
| 4 | -u n u l | aberrational, aboriginal, additional, Arsenal, attitudinal, binational, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, coeducational, collisional, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, correctional, delusional, denominational, depositional, devotional, diagonal, dimensional, directional, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, erosional, exceptional, factional, fictional, fluxional, foundational, fractional, functional, gastrointestinal, generational, gravitational, hexagonal, impersonal, improvisational, superregional, supranational, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, international, interpersonal, intestinal, investigational, Invitational, irrational, jurisdictional, juvenile, latitudinal, longitudinal, marginal, medicinal, motivational, multinational, national, navigational, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occasional, occupational, octagonal, operational, optional, organizational, original, personal, polygonal, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, provisional, rational, recreational, regional, relational, representational, retinal, rotational, seasonal, sectional, sensational, sentinel, situational, traditional, transformational, transitional, transnational, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, virginal, vocational. |
| 3 | -n u l | infernal, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, atonal, autumnal, carnal, channel, Colonel, communal, cornel, Darnel, departmental, diurnal, empanel, eternal, external, faunal, fennel, final, flannel, fraternal, funnel, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, spinal, internal, journal, kennel, kernel, maternal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, nocturnal, panel, paternal, penal, polyvinyl, renal, semifinal, shrapnel, signal, tonal, tribunal, tunnel, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-i-l-m-n-n-o" | |
-1 letter: amnion, nomina, oilman. | |
-2 letters: aloin, amino, amnio, anion, liman. | |
-3 letters: amin, anil, anon, lain, lima, limn, limo, linn, lino, lion, loam, loan, loin, mail, main, mano, milo, mina, moan, moil, mola, nail, naoi, noil, noma, nona. | |
-4 letters: ail, aim, ain, ami, ani, inn, ion, lam, lin, man, mil, moa, mol, mon, nam, nan, nil. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-i-l-m-n-n-o" | |
+1 letter: mandolin, mannitol, nominals. | |
+2 letters: denominal, mandoline, mandolins, mannitols, melatonin, nominally, nonanimal, nonfamily. | |
+3 letters: antimonial, calamondin, cognominal, councilman, dominantly, lamination, lampooning, mandolines, melatonins, nominalism, nominalist, nonmarital, nonmedical, nonmusical, nonoptimal, pronominal. | |
+4 letters: antimonials, calamondins, complainant, complaining, condimental, culmination, dimensional, elimination, emblazoning, fulmination, incompliant, lamentation, laminations, longanimity, malfunction, mandolinist, manifolding, mentionable, monolingual, multination, nationalism, nominalisms, nominalists, nonaluminum, nonchemical, noncriminal, nonfamilial, nonfamilies, nonmaterial, nonmetallic, nonmetrical, nonmilitant, nonmilitary, nonmystical, nonterminal, normalising, normalizing, plasminogen, synonymical, unanimously, unemotional, womanliness. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Historic 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Translations: Ancient | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.