Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Negligent |
NegligentAdjective1. Characterized by neglect and undue lack of concern; "negligent parents"; "negligent of detail"; "negligent in his correspondence". 2. Marked by insufficient care or attention; "a negligent housekeeper"; "negligent about personal cleanliness". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "negligent" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Negligence can be either (1) criminal or (2) civil in nature.Criminal Negligence
(1) In the realm of criminal common law, criminal negligence is a legal term of art for a state of mind which is careless, inattentive, neglectful, wilfully blind, or reckless; it is the mens rea part of a crime which, if occurring simulaneously with the actus reus, gives rise to criminal liability. Some distinguish recklessness from negligence; recklessness is a 'malfeasance' that increases the danger of an act occurring; whereas criminal negligence is a misfeasance or nonfeasance, merely allowing otherwise avoidable dangers to manifest. This is an example of the difference between a general intent crime and a specific intent crime with recklessness being more specific than criminal negligence. In some cases this 'nonfeasance' can rise to the level of wilful blindness where the individual intentionally avoid confronting a situation that no reasonable person would ever allow to occur. Gross criminal negligence is behavior which involves a "wanton disregard for human life". Of course, in all these cases if the actus reus or bad act never occurs then there is no crime as both elements are necessary under the criminal common law to sustain a guilty conviction.
Usually the punishment for criminal negligence, criminal recklessness, criminal endangerment, wilful blindness and other related crimes is imprisonment, unless the criminal is insane (and then in some cases the sentence is indeterminate). Examples of criminally negligent crimes are criminally negligent homicide and negligent endangerment of a child.
See also : culpability
Negligence in private law
(2) Under civil common law, negligence is an ingredient of many non-intentional torts or wrongs that one individual suffers because of the nonfeasance, misfeasance or malfeasance of another. As opposed to the common law tradition of most Anglo-American jurisdictions, in civil law legal systems (such as continental Europe, Quebec and Puerto Rico) negligence is classified as a form of extra-contractual responsibility called a quasi-delict (in distinction to the more wilful delicts) within the conceptual framework of the Law of Obligations. The rules and elements are not the same as those set forth below under the Anglo-American common law tradition.
A lawsuit grounded in a claim of negligence might be brought, for example, by someone injured in an auto accident against another driver who he felt caused the accident by being reckless or irresponsible.
- Note: unless otherwise stated, this rest of this section refers to negligence under common law (not criminal negligence) in the common law as practiced in most of the jurisdictions of the United States.
Negligence in common law countries
Under law, negligence is usually defined in the context of jury instructions wherein a judge, in language he finds fitting, tells the jury that a party is to be considered negligent if he or she failed to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person, possessed of the same knowledge, would have exercised under the same circumstances. In most jurisdictions, it is necessary to show first that a person had a duty to exercise care in a given situation, and that he breached that duty.
In order to prove negligence, it is not necessary to prove harm, but in order for a cause of action to rest in tort, harm must be proven. Hence, it would be meaningless to sue someone for negligence if no harm resulted. Conversely, it is not enough that a harm was done. In order for the harm to be compensible in a negligence lawsuit, the defendant must be shown to have been negligent, and it must be demonstrated that his negligence was the proximate cause of the harm felt by the plaintiff.
The law holds that any reasonable person would, if able, follow the law. Consequently, as a matter of law, a person may be declared by a court liable as a matter of law ("negligence per se") if it is proven that he or she broke the law. For example, someone injuring another in an auto accident may be found negligent per se in a civil suit arising from the accident if he was convicted in criminal court of driving while intoxicated at the time of the accident.
It is often observed by practitioners in tort law that a prospective plaintiff who has a poor understanding of the foregoing principles will desire to see a significant monetary penalty applied as a result of the outrageousness of a defendant's act. He may feel that he "deserves" an award all out of proportion to his actual misfortune, because of the severe nature of the defendant's carelessness. This is a mistaken view of the authority of the law. Damages are awarded in proportion to the scope of the harm done, not the severety of the negligence. "But he was so careless, he could have killed me!" falls on deaf ears in American courts. Still, some negligent acts are recognized as a matter of law to be so egregious as to merit financial penalty over and above actual damages, in order to reform the conduct of a malicious or callously indifferent defendant, and, by example, others similarly disposed. This is the purpose of punitive damages. Such acts are rare indeed, well defined in the law of applicable jurisdictions, and limited to the exact conditions of the law under which they may be awarded.
Only when the severity of negligence rises to an extreme level (and then, only when harm results therefrom) might it meet the standards required under laws providing for punitive damages.
Components of a negligence cause of action
A negligence lawsuit involves many components which need to be considered before the success of the case can be determined. Proving negligence is far more complicated than it may seem.
When considering a negligence cause of action there are four primary elements which need to be viewed and covered thoroughly: (1)duty, (2) breach of duty, (3) causation, and (4) damages.
The duty element
(1) The duty element is the legal requirement that the person being sued for negligence must adhere to a standard of conduct in protecting others from unreasonable risk of harm.
It really is the legal obligation we have in our relationships with others. Different duties apply to different people.
- A parent has a duty to care for her children.
- A landlord has a duty to keep a residence habitable for her tenants.
- Each duty is applicable to the pertinent responsibility at hand.
- Professionals are held to a higher standard of care than the average person in society. These people take oaths in their professions and need to maintain that level of duty when they perform their professional activities.
The breach of duty element
(2) Breaching that duty is the second element to a negligence lawsuit. The question to be asked is: ''Would a reasonable person in a similar situation have done the same thing as the person being sued?'' To come to that conclusion both objective and subjective standards need to be considered.
- The objective standard of breach of duty only considers a hypothetical person and what her or his reasonable behavior might be.
- The subjective standard considers the actual person being sued and if she or he thinks they acted reasonably in the matter at hand.
The causation element
(3) The causation of negligence is the third critical element of the lawsuit. Both actual cause and proximate cause are considered. 'Actual cause asks the question of whether the person being sued, the defendant, was the actual cause of injuries sustained by the person initiating the lawsuit, the plaintiff. Proximate cause looks at the issue of foreseeability. When considering the event that has happened, it is asked whether or not the injuries sustained were foreseeable or too remotely connected to the incident to even consider.
The necessity for damages: element four
(4) The final element of a negligence lawsuit is the damages being sought. Damages are what the plaintiff is seeking in recovering for the incident resulting from the negligent act.
- Compensatory damages are designed to compensate the plaintiff for actual costs incurred. Of those, there are general and special damages.
- General damages are those like monetary compensation for the injury sustained.
- Special damages involve extra items such as material possessions loss from the negligent act.
- Nominal damages can also be awarded when negligence can be proven but there is not a quantifiable loss as a result of it.
- Punitive damages are those with the intent to punish the defendant. The hope is that awarding punitive damages will deter similar actions in the future both by the defendant and others similarly situated.
Legal procedures in negligence lawsuits
While most lawsuits are settled when a negligence lawsuit goes to trial, the judge will determine what the defendant's duty was to the plaintiff as a matter of law using the standard of reasonableness. If it is questionable what a reasonable person would do, in the United Staets jury picked by the adversaries (plaintiff and defendant) will consider the facts and render a decision as well as determine the quantum of damages. Sometimes the trier of fact will be the judge -- this has been the case in England since the 19th century and is generally the case in the other Commonwealth countries.
Procedures and law in civil law jurisdictions
There are some differences in the law of negligence in civil law jurisdictions, but the basic rules above are also applied in these delict cases. In civil law jurisdictions the procedure is more akin to an investigation with investigative judges will interview all parties and witnesses and then prepare reports to be submitted to a panel of judges for final decision. That decision may also be appealed several levels through a judicial hierarchy.
Leading Cases
- Donoghue v. Stevenson
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Negligence."
Synonyms: NegligentSynonyms: heedless, improvident, inattentive, inconsiderate, indifferent, neglectful, reckless, regardless, remiss, thoughtless. (additional references) |
| Antonym: diligent (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Neglect | Verb: be negligent; Adjective: take no care of; (take care of; ); neglect; let slip,let go; lay aside, set aside, cst aside, put aside; keep out of sight, put out of sight; lose sight of. |
Adjective: neglecting; Verb: unmindful, negligent, neglectful; heedless, careless, thoughtless; perfunctory, remiss; feebleness. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Negligent |
| English words defined with "negligent": delinquency, dereliction, Disregardful ♦ frowsy, frowzy ♦ Neglection, negligently ♦ Remissly ♦ Slatter, slovenly, Slowenly, Soss ♦ willful neglect. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "negligent": Bobbin ♦ Called ♦ directors' and officers insurance ♦ Neglect, Negligence ♦ Pawn-shop ♦ Rival ♦ SLATTERN. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "negligent": sloven. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You negligent monster (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Samuel Johnson | He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being poor. |
The Koran | Woe be unto those who pray, and who are negligent at their prayer: who play the hypocrites, and deny necessaries to the needy. |
William Shakespeare | Celebrity is never more admired than by the negligent. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | And therefore, though perhaps at first , (as shall be shewed more at large hereafter in the following part of this discourse) some one good and excellent man having got a pre -eminency amongst the rest, had this deference paid to his goodness and virtue, as to a kind of natural authority, that the chief rule, with arbitration of their differences, by a tacit consent devolved into his hands, without any other caution, but the assurance they had of his uprightness and wisdom; yet when time, giving authority, and (as some men would persuade us) sacredness of customs, which the negligent, and unforeseeing innocence of the first ages began, had brought in successors of another stamp, the people finding their properties not secure under the government, as then it was, (whereas government has no other end but the preservation of property) could never be safe nor at rest, nor think themselves in civil society, till the legislature was placed in collective bodies of men, call them senate, parliament, or what you please.* By which means every single person became subject, equally with other the meanest men, to those laws, which he himself, as part of the legislative, had established; nor could any one, by his own authority; avoid the force of the law, when once made; nor by any pretence of superiority plead exemption, thereby to license his own, or the miscarriages of any of his dependents.** No man in civil society can be exempted from the laws of it: for if any man may do what he thinks fit, and there be no appeal on earth, for redress or security against any harm he shall do; I ask, whether he be not perfectly still in the state of nature, and so can be no part or member of that civil society; unless any one will say, the state of nature and civil society are one and the same thing, which I have never yet found any one so great a patron of anarchy as to affirm. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | They were sneering and negligent. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Children | Switzerland | The mother's jail term was extended by another 3 months for abandonment and negligent homicide. (references) |
Civil Liberties | South Africa | A ruling by the Supreme Court in 1998 decreed that journalists who could prove that they had taken all the steps necessary to verify that the information they obtained was genuine and that the articles published as a consequence were reasonable and not negligent would not be liable for defamation. (references) |
Human Rights | Brazil | An official inquiry was opened into this case and the policeman was charged with negligent homicide; the case was awaiting trial at year's end. (references) |
Minorities | Germany | The trial of 11 rightwing extremists charged with the February 1999 death of Algerian asylum seeker Farid Guendoul in Brandenburg ended in November 2000 with the convictions of 8 defendants on charges of negligent homicide and of all 11 for lesser charges. (references) |
Women | Nepal | In a survey conducted by SAATHI, 42 percent of the respondents said that in their experience medical practitioners were uncooperative or negligent in cases of violence against women and girls. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Negligent" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Negligent" is used about 357 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 357 | 15,076 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "negligent": be negligent ♦ be negligent of one's duties ♦ criminal negligent ♦ negligent arson ♦ negligent assault ♦ negligent homicide ♦ negligent manslaughter. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "negligent"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | agterlosig (careless), agtelosig (careless), agteloos (careless). (various references) | |
Albanian | mospërfillës (cavalier, defiant, disdainful, flippant, impervious, indifferent, languid, neglectful, nonchalant, snooty, uninterested, unsympathetic), moskokëçarës (indifferent, inobservant, light, nonchalant, reckless, unsympathetic), i shkujdesur (blind, carefree, careless, casual, cavalier, devil may care, downbeat, easy, easygoing, fast, forgetful, happy go lucky, heedless, improvident, inadvertent, incautious, inobservant, lax, light hearted, lightsome, neglectful, remiss, slack, slaphappy, slipshod, thoughtless, traipse, trapes, unclean, unconcerned, unkempt, unladylike, unmindful, untidy), i pakujdesshëm (careless, imprudent, incautious, ownerless, reckless, remiss, unadvised, unguarded, unheeding). (various references) | |
Arabic | مهمل (abandoned, antiquated, careless, derelict, deserted, discarded, disregarded, disregardful, disused, forgetful, forgotten, forsaken, heedless, ignored, in disuse, inadvertent, inattentive, incautious, left out, left over, neglected, neglectful, no longer of use, obsolete, omitted, out of use, outdated, reckless, refuse, regardless, remiss, slack, sloven, unpointed, waste), مقصر مهمل (remiss), متهاون. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | нехаен (careless, cavalier, derelict, hit or miss, hit-and-miss, improvident, inadvertent, mindless, perfunctory, remiss, thoughtless, unmindful, unthinking), невнимателен (careless, distrait, forgetful, inadvertent, inattentive, inconsiderate, incurious, inobservant, inurbane, light hearted, neglectful, unattentive, unheeding, unkind), небрежен (careless, casual, floppy, heedless, lax, loose, neglectful, neglige, perfunctory, ragged, raunchy, regardless, remiss, skimpy, slack, slapdash, slipshod, slipslop, sloppy, slovenly, thoughtless, unheeding, untidy). (various references) | |
Chinese | 疏忽 (inadvertent, Negligence), 粗心大意 (careless, inadvertent), 疏 (sparse, thin), (careless, idle, lazy), 懈 (lax), 不在意 (careless, not mind, pay no attention to, take no notice of). (various references) | |
Czech | nonšalantní (casual, nonchalant), nedbalý (careless, casual, lax, neglectful, offhand, remiss, slack, sloppy, slovenly, unmindful), lhostejný (apathetic, casual, cold, coldly, detached, impassive, impervious, indifferent, insensible, lackadaisical, neglectful, nonchalant, phlegmatic, unconcerned, uninterested, unsympathetic). (various references) | |
Danish | uagtsom brandstiftelse (negligent arson). (various references) | |
Dutch | onachtzaam (careless, neglectful, remiss), nonchalant (careless, neglectful, remiss), nalatig (careless, neglectful, remiss). (various references) | |
Esperanto | neglektema (careless, neglectful, remiss), neatenta (careless), senatenta (careless), preterlasema (careless, neglectful, remiss), malzorga (careless, neglectful, remiss). (various references) | |
Farsi | فروگذار, مسامحه کار (Nonchalant), بی دقت (Careless, Tentless), برناس . (various references) | |
Finnish | velvollisuutensa unohtava (forgetful of one's duty), välinpitämätön (indifferent, perfunctory, unconcerned, uninterested), leväperäinen (neglectful), huolimaton (careless, heedless, slapdash, slipshod, sloppy, slovenly). (various references) | |
French | négligent (neglect, neglectful), distrait. (various references) | |
Frisian | sleau (careless). (various references) | |
German | nachlässigen, nachlässig (careless, carelessly, forgetful, inattentive, lackadaisical, lax, neglectful, neglectfully, negligently, remiss, slack, slipshod, sloppy, thoughtless), liederlich (cockish, dissipated, dissipatedly, dissolute, licentious, loose, raffish, ribald, slatternly, sloppy, slovenly, wanton, wantonly), fahrlässig (careless, negligently). (various references) | |
Greek | αμελήσ (careless, lax, neglectful, remiss), αμελής, απρόσεκτοσ (careless, dabbler, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive, incautious, mindless, perfunctory, reckless, regardless, slap dash, thoughtless, unguarded, unmindful, unwary). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מרושל (careless, frowzy, perfunctory, slack, slapdash, slipshod, slob, sloppy, slovenly, unkempt), רשלן (remiss, sloven), רשל י (careless, neglectful, remiss, slovenly). (various references) | |
Hungarian | hanyag (derelict, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive, inobservant, inofficious, insouciant, lax, neglectful, nonchalant, oblivious, perfunctory, remiss, slipshod, sloppy, slow, slubberer), nemtörődöm (happy-go-lucky, inattentive, insouciant, nonchalant), gondatlan (be negligent, careless, devoid of cares, floppy, happy go lucky, inadvertent, mindless, neglectful, perfunctory, regardless, slack, slap-dash, sloppy, unguarded, unheeding), felületes (cursory, desultory, flighty, frivolous, futile, perfunctory, scratchy, sketchy, skin deep, slipshod, sloppy, smattering, sophomoric, superficial). (various references) | |
Indonesian | teledor (reckless, untidy). (various references) | |
Irish | faillíoch. (various references) | |
Italian | negligente (careless, inadvertent, inattentive, lax, remiss, slack, slapdash, slaphappy), sbadato (careless, heedless, listless, scatterbrain, scatterbrained, unreflecting), noncurante (airy, careless, casual, indifferent, irrespective). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 疎漏 (careless), 杜漏 (careless), 忘れがち (forgetful, oblivious of), 忘れ勝ち (forgetful, oblivious of). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ずろう (careless), そろう (careless, carelessness, to be all present, to be equal, to become complete, to gather), わすれがち (forgetful, oblivious of). (various references) | |
Korean | 태만한. (various references) | |
Malay | lalai (careless). (various references) | |
Manx | neuyeidagh (indiscreet), meerioosagh (careless, forgetful, inattentive, regardless, remiss, thoughtless, thoughtless person). (various references) | |
Papiamen | deha (careless). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | egligentnay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | negligente (careless, derelict, devil-may-care, heedless, idle, inadvertent, inattentive, incurious, inobservant, lazy, loose, mindless, neglectful, perfunctory, reckless, regardless, slack, unheeding, unmindful, unwary), indiferente (aloof, callous, chill, chilly, chippy, cool, devil-may-care, freezing, frigid, frosty, immaterial, impassible, incurious, indifferent, insensitive, laodicean, listless, lukewarm, nonchalant, passive, pococurante, reckless, regardless, supine, unconcern, unconcerned, uninterested, unresponsive), distraído (absent-minded, abstracted, careless, distracted, distrait, distraught, inobservant, light-headed, unheeding, unthinking, wandering), desmazelado (frumpish, grubby, neglectful, remiss, slatternly, slipshod, slouch, slovenly, untidy), desleixado (careless, floppy, forgetful, frumpish, incurious, neglectful, remiss, slatternly, slipshod, sloppy, slouch, slovenly, uncared-for, untidy), descuidado (brainless, carefree, careless, casual, harebrained, heedless, inadvertent, incautious, light-minded, mindless, neglectful, perfunctory, reckless, regardless, remiss, scatterbrained, slapdash, sloppy, thoughtless, unheeding, unmindful, unthinking, untidy, unwary). (various references) | |
Romanian | nepãsãtor (airily, apathetic, apathetical, apathetically, careless, casual, devil may care, easy going, happy go lucky, heedless, impassible, impassive, inconsiderate, incurious, indifferent, indolent, insensible, insouciant, jaunty, lackadaisical, listless, neglectful, nonchalant, reckless, regardless, remiss, slack, slow, stolid, thoughtless, unmoved), neglijent (careless, casual, casually, derelict, floppy, forgetful, inadvertent, loose, neglectful, ragged, remiss, slack in duty, slacky, sleazy, slipshod, slothful, unheeding, unkempt, unmindful, untidy, unwary), neatent (absent minded, abstracted, abstractedly, careless, heedlessly, inadvertent, inadvertently, inattentive, inattentively, listless, neglectful, perfunctorily, regardless, scatterbrain, scatterbrains, thoughtless, unmindful), delãsãtor. (various references) | |
Russian | небрежный (careless, casual, devil-may-care, harum scarum, heedless, inadvertent, inexact, lax, loose, loose translation, neglectful, nonchalant, perfunctory, ragged, remiss, scratchy, slipshod, sloppy, unheeding, unkempt). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | nepažljiv (abstracted, feckless, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive, thoughtless, unheeding, unmindful), nemaran (careless, casual, debonair, delinquent, devil may care, easygoing, feckless, floppy, inattentive, incurious, indifferent, neglectful, reckless, slack, slipshod, sloppy), nehatan (careless, incurious, remiss, slovenly, unheeding), nehajan (hit or miss, nonchalant, unmindful), zapušten (foul, rusty, unkempt). (various references) | |
Spanish | descuidado (abandoned, careless, disregarded, heedless, incautious, incautiousness, lackadaisical, neglected, neglectful, overgrown, remiss, slovenly, thoughtless, unattending, uncared for). (various references) | |
Swedish | försumlig (delinquent, neglectful, negligencet, negligible, remiss). (various references) | |
Thai | โ"ยเผลอไป. (various references) | |
Turkish | umursamaz (conscience-proof, devil may care, disregardful, harum scarum, insensible, lax, light, neglectful, reckless, slapdash, thickskinned, unconcerned, unheedful), savsak (remiss, slovenly), lakayt (careless, indifferent, neglectful, nonchalant, reckless, slapdash), ihmalkâr (careless, derelict, forgetful, inattentive, neglectful, oblivious), ihmalci (careless, derelict, forgetful, inattentive, neglectful, oblivious, remiss, slack, unheedful). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | неуважний (absent, absentminded, abstracted, careless, distrait, erratic, faraway, forgetful, inadvertent, inattentive, inconsiderate, incurious, inobservant, mused, neglectful, oblivious, oscitant, outward, unmindful, vague), неохайний (chatty, dowdy, frowzy, frumpish, grubby, scruffy, slapdash, slattern, slatternly, slobbery, sloven, slovenly, soppy, squalid, unclean, uncleanly, unkempt, untidy), недбайливий (neglectful, remiss), недбалий (careless, casual, dishonest, heedless, inattentive, lax, neglectful, nonchalant, oscitant, overly, slovenly, unguarded), безтурботний (carefree, careless, cavalier, devil may care, easygoing, effortless, gay, happy go lucky, heedless, inadvertent, jaunty, light hearted, neglectful, nonchalant, placid, rollicking, serene, unconcerned, watchless). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | lơ đễnh (wool-gathering), cẩu thả (neglectful, remiss). (various references) | |
Welsh | esgeulus (neglectful). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | e-ba. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | dissoluta, dissolutae, dissolutas, dissolutis, dissolutum, dissolutus, improvidus, incuriosus. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | perfunctorius. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | recceleas. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 2 Peter Chapter 1, Verse 12 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Dio ouk amelhsw umaV aei upomimnhskein peri toutwn kaiper eidotaV kai esthrigmenouV en th paroush alhqeia |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Propter quod incipiam vos semper commonere de his et quidem scientes et confirmatos in praesenti veritate |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | For which thing Y schal bigynne to moneste you euere more of these thingis; and Y wole that ye be kunnynge, and confermyd in this present treuthe. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Wherfore I will not be necgligent to put you allwayes in remembraunce of soche thinges though that ye knowe them youre selves and be also stablisshed in the present trueth. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Wherefore I will not be negligent to put you always in remembrance of these things, though ye know them, and be established in the present truth. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Wherefore I will not be negligent to put you always in remembrance of these things, though ye know them, and are established in the present truth. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | For this reason I will be ready at all times to keep your memory of these things awake, though you have the knowledge of them now and are well based in your present faith. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 2 Peter Chapter 1, Verse 12 |
| Cebuano | ¶ Busa sa kanunay ako andam sa pagpahinumdum kaninyo niining mga butanga, bisan pa nga nasayud na kamo niini ug nalig-on na kamo sa kamatuoran nga inyong ginabatonan. |
| Croatian | Zato æu vas uvijek na to podsjeæati premda to znate i utvrðeni ste u primljenoj istini. |
| Danish | Derfor vil jeg ikke forsømme altid at påminde eder om delte, ihvorvel I vide det og ere befæstede i den Sandhed, som er til Stede hos os. |
| Dutch | Daarom zal ik niet verzuimen u altijd daarvan te vermanen, hoewel gij het weet, en in de tegenwoordige waarheid versterkt zijt. |
| Finnish | Sentähden minä aina aion muistuttaa teitä tästä, vaikka sen tiedättekin ja olette vahvistetut siinä totuudessa, joka teillä on. |
| French | Voil pourquoi je prendrai soin de vous rappeler ces choses, bien que vous les sachiez et que vous soyez affermis dans la vérité présente. |
| German | Darum will ich's nicht lassen, euch allezeit daran zu erinnern, wiewohl ihr's wisset und gestärkt seid in der gegenwärtigen Wahrheit. |
| Haitian Creole | ¶ Se poutèt sa, nou te mèt konnen bagay sa yo deja, nou te mèt kanpe fèm nan verite nou resevwa a, mwen p'ap janm manke fè nou chonje bagay sa yo. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Sebab itu, saya selalu mengingatkan kalian tentang hal tersebut, meskipun kalian sudah mengetahuinya dan percaya sekali kepada ajaran dari Allah yang telah kalian terima itu. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Oleh sebab itu senantiasalah aku akan bersedia mengingatkan kamu tentang segala perkara ini, walaupun kamu mengetahui semuanya, dan kamu tetap di dalam pengajaran yang benar sebagaimana sudah kamu terima. |
| Latvian | Tâdçï es nekad nerimðos jums to atgâdinât, kaut gan jûs to zinât un esat nostiprinâjuðies ðinî patiesîbâ. |
| Maori | ¶ Mo reira ano e kore ahau e mangere ki te whakamahara tonu i a koutou ki enei mea, e matau ana raia koutou, kua oti ano te whakau ki runga ki te mea pono, kei a koutou na. |
| Norwegian | Derfor vil jeg alltid komme til å minne eder om dette, enda I vet det og er grunnfestet i sannheten, som er hos eder; |
| Portuguese | Pelo que estarei sempre pronto para vos lembrar estas coisas, ainda que as saibais, e estejais confirmados na verdade que já está convosco. |
| Rumanian | De aceea voi fi gata sq vq aduc totdeauna aminte de lucrurile acestea, mqcar cq le wtiyi, wi sknteyi tari kn adevqrul pe care -l aveyi. |
| Russian | дМС ФПЗП С ОЙЛПЗ"Б ОЕ ЕТЕУФБОХ ОБ ПНЙОБФШ ЧБН П УЕН, ИПФС ЧЩ ФП Й ЪОБЕФЕ, Й ХФЧЕТЦ"ЕОЩ Ч ОБУФПСЭЕК ЙУФЙОЕ. |
| Shuar | ¶ Tuma asamtai nékarminin tura Yusna nekas ana Nuyá kanaatsrumnin tuke Enentáimtikratjarme. |
| Spanish | Por eso, siempre habré de traeros estas cosas a la memoria, aunque vosotros las sabéis y estáis afirmados en la verdad que está presente en vosotros. |
| Swahili | Kwa hiyo nitaendelea kuwakumbusheni daima mambo haya, ingawa mmekwisha yafahamu, na mko imara katika ukweli mlioupokea. |
| Uma | ¶ Toe-mi ompi', nau' ni'inca moto-mi hawe'ea toe lau, pai' nau' moroho-mi petuku' -ni hi tudui' to makono, aga uma palaia-na kupopokiwoii oa' -koi. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "negligent": negligently. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "negligent": nonnegligent. (additional references) | |
| |
"Negligent" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Angligena, neglegent, negligenc, negligennt, negligenter, Neligan, Nelligan. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "negligent" (pronounced ne"glujunt) |
| 6 | -l u j u n t | intelligent. |
| 5 | -u j u n t | intransigent. |
| 4 | -j u n t | agent, argent, astringent, cogent, contingent, convergent, detergent, diligent, divergent, emergent, exigent, indigent, indulgent, insurgent, pageant, pungent, reagent, Regent, resurgent, sergeant, stringent, tangent, urgent. |
| 3 | -u n t | aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, ambient, ambivalent, amendment, amusement, ancient, announcement, annulment, antecedent, antidepressant, antigovernment, antioxidant, apartment, apparent, appeasement, applicant, appointment, apportionment, ardent, argument, armament, arraignment, arrangement, arrant, arrogant, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, accompaniment, accomplishment, abandonment, abatement, aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, accountant, accouterment, achievement, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, adamant, adherent, adjacent, adjournment, adjustment, adjutant, adolescent, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, afferent, affiant, affluent, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assessment, assignment, assistant, assortment, astonishment, atonement, attachment, attainment, attendant, banishment, basement, battlement, belligerent, bemusement, beneficent, benevolent, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, blatant, bombardment, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, claimant, clairvoyant, Clement, client, coefficient, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, complement, compliant, component, comportment, concealment, concomitant, concurrent, condiment, confident, confinement, confluent, consequent, consignment, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, containment, contaminant, contentment, contestant, continent, convalescent, convenient, convent, conversant, coolant, copayment, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, curtailment, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impairment, impatient, impeachment, impediment, impertinent, implement, important, impotent, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, debarment, debasement, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, deferment, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, department, dependent, deployment, deportment, depressant, derailment, descendant, descendent, despondent, detachment, determent, determinant, deterrent, detriment, development, deviant, different, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disarmament, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, discordant, discouragement, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disengagement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinfectant, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, disobedient, dispersant, displacement, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divestment, docent, dominant, dormant, easement, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, element, elephant, eloquent, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emigrant, eminent, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encouragement, encroachment, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, endowment, enforcement, engagement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlargement, enlightenment, enlistment, enrichment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrant, entrapment, entrenchment, environment, equipment, equivalent, errant, escapement, escarpment, esculent, establishment, estrangement, evanescent, evident, excellent, excitement, excrement, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, experiment, exponent, extant, extinguishment, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, figment, filament, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, formant, fragment, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, fulfillment, gallant, garment, garnishment, giant, government, grandiloquent, grandparent, harassment, hesitant, hydrant, incessant, incident, incipient, incitement, inclement, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, increment, incumbent, indecent, independent, indictment, indifferent, indignant, indolent, inducement, inefficient, infant, informant, infotainment, infrequent, infringement, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, installment, instant, instrument, insufficient, integument, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, internment, intersegment, intolerant, invariant, investment, involvement, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, judgement, judgment, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, ligament, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, maltreatment, management, measurement, merchant, micromanagement, migrant, militant, miscreant, misgovernment, misjudgment, mismanagement, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monovalent, monument, mordant, movement, mutant, nascent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nongovernment, nonmanagement, nonpayment, nonresident, nonviolent, nourishment, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, ointment, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, ornament, orpiment, outpatient, outplacement, overconfident, overpayment, overstatement, oxidant, parchment, parent, parliament, participant, patent, patient, pavement, payment, peasant, penchant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, pigment, piquant, placement, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, postponement, postretirement, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predicament, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prejudgment, prepayment, prescient, present, presentment, prevalent, procurement, proficient, prominent, pronouncement, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, punishment, pursuant, puzzlement, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, readjustment, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearmament, rearrangement, reassessment, reassignment, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recruitment, recurrent, redeployment, redevelopment, redundant, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refrigerant, refurbishment, regiment, registrant, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repayment, repellent, repentant, replacement, replenishment, repugnant, requirement, resentment, resettlement, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, restatement, resultant, retardant, reticent, retirement, retrenchment, reverent, rodent, rudiment, ruminant, sacrament, salient, seafront, sealant, sediment, segment, semipermanent, sentiment, Sequent, serpent, servant, settlement, shipment, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, statement, stimulant, strident, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplement, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, temperament, tenant, tenement, testament, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, tournament, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, treatment, trenchant, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, vehement, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant, wonderment. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-g-g-i-l-n-n-t" | |
-1 letter: gentling, gleeting. | |
-2 letters: gentile, lenient, neglige. | |
-3 letters: elegit, engine, geeing, gentil, gentle, giglet, leggin, lenten, linnet, niggle, teeing, tingle. | |
-4 letters: elint, elite, genet, genie, gleet, glint, ingle, inlet, legit, liege, linen, tenge, tinge. | |
-5 letters: gelt, gene, gent, gien, gilt, glee, gleg, glen, leet, lent, lien, line, ling, linn, lint, lite, nene, nine, nite, teel, teen. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-g-g-i-l-n-n-t" | |
+1 letter: neglecting. | |
+2 letters: lengthening, negligently. | |
+3 letters: enlightening, genuflecting, nonnegligent. | |
+4 letters: outgeneraling. | |
+5 letters: roentgenologic, unenlightening. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Bible Trace | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
