Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Merchant |
MerchantNoun1. A businessperson engaged in retail trade. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "merchant" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | MERCHANT, n. One engaged in a commercial pursuit. A commercial pursuit is one in which the thing pursued is a dollar. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Bible | Merchant The Hebrew word so rendered is from a root meaning "to travel about," "to migrate," and hence "a traveller." In the East, in ancient times, merchants travelled about with their merchandise from place to place (Gen. 37:25; Job 6:18), and carried on their trade mainly by bartering (Gen. 37:28; 39:1). After the Hebrews became settled in Palestine they began to engage in commercial pursuits, which gradually expanded (49:13; Deut. 33:18; Judg. 5:17), till in the time of Solomon they are found in the chief marts of the world (1 Kings 9:26; 10:11, 26, 28; 22:48; 2 Chr. 1:16; 9:10, 21). After Solomon's time their trade with foreign nations began to decline. After the Exile it again expanded into wider foreign relations, because now the Jews were scattered in many lands. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Mining | A metal merchant, as distinct from a producer's agent or broker, often acts as a principal, buying metal or concentrate from producers and others and selling it to others. The merchant will often hold metal on personalaccount while waiting for a buyer. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The various ideas about economic policy that flourished in the early modern period are often referred to as mercantilism or as the mercantile system. These ideas stemmed from bullionism, a theory that precious metals equal wealth.The term was coined by the economist Adam Smith in 1776, from the latin word mercari, which means "to run a trade", from merx, meaning "commodity". It was initially used solely by critics, such as Smith.
Mercantilists believed:
The main corollary to these precepts, which would define international relations for centuries, was that the key for a country to gain more precious metals was for that country to have a favourable balance of trade. Each had to export more goods and services than it imported, unless of course it could just produce a lot of its own precious metals. For example, England established colonies in the western hemisphere partly in order to have an internal source of timber, rather than depending on purchases from the Baltic area; this was important in ship-building, and thus in maintaining naval power. Mercantilism fueled colonialism under the belief that a large empire was the key to wealth.
- that European countries are in direct competition,
- that whichever country has the most wealth wins that competition, and
- that gold and silver bullion are synonymous with wealth.
A key tenet of mercantilism was that exporting raw or unfinished materials disadvantaged a nation, as greater wealth would result by performing manufacturing work within that nation. Thus for instance England banned the export of unfinished cloth to the Netherlands.
Reliance on foreign trade also appeared harmful. To deal with this England passed the Navigation Acts which forbade any ship that was not English, or carrying goods produced in its own nation, from entering English ports. The effect was to restrict the ability of English colonies to trade with nations other than England.
Mercantilism also fueled the intense violence of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe. Since the level of world trade was viewed as fixed, it followed that the only way to increase a nation's trade was to take it from another. A number of wars (for example, the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Franco-Dutch Wars) can be linked directly to mercantilist theories.
One key complaint of American revolutionaries in the late 18th century related to the British use of tariffs. Mercantilist theory implies that if one wants as much gold as possible in one's empire, it won't do for one's colonies to give gold to others for those others' goods. Thus, trade restrictions limited commerce with outside powerss, forcing colonists to buy finished goods only from their ruling power, and keeping prices higher than Adam Smith would have viewed as efficient. The presence of a small Caribbean island (St Eustace) owned by the Dutch, who had supported the idea of free trade since the days of Hugo Grotius (1583 - 1645), played a major role in the revolution that followed. The island was open to all and had no tariffs whatsoever. Its governor decided to salute the SS Andrea Doria, a ship under the flag of the Continental Congress.
Adam Smith's Invisible Hand and liberal theory of economics gradually put an end to the dominance of mercantilism. Liberalism and mercantilism were fundamentally at odds on one key issue. Mercantilism stated that all the world's people must compete for the world's limited wealth. Adam Smith believed that wealth and trade was a non-zero-sum game, which essentially means that because needs are different, two parties involved in a transaction could each actually gain, because the exchanged items were more valuable to their new owners. Bullionism dictated that gold was gold—period. Thus, what one party gained, the other party had to give up (i.e., the zero-sum game assumption). Smith felt that gold was really nothing more than yellow rock that was valuable only because there wasn't much of it. Most economists now agree with Smith.
Elements of mercantilist theory have still remained in economic discourse throughout the years. One still cannot dispute that there is a limited amount of gold in the world and, more importantly today, a limited amount of oil. A key motivator of Japan's World War II expansionism, for example, was the need to acquire control of natural resources such as minerals, timber, oil and rubber, which the Japanese islands lacked in bulk. Latin America's Cold-War Populism, and import substitution economic schemes, along with past and present Marxist theories, rest on the belief that the colonial economic structures still remain in place, with raw-goods exporters at odds with what equates to finished-goods exporters. (McDonald's product, for example, is in its own way a sort of a finished good.)
The economist John Maynard Keynes also saw a great deal of good in mercantilism. While Adam Smith rejected the idea of bullion being more than just another commodity, Keynes saw an inflow of gold and silver as being beneficial. He argued that greater gold reserves would lead to increased borrowing and lower rates of interest that would both stimulate growth and aid government borrowing. Keynes also adopted the essential idea of mercantilism that government intervention in the economy was a necessity. A number of political parties embraced Keynes' theories, and they came into force under Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal program in the United States and also under Britain's Labour government after the Second World War.
Mercantilist theory also influences the notion that trade surpluses are automatically good and that trade deficits are automatically bad. Some economists argue that Japanese trade policy in the 1970s and 1980s was in large part based on mercantilist concepts and that these policies form one of the causes of Japanese economic stagnation in the 1990s.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mercantilism."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves.A merchant class characterises many pre-modern societies. Its status can range from high (even achieving titles like that of merchant prince or nabob) to low (note the soiling capabilities of "mere" trade).
See also: commerce, mercantilism
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Merchant."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The merchant marine is a group of sailors who are responsible for the transfer of imports and exports for a specific country. The military status of these sailors varies by country.See: United States Merchant Marine
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Merchant Marine."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
MERCHANT | English | Methods in electronic retail cash handling using advanced network technologies | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: MerchantSynonym: merchandiser (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Combatant | Tender; store ship, troop ship; transport, catamaran; merchant marine. |
Merchant | Noun: merchant, trader, dealer, monger, chandler, salesman; changer; regrater; shopkeeper, shopman; tradesman, tradespeople, tradesfolk. |
Sale | Seller; vender, vendor; merchant; auctioneer. |
Ship | Man of war; (combatant); transport, tender, storeship; merchant ship, merchantman; packet, liner; whaler, slaver, collier, coaster, lighter; fishing boat, pilot boat; trawler, hulk; yacht; baggala; floating hotel, floating palace; ocean greyhound. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Please, Mr. Merchant of Death, sir, please, sell me something that will stink up my breath and my clothes and fry my lungs (Clerks.; writing credit: Kevin Smith) A soldier can reckon his success in victories, a merchant in money (Rembrandt; writing credit: Carl Zuckmayer; June Head) Champagne flowing down just like rain, Caviar breakfasts every day. Merchant banks and yachts at Cannes (Tommy; writing credit: Pete Townshend; Ken Russell) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Merchant of Venice (1973) Ted Weems and His Merchant Marine Band (1944) Merchant Seamen (1941) The Dixie Merchant (1926) Our Merchant Marine (1916) | |
Song Titles | Carnival (performing artist: Natalie Merchant) Jealousy (performing artist: Natalie Merchant) Kind & Generous (performing artist: Natalie Merchant) Wonder (performing artist: Natalie Merchant) Just Can't Last (performing artist: Natalie Merchant) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Operator using Dorsey Fathometer with flashing light method Merchant Marine Bulletin No. 9, May 1931. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Rosenberg ashore with natives and Chinese merchant. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | "The MINNESOTA"in Puget Sound. This vessel was the largest United States merchant vessel at the time this photograph was taken. In: "Puget Sound and Western Washington Cities-Towns Scenery", by Robert A. Reid, Robert A. Reid Publisher, Seattle, 1912. P. 69. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | A large break-bulk merchant vessel docking at sunset at Lake Charles. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Figure 42. Hopfgartner and Arzberger sounder, devised by Lieutenant Franz von Hopfgartner of the Austrian Merchant Marine and Moriz Arzberger, a civil enginee r, this apparatus used the same principle as aneroid barometers which utilized the pressure difference between a wall, isolated or not, and the exterior medium . It was tested in 1876 in the Gulf of Trieste in depths up to 17 meters. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | General view of circular stair, first floor, from the north. Photograph by Jack E. Boucher, September 1971. (Reproduction Number: HABS IN,39-MAD,1-11) This beautiful freestanding spiral staircase climbs from the first floor to the attic of the Captain Charles L. Shrewsbury House. Both the staircase and the house were designed by the architect Francis J. Costigan, a native of Baltimore who had moved to Indiana in 1837. Captain Shrewsbury, a wealthy shipping merchant who owned a fleet of Ohio River steamboats, raised his family of six children in this house and often welcomed state officials and other prominent citizens as his guests. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Cast iron column; column capital. Measured drawing delineated by U. J. Theriot and A. Boyd Cruise, April 1940. (Reproduction Number: HABS LA-53, sheet 21 of 26; negative number LC-USZA3-5) The cast-iron column and capital shown here in this HABS measured drawing are distinguishing features of the Le Pretre Mansion in the famous French Quarter of New Orleans. Built around 1836, the mansion is named after its second owner, Jean Baptiste Le Pretre, a local merchant who added the second- and third-story cast-iron balconies to the exterior after 1850. The mansion is also known for its high basement, the first of its kind to be built in the French Quarter. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | At Port Said, Egypt, 26 June - 11 July 1898, while serving with Rear Admiral Manuel de la Camara's Philippines relief expedition. She was a merchant ship, requisitioned for naval service during the Spanish-American War. The three smokestacks in the middle distance belong to the cruiser Carlos V. Credit: NAVY. |
 | At anchor in Augusta Bay, Sicily, on 17 March 1965. The large carrier, at right, is USS Saratoga (CVA-60). Other U.S. Navy ships visible include one Essex class attack aircraft carrier (CVA), two guided missile light cruisers (CLG), two guided-missile frigates (DLG), six destroyers (DD), two oilers (AO) and other auxiliaries. There are also several merchant ships present. Credit: NAVY. |  | Mansion of the Tartar merchant, Karym Khamitov (1894), which is now being converted into a cultural center for the region's Tartar population, Tomsk, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Charles Baudelaire | For the merchant, even honesty is a financial speculation. |
Jim Tully | The lawyer and the doctor and other professional men have often a touch of civilization. The banker and the merchant seldom. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | A freeman shall not be amerced for a slight offense, except in accordance with the degree of the offense; and for a grave offense he shall be amerced in accordance with the gravity of the offense, yet saving always his "contentment"; and a merchant in the same way, saving his "merchandise"; and a villein shall be amerced in the same way, saving his "wainage" if they have fallen into our mercy: and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed except by the oath of honest men of the neighborhood. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The German auxiliary cruisers and fleet auxiliaries enumerated below will be disarmed and treated as merchant ships. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The merchant walking to and fro in the back part of his stall, suggested the Eternal Father |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The State Bank of Pakistan has now allowed banks to open Internet Merchant Accounts within Pakistan. (references) | |
Moreover, the latter is not only the technology provider, but also serves as the merchant acquirer for the transactions. (references) | ||
These activities are expected to bring higher sales revenues and pave the way for Thailand to be a gateway for merchant marine shipping in the region. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | China | Internet entrepreneurs have complained that Government regulations controlling the Internet were so broadly written that MSS officials could find any Web page operator or e-commerce merchant guilty of violating regulations. (references) |
Cuba | The Government has a policy of denying exit permission for several years to relatives of individuals who successfully migrated illegally (e.g. merchant seamen who have defected while overseas and sports figures who have defected while on tours abroad). (references) | |
Economic History | Zimbabwe | The merchant and investment banks are quite sophisticated and agile. (references) |
Human Rights | Greece | The Ministry of Merchant Marine initiated disciplinary proceedings against one officer and two harbor guards. (references) |
Political Economy | Nigeria | The Igbos constitute a large percentage of the trading and merchant class in these cities. (references) |
Bahrain | However, Sunnis predominate politically and economically because the ruling family is Sunni and is supported by the armed forces, the security services, and powerful Sunni and Shi'a merchant families. (references) | |
Trade | Kenya | On paper, NBFIs operate as merchant or investment banks. (references) |
Australia | This places them in competition with brokerage houses and merchant banks. (references) | |
Norway | Venture capital and merchant banking are not highly developed, but do exist. (references) | |
Travel | Egypt | Egypt has its own merchant fleet. (references) |
Worker Rights | Tuvalu | The only registered trade union, the Tuvalu Seamen's Union, has about 600 members who work on foreign merchant vessels. (references) |
Bangladesh | In addition, under the Bangladesh Merchant Shipping Ordinance, seafarers may be forcibly conveyed on board ship to perform their duties. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | In addition to this voluntary provision for defense by individual citizens, it appears to me necessary to equip the frigates, and provide other vessels of inferior force, to take under convoy such merchant vessels as shall remain unarmed. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Complaints have been received that persons residing within the United States have taken on themselves to arm merchant vessels and to force a commerce into certain ports and countries in defiance of the laws of those countries. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | A few instances have occurred of such depredations upon our merchant vessels by privateers or pirates wearing the Grecian flag, but without real authority from the Greek or any other Government. |
Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 | The merchant, the shipmaster, and the manufacturer discovered and disclosed to our statesmen and to the people that commercial emancipation must be added to the political freedom which had been so bravely won. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I will recommend heavier reliance on competition in transportation and a new policy for our merchant marine. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Our stand for peace is suspect if we are also the principal arms merchant of the world. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Merchant" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.35% of the time. "Merchant" is used about 1,839 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.35% | 1,827 | 4,647 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.65% | 12 | 101,599 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,839 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "merchant" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Merchant | Last name | 6,000 | 2,147 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "merchant". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Canaan | N/A | Biblical | Merchant |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| China | China Merchant Shekou Holdings Co. Ltd. | Malaysia | United Merchant Group Berhad |
| South Korea | Hyundai Merchant Marine Co., Ltd. | United Kingdom | London Merchant Securities, P.L.C. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "merchant": a wine merchant ♦ builder's merchant ♦ coal merchant ♦ Commission merchant ♦ Feme sole merchant ♦ gossip merchant ♦ grain merchant ♦ Hong merchant ♦ law merchant ♦ merchant bank ♦ merchant bar ♦ merchant dealer ♦ merchant flag ♦ merchant fleet ♦ merchant iron ♦ merchant marine ♦ merchant navy ♦ merchant of death ♦ merchant prince ♦ Merchant service ♦ merchant service or Merchant marine ♦ merchant ship ♦ merchant ship communication system ♦ merchant ship control zone ♦ merchant steel ♦ merchant tailor ♦ merchant vessel ♦ merchant vessels ♦ oil merchant ♦ porn merchant ♦ raff merchant ♦ retail merchant ♦ rug merchant ♦ salt merchant ♦ scrap merchant ♦ speed merchant ♦ statute merchant ♦ timber merchant ♦ tobacco merchant ♦ trader or merchant ♦ wholesale merchant ♦ wine merchant. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "merchant": merchant-bank, merchant-banker, merchant-bankers, merchant-banking, merchant-capitalist, Merchant-ivory, merchant-navy, merchant-princes, merchant-ship, merchant-shipper, merchant-venturer. | |
Ending with "merchant": ex-merchant. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "merchant"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | sakeman (businessman), handelaar (businessman). (various references) | |
Albanian | tregtar (businessman, chapman, commercial, dealer, marketeer, mercantile, monger, negotiant, outfitter, seller, shopkeeper, shopman, trader, tradesman, vender, vendor), tip (bloke, case, cast, character, cove, cuss, denomination, dog, dude, exemplar, exponent, guy, joker, kind, lad, model, nature, persona, sort, type), shitës i rëndësishëm, shitës (clerk, monger, salesclerk, salesman, seller, shop assistant, trader, tradesman, trafficker, vender, vendor), që shitet lehtë (merchantable), komercial (commercial, mercantile), dyqanxhi (shopkeeper, shopman, storekeeper, tradesman), biznesmen (businessman). (various references) | |
Arabic | تجاري (commercial, mercantile, trade), تجر ب, تاجر (commercialize, deal, dealer, mercantile, merchandise, merchantman, sell, seller, shopkeeper, storekeeper, trade, trader, tradesman, traffic), صاحب حانوت. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | търговски (commercial, shopping, trade), търговец на едро (jobber, trader, wholesaler), търговец на дребно (retailer), търговец (businessman, dealer, shopkeeper, store-keeper, trafficker), запалянко (fan, freak, hound, rooter), любител (addict, amateur, connoisseur, dilettante, fancier, ham, hound, laic, lover, outsider). (various references) | |
Catalan | comerciant. (various references) | |
Chinese | 賈 (to buy), 客商. (various references) | |
Czech | obchodník (businessman, dealer, monger, trader, tradesman). (various references) | |
Danish | købmand (businessman). (various references) | |
Dutch | zakenman (businessman), koopman (businessman), handelaar (businessman). (various references) | |
Esperanto | negocisto (businessman), komercisto. (various references) | |
Farsi | تاجر (Businessman), سوداگر (Trader, Tradesman), دادوستدکردن (Trade, Transact, Vend), بازرگان (Businessman, Trader). (various references) | |
Finnish | tukkukauppias (wholesale dealer), liikemies (businessman), kauppias (dealer, shopkeeper, storekeeper, tradesman). (various references) | |
French | négociant, commerçant (mercantile). (various references) | |
German | Kaufmann (businessman, merchandiser, small storekeeper, trader), Händler (businessman, dealer, dealers, monger, purchasers, salesman, salesperson, shopkeeper, store owner, trader, tradesman). (various references) | |
Greek | έμπορας, έμποροσ (Chandler, dealer, merchandiser, monger, trader). (various references) | |
Guarani | ñemuha. (various references) | |
Hawaiian | biznesmen (businessman). (various references) | |
Hebrew | ת'רן (dealer), ת'ר (dealer, seller, trader), סוחר (businessman, dealer, seller, trader, tradesman). (various references) | |
Hungarian | kereskedelmi (commercial, commercial case, mercantile, mercurial, trade, trading). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pedagang (dealer, trader). (various references) | |
Italian | commerciante (businessman, clothier, dealer, monger, trader, tradesman, tradeswoman). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 商人 (shopkeeper, trader). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぎょうしゃ (trader), マーチャント , しょうばいに" (expert, professional), しょうに" (acknowledgement, advancement, agreement, approval, child, consent, holy priest, promotion, recognition, saint, shopkeeper, small person, trader, witness), しょうか (anthem, berry, brothel, carol, commercial course, crystallization, digestion, extinguishing a fire, fire fighting, going up and down, high and low, hymn of praise, juicy fruit, mercantile house, nitrification, singing, slight mistake, songs, store, sublimation, summering, the government and the people), しじ" (city confusion, city dust, poet, private individual, resident, townsfolk), あきびと (shopkeeper, trader), あきうど (shopkeeper, trader), あきゅうど (shopkeeper, trader), あき"ど (shopkeeper, trader), ちょうに". (various references) | |
Korean | 상인 (Dealer, marketer, merchandiser, trader). (various references) | |
Manx | saagh traghtee (merchant ship), marchan tey (tea merchant), marchan shenn eaddeeyn (rag merchant), marchan sheh (fur merchant, hide merchant), marchan grine (grain merchant), marchan geayil (coal merchant, coalman), marchan feeyney (wine merchant), marchan arroo (corn merchant), kionneyder prashey (scrap metal merchant), grineyder (corn merchant), delleyder shenn yiarn (scrap metal merchant), delleyder ooill (oil merchant), creckeyder feeyney (vintner, wine merchant). (various references) | |
Norwegian | kjøpmann (grocer). (various references) | |
Papiamen | negoshante (businessman), komersiante. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | erchantmay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | comerciante (business person, businessman, commercialese, seller, shopkeeper, stockbroker, storekeeper, trader, tradesman, trafficker), negociante (business person, businessman, coper, dealer, negotiant, seller, shopkeeper, stockbroker, storekeeper, trader, tradesman, trafficker, vintner). (various references) | |
Romanian | tip (bird, bloke, card, cast, category, chap, character, cove, cuss, customer, design, devil, fellow, guy, Johnny, joker, kidney, letter, make, model, norm, sort, soul, specimen, standard, symbol, type), negustor (dealer, licensed victualler, monger, seller, shopkeeper, trader, tradesman), individ (bird, bloke, body, character, cove, cuss, customer, devil, dog, egg, fellow, guy, individual, individuality, man, odd fish, party, perisher, person, queer fish, self, specimen, strange fish, subject, Wight), gagiu, de negoţ, comerciant (dealer, outfitter, shopkeeper, trader, tradesman), amator iubitor. (various references) | |
Romany | tooj ri. (various references) | |
Russian | ходкий (marketable, merchantable, salable), торговый (commercial, trade), торговец коммерческий, купеческий, купец (marketeer, tradesman), коммерческий (all stock, all-stock, commercial, mercantile), лавочник (shopkeeper, shopman, storekeeper, tradesman). (various references) | |
Scottish | marsanta (dealer in wares). (various references) | |
Sepedi | mmapatai. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | trgovac (bargainer, dealer, marketeer, monger, stockist, trader, trafficker), trgovački (commercial, mercantile, trading), privrednik (businessman, tradesman). (various references) | |
Spanish | comerciante (bargainer, businessman, charge d'affaires, dealer, entrepreneur, handler, merchandiser, merchandizer, seller, trader), negociante (businessman, dealer, negotiant, tradesman). (various references) | |
Swedish | köpman (banian, business man, trader), handlare (dealer, dealers, seedsman, shopkeeper, storekeeper, tradesman). (various references) | |
Tagalog | mángangalakál (businessman). (various references) | |
Thai | เกี่ยวการค้า, พ่อค้า. (various references) | |
Turkish | ticari (commercial, mercantile, trading), ticarete ait, tacir (monger, trader), tüccar (commercial man, dealer, monger, trader, tradesman). (various references) | |
Turkmen | sцwdager, sцwdagar (businessman, trader). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | торговець (bargainer, dealer, merchandiser, merchandizer, monger, salesman, seller, trader, tradesman, trafficker, vendor), торговий (commercial, trade), купець (negotiant, negotiator), крамар (shopkeeper, shopman, storekeeper), комерційний (commercial). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | nh buôn (trader), lái buôn, buôn bán (retired), buôn (mercantile). (various references) | |
Welsh | masnachwr (dealer), marsiandwr, marchnatawr. (various references) | |
Zulu | usomabhizinizi (businessman). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | dam-gar, tibira. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | mercator, mercatores. (various references) |
| Sanskrit | 300 BCE-Modern | vanija. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | ciepemann. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 13, Verse 45 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Palin omoia estin h basileia twn ouranwn anqrwpw emporw zhtounti kalouV margaritaV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Iterum simile est regnum caelorum homini negotiatori quaerenti bonas margaritas |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Eft is heofene riche gelic þam mangereþe sohte þt gode meregrot |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Eftsoone the kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to a marchaunt, that sechith good margaritis; |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Agayne ye kyngdome of heve is lyke vnto a marchaunt that seketh good pearles |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly pearls: |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking goodly pearls: |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a trader searching for beautiful jewels. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 13, Verse 45 |
| Cebuano | "Usab, ang gingharian sa langit sama sa usa ka magpapatigayon nga nangitag mga hamiling mutya; |
| Croatian | "Nadalje, kraljevstvo je nebesko kao kad trgovac traga za lijepim biserjem: |
| Danish | Atter ligner Himmeriges Rige en Købmand, som søgte efter skønne Perler; |
| Dutch | Wederom is het Koninkrijk der hemelen gelijk aan een koopman, die schone paarlen zoekt; |
| Finnish | Vielä taivasten valtakunta on kuin kauppias, joka etsi kalliita helmiä, |
| French | Le royaume des cieux est encore semblable un marchand qui cherche de belles perles. |
| German | Abermals ist gleich das Himmelreich einem Kaufmann, der gute Perlen suchte. |
| Haitian Creole | Peyi Wa ki nan syèl la, se tankou yon machann k'ap chache bèl grenn pèl. |
| Hungarian | Ismét hasonlatos a mennyeknek országa a kereskedõhöz, a ki igazgyöngyöket keres; |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | "Apabila Allah memerintah, keadaannya seperti perumpamaan ini: Seorang pedagang mencari mutiara-mutiara yang berharga. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Dan lagi kerajaan surga itu seumpama seorang saudagar yang mencari mutiara yang elok. |
| Italian | Il regno dei cieli è simile a un mercante che va in cerca di perle preziose; |
| Latvian | Vçl debesvalstîba pielîdzinâma tirgotâjam, kas meklç labas pçrles. |
| Manx Gaelic | Reesht ta reeriaght niau dy ve soylit rish marchan va shirrey pearlyn costal: |
| Maori | He rite ano te rangatiratanga o te rangi ki te kaihokohoko, e rapu ana i nga peara papai: |
| Norwegian | Atter er himlenes rike likt en kjøpmann som søkte efter gode perler, |
| Portuguese | Outrossim, o reino dos céus é semelhante a um negociante que buscava boas pérolas; |
| Rumanian | Kmpqrqyia cerurilor se mai aseamqnq cu un negustor care cautq mqrgqritare frumoase. |
| Shuar | `Shuar Yus akupeamunam pachiinkiatin Júnisaiti. Shuar kayachin ti Shíirman eak wekaana aintsankete. |
| Spanish | Además, el reino de los cielos es semejante a un comerciante que buscaba perlas finas. |
| Swahili | "Tena, Ufalme wa mbinguni umefanana na mfanyabiashara mmoja mwenye kutafuta lulu nzuri. |
| Swedish | Ytterligare är det med himmelriket, såsom när en köpman söker efter goda pärlor; |
| Uma | "Wae wo'o, ane kita' jadi' ntodea-na Alata'ala hi rala Kamagaua' -na, kajadi' -na hewa lolita rapa' toi: Ria hadua padaga to mpali' hanyala watu to rahanga' mutiara. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "merchant": merchantabilities, merchantability, merchantable, merchanted, merchanting, merchantman, merchantmen, merchants. (additional references) | |
| |
"Merchant" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: detchant, marchant, marchaunt, Marchena, Mceachan, Mechan, Mechata, Medchuana, meerkat, mercante, merchand, merchantry, merchaunte, merche, merchent, merkhet, Mirghani, Mirshani, Mochnant, Morcant, Murchan, murchant, Myrcha. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "merchant" (pronounced mer"khunt) |
| 4 | -kh u n t | ancient, penchant, trenchant. |
| 3 | -u n t | agent, aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, ambient, ambivalent, amendment, amusement, announcement, annulment, antecedent, antidepressant, antigovernment, antioxidant, apartment, apparent, appeasement, applicant, appointment, apportionment, ardent, argent, argument, armament, arraignment, arrangement, arrant, arrogant, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, accompaniment, accomplishment, abandonment, abatement, aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, accountant, accouterment, achievement, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, adamant, adherent, adjacent, adjournment, adjustment, adjutant, adolescent, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, afferent, affiant, affluent, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assessment, assignment, assistant, assortment, astonishment, astringent, atonement, attachment, attainment, attendant, banishment, basement, battlement, belligerent, bemusement, beneficent, benevolent, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, blatant, bombardment, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, claimant, clairvoyant, Clement, client, coefficient, cogent, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, complement, compliant, component, comportment, concealment, concomitant, concurrent, condiment, confident, confinement, confluent, consequent, consignment, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, containment, contaminant, contentment, contestant, continent, contingent, convalescent, convenient, convent, convergent, conversant, coolant, copayment, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, curtailment, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impairment, impatient, impeachment, impediment, impertinent, implement, important, impotent, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, debarment, debasement, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, deferment, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, department, dependent, deployment, deportment, depressant, derailment, descendant, descendent, despondent, detachment, detergent, determent, determinant, deterrent, detriment, development, deviant, different, diligent, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disarmament, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, discordant, discouragement, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disengagement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinfectant, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, disobedient, dispersant, displacement, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divergent, divestment, docent, dominant, dormant, easement, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, element, elephant, eloquent, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emergent, emigrant, eminent, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encouragement, encroachment, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, endowment, enforcement, engagement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlargement, enlightenment, enlistment, enrichment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrant, entrapment, entrenchment, environment, equipment, equivalent, errant, escapement, escarpment, esculent, establishment, estrangement, evanescent, evident, excellent, excitement, excrement, exigent, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, experiment, exponent, extant, extinguishment, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, figment, filament, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, formant, fragment, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, fulfillment, gallant, garment, garnishment, giant, government, grandiloquent, grandparent, harassment, hesitant, hydrant, incessant, incident, incipient, incitement, inclement, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, increment, incumbent, indecent, independent, indictment, indifferent, indigent, indignant, indolent, inducement, indulgent, inefficient, infant, informant, infotainment, infrequent, infringement, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, installment, instant, instrument, insufficient, insurgent, integument, intelligent, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, internment, intersegment, intolerant, intransigent, invariant, investment, involvement, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, judgement, judgment, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, ligament, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, maltreatment, management, measurement, micromanagement, migrant, militant, miscreant, misgovernment, misjudgment, mismanagement, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monovalent, monument, mordant, movement, mutant, nascent, negligent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nongovernment, nonmanagement, nonpayment, nonresident, nonviolent, nourishment, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, ointment, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, ornament, orpiment, outpatient, outplacement, overconfident, overpayment, overstatement, oxidant, pageant, parchment, parent, parliament, participant, patent, patient, pavement, payment, peasant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, pigment, piquant, placement, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, postponement, postretirement, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predicament, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prejudgment, prepayment, prescient, present, presentment, prevalent, procurement, proficient, prominent, pronouncement, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, pungent, punishment, pursuant, puzzlement, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, readjustment, reagent, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearmament, rearrangement, reassessment, reassignment, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recruitment, recurrent, redeployment, redevelopment, redundant, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refrigerant, refurbishment, Regent, regiment, registrant, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repayment, repellent, repentant, replacement, replenishment, repugnant, requirement, resentment, resettlement, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, restatement, resultant, resurgent, retardant, reticent, retirement, retrenchment, reverent, rodent, rudiment, ruminant, sacrament, salient, seafront, sealant, sediment, segment, semipermanent, sentiment, Sequent, sergeant, serpent, servant, settlement, shipment, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, statement, stimulant, strident, stringent, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplement, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, tangent, temperament, tenant, tenement, testament, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, tournament, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, treatment, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, urgent, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, vehement, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant, wonderment. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-h-m-n-r-t" | |
-1 letter: chanter, manchet, marchen, matcher, rematch, tranche. | |
-2 letters: anthem, anther, canter, carmen, carnet, centra, hetman, manche, marten, nectar, rachet, recant, tanrec, thenar, trance, trench. | |
-3 letters: ament, antre, armet, caner, caret, carte, cater, chant, chare, charm, chart, cheat, chert, crane, crate, cream, earth, enact, hance, harem, hater, heart, herma, macer, mache, march, match, mater, meant. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-h-m-n-r-t" | |
+1 letter: merchants, parchment. | |
+2 letters: merchanted, parchments, preachment, rematching. | |
+3 letters: antechamber, charmingest, euchromatin, merchanting, merchantman, merchantmen, metanephric, preachments, trencherman. | |
+4 letters: aerenchymata, antechambers, chromonemata, countermarch, encroachment, euchromatins, merchantable, overmatching, parenchymata, reattachment, transhumance. | |
+5 letters: antirheumatic, archimandrite, arithmetician, chromonematic, chrysanthemum, cinematograph, encroachments, handcraftsmen, hermeneutical, histaminergic, hydromagnetic, hyperromantic, multibranched, rapprochement, reattachments, thermodynamic, thermonuclear, transhumances. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Frequency 15. Names: Derived from 16. Names: Company Usage | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
