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Definition: Left |
LeftAdjective1. Being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north; "my left hand"; "left center field"; on the left when facing downstream; "on the left bank". 2. Not used up; "leftover meatloaf"; "she had a little money left over so she went to a movie"; "some odd dollars left"; "saved the remaining sandwiches for supper"; "unexpended provisions". 3. Intended for the left hand; "I rarely lose a left-hand glove". 4. Of or belonging to the political or intellectual left. 5. On the left-hand side of a vessel or aircraft when facing forward; "the port side". Adverb1. Toward or on the left; "he looked right and left"; also figuratively; "the political party has moved left". Noun1. Location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east: "she stood on the left". 2. Those trying to overthrow the established order. 3. The hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left". 4. The piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left. 5. A turn to the left; "take a left at the corner". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "left" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Left \Left\, adjective. [Old English left, lift, luft; akin to Fries. leeft, Old Dutch lucht, luft; compare to Anglo-Saxon left (equiv. to Latin inanis), lyft[=a]dl palsy; or compare to Anglo-Saxon l[=e]f weak.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Fine Arts | In a stage direction, means the left-hand side of the stage facing the audience. The actor's left. In most theatres this is on the "prompt side". Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Left unlucky, Right lucky. The augur among the Romans having taken his stand on the Capitoline Hill, and marked out with his wand the space of the heavens to be the field of observation, divided the space into two from top to bottom. If the birds appeared on the left side of the division, the augury was unlucky, but if the birds appeared on the right side the augury was pronounced to be favourable. "Hail, gentle bird, turn thy wings and fly on my right hand" but the bird flew on the left side. Then the cat grew very heavy, for he knew the omen to be unlucky."- Reynard the Fox, iii. The Left, in the Legislative Assembly of France, meant the Girondists; it was famous for its orators. In the House of Commons the Opposition occupies the left-hand side of the Speaker. In the Austrian Assembly the democratic party is called The Left. Over the left. A way of expressing disbelief, incredulity, or a negative. The allusion is to morganatic marriages (q.v.). When a woman so married claimed to be a wedded wife, she was told that such was the case "over the left." (See below. Sinister (the left hand), meaning not straightforward, dishonest, is far older than morganatic marriages. The ancient Greek augurs considered all signs seen by them over the left shoulder to be unlucky, and foreboding evil to come Plutarch, following Plato and Aristotle, gives as the reason; that the west (or left side of the augur) was towards the setting or departing sun. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Left is a political classification describing a wide variety of political views. For more information, see Left-wing politics.The "left" includes:
In the United States the above are considered "far left". These positions that are in the centre of the European political spectrum are considered "moderate left"in the United States:
- the Old Left
- socialists
- Libertarian socialists
- communists
- Marxists
- Leninists
- western liberals
- Social Democrats
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Left."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Left-wing is the name given to socialist-type politics of all degrees.
Leftism, as it is also known, is a political orientation gained its name during the French Revolution. The aristocratic members of the Estates General or National Assembly would sit in the place of honor to the right of the Speaker, while the commoners would be relegated to the left. From this, "the right" came to mean support for aristocratic interests, or the ancien régime, while "the left" implied opposition to the same, such opposition including proto-laissez faire free marketeers (who in modern America are considered to be rightists) and communists (that is, commune-ists). At the time, the defining point on the ideological spectrum was the old order, on the right. On the near left stood people holding views similar to those of Edmund Burke, and on the far left massed a host of competing alternatives.
Traditionally, the left side of the political spectrum begins with modern liberalism, extending through social democrats and moderate socialists into communism. Many have disputed this arrangement as simplistic; they argue that Russian-style communism does not really belong on the left and should be viewed independently of the conventional spectrum or placed in the right as authoritarian dictatorship. This association has often been used by critics of democratic socialism or left-liberalism to argue that the political left is tarred with the crimes of bolshevism.
The European left has traditionally extended into Communist parties, which have sometimes allied with more moderate leftists to present a united front. In America, however, the left has been defined by labor unions and New Left activists rather than 19th century socialist ideas.
The 'New Left' has had varying degrees of unity since its rise in the 1960s, and encompasses several movements such as feminism which are not always recognized as leftist. Greens often deny that the 'left' label provides any useful cover or coherence, and build their green politics on a different set of assumptions. Usually, that local control is better than central, and only a few issues benefit from global unity. This further erodes the 'left' message.
Many critics of the left have said that leftist movements lost their mooring after the fall of the Soviet Union. Most leftists respond that they have never taken their inspiration from the Soviet model and were happy to see the USSR's system collapse -- as leftist writer Michael Albert put it, "one down, one to go".
Some leftists also subscribe to post-modernism and Nietzschean philosophies. This has been remarked on both by the right, which generally sees it as an indication of the poorly thought-out, fashionable nature of leftism, and by critics on the left who say postmodernism makes no sense and offers no useful political lessons.
See also
- Political spectrum
- Liberalism
- Socialism
- Communism
- Right-wing politics
- Libertarianism
- Anarchism
- Green politics
- Radical centrist politics
Other meanings
Right wing is also a player's position in sports such as soccer and ice hockey.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Left-wing politics."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Generally, something that is modular is constructed so as to facilitate easy assembly, flexible arrangement, and/or repair. For module in Linux see module (linux)
In abstract algebra, a left R-module consists of an abelian group (M, +) together with a ring of scalars (R,+,*) and an operation R × M -> M (scalar multiplication, usually just written by juxtaposition, i.e. as rx for r in R and x in M) such that
For all r,s in R, x,y in M, we have
Usually, we simply write "a left R-module M" or RM.
- (rs)x = r(sx)
- (r+s)x = rx+sx
- r(x+y) = rx+ry
- 1x = x
Some authors omit condition 4 for the general definition of left modules, and call the above defined structures "unital left modules". In this encyclopedia however, all modules are assumed to be unital.
A right R-module M or MR is defined similarly, only the ring acts on the right, i.e. we have a scalar multiplication of the form M × R -> M, and the above three axioms are written with scalars r and s on the right of x and y. If R is commutative, then the left R-module is the same as the right R-module and is simply called an R-module.
If R is a field, then an '\'R-module is also called a vector space. Modules are thus generalizations of vector spaces, and much of the theory of modules consists of recovering desirable properties of vector spaces in the realm of modules over certain rings. However, in general, an R''-module may not have a basis.
Examples
- Every abelian group M is a module over the ring of integers Z if we define nx = x + x + ... + x (n summands) for n > 0, 0x = 0, and (-n)x = -(nx) for n < 0.
- If R is any ring and n a natural number, then the cartesian product Rn is a module over R if we use the component-wise operations.
- If M is a smooth manifold, then the smooth functions from M to the real numbers form a ring R. The set of all vector fields defined on M form a module over R, and so do the tensor fields and the differential forms on M.
- The square n-by-n matrices with real entries form a ring R, and the Euclidean space Rn is a left module over this ring if we define the module operation via matrix multiplication.
- If R is any ring and I is any left ideal in R, then I is a left module over R.
Submodules and homomorphisms
Suppose M is an R-module and N is a subgroup of M. Then N is a submodule (or R-submodule, to be more explicit) if, for any n in N and any r in R, the product rn is in N (or nr for a right module).
If M and N are left R-modules, then a map f : M -> N is a homomorphism of R-modules if, for any m, n in M and r, s in R, f(rm + sn) = rf(m) + sf(n). This, like any homomorphism of mathematical objects, is just a mapping which preserves the structure of the objects.
Alternative definition as representations
If M is a left R-module, then the action of an element r in R is defined to be the map M → M that sends each x to rx (or xr in the case of a right module), and is necessarily a group endomorphism of the abelian group (M,+). The set of all group endomorphisms of M is denoted EndZ(M) and forms a ring under addition and composition, and sending a ring element r of R to its action actually defines a ring homomorphism from R to EndZ(M).
Such a ring homorphism R → EndZ(M) is called a representation of R over the abelian group M; an alternative and equivalent way of defining left R-modules is to say that a left R-module is an abelian group M together with a representation of R over it.
A representation is called faithful if and only if the map R → EndZ(M) is injective. In terms of modules, this means that if r is an element of R such that rx=0 for all x in M, then r=0. Every abelian group is a faithful module over the integers or over some modular arithmetic Z/nZ.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Module."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| LE | English | Left End | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: LeftSynonyms: larboard (adj), left over(p) (adj), left(a) (adj), left(p) (adj), left-hand(a) (adj), leftover (adj), odd (adj), port (adj), remaining (adj), unexpended (adj), left hand (n), left wing (n), leftfield (n). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: center (adj), starboard (adj), right (adv). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Amusement | Bower; right bower, left bower; dummy; jackpot; deck. |
Circumjacence | Adverb: around, about; without; on every side; on all sides; right and left, all round, round about. |
Concealment | Keep a secret, keep one's own counsel; hold one's tongue; (silence); make no sign, not let it go further; not breathe a word, not breathe a syllable about; not let the right hand know what the left is doing; hide one's light under a bushel, bury one's talent in a napkin. |
Deception | Adverb: under false colors, under the garb of, under cover of; over the left. |
Failure | Wide of the mark; (error); out of one's reckoning; (inexpectation); left in the lurch; thrown away; (wasted); unattained; uncompleted. |
Freedom | Adjective: free, free as air; out of harness, independent, at large, loose, scot-free; left alone, left to oneself. |
Indication | Keyboard symbols, printing symbols; red letter, italics, sublineation, underlining, bold font; jotting; note, annotation, reference; blaze, cedilla, guillemets, hachure; quotation marks, double quotes,"", parentheses, brackets, braces, curly brackets, arrows, slashes; left parenthesis, "("; right parenthesis, ")"; opening bracket, ""; left curly brace, "{"; right curly brace, "}"; left arrow, ""; right arrow, ""; forward slash, "/"; backward slash, "\"; exclamation point, "!"; commercial at, "@"; pound sign, "#"; percent sign, "%"; carat, "^"; ampersand, "&"; asterisk, ""; hyphen, "-"; dash, "-", "_"; em dash, "--"; plus sign, "+", equals sign, "="; question mark, "?"; period, "."; semicolon, ";", colon, ":"; comma, ","; apostrophe, "'"; single quote, "'"; tilde, "~". |
Laterality | Adverb: sideways, sidelong; broadside on; on one side, abreast, alongside, beside, aside; by the side of; side by side; cheek by jowl; (near); to windward, to leeward; laterally; Adjective: right and left; on her beam ends. |
Nonpayment | Pay under protest; button up one's pockets, draw the purse strings; apply the sponge; pay over the left shoulder, get whitewashed; swindle; run up bills, fly kites. |
Relinquishment | Adjective: relinquished; Verb: cast off, derelict; unowned, unappropriated, unculled; left; (residuary). |
Remainder | Verb: remain; be left; Adjective: exceed, survive; leave. |
Adjective:remaining, left; left behind left over; residual, residuary; over, odd; unconsumed, sedimentary; surviving; net; exceeding, over and above; outlying, outstanding; cast off; superfluous; (redundant). | |
Seclusion Exclusion | Unvisited, unintroduced, uninvited, unwelcome; under a cloud, left to shift for oneself, derelict, outcast. |
Sinistrality | Sinistrality; left, left hand, a gauche; sinister, nearside, larboard, port. |
Space | Adverb: extensively; Adjective: wherever; everywhere; far and near, far and wide; right and left, all over, all the world over; throughout the world, throughout the length and breadth of the land; under the sun, in every quarter; in all quarters, in all lands; here there and everywhere; from pole to pole, from China to Peru, from Indus to the pole, from Dan to Beersheba, from end to end; on the face of the earth, in the wide world, from all points of the compass; to the four winds, to the uttermost parts of the earth. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I'm afraid my condition has left me cold to your pleas of mercy (Batman & Robin; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) There's nothing left to explore (The Truman Show; writing credit: Andrew Niccol) Door on your left! (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski; Larry Wachowski) You who regrets nothing, you who feels nothing, if that's all I have left to learn, I can do that on my ownand as much as your invitation may appeal to me, I regretfully decline (Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles; writing credit: Anne Rice) They took turns beating him Until there was nothing left they cared to beat (Sleepers; writing credit: Barry Levinson) | |
Lyrics | Left and right (Left & Right Featuring Method Man And Redman; performing artist: D'Angelo) I left my heart in San Francisco ("I Left My Heart in San Francisco"; performing artist: Tony Bennett) Ya never left me alone, cause ya cared for me (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) We shouldn’t have left you (Try Again; performing artist: Aaliyah) I've left you, ooohhh (The Sign; performing artist: Ace Of Base) | |
Clever | Of the delights of this world man cares most for sexual intercourse, yet he has left it out of his heaven. (references; author: Mark Twain) Give God what's right, not what's left! (references; author: unknown) British Left Waffles on Falkland Islands (references; author: unknown) War never decides who is right, only who is left. (references; author: unknown) The average person's left hand does 56% of the typing. (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | They have left the thriftshop, and lost both their theatre tickets and the volume of valuable licenses and coupons for free theatrical frills and thrills. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Third Girl from the Left (1973) Critical Look at the New Left From Protest to Resistance (1968) Two Left Feet (1963) Cinderella on the Left (1962) Left Right and Centre (1959) | |
Song Titles | I LEFT MY HEART IN SAN FRANCISCO (performing artist: Tony Bennett ) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Min Chiu Li worked with Roy Hertz and treated choriocarcinoma with large doses of methotrexate. Li left NCI for NYC. Credit: Unknown photographer. |  | Mice were injected with mouse sarcoma cells amd treated 3 days later when many micro-metastatic tumor foci were evident in the lungs. Lungs on the left were treated with saline. The lungs on the right were treated with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells plus recombinant interleukin-2. Greater than 250 sarcoma metastases are seen in the lungs of saline treated mice. This number is significantly reduced to less than 12 in mice receiving LAK cells plus recombinant interleukin-2. Normal mouse lung is 1 inch long. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | A 1960s photograph of CDC epidemiologic field team members. Clockwise starting from the left foreground, doctors Pickering, Faillich, Marine, Wiley, Quade and Oren. Credit: CDC. |  | The compound microscope on the right is used to identify mounted specimens, while the stereoscopic microscope, along with chemicals on the left is used to observe living larvae captured from the field. Credit: CDC. |
 | Replica of Plaque Left on Moon by Apollo 17 Astronauts. Credit: NASA. |  | Gold Olive Branch Left on the Moon by Neil Armstrong. Credit: NASA. |
 | The Egg Nebula, also known as CRL 2688, is shown on the left as it appears in visible light ... Credit: NASA. |  | View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17.Probably the most requested picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo17 astronauts as they left earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972,it was the first time that the trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view ofthe south pole. Credit: NASA. |
 | This image was taken by Voyager as it left the Earth-Moon system and looked back. It was the first picture taken by a spacecraft which included both the Earth and Moon. Credit: NASA. |  | In a small corner of the vast Great Sandy Desert in Western Australia, large sand dunes -the only sand in this desert of scrub and rock- appear as lines stretching from left to right. The light-colored fan shapes are scars from wildfires. Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Left Behind" by Lynn Cummings Commentary: "From the series Winter Bouquets, a challenge to find beauty in the dead of winter, when nothing grows." | "Left to dry" by Luis Alves Commentary: "Clothes left to dry. --------------------------- Notice: You can use this image, but please send me an e-mail if you use it, I really like to know when and where it's used, thanks :-)." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Synthesized metal bell chord left to ring and diminuendo. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
(Decimus Junius Juvenalis) Juvenal | Integrity is praised and then left out in the cold. |
Augustus Caesar | I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble. |
Dante Alighieri | Here must all distrust be left behind; all cowardice must be ended. |
John Milton | Where no hope is left, is left no fear. |
John Ray | Industry is fortunes right hand, and frugality its left. |
Publilius Syrus | What is left when honor is lost? |
Susan B. Anthony | The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? |
Terence | Of my friends I am the only one left. |
Virgil | Unwillingly I left your land, O Queen. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | And if any one of the five and twenty barons shall have died or departed from the land, or be incapacitated in any other manner which would prevent the foresaid provisions being carried out, those of the said twenty five barons who are left shall choose another in his place according to their own judgment, and he shall be sworn in the same way as the others. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | If God has taken away all means of seeking remedy, there is nothing left but patience. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | In May 1785, a committee of Congress made a report recommending an alteration in the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken on it, and it was left to the State Legislatures to proceed in the matter. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his "natural superiors," and has left remaining no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous "cash payment." It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervour, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation. (reference) |
The Emancipation Proclamation | 1862 | Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit: Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued. (Abraham Lincoln) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Germany is forbidden to maintain or construct any fortifications either on the left bank of the Rhine or on the right bank to the west of a line drawn 50 kilometres to the East of the Rhine. (reference) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1937) |
Roe v. Wade | 1973 | For the stage prior to approximately the end of the first trimester, the abortion decision and its effectuation must be left to the medical judgment of the pregnant woman's attending physician. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Mr. Elton must now be left to himself |
Tangled Tale | Carroll, Lewis | And I noticed as the left foot went down at the heel, ever so much deeper than the other |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | His nephew left the room without an angry word, notwithstanding |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | "Anything," she said to herself as she left, "is better than this." |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Your sin is left behind you, in the days long past |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He was a wretch, a kind of mendicant musician, a lazy ragamuffin, who beat her, and who left her, as she had taken him, with disgust |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Stephen drew back his maimed and quivering right arm and held out his left hand |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | They left the men alone to figure and to wonder in the dust |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I might easily have stifled it with my coat, which I unfortunately left behind me for haste, and came away only in my leathern jerkin |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | I have also a small woodshed adjoining, made chiefly of the stuff which was left after building the house |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Leukoplakia on left buccal mucosa. (references) | |
Nodular leukoplakia in left commissure. (references) | ||
Yes. If left untreated, death will occur. (references) | ||
Business | Such conclusions are left to the reader. (references) | |
Fearing rearrest, Bao Ge left China in October. (references) | ||
However, some commercial area left open for future development. (references) | ||
Children | Indonesia | Usually, they are taken outside the city and left there. (references) |
Solomon Islands | Their protection and care are left to the traditional extended family and nongovernmental organizations. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | Many grandparents are left to care for the young, and in some cases, children or adolescents are heading families. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Kyrgyz Republic | Many of the original staff left to join Res Publica. (references) |
Afghanistan | Since October an estimated 300,000 more have left their homes. (references) | |
Morocco | Daddach had left the Polisario and voluntarily joined the military. (references) | |
Economic History | Maldives | The writing system is from right to left. (references) |
Guinea | The demolition left over 100,000 people homeless. (references) | |
Bolivia | Twelve years of tumultuous rule left the MNR divided. (references) | |
Human Rights | Albania | Bakalli left the country soon after. (references) |
Belarus | Alkayev subsequently left the country. (references) | |
Haiti | Camille shot Beaubrun and then left the scene. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Bangladesh | Tribal leaders also have expressed disappointment at the lack of progress in providing assistance to tribals who left the area during the insurgency. (references) |
Japan | The law also left the Ainu with control of only approximately 0.15 percent of their original land holdings and empowered the Government to manage communal assets. (references) | |
Minorities | Spain | Garcia and his family left Albaladejo. (references) |
Political Economy | Ukraine | The left as a rule is generally opposed to President Kuchma. (references) |
CHINA | The issuing entity is left with a large degree of discretion. (references) | |
Sweden | The party has a strong anti-EU stance and backs the political left. (references) | |
Political Rights | Macedonia | The ethnic-Macedonian SDSM party left the coalition in November. (references) |
Dominican Republic | Opposition groups of the left, right, and center operate openly. (references) | |
East Timor | The CNRT disbanded later in the year, when its members left the organization as the elections approached to campaign for their individual parties. (references) | |
Trade | Yemen | Imported equipment will be taxed if sold or otherwise left in Yemen. (references) |
Israel | Rates that had ranged from 25-85% were reduced to 5-45%. Purchase taxes on motor vehicles, fuel, tobacco and liquor of up to 90% were left unchanged. (references) | |
India | The rationale for the FTZ scheme envisages no interference by customs authorities in order to get the best from exporters when left without any bureaucratic interference. (references) | |
Travel | Guyana | Traffic moves on the left. (references) |
Mauritius | Traffic drives on the left. (references) | |
Trinidad | Driving is on the left side of the road. (references) | |
Women | Saudi Arabia | In practice such equality is left to the discretion of the husband. (references) |
Afghanistan | Some women could not afford the cost of a burqa, and thus had to remain at home or risk beatings if they left their houses uncovered. (references) | |
Chile | Since annulment implies that a marriage never existed under the law, former spouses are left with little recourse for financial support. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Nicaragua | However, within 1 month, all four CST board members had left the factory. (references) |
Nicaragua | These four also have left, allegedly because the CTN workers did not welcome them. (references) | |
Guinea-Bissau | In view of the high unemployment rate, a worker who left for such reasons could be replaced easily. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | AMBIDEXTROUS, adj. Able to pick with equal skill a right-hand pocket or a left. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | If Arthur Anderson has any dignity left, it was shredded along with everything else. |
Ed McMahon | You know, in those days, you couldn't say ass on television. You know, now, it's all over the place. But, then, they would bleep it. But Jimmy Stewart, they left it in. The censors left it in. |
Halle Berry | Life. Probably when I was ten, and my father, who had left us, came back to live with us for a year. That was probably one of the worst years of my life. |
Jesse Ventura | Well, I find that steps over the boundary, I think, of the public-private sector in a lot of ways. I think that, you know, it should be more left up to the individual establishment to determine whether they want smokers or don't. |
Robert Novak | A few weeks ago, Congressman Gephardt, on this program we asked Senator John Breaux of Louisiana if he was worried that the Democratic Party was drifting back to the left, and this is the answer he gave. Let's just listen to him. |
Rush Limbaugh | Now we're looking for new ways of being corrupted thanks to the Democrats on the left side of the aisle. |
Senator Carl Levin | Enron was a deceptive enterprise. Whether or not it's criminal or not is going to be left to a prosecutor or a Justice Department investigation and prosecution. |
Trisha Meili | I didn't go out through the front door of the courthouse. I went through an elevator down into a garage and got into a van and left that way. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Posterity may have cause to regret if from any motive intervals of tranquility are left unimproved for accelerating this valuable end. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | While noticing the irregularities committed on the ocean by others, those on our own part should not be omitted nor left unprovided for. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | To better their condition in an unknown land our forefathers left all that was dear in earthly objects. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | On the Presidential Coat of Arms, the American eagle holds in his right talon the olive branch, while in his left he holds a bundle of arrows. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | More money will be left in the hands of the consumer by a substantial cut in excise taxes. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Those who have been left out, we will try to bring in. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | For those left out of the economy because of discrimination, a lack of skills, or poverty, we must maintain high levels of training, and we must continue to provide jobs. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | It's time we reduce the federal budget and left the family budget alone. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Today too many of those people are being left out. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | And we look forward to the day that no child in this country is ever left behind. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Left" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 37.81% of the time. "Left" is used about 32,540 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 37.81% | 12,302 | 748 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 27.44% | 8,929 | 1,071 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 26.99% | 8,782 | 1,093 |
| Noun (common) | 6.54% | 2,129 | 4,091 |
| Adverb (general) | 0.99% | 321 | 16,086 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.24% | 77 | 37,929 |
| Total | 100.00% | 32,540 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "left" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Left | Last name | 130 | 62,465 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "left". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Ater | N/A | Biblical | Left hand |
| Samlah | N/A | Biblical | His left hand |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "left": about left face! ♦ about left turn! ♦ at the left ♦ battery left ♦ be left ♦ be left behind ♦ be left holding the baby ♦ be left holding the bag ♦ be left on the shelf ♦ be left out ♦ be left over ♦ be left penniless ♦ be left sitting ♦ be left stranded ♦ be left undone ♦ be left unexploited ♦ be left unsold ♦ be left with ♦ be on the left ♦ bear left ♦ bear to the left ♦ curve skewed to the left ♦ cut to the left ♦ drive on the left ♦ extreme left ♦ fall to the left ♦ far left ♦ flush left ♦ from the left ♦ get left behind ♦ go like this with your left hand ♦ go to the left ♦ half left turn! ♦ has no color left ♦ have left ♦ have left over ♦ have left wing tendencies ♦ he left ♦ he left his work undone ♦ he left home ♦ Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ♦ i have scarcely any left ♦ keep left ♦ keep to the left ♦ left about ♦ left about face! ♦ left alignment ♦ left alone ♦ left and right ♦ left arrow ♦ left at home ♦ left atrioventricular valve ♦ left atrium ♦ left atrium of the heart ♦ left back ♦ left bank ♦ Left bank of a river ♦ left behind ♦ left bower ♦ left brace ♦ left bracket ♦ left brain ♦ Left center ♦ left coronary artery ♦ left dress! ♦ left face ♦ left face! ♦ left field ♦ left fielder ♦ left gastric artery ♦ left gastric vein ♦ left half ♦ left hand ♦ left hand drive ♦ left handed ♦ left handed compliment ♦ left hemisphere ♦ left holding ♦ left in pawn ♦ left in the lurch ♦ left incline ♦ left intact ♦ left out ♦ left outer join ♦ left over ♦ left overs ♦ left parenthesis ♦ left seat ♦ left side ♦ left stage ♦ left to oneself ♦ left to shift for oneself ♦ left turn! ♦ left ventricle ♦ Left ventricular assist device ♦ left ventricular failure ♦ left wheel! ♦ left wing ♦ left winger ♦ logical shift left ♦ look left. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "left": left-alone, left-'and, left-and-a-right, left-and-right, left-angled, left-arm, left-armer, left-armers, left-back, left-backs, left-bank, left-behind, left-booted, left-bounding, left-brain, left-brain-dominated, left-brained, left-brainers, left-centre, left-circularly, left-controlled, left-dislocated, left-dominated, left-engine-out, left-eye, left-field, left-flank, left-foot, left-footed, left-footer, left-front, left-half, left-hand, left-hand drive car, left-hand page, Left-hand rope, left-hand side, left-hand-corner, left-hand-drive, left-handed, left-handed man, Left-handed marriage, left-handed person, left-handed pitcher, Left-handed screw, left-handedly, left-handedness, left-hander, left-handers, Left-handiness, left-hand-only, left-hand-side, left-hemisphere, left-hold, left-hook, left-hooker, left-inclined, left-is-right, left-justified, left-labour, left-labour-controlled, left-leaning, left-leg, left-liberal, left-liberals, left-luggage, left-luggage locker, left-luggage office, left-luggage-office, left-most, left-of-center, left-of-centre, Left-off, left-of-field, left-orientated, left-oriented, left-over, left-over food, left-overs, left-radical, left-republican, left-republicanism, Left-republicans, left-right, left-right-fire, left-side, left-sided, left-side-only, left-slanting, left-smashing, left-socialist, left-thinking, left-to, left-to-right, left-turn, left-ventricular, left-versus-right, left-ward, left-wing, left-wing orientated, left-wing party, left-wing policy, left-wing political party, left-wing tendencies, left-wing views, left-winged, left-winger, left-wingers, left-wingery, left-zionist. | |
Ending with "left": centre-left, far-left, hard-left, inside-left, outside-left, pasok-left, right-to-left, soft-left, ultra-left. | |
Containing "left": right-left-right, third-finger-of-the-left-hand, top-left-hand, two-left-feet. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
no child left behind | 1,295 | left hand | 67 |
left behind | 1,213 | lower left abdominal pain | 66 |
from left | 536 | hypertrophy left ventricular | 64 |
left eye | 396 | pain in left side | 62 |
left behind series | 317 | 28 day left | 62 |
no child left behind act | 295 | left handed scholarship | 59 |
left handed golf club | 272 | left brain | 57 |
left handed | 194 | drive ins left many | 54 |
left handed guitar | 189 | left wing | 53 |
dory left | 180 | hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 52 |
eye left lisa lopez | 169 | left bank | 52 |
eye left lisa lopes | 169 | left handed golf | 50 |
left marlin | 144 | abdomen left pain | 49 |
last house on the left | 122 | block branch bundle left | 49 |
left | 115 | left brain right | 48 |
right brain left brain | 108 | left handed keyboard | 48 |
left pain side | 100 | left eye pic | 48 |
left behind movie | 94 | left handed people | 44 |
left behind book | 74 | left arm pain | 44 |
eye left picture | 71 | eye left lisa | 42 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "left"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | linkerkant (left side), links (on the left, to, to the left). (various references) | |
Albanian | majtas (leftward, to the left). (various references) | |
Arabic | يساري (pink), يسار (wealth), مقاعد اليسار, اليسار, أيسر (left handed, sinister). (various references) | |
Aymara | ch'eqa ampara (left hand). (various references) | |
Basque | eskerreko. (various references) | |
Bavarian | links (on the left). (various references) | |
Breton | kleiz. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | удар с лявата ръка, оставен, останал (leftover, over, remanent, remaning, residual, residuary, stayed), наляво (about face, left face, leftward, to the left), лява ръка, ляв (left hand, port, sinistral), левичар (left winger, leftist), левица, леви елементи. (various references) | |
Catalan | esquerra. (various references) | |
Chinese | 左 . (various references) | |
Croatian | lijevoj. (various references) | |
Czech | vlevo. (various references) | |
Danish | til venstre (to the left). (various references) | |
Dutch | links (on the left), linker-. (various references) | |
Esperanto | restanta (abiding, left over, remaining), maldekstren (to the left), maldekstra flanko (left side), maldekstra (to the left). (various references) | |
Estonian | vasakule. (various references) | |
Faeroese | vinstri. (various references) | |
Farsi | چپ(.n&.adv&.adj), جناح چپ , درطرف چپ . (various references) | |
Finnish | vasen, vasempaan, vasemmanpuoleinen, tallella, jälkeenjättämä, jäljelle (over), jäljellä (over). (various references) | |
Flemish | links. (various references) | |
French | gauche (the left). (various references) | |
French Canadian | gauche. (various references) | |
Frisian | lofts (on the left, to the left), lofter-. (various references) | |
Galician | esquerda. (various references) | |
German | links (nearside, on the left, on the reverse side, on the wrong side, to the left, wrong side out, wrong side up), linke (left hand, left side, left winger, leftist, lefty). (various references) | |
Greek | έφυγα, που μένει, άφησα, αόρ. του leave, αριστερόσ (left hand, sinister, sinistrous), αριστερός (port), αριστερά (left hand). (various references) | |
Guarani | asu. (various references) | |
Haitian Creole | gòch, agoch. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מושאר (left over, remaining, remnant, residual), שמאלי (left handed, southpaw), שמאל. (various references) | |
Hungarian | bal. (various references) | |
Icelandic | vinstri. (various references) | |
Indonesian | sebelah kiri, kiri. (various references) | |
Irish | chlé. (various references) | |
Italian | sinistra (left side), sinistro (grim, sinister, spooky, unearthly), a sinistra (left hand, on the left). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | レバレッジ効果 (left wing, leverage effect, referee, referee's position, reference, reference book, reference service, reflector, reflex camera, repertoire, repertory, repertory system, review, reviewer, revue), 左党 (drinker, leftist, wine lover), 左側 (left hand side), 左側 (leftside). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | レフト , ひだりがわ (leftside), ひだりとう (drinker, leftist, wine lover), さそく (leftside), さとう (drinker, gradation, leftist, sugar, wine lover). (various references) | |
Korean | 좌. (various references) | |
Luganda | twavudde, kkono. (various references) | |
Luxembourgish | lénks. (various references) | |
Malagasy | miankavia (to go to the left). (various references) | |
Manx | toshtal (sinister), kiare (four, foursome, quadri, quadru-, quartette), er hostal, er chlee. (various references) | |
Maya | dziih-kab (left hand). (various references) | |
Norwegian | venstre (on the left). (various references) | |
Occitan | esquèr. (various references) | |
Papiamen | robes (on the left). (various references) | |
Pidgin English | left. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eftlay.(various references) | |
Polish | lewy. (various references) | |
Portuguese | esquerdo (left-hand, near), esquerda. (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | esquerda. (various references) | |
Quechua | lloq'eman (to the left). (various references) | |
Romanian | la stânga (left face, left turn, on the left), trecut şi participiu trecut de la leave, stânga (the left), stâng (left handed), radical (entirely, jacobin, radical, radically, root), din stânga (leftward), de stânga (leftist). (various references) | |
Russian | оставлять;и)уходить левый, левый (left hand, left wing, left-hand, leftist, left-wing, left-winger, port), левая сторона. (various references) | |
Scottish | clì (awkward : an car clì, strength, the left-hand turn, vigour), chlì. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | levo (leftward), levica (left hand, left wing), levi (left hand, levi), leva strana (port), udarac levom rukom, proš. vreme i particip od leave, ostati (bide, remain, stay), nalevo (left face, left: to the left). (various references) | |
Shona | ruboshwe (left hand). (various references) | |
Slovene | levo, levi. (various references) | |
Somali | bidix. (various references) | |
Sotho | letshehadi. (various references) | |
Spanish | izquierdo (near side), izquierda, por la izquierda (to the left). (various references) | |
Swahili | kushoto. (various references) | |
Swedish | vänster (left hand, left-hand, leftward, sinister, the left), kvar (behind, on, over, remaining, still). (various references) | |
Tagalog | kaliwâ, kaliwa. (various references) | |
Tahitian | 'aui. (various references) | |
Thai | ทางซ้ายมือ, ด้านซ้าย. (various references) | |
Turkish | sol (left hand, sinistro-). (various references) | |
Turkmen | зep (left side). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | наліво (leftwards, to the left), ліворуч (leftwards, to the left), лівий бік, лівий (left hand, leftist, sinistrous). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | về phía trái (left-hand, leftward, leftwards), về phía tả, trái; tả, phải hiểu trái lại, phía trái. (various references) | |
Welsh | chwith (sad, sorry, strange, wrong). (various references) | |
Wolof | càmmooñ. (various references) | |
Xhosa | ekhohlo. (various references) | |
Yucatec | ts'iika'an (to the left). (various references) | |
Zulu | ngakwesobunxele (left side), -bunxele. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | gub. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | levam, scevae, sinister, sinistra, sinistram, sinistris, sinistro, sinistrum. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | hâvôya, hôyum, haoyaca. (various references) |
| French | 1500-Modern | gauche. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 25, Verse 33 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai sthsei ta men probata ek dexiwn autou ta de erifia ex euwnumwn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et statuet oves quidem a dextris suis hedos autem a sinistris |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | & he ge-set þa sceap on hys swiðrenhealfe. & þa ticcene on his wenstren healfe. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And he schal departe hem atwynne, as a scheeperde departith scheep from kidis; and he schal sette the scheep on his riythalf, and the kidis on the lefthalf. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And he shall set the shepe on his right honde and the gotes on the lyfte. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And he will set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And he will put the sheep on his right, but the goats on the left. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 25, Verse 33 |
| Cebuano | ug ang mga karnero iyang pagapinigon sa iyang too, apan ang mga kanding anha sa iyang wala. |
| Croatian | Postavit æe ovce sebi zdesna, a jarce slijeva." |
| Danish | Og han skal stille Fårene ved sin højre Side og Bukkene ved den venstre. |
| Dutch | En Hij zal de schapen tot Zijn rechter hand zetten, maar de bokken tot Zijn linker hand. |
| Finnish | Ja hän asettaa lampaat oikealle puolelleen, mutta vuohet vasemmalle. |
| French | et il mettra les brebis à sa droite, et les boucs à sa gauche. |
| German | und wird die Schafe zu seiner Rechten stellen und die Böcke zu seiner Linken. |
| Hungarian | És a juhokat jobb keze felõl, a kecskéket pedig bal keze felõl állítja. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Orang-orang yang melakukan kehendak Allah akan dikumpulkan di sebelah kanan-Nya, dan yang lain di sebelah kiri-Nya. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Lalu dihimpunkan-Nya domba itu di sebelah kanan-Nya, tetapi kambing itu di sebelah kiri-Nya. |
| Italian | e porrà le pecore alla sua destra e i capri alla sinistra. |
| Korean | 양 은 그 오 른 편 에 염 소 는 왼 편 에 두 리 라 |
| Manx Gaelic | As soie-ee eh ny kirree er e laue-yesh, agh ny goair er e laue-chiare. |
| Maori | Ka whakaturia e ia nga hipi ki tona matau, ko nga koati ki maui. |
| Norwegian | og han skal stille fårene ved sin høire side, men gjetene ved den venstre. |
| Portuguese | e porá as ovelhas à sua direita, mas os cabritos à esquerda. |
| Rumanian | wi va pune oile la dreapta, iar caprele la stknga Lui. |
| Russian | Й РПУФБЧЙФ ПЧЕГ РП РТБЧХА уЧПА УФПТПОХ, Б ЛПЪМПЧ--РП МЕЧХА. |
| Shuar | Tura kachurtichunka, pénkera nuna, untsuuruini awajsartatjai. Tura kachurtinniaka, yajauchia nuna, menaaruini awajsartatjai. |
| Spanish | y pondrá las ovejas a su derecha, y los cabritos a su izquierda. |
| Swahili | Atawaweka kondoo upande wake wa kulia na mbuzi upande wake wa kushoto. |
| Swedish | Och fåren skall han ställa på sin högra sida, och getterna på den vänstra. |
| Uma | Tauna to mpobabehi konoa Alata'ala kupahantuda hi mali ka'ana-ku, pai' tauna topesapuaka hi mali ki'ii-ku. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "left": lefter, leftest, lefties, leftish, leftism, leftisms, leftist, leftists, leftmost, leftover, leftovers, lefts, leftward, leftwards, leftwing, lefty. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "left": antileft, cleft, ultraleft. (additional references) | |
Words containing "left": clefted, clefting, clefts, ultraleftism, ultraleftisms, ultraleftist, ultraleftists. (additional references) | |
| |
"Left" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: eft, elft, ietf, laff, lceft, leaft, lect, lectu, leef, leeft, leert, leet, lef, Le'f, lefa, lefe, leffe, lefi, lefte, leit, leot, lept, lert, leut, lewt, lezt, lfe, liff, lifti, Lofft, loftb, luf, luft, lufu, Lutfi, lvfa, lyf, lyff, lyft, meft, plift, qef, tefft, zeft. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "left" (pronounced le"ft) |
| 4 | l e" f t | cleft. |
| 3 | -e" f t | antitheft, bereft, deft, heft, theft. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: felt. | |
| Words within the letters "e-f-l-t" | |
-1 letter: eft, elf, fet, let, tel. | |
-2 letters: ef, el, et. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-f-l-t" | |
+1 letter: cleft, delft, felts, fetal, filet, fleet, flite, flute, flyte, lefts, lefty. | |
+2 letters: clefts, deftly, delfts, falter, fealty, featly, felted, festal, fetial, fettle, filets, fillet, filter, fleets, fletch, fliest, flited, flites, floret, fluent, fluted, fluter, flutes, flutey, flyted, flytes, foetal, folate, footle, futile, itself, lefter, lifted, lifter, lofted, lofter, refelt, reflet, stifle, telfer, trifle, unfelt. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Derived from 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Bible Trace 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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