Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Jungle |
JungleNoun1. An impenetrable equatorial forest. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "jungle" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Food & Agriculture | All types of forest or woodland, with particular reference to untended, indigenous forest. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Drum and bass (drum n bass, DnB) is an electronic music style. Drum and bass, originally an offshoot of the United Kingdom breakbeat hardcore and rave scene, came into existence when people mixed reggae basslines with sped-up hip hop breakbeats and influences from techno. Pioneers such as raggamuffin DJ General Levy and other DJs quickly became the stars of Drum and bass, then still called jungle. Producers such as Goldie and 4 Hero transformed the current art and turned drum and bass in more instrumental direction, spawning sub-genres like techstep and moving the genre closer to techno. Some of the more popular and defining artists include Shy FX, Aphrodite, Ed Rush & Optical, LTJ Bukem, Goldie, and Roni Size.
Musicology of drum and bass
The breakbeat is what loosely speaking defines the music as drum and bass. Generally speaking, this rhythm, stripped down to its raw bones is played using a kick drum sound and a snare, the tempo being at around 160 - 180 beats per minute with the beats on the 1, 3, 6, 7 quaver (or half) beats, alternating between the kick and the snare.
Drum and bass is also known as Jungle, a moniker stemming from a rough area in Kingston, Jamaica originally known as Concrete Jungle. It was likely named after this area due to the harshness or roughness of the beats and rhythm. By the mid-1990s, the term Jungle on the British scene had come to refer to a rougher, darker style of drum and bass influenced by the raggamuffin dance hall tradition and favouring ragga-style MCs, repetitive sampled drum loopss and distorted bass (rather than the melodic vocals, programmed drums and floaty synthesizer ambience common in so-called 'intelligent' drum and bass). Modern 'dark' drum and bass showcases highly programmed and complex beats running between 160 and 180 BPM, with synth leads that strongly emphasize the sub-bass frequencies, and frequently make use of various cuts and breaks in order to keep the dancing audience from becoming bored and losing energy.
There are many views of what constitutes "real" drum and bass as it has many scenes and styles within it, from heavy pounding bass lines to liquid funk and downright 'chilled out' elevator music. It has been compared with jazz where the listener can get very different sounding music all coming under the same music genre, because like drum and bass, it is more of an approach, or a tradition, than a style. Drum and bass, however, progresses at a rapid pace, tunes sounding old and of dated style after only a few years.
Relationship to other electronic music styles
Recently the drum and bass genre, evolving in the same manner as other electronic music sub-genres such as house, and Goa trance, has become much more specific as a genre and minimal. For example, whereas many rhythms and samples were utilized in older drum and bass (such as the "amen break"), most modern drum and bass features exclusively what is known as the funky drummer rhythm, and distorted bass lines with less melodic elements.
Intelligent Dance Music (also known as "IDM"), popularized by Aphex Twin, features many of the same types of rhythms used in drum and bass and is generally focused on complexity in programming and instrumentation. Amongst its main proponents include Squarepusher.
History
Drum and bass started in the UK cities of London and Bristol around 1992 and mainly came out of the house/hardcore music scenes with predominant musical influences being dub music and hip-hop. The drum and bass genre has gone through numerous mutations and sub-genrefications, making it one of the most diverse styles to rise out of the rave scene of the 1990s. It is played all over the world and is considered by some to be at its most progressive and cutting edge in London.
Beginnings in the UK
Early jungle music was referred to as breakbeat hardcore, which was an offshoot of uk rave music that focused on the breakbeat. As a more and more bass-heavy and uptempo sound developed, jungle began to develop its own seperate identity. The sound took on a very urban, raggamuffin sound, incorporating dancehall "ragga" style mc chants, dub basslines, but also increasingly complex, high tempo rapid fire breakbeat percussion. By 1995, a counter movement to the ragga style was emerging, dubbed "intelligent" jungle, and was embodied by LTJ Bukem and his Good Looking label. Intelligent jungle maintained the uptempo breakbeat percussion, but focused on more atmospheric sounds and warm, deep basslines over rough vocals or samples. At the same time, the ragga jungle sound mutated into a more stripped down hard percussive style, Hardstep, and its more hiphop and funk influenced sister style Jump-Up, while other artists pushed a smoother, dubby style of tune, reffered to as Rollers.
Through 1996, Hardstep and JumpUp sounds where popular in the clubs, while Intelligent jungle was pushing a sound more accessable to the home listener. Stylistically things kept getting more and more diverse, as well as crossbreading with other styles of jungle. In 1997, a funky, double-bass oriented sound came to the forefront, and gained some mainstream success with Roni Size's New Forms album winning the UK's Mercury Prize. On the other end of the spectrum, a new dark, technical sound in drum and bass was gaining popularity, championed by the labels Emotif and No U-Turn, and artists like Trace, Ed Rush and Optical, and commonly referred to as techstep. Techstep took new sounds and technololgies and applied them to jungle. It is characterized by sinister or science-fiction atmospherics and themes, cold and complex percussion, and dark basslines.
As the 1990s drew to a close, techstep came to dominate the drum and bass genre, becoming more minimal, and increasingly dark in tone, and the funky, commercial appeal represented by Roni Size back in 1997 was waning. By 2000, there was an increasing movement to "bring the fun back into drum and bass". There was a new revival of rave-oriented sounds, as well as remixes of classic jungle tunes that brought things full circle back to the origins. Although techstep continued to dominate, other substyles have gained ground over the first several years of the decade, including the highly techno oriented style of Konflict, the dub sounds of Digital and the house meets drum and bass flavor of Marcus Intallex.
Drum and bass outside the UK
One country to have recently developed a drum and bass is Brazil, with DJ Marky and DJ Patife amongst many others. The rhythms are strikingly similar to Latin music and putting a Latin sample to breakbeats works well. This has been somewhat commercialised with Shy FX's tune: "Shake Ur Body" taking the cliched latin piano from TV program Sex and the City and getting it into the mainstream (UK) charts with some pop sounding production. Another successful tune along similar Brazilian lines is "Don't Wanna Know", but the artist is from Essex (North of London), not Brazil.
Accessing drum and bass in the UK
Pursuing drum and bass in London, involves spending a lot of money on records. A single tune, usually on a 12 inch piece of vinyl costs about 6 pounds (in 2003) from Black Market Records one of the principle outlets, D'Arblay St, London W1. Clubbing is also very expensive. As of 2003, drum and bass on radio in London can be heard on Rude FM, Cool Fm (94.5) and Rude Awakening (104.3) are pirate radio stations that have been going for many years. Drum and bass also be heard on BBC Radio 1 (as of 2003, on Friday nights).
Notable artists
Notable DJs:
- AK1200
- Adam F
- Bad Company
- Dillinja
- Dieselboy
- Ed Rush
- Grooverider
- John B
- J Majik
- Konflict
- LTJ Bukem
- Matrix
- Optical
- Photek
- Roni Size
- ShyFX
Notable MCs:
- Andy C
- Bad Company
- DJ Dara
- DJ Die
- DJ Hype
- DJ Krust
- DJ Marky (Brazil)
- DJ Patife
- Fabio
- Fiver
- Grooverider
- Goldie
- Kenny Ken
- Mampi Swift
- Ray Keith
- ShyFX
- Storm
- MC Det
- Dynamite
- MC Fearless
- MC GQ
- MC Stamina
- Ragga Twins
- Shabba D
- Stevie Hyper D
- Skibadee
- T.C. Izlam
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Drum and bass."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The word Jungle can mean:
- A tropical forest with much undergrowth, see jungle (terrain)
- A style of electronic music, see jungle (music)
- A 1906 novel by Upton Sinclair is entitled The Jungle.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Jungle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Non technical term for describing the forest biome rainforest. A jungle is a forest of densely tangled plants (trees, vines, grasses and reeds). As a forest biome it is present in both equatorial and tropical climatic zones. The jungle has high biodiversity. The dense "jungle" of popular concept is associated with preclimax stages of the rainforest.
Link illustrating Biomes: Not yet removed but needs serious rewriting The jungle is almost like a forest but its more bigger and has rare animals and plants. A lot of people and especially scientists go to the jungle because they want to report what happens to the jungle, See rare plants and animals you never seen before, and to see how beautiful the jungle is.
- see also Rainforest
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Jungle (terrain)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Jungle is one of the most deviant and punkish forms of electronic music, employing unreasonably fast tempos (150-190 BPM is common), layering extended and mangled breakbeats on top of throbbing, authoritative basslines, often borrowed from reggae. Jungle borrows samples and styles from almost any type of music, assimilating them and bringing them into a completely different context.Jungle beats, originally cut from the hip hop breakbeats of the 70s and 80s, developed from their early form as equipment would allow. Many loop samplers around the time of Jungle's emergence would not accommodate beats faster than 150 BPM, and as technology adapted, artists made beats specifically for jungle, often out of beats sampled from old records. Drum machines were also employed, as their design allowed.
One of the original jungle breaks, a classic that is still in common use and misuse today, is the amen break, from a funk song called "Amen Brother". The energy and intensity of this particular breakbeat is a perfect example of what drives jungle and drum and bass.
Jungle vs. drum n bass
Jungle is a blanket term that covers drum and bass, jump up, dancehall, 2-step, drill n bass, ambient dnb and many other subgenres, all with different sounds and esthetics. Pure Jungle often employs an MC's rasta vocals and rapping. drum and bass tends to be more dark, while jump up and dancehall are geared more to dance club environments.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Jungle music."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Complexity | Noun: complexity; complexness; Adjective: complexus; complication, implication; intricacy, intrication; perplexity; network, labyrinth; wilderness, jungle; involution, raveling, entanglement; coil; (convolution); sleave, tangled skein, knot, Gordian knot, wheels within wheels; kink, gnarl, knarl; webwork. |
Vegetable | Bush, jungle, prairie; heath, heather; fern, bracken; furze, gorse, whin; grass, turf; pasture, pasturage; turbary; sedge, rush, weed; fungus, mushroom, toadstool; lichen, moss, conferva, mold; growth; alfalfa, alfilaria, banyan; blow, blowth; floret, petiole; pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Jungle |
| English words defined with "jungle": Borneo ♦ chicken ♦ domestic fowl ♦ fowl ♦ Gallus gallus ♦ jungle cock, jungle fowl, jungle hen ♦ Kalimantan ♦ mind-blowing ♦ poultry ♦ rank, red jungle fowl ♦ sloth bear, Spur fowl. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "jungle": jungle kid, junglist ♦ King of the Jungle ♦ partridges, peacocks, pheasants ♦ quails ♦ Weather. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Jungle" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (jungle), Dutch (jungle), French (jungle, wilderness). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I guess there's a few things I could do instead of basketball I could be a farmer I could be a missionary and go back to the jungle again (Space Jam; writing credit: Leonardo Benvenuti; Steve Rudnick) Beneath his black-rimmed glasses was the coiled sexual power of a jungle cat. I love this (Manhattan; writing credit: Woody Allen ; Marshall Brickman) I was in the jungle - the bush we called it - for approximately nine months (The In-Laws; writing credit: Andrew Bergman) Jungle red (The Women; writing credit: Anita Loos) Equally prepared for a military ball or the next war in the jungle. (The General's Daughter; writing credit: Christopher Bertolini) | |
Lyrics | Better run through the jungle, (RUN THROUGH THE JUNGLE; performing artist: Creedence Clearwater Revival) You're in the jungle baby (Welcome To The Jungle; performing artist: Guns N' Roses) Like that, quick as a cat in the jungle (Superman's Song; performing artist: Crash Test Dummies) It's like a jungle in this habitat (Forgot About Dre; performing artist: Dr. dre) And sent to camps back in the jungle (UNDERCOVER OF THE NIGHT; performing artist: Rolling Stones) | |
Clever | How to act insane: Put mosquito netting around your work area. Play a tape of jungle sounds all day. (references; author: unknown) A twofold national problem is how to preserve the wilderness in the country and get rid of the jungle in the cities. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | George of the Jungle (1997) The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) Columbo: The Greenhouse Jungle (1972) Jungle Erotic (1972) CID in jungle (1971) | |
Song Titles | Welcome To Jungle (performing artist: Guns N' Roses) Jungle Boogie (performing artist: Kool & The Gang) George of the Jungle (performing artist: Weird Al Yankovic) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Tower built around tree in the Philippine jungle. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | A good place for crocodiles and snakes Boat off the MARINDUQUE in a jungle stream. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Jungle vines on the edge of the trail to Akaka Falls. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | A scene reminiscent of the "green hell" of World War II - coral shoreline with heavy jungle vegetation growing within steps of the water. Credit: Small World. |
 | Jungle growth attempting to reclaim the ancient city of Nan Madol. Credit: Small World. |  | Deck hand Mike Theberge and two scientific observers cool off in a jungle stream on Isla Cocos. Credit: Small World. |
 | The jungle comes right down to the beach on Isla Cocos. Credit: Small World. |  | Jungle and rocky headland on Isla Cocos. Credit: Small World. |
 | Jungle on the high hills of Isla Cocos. Credit: Small World. |  | "SP4 Ruediger Richter (Columbus, Georgia), 4th Bn., 503 Inf., 173 Abn Bde (Separate), lifts his battle weary eyes to the heavens, as if to ask why? SGT. Daniel E. Spencer (Bend, Oregon) stares down at their fallen comrade. The day's battle ended, they silently await the helicopter which will evacuate their comrade from the jungle covered hills in Long Khanh Province." By Pfc. L. Paul Epley, 1966. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Jungle river" by Donall O'Cleirigh Commentary: "A deep jungle river." | "African Jungle" by Luke Wertz Commentary: "This is a scene just a few miles north of my house. I was walking with some friends and thought that was a pretty cool view." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Syncopated commercial style jungle piece. | | Someone walking through a jungle environment. |
| Jungle sounds. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Norman Mailer | Hip is the sophistication of the wise primitive in a giant jungle. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John F. Kennedy | 1961 | Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah--to "undo the heavy burdens [and] let the oppressed go free." And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The Aguaytia field is located in Block 31C, in the central jungle of Peru, and is the first natural gas project developed in Peru. It started operations in 1998, with proven reserves of 440,000 million cubic feet. It is part of an integrated gas and electricity project. (references) | |
Children | Peru | Among children and adolescents who live in poverty or extreme poverty, the corresponding figures are 51 percent for children ages 5 to 9 years old and 49.9 percent for children age 10 to 14. School nonattendance is highest in rural and jungle areas and affects girls more than boys. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Colombia | Vazquez had replaced Alfredo Abad Lopez, who was killed in a similar manner in December 2000, as the director of Voice of the Jungle radio station, a Caracol affiliate. (references) |
Economic History | Ecuador | Climate: Varied, mild year-round in the mountain valleys; hot and humid in coastal and Amazonian jungle lowlands. (references) |
Human Rights | Nepal | On December 7, 16-year-old Jitendra Tharu of Deudhakala, Bardiya District, was shot and killed by the RNA while cutting grass in the jungle. (references) |
Nepal | Local authorities imposed a curfew on October 1 and 2. In what may have been a staged encounter, on January 23, local police shot and killed five robbery suspects in a jungle in Bara District in the south. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Peru | Poor transportation and communications infrastructure in the highlands and in the Amazon jungle region makes political mobilization and organization difficult. (references) |
Travel | Peru | Travelers to the jungle areas of Peru should have up-to-date yellow fever vaccine and malaria prophylaxis. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | WEATHER, n. The climate of the hour. A permanent topic of conversation among persons whom it does not interest, but who have inherited the tendency to chatter about it from naked arboreal ancestors whom it keenly concerned. The setting up official weather bureaus and their maintenance in mendacity prove that even governments are accessible to suasion by the rude forefathers of the jungle. Once I dipt into the future far as human eye could see, And I saw the Chief Forecaster, dead as any one can be -- Dead and damned and shut in Hades as a liar from his birth, With a record of unreason seldom paralleled on earth. While I looked he reared him solemnly, that incadescent youth, From the coals that he'd preferred to the advantages of truth. He cast his eyes about him and above him; then he wrote On a slab of thin asbestos what I venture here to quote -- For I read it in the rose-light of the everlasting glow: "Cloudy; variable winds, with local showers; cooler; snow." Halcyon Jones |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
John McCain | Well, you've got a situation where the terrain is the most unfriendly, perhaps, of any place in the world, though you might argue that triple canopy jungle in Vietnam is just as difficult. But it is one of the most difficult. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | You know and I know that neither the president nor the Congress can properly oversee this jungle of grants-in-aid. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Jungle" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.88% of the time. "Jungle" is used about 897 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 97.88% | 878 | 8,097 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.67% | 15 | 90,616 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.33% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.11% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 897 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "jungle": clearing of jungle ♦ concrete jungle ♦ Jungle bear ♦ jungle cat ♦ jungle cock ♦ jungle fever ♦ jungle fowl ♦ jungle gym ♦ jungle hen ♦ jungle law ♦ jungle noises ♦ jungle rot ♦ jungle training ♦ jungle war ♦ law of the jungle ♦ red jungle fowl ♦ the law of the jungle. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "jungle": jungle-beasts, jungle-boots, jungle-born, jungle-dense, jungle-drummed, jungle-dumb, jungle-gym, jungle-like, jungle-living, jungle-skirmish, jungle-slugs, jungle-smart, jungle-wise. | |
Ending with "jungle": blackboard-jungle. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
jungle | 1,856 | jungle jims | 101 |
jungle book | 1,331 | jungle girl | 99 |
amazon jungle | 458 | jungle toy | 98 |
jungle book 2 | 370 | juice jungle recipe | 95 |
jungle cat | 283 | rum jungle | 90 |
jungle juice | 237 | jungle gyms | 88 |
amazon jungle tour | 236 | 2 george jungle | 80 |
george of the jungle | 220 | the jungle book dvd | 72 |
parrot jungle | 202 | sound of jungle | 69 |
jungle of costa rica | 201 | jungle sex | 68 |
jungle animal | 182 | jungle brother | 67 |
jungle safari | 164 | monkey jungle | 67 |
jungle picture | 163 | jungle expedition | 66 |
jungle gym | 150 | disney jungle book | 63 |
jungle jim | 144 | jungle theme | 59 |
jungle boot | 139 | upton sinclair the jungle | 57 |
jungle fever | 132 | jungle wallpaper | 54 |
jungle de ikou | 118 | book character jungle | 51 |
welcome to the jungle | 111 | queen of the jungle | 51 |
jungle music | 106 | jungle love | 51 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "jungle"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | xhungël, që jeton në xhungël. (various references) | |
Arabic | غابة كثيفة, أدغال, دغل (brushwood, bush, scrubland, thicket). (various references) | |
Aymara | yunca. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | от джунглата, на джунглата, за джунглата, жестока борба за съществуване, бъркотия (bungle, clutter, confusion, disarrangement, disturbance, dust, farrago, fuss, hash, havoc, huddle, hugger mugger, hurry-scurry, imbroglio, involution, involvement, jumble, maze, melee, mess, mess up, mishmash, mix, mix up, muddle, muss, patchwork, pell mell, razzle, razzle-dazzle, rout, salmagundi, skein, snafu, tangle, tumble, uproar, upset, welter), безскрупулно състезание, подобен на джунгла (jungly), джунгла. (various references) | |
Chamorro | bundak. (various references) | |
Chinese | 叢林 (thicket), 密林. (various references) | |
Czech | džungle. (various references) | |
Danish | jungle, bush (bush). (various references) | |
Dutch | rimboe, oerwoud (primeval forest), jungle. (various references) | |
Ecuadorian Quechua | sacha. (various references) | |
Esperanto | ĝangalo. (various references) | |
Faeroese | villskógur. (various references) | |
Farsi | جنگل (Forest, Greenwood, Timberland, Weald, Wood, Woodland). (various references) | |
Finnish | viidakko. (various references) | |
French | jungle. (various references) | |
German | dschungel, urwald (boondocks, primeval forest, virgin forest). (various references) | |
Greek | ζούγκλα. (various references) | |
Hebrew | ג'ונגל. (various references) | |
Hungarian | dzsungel (boondocks), trópusi erdő, trópusi őserdő (rain forest), csavargótanya, csavargótábor. (various references) | |
Indonesian | rimba (forest), hutan (forest, woods). (various references) | |
Italian | giungla (bush). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 草叢 (clump of bushes, grassy place, the bush, thicket), 叢 (clump of bushes, grassy place, the bush, thicket), ジャンク債 (gendarme, jacket, jambalaya, jump, jumper, jumpsuit, jungle-gym, junk bonds, junket), 密林 (close thicket, dense forest). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | くさむら (clump of bushes, grassy place, the bush, thicket), ジャングル , みつりん (close thicket, dense forest). (various references) | |
Korean | 정글. (various references) | |
Manx | doofyr. (various references) | |
Norwegian | jungel. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | unglejay.(various references) | |
Polish | dżungla. (various references) | |
Portuguese | selva (bush, primeval forest, wilderness), floresta (bush, forest, wood, woods), matagal (brake, brushwood, heath, shrubbery, thicket, undergrowth, weald). (various references) | |
Romanian | junglã. (various references) | |
Russian | джунгли. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | prašuma (virgin forest), koji pripada džungli, džungla. (various references) | |
Spanish | selva (forest). (various references) | |
Swedish | djungel. (various references) | |
Thai | ป่าทึบ, ภาวะที่ยุ่งยากซับซ้อน. (various references) | |
Turkish | sık orman, orman (forest, forestry, hurst, sylvan, woods), karışıklık (bedlam, bungle, cataclysm, chaos, clamor, clamour, clutter, commotion, complexity, complication, confusion, disarrangement, disorder, disorderliness, disorganization, disturbance, dogs dinner, embroilment, ferment, fermentation, fray, frenzy, fuss, fuss and kerfufle, grab bag, havoc, helter-skelter, higgledy-piggledy, huddle, hugger mugger, huggermugger, hurly burly, imbroglio, indiscrimination, intricacy, involution, kerfufle, maziness, mess, mishmash, misrule, mix, mix up, muddle, muss, perturbation, pie, pother, pretty kettle of fish, promiscuity, Ravel, riot, rough and tumble, ruckus, ruction, snafu, snarl, snarl up, stir, swirl, tangle, topsyturvy, topsyturvydom, tumble, turbidity, turbulence, unrest, upheaval, upset, wooliness, woolliness), hengâme (ballup, rat race, rout, ruckus, ruction, shambles, tailspin, tumult, turmoil, uproar). (various references) | |
Turkmen | jeссel (forest, wilderness). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | хаща (brake, thick, thicket, thick-set), джунглі. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sốt rét rừng (jungle fever). (various references) | |
Yucatec | k'aax (forest, woods). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sanskrit | 300 BCE-Modern | jangala-s. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "jungle": jungled, junglelike, jungles. (additional references) | |
| |
"Jungle" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Djungel, Dungloe, fungle, Hungalu, Jangley, jengle, jongle, Jonglei, Jonjoli, jugla, jugle, juglet, Jungen, jungled, jungli, kunzle, mungle. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "jungle" (pronounced ju"nggul) |
| 5 | -u" ng g u l | antifungal, fungal. |
| 4 | -ng g u l | angle, bangle, commingle, dangle, Dingle, disentangle, entangle, Spangle, strangle, swingle, tangle, Ingle, intermingle, jangle, jingle, Mangel, mangle, mingle, mongol, rectangle, shingle, single, tingle, triangle, untangle, wangle, wrangle. |
| 3 | -g u l | algal, bagel, beagle, bedraggle, boggle, Bogle, boondoggle, bugle, centrifugal, conjugal, eagle, extralegal, finagle, frugal, gaggle, giggle, goggle, gurgle, haggle, illegal, Spiegel, squiggle, straggle, struggle, jiggle, juggle, Kugel, legal, madrigal, milligal, mogul, Ogle, paralegal, prodigal, regal, smuggle, snuggle, toggle, wiggle, wriggle. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-g-j-l-n-u" | |
-1 letter: lunge. | |
-2 letters: genu, glen, glue, luge, lune, lung. | |
-3 letters: eng, gel, gen, gnu, gul, gun, jeu, jug, jun, leg, leu, lug. | |
-4 letters: el, en, ne, nu, un. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-g-j-l-n-u" | |
+1 letter: jungled, jungles. | |
+2 letters: jelutong, jongleur, junglier. | |
+3 letters: jelutongs, jongleurs, jungliest. | |
+4 letters: bejumbling, judgmental, julienning, junglelike, rejuggling. | |
+5 letters: conjugately, ejaculating. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Sounds | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Spoken | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
