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Definition: Judicial |
JudicialAdjective1. Decreed by or proceeding from a court of justice; "a judicial decision". 2. Belonging or appropriate to the office of a judge; "judicial robes". 3. Relating to the administration of justice or the function of a judge; "judicial system". 4. Expressing careful judgment; "discriminative censure"; "a biography ...appreciative and yet judicial in purpose"-Tyler Dennett. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "judicial" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Etymology: Judicial \Ju*di"cial\, adjective. [Latin expression judicialis, from judicium judgment, from judex judge: compare to Old French expression judicial. See Judge.]. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about the national government of the United States. For information about the state and local governments, see: Politics of the United States and the individual state entries.The government of the United States, established by the Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states. The national government consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The head of the executive branch is the President of the United States of America. The legislative branch consists of the United States Congress, while the Supreme Court of the United States is the head of the judicial branch.
The legal system of the United States is based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations.
Legislative branch
Article I of the Constitution grants all legislative powers of the federal government to a Congress divided into two chambers, a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of two members from each state as provided by the Constitution. Its current membership is 100. Membership in the House is based on each state's population, and its size is therefore not specified in the Constitution. Its current membership is 435.
The Constitution does not specifically call for congressional committees. As the nation grew, however, so did the need for investigating pending legislation more thoroughly. The 106th Congress (1999-2000) had 19 standing committees in the House and 17 in the Senate, plus four joint permanent committees with members from both houses: Library of Congress, printing, taxation, and economic. In addition, each house can name special, or select, committees to study specific problems. Because of an increase in workload, the standing committees have also spawned some 150 subcommittees.
The Congress has the responsibility to monitor and influence aspects of the executive branch. Congressional oversight prevents waste and fraud; protects civil liberties and individual rights; ensures executive compliance with the law; gathers information for making laws and educating the public; and evaluates executive performance. It applies to cabinet departments, executive agencies, regulatory commissions, and the presidency. Congress's oversight function takes many forms:
- Committee inquiries and hearings;
- Formal consultations with and reports from the president;
- Senate advice and consent for presidential nominations and for treaties;
- House impeachment proceedings and subsequent Senate trials;
- House and Senate proceedings under the Twenty-fifth Amendment in the event that the president becomes disabled, or the office of the vice president falls vacant;
- Informal meetings between legislators and executive officials;
- Congressional membership on governmental commissions;
- Studies by congressional committees and support agencies such as the Congressional Budget Office, the General Accounting Office, and the Office of Technology Assessment ? all arms of Congress.
Executive branch
Article II of the Constitution establishes the Executive branch of Government. The President is both the head of government, chief of state, and commander-in-chief. The current President and Vice President are George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, since January 20, 2001.
The office of president of the United States is one of the most powerful offices of its kind in the world. The president, the Constitution says, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." To carry out this responsibility, he presides over the executive branch of the federal government, a vast organization numbering about 4 million people, including 1 million active-duty military personnel. In addition, the president has important legislative and judicial powers. Within the executive branch itself, the president has broad powers to manage national affairs and the workings of the federal government.
The Executive Departments
The day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws is in the hands of the various executive departments, created by Congress to deal with specific areas of national and international affairs. The heads of the 15 departments, chosen by the president and approved by the Senate, form a council of advisers generally known as the president's "Cabinet." In addition to departments, there are a number of staff organizations grouped into the Executive Office of the President. These include the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. There are also a number of independent agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the Environmental Protection Agency.
The Constitution makes no provision for a presidential cabinet. It does provide that the president may ask opinions, in writing, from the principal officer in each of the executive departments on any subject in their area of responsibility, but it does not name the departments nor describe their duties. Similarly, there are no specific constitutional qualifications for service in the cabinet.
The cabinet developed outside the Constitution as a matter of practical necessity, for even in the days of George Washington, the country's first president, it was impossible for the president to discharge his duties without advice and assistance. Cabinets are what any particular president makes them. Some presidents have relied heavily on them for advice, others lightly, and some few have largely ignored them. Whether or not cabinet members act as advisers, they retain responsibility for directing the activities of the government in specific areas of concern.
Each department has thousands of employees, with offices throughout the country as well as in Washington. The departments are divided into divisions, bureaus, offices, and services, each with specific duties.
Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) supports agricultural production to ensure fair prices and stable markets for producers and consumers, works to improve and maintain farm income, and helps to develop and expand markets abroad for agricultural products. The department attempts to curb poverty, hunger, and malnutrition by issuing food stamps to the poor; by sponsoring educational programs on nutrition; and by administering other food assistance programs, primarily for children, expectant mothers, and the elderly. It maintains production capacity by helping landowners protect the soil, water, forests, and other natural resources.
USDA administers rural development, credit, and conservation programs that are designed to implement national growth policies, and it conducts scientific and technological research in all areas of agriculture. Through its inspection and grading services, USDA ensures standards of quality in food offered for sale. The department's Agricultural Research Service works to develop solutions to agricultural problems of high national priority, and it administers the National Agricultural Library to disseminate information to a wide cross-section of users, from research scientists to the general public.
The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) serves as an export promotion and service agency for U.S. agriculture, employing specialists abroad who make surveys of foreign agriculture for U.S. farm and business interests. The U.S. Forest Service, also part of the department, administers an extensive network of national forests and wilderness areas.
Department of Commerce
The United States Department of Commerce serves to promote the nation's international trade, economic growth, and technological advancement. It offers assistance and information to increase U.S. competitiveness in the global marketplace; administers programs to create new jobs and to foster the growth of minority-owned businesses; and provides statistical, economic, and demographic information for business and government planners.
The department comprises a diverse array of agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology, for example, promotes economic growth by working with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which includes the National Weather Service, works to improve understanding of the earth's environment and to conserve the nation's coastal and marine resources. The Patent and Trademark Office promotes the progress of science and the useful arts by securing for authors and inventors the exclusive right to their creations and discoveries. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration advises the president on telecommunications policy and works to spur innovation, encourage competition, create jobs, and provide consumers with better quality telecommunications at lower prices.
Department of Defense
Headquartered in The Pentagon, one of the world's largest office buildings, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) is responsible for all matters relating to the nation's military security. It provides the military forces of the United States, which consist of about 1 million men and women on active duty. They are backed, in case of emergency, by 1.5 million members of state reserve components, known as the National Guard. In addition, about 730,000 civilian employees serve in the Defense Department in such areas as research, intelligence communications, mapping, and international security affairs. The National Security Agency, which coordinates, directs, and performs highly specialized intelligence activities in support of U.S. government activities, also comes under the direction of the secretary of defense.
The department directs the separately organized military departments of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, as well as the four military service academies and the National War College, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and several specialized combat commands. DoD maintains forces overseas to meet treaty commitments, to protect the nation's outlying territories and commerce, and to provide air combat and support forces. Nonmilitary responsibilities include flood control, development of oceanographic resources, and management of oil reserves.
Department of Education
While schools are primarily a local responsibility in the U.S. system of education, the United States Department of Education provides national leadership to address critical issues in American education and serves as a clearinghouse of information to help state and local decisionmakers improve their schools. The department establishes policy for and administers federal aid-to-education programs, including student loan programs, programs for disadvantaged and disabled students, and vocational programs.
In the 1990s, the Department of Education focused on the following issues: raising standards for all students; improving teaching; involving parents and families in children's education; making schools safe, disciplined, and drug-free; strengthening connections between school and work; increasing access to financial aid for students to attend college and receive training; and helping all students become technologically literate.
Department of Energy
Growing concern with the nation's energy problems in the 1970s prompted Congress to create the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The department took over the functions of several government agencies already engaged in the energy field. Staff offices within DOE are responsible for the research, development, and demonstration of energy technology; energy conservation; civilian and military use of nuclear energy; regulation of energy production and use; pricing and allocation of oil; and a central energy data collection and analysis program.
The Department of Energy protects the nation's environment by setting standards to minimize the harmful effects of energy production. For example, DOE conducts environmental and health related research, such as studies of energy-related pollutants and their effects on biological systems.
Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which oversees some 300 programs, probably directly touches the lives of more Americans than any other federal agency. Its largest component, the Health Care Financing Administration, administers the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which provide health care coverage to about one in every five Americans. Medicare provides health insurance for 30 million elderly and disabled Americans. Medicaid, a joint federal-state program, provides health coverage for 31 million low-income persons, including 15 million children.
HHS also administers the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the world's premier medical research organization, supporting some 30,000 research projects in diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes, arthritis, heart ailments, and AIDS. Other HHS agencies ensure the safety and effectiveness of the nation's food supply and drugs; work to prevent outbreaks of communicable diseases; provide health services to the nation's American Indian and Alaska Native populations; and help to improve the quality and availability of substance abuse prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health services.
Department of Homeland Security
Created in 2002 and activated in 2003, the United States Department of Homeland Security is responsible for protecting the nation against attacks to the homeland. The department consolidates 22 previously separate agencies under the authority and control of one department. The department covers border & transportation security, emergency preparedness & response, information analysis & infrastructure protection, science & technology, Coast Guard, Secret Service, and citizenship & immigration Services. It also is responsible for coordination of homeland security related concerns with state and local governments as well as the private sector.
Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) manages programs that assist community development and help provide affordable housing for the nation. Fair housing laws, administered by HUD, are designed to ensure that individuals and families can buy a home without being subjected to discrimination. HUD directs mortgage insurance programs that help families become homeowners, and a rent-subsidy program for low-income families that otherwise could not afford decent housing. In addition, it operates programs that aid neighborhood rehabilitation, preserve urban centers from blight, and encourage the development of new communities. HUD also protects the home buyer in the marketplace and fosters programs to stimulate the housing industry.
Department of the Interior
As the nation's principal conservation agency, the United States Department of the Interior is responsible for most of the federally owned public lands and natural resources in the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service administers 500 wildlife refuges, 37 wetland management districts, 65 national fish hatcheries, and a network of wildlife law enforcement agents. The National Park Service administers more than 370 national parks and monuments, scenic parkways, riverways, seashores, recreation areas, and historic sites, through which it preserves America's natural and cultural heritage.
Through the Bureau of Land Management, the department oversees the land and resources, from rangeland vegetation and recreation areas to timber and oil production, of millions of hectares of public land located primarily in the West. The Bureau of Reclamation manages scarce water resources in the semiarid western United States. The department regulates mining in the United States, assesses mineral resources, and has major responsibility for protecting and conserving the trust resources of American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. Internationally, the department coordinates federal policy in the territories of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and oversees funding for development in the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau.
Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice represents the U.S. government in legal matters and courts of law, and renders legal advice and opinions upon request to the president and to the heads of the executive departments. The Justice Department is headed by the attorney general of the United States, the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government. Its Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the principle law enforcement body for federal crimes, and its Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) administers immigration laws. A major agency within the department is the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), which enforces narcotics and controlled substances laws, and tracks down major illicit drug trafficking organizations.
In addition to giving aid to local police forces, the department directs U.S. district attorneys and marshals throughout the country, supervises federal prisons and other penal institutions, and investigates and reports to the president on petitions for paroles and pardons. The Justice Department is also linked to INTERPOL, the International Criminal Police Organization, charged with promoting mutual assistance between law enforcement agencies in 176 member countries.
Department of Labor
The United States Department of Labor promotes the welfare of wage earners in the United States, helps improve working conditions, and fosters good relations between labor and management. It administers federal labor laws through such agencies as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Employment Standards Administration, and the Mine Safety and Health Administration. These laws guarantee workers' rights to safe and healthy working conditions, hourly wages and overtime pay, freedom from employment discrimination, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation for on-the-job injury. The Department also protects workers' pension rights, sponsors job training programs, and helps workers find jobs. Its Bureau of Labor Statistics monitors and reports changes in employment, prices, and other national economic measurements. For job seekers, the department makes special efforts to help older workers, youths, minorities, women, and the disabled.
Department of State
The United States Department of State advises the president, who has overall responsibility for formulating and executing the foreign policy of the United States. The department assesses American overseas interests, makes recommendations on policy and future action, and takes necessary steps to carry out established policy. It maintains contacts and relations between the United States and foreign countries, advises the president on recognition of new foreign countries and governments, negotiates treaties and agreements with foreign nations, and speaks for the United States in the United Nations and in other major international organizations. The department maintains more than 250 diplomatic and consular posts around the world. In 1999, the Department of State integrated the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the U.S. Information Agency into its structure and mission.
Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) establishes the nation's overall transportation policy through 10 operating units that encompass highway planning, development, and construction; urban mass transit; railroads; civilian aviation; and the safety of waterways, ports, highways, and oil and gas pipelines.
For example, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) operates a network of airport towers, air traffic control centers, and flight service stations across the country; the Federal Highway Administration provides financial assistance to the states to improve the interstate highway system, urban and rural roads, and bridges; the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration establishes safety performance standards for motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment; and the Maritime Administration operates the U.S. merchant marine fleet. The U.S. Coast Guard, the nation's primary maritime law enforcement and licensing agency, conducts search and rescue missions at sea, combats drug smuggling, and works to prevent oil spills and ocean pollution.
Department of the Treasury
The United States Department of the Treasury is responsible for serving the fiscal and monetary needs of the nation. The department performs four basic functions: formulating financial, tax, and fiscal policies; serving as financial agent for the U.S. government; providing specialized law enforcement services; and manufacturing coins and currency. The Treasury Department reports to Congress and the president on the financial condition of the government and the national economy. It regulates the sale of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms in interstate and foreign commerce; supervises the printing of stamps for the United States Postal Service; operates the Secret Service, which protects the president, the vice president, their families, and visiting dignitaries and heads of state; suppresses counterfeiting of U.S. currency and securities; and administers the Customs Service, which regulates and taxes the flow of goods into the country.
The department includes the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Treasury official who executes the laws governing the operation of approximately 2,900 national banks. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is responsible for the determination, assessment, and collection of taxes ? the source of most of the federal government's revenue.
Department of Veterans Affairs
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), established as an independent agency in 1930 and elevated to cabinet level in 1989, dispenses benefits and services to eligible veterans of U.S. military service and their dependents. The Veterans Health Administration provides hospital and nursing-home care, and outpatient medical and dental services through 173 medical centers, 40 retirement homes, 600 clinics, 133 nursing homes, and 206 Vietnam Veteran Outreach Centers in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. It also conducts medical research in such areas as aging, women's health issues, AIDS, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) oversees claims for disability payments, pensions, specially adapted housing, and other services. The VBA also administers education programs for veterans and provides home loan assistance to eligible veterans and active-duty service personnel. The VA's National Cemetery System provides burial services, headstones, and markers for veterans and eligible family members within 116 cemeteries throughout the United States.
Judicial branch
Article III of the Constitution states the basis for the federal court system: "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Federal judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, whose nine justices are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate, and various "lower" or "inferior courts," among which are the United States courts of appeals, the United States district courts, and the United States bankruptcy courts.
The Federal Court System
With this guide, the first Congress divided the nation into districts and created federal courts for each district. From that beginning has evolved the present structure: the Supreme Court, 13 courts of appeals, 94 district courts, and two courts of special jurisdiction. Congress today retains the power to create and abolish federal courts, as well as to determine the number of judges in the federal judiciary system. It cannot, however, abolish the Supreme Court.
There are three levels of federal courts with general jurisdiction meaning that these courts handle criminal cases and civil law suits between individuals. The other courts, such as the bankruptcy courts and the tax court, are specialized courts handling only certain kinds of cases.
The United States district courts are the "trial courts" where cases are filed and decided. The United States circuit courts are "appellate courts" that hear appeals of cases decided by the district courts. The Supreme Court of the United States hears appeals from the decisions of the courts of appeals.
The judicial power extends to cases arising under the Constitution, an act of Congress, or a treaty of the United States; cases affecting ambassadors, ministers, and consuls of foreign countries in the United States; controversies in which the U.S. government is a party; controversies between states (or their citizens) and foreign nations (or their citizens or subjects); and bankruptcy cases. The Eleventh Amendment removed from federal jurisdiction cases in which citizens of one state were the plaintiffs and the government of another state was the defendant. It did not disturb federal jurisdiction in cases in which a state government is a plaintiff and a citizen of another state the defendant.
The power of the federal courts extends both to civil actions for damages and other redress, and to criminal cases arising under federal law. Article III has resulted in a complex set of relationships between state and federal courts. Ordinarily, federal courts do not hear cases arising under the laws of individual states. However, some cases over which federal courts have jurisdiction may also be heard and decided by state courts. Both court systems thus have exclusive jurisdiction in some areas and concurrent jurisdiction in others.
The Constitution safeguards judicial independence by providing that federal judges shall hold office "during good behavior" ? in practice, until they die, retire, or resign, although a judge who commits an offense while in office may be impeached in the same way as the president or other officials of the federal government. U.S. judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. Congress also determines the pay scale of judges.
Related Articles
- Politics of the United States
- President of the United States of America
- United States Congress
- United States Senate
- United States House of Representatives
- Independent Agencies of the United States Government
- List of Federal Agencies
- United States Cabinet
- United States Federal Executive Departments
- United States Department of Agriculture
- United States Department of Commerce
- United States Department of Defense
- United States Department of Education
- United States Department of Energy
- United States Department of Health and Human Services
- United States Department of Homeland Security
- United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
- United States Department of the Interior
- United States Department of Labor
- United States Department of Justice
- United States Department of State
- United States Department of Transportation
- United States Department of the Treasury
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs
- United States federal judicial circuit
- United States federal judicial district
- Supreme Court of the United States
- United States courts of appeals
- United States district courts
- United States bankruptcy courts
- Social Security
- Taxation in the United States
Executive Office of the President
- Council of Economic Advisers
- Council on Environmental Quality
- Domestic Policy Council
- Information Awareness Office
- National Economic Council
- National Security Council
- Office of Administration
- Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives
- Office of Homeland Security
- Office of Management and Budget
- Office of National AIDS Policy
- Office of National Drug Control Policy
- Office of Science & Technology Policy
- Office of the United States Trade Representative
- President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
- USA Freedom Corps
- White House Military Office
External Links
- External Link to info about U.S. courts
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Government of the United States."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Judicial power is the power to pass judgment upon those deemed to have broken the law, and by extension, the body or bodies that exercise such power. One of the three powers of the State.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Judicial power."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The judiciary is a branch of government, consisting of justices, judges and magistrates among other types of adjudicators. The primary function of the judiciary is to adjudicate legal disputes. The judiciary is also responsible for interpreting the law, but while in some legal systems this is a fundamental principle (e.g. common law jurisdictions), in others the primary responsibility for interpreting the law belongs not to the judiciary but to the legislature — traditionally, civil law and socialist law jurisdictions — although even in them, the judiciary inevitably must play some interpretive role, since interpretation of the law is an inseparable part of adjudicating legal disputes. This difference can be seen by comparing the United States and People's Republic of China — in the United States, the Supreme Court is the final authority on the interpretation of the law; in the PRC, the final authority on the interpretation of the law is the National People's Congress.
The idea found in civil law and socialist law that the judiciary does not interpret the law has its origins in both in Roman law times. It is said that Justinian had the Corpus Juris Civilis compliled and all other decisions by jurists burned to create certainty in the law. Again in the 19th century French some legal scholars at the time of the development of the Code Napoleon advocated the same kind of approach — it was believed that since the law was being written down precisely, it should not need interpretation; and if it did need interpretation, it could be referred to those who wrote the code. Napoleon, who was an advocate of this approach felt that the task of interpreting the law should be left with the elected legislature, not with unelected judges. However, in practice, this idea was found difficult and judges in France and other countries that Napoleon had conquered or where there was a reception of the Civil Code approach judges once again took on an important role like their English counterparts. At present in civil law jurisdictions in practice judges interpret the law to about the same extent as in common law jurisdictions – though it may be acknowledged in theory in a different manner than in the common law tradition which actually saw judges making the law. In France, the jurisprudence constante of the Cour de cassation or the Conseil d'État is equivalent in practice with case law. In civil law jurisdictions the role of interpretation has taken a much more conservative approach and when the law fails to deal with a situation, doctrinal writers and not judges call for legislative reform, though these legal scholars sometimes influence judicial decision making. Civil law judges also refer to the interpretation of codal provisions and they look for an underlying rationale not only in the particular text, but its relationship to the whole structure of the code as an organizing structure that reflects order in a civil society.
Socialist law adopted the position of civil law, but added to it a new line of thought derived from Communism — the interpretation of the law is ultimately political, and should serve the purposes of Communism, and hence should not be left to a non-political organ (even though in practice, the judiciary was not much of a non-political organ).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Judiciary."
Synonyms: JudicialSynonyms: discriminative (adj), juridic (adj), juridical (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Divorce | Noun: divorce, divorcement; separation; judicial separation, separate maintenance; separatio a mensa et thoro, separatio a vinculo matrimonii. |
Judge | Adjective: judicial. |
Jurisdiction | Executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical; judicatory, judiciary, judicial; juridical. |
Killing | Deathblow, finishing stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution. (capital punishment); judicial murder; martyrdom. |
Prediction | Astrology, horoscopy, judicial astrology. |
Tribunal | Assize, eyre; wardmote, burghmote; barmote; superior courts of Westminster; court of record, court oyer and terminer, court assize, court of appeal, court of error; High court of Judicature, High court of Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council; Star Chamber; Court of Chancery, Court of King's or Queen's Bench, Court of Exchequer, Court of Common Pleas, Court of Probate, Court of Arches, Court of Admiralty; Lords Justices' court, Rolls court, Vice Chancellor's court, Stannary court, Divorce court, Family court, Palatine court, county court, district court, police court; sessions; quarter sessions, petty sessions; court-leet, court-baron, court of pie poudre, court of common council; board of green cloth. |
Adjective: judicial; appellate. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The creatures of Earth have no stomach for judicial murder (Doctor Who; writing credit: Basil Caplan; Martin Defalco) My guys are still under a judicial mistrangement order that blue thing I got from her (Ghostbusters II; writing credit: Dan Aykroyd; Harold Ramis) | |
Tongue Twisters | Judicial system. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Un Error judicial (1974) Judicial Consent (1994) La Dama y el judicial (1992) Judicial pero honrado (1991) La Mujer judicial (1990) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Periodicals | |
Theater & Movies | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Edmund C. Waddill, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front, in judicial robes. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Hugo LaFayette Black, half-length portrait, seated, facing left, in judicial robes with hands folded. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | John McLean, three-quarter length portrait, facing front, seated, wearing judicial robes. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | James Moore Wayne, three-quarter length portrait, facing slightly left, seated, wearing judicial robes. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Levi Woodbury, half-length portrait, facing front, wearing judicial robes. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Louis Dembitz Brandeis, half-length portrait, facing slightly left, wearing judicial robe] / Underwood & Underwood. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Alexis De Tocqueville | Scarcely any political question arises in the United States that is not resolved, sooner or later, into a judicial question. |
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. | Morality cannot be legislated but behavior can be regulated. Judicial decrees may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless. |
Senator Daniel Webster | When the spotless ermine of the judicial robe fell on John Jay, it touched nothing less spotless than itself. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | First, As, in some countries, the person of the prince by the law is sacred; and so, whatever he commands or does, his person is still free from all question or violence, not liable to force, or any judicial censure or condemnation. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-1996 | But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,* and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | This is of the very essence of judicial duty. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Such juridical persons will also have the status of AlsaceLorrainers as shall have been recognised as possessing this quality whether by the French administrative authorities or by a judicial decision. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The counsel drew from this a few passionate appeals, unfortunately not very new, in regard to judicial errors, etc. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Older children live with their fathers unless judicial authorities decide otherwise. (references) | |
In 1995 President Zedillo proposed and Congress approved extensive judicial reform legislation. (references) | ||
For the first time, judicial procedures exist for bidders to contest a decision to award a tender. (references) | ||
Children | Bulgaria | Nevertheless due to low fines and delays in the judicial system, compliance rates are extremely low. (references) |
Cape Verde | The inefficiencies of the judicial system made it difficult for government institutions to address the problem. (references) | |
Dominican Republic | It also provided training to persons and groups providing social services to children, judicial officials, and other children's advocates. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Venezuela | A separate and earlier judicial case also suggested pressures against freedom of speech. (references) |
Russia | The local department of the Ministry of Justice then liquidated it without a judicial process. (references) | |
Hong Kong | Both the board's proceedings and the police's exercise of power are subject to judicial review. (references) | |
Economic History | The Netherlands | All judicial appointments are made by the Crown. (references) |
The Holy See | Three tribunals are responsible for judicial power. (references) | |
Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan is still building the its judicial system. (references) | |
Human Rights | Philippines | The pace of the judicial process is slow. (references) |
Central African Republic | Judicial warrants are not required for arrest. (references) | |
Chad | The salaries of judicial officials often were low. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Guatemala | Judges, prosecutors, public defenders, judicial translators, and others already have received the degree, which emphasizes criminal law and human rights. (references) |
Finland | The use of the Sami language, a minority language that is used regionally, is permitted in schools, the media, dealings with administrative and judicial authorities, economic and commercial life, and cultural activities. (references) | |
Mexico | The revised bill also dropped the original bill's reference to indigenous communities as "legal public entities," diluted the COCOPA bill's recognition of indigenous rights in judicial proceedings, and reduced the extent of indigenous control over natural resources. (references) | |
Minorities | Netherlands | NGO's have criticized judicial authorities for not actively tracking down offenses on the Internet. (references) |
Mexico | A formal complaint was filed with the state prosecutor's office in Comitan, and on June 27, state judicial police arrested three community officials. (references) | |
Bangladesh | On December 29, the BNP formed a judicial commission to investigate "religiously motivated" bombing incidents that occurred during the Awami League Government period. (references) | |
Political Economy | KUWAIT | Uncertain and slow judicial action is also a hurdle. (references) |
Ukraine | Political interference and corruption affected the judicial process. (references) | |
Libya | Qadhafi uses summary judicial proceedings to suppress domestic opposition. (references) | |
Political Rights | Cyprus | Women hold some cabinet-level, judicial, and other senior positions. (references) |
Congo | He appoints all significant military, executive, and judicial officials. (references) | |
Kyrgyz Republic | The OSCE noted that executive and judicial branch interference in the electoral process continued through the runoffs. (references) | |
Trade | Indonesia | Domestic interests often take advantage of the non-transparency of the legal and judicial systems to undermine regulations or law enforcement to the detriment of foreign parties. (references) |
Morocco | During FY 2000, the following loans were approved: a legal and judicial development project (US$ 5.3 million), and a Sustainable Coastal Tourism Development project (US$2.2million). (references) | |
Philippines | The bank expects to extend a further $9.3 million in technical assistance grants in 2001 for rural microfinance, development of upland communities, irrigation, rural electrification, natural gas regulation, urban services, formal and non-formal education, municipal governance, cleaner production technologies, and judicial reform among others. (references) | |
Women | Guinea | The program involves workshops and training for security and judicial personnel, as well as the education community. (references) |
Peru | Such abuses are aggravated by insensitivity on the part of law enforcement and judicial authorities toward the female victims. (references) | |
Morocco | A woman also may file for a judicial divorce if her husband takes a second wife, if he abandons her, or if he physically abuses her. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Haiti | Government employees, including police and judicial employees, often are paid late. (references) |
Canada | All labor unions have full access to mediation, arbitration, and the judicial system. (references) | |
Jamaica | Judicial and police authorities effectively enforce the LRIDA and other labor regulations. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EDITOR, n. A person who combines the judicial functions of Minos, Rhadamanthus and Aeacus, but is placable with an obolus; a severely virtuous censor, but so charitable withal that he tolerates the virtues of others and the vices of himself; who flings about him the splintering lightning and sturdy thunders of admonition till he resembles a bunch of firecrackers petulantly uttering his mind at the tail of a dog; then straightway murmurs a mild, melodious lay, soft as the cooing of a donkey intoning its prayer to the evening star. Master of mysteries and lord of law, high-pinnacled upon the throne of thought, his face suffused with the dim splendors of the Transfiguration, his legs intertwisted and his tongue a-cheek, the editor spills his will along the paper and cuts it off in lengths to suit. And at intervals from behind the veil of the temple is heard the voice of the foreman demanding three inches of wit and six lines of religious meditation, or bidding him turn off the wisdom and whack up some pathos. O, the Lord of Law on the Throne of Thought, A gilded impostor is he. Of shreds and patches his robes are wrought, His crown is brass, Himself an ass, And his power is fiddle-dee-dee. Prankily, crankily prating of naught, Silly old quilly old Monarch of Thought. Public opinion's camp-follower he, Thundering, blundering, plundering free. Affected, Ungracious, Suspected, Mendacious, Respected contemporaree! J.H. Bumbleshook |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | Minnesota gagged the state judge with a law prohibiting judicial candidates from expressing their views on certain subjects. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | A representative assembly is still less qualified for the judicial power, because it is too numerous, too slow, and too little skilled in the laws. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Neither is it to be disguised that the organization of our judicial system is at once a difficult and delicate task. |
Zachary Taylor | 1849-1850 | For the interpretation of that instrument I shall look to the decisions of the judicial tribunals established by its authority and to the practice of the Government under the earlier Presidents, who had so large a share in its formation. |
James Buchanan | 1857-1861 | Besides, it is a judicial question, which legitimately belongs to the Supreme Court of the United States, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled. |
Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 | When the centennial of the institution of the judicial department, by the organization of the Supreme Court, shall have been suitably observed, as I trust it will be, our nation will have fully entered its second century. |
Herbert C. Hoover | 1929-1933 | Reform, reorganization and strengthening of our whole judicial and enforcement system, both in civil and criminal sides, have been advocated for years by statesmen, judges, and bar associations. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Moreover, we have long needed a general upward revision of Federal Government salary scales at all levels in all branches--legislative, judicial, and executive. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Additional Federal judges are needed, as recommended by me and the Judicial Conference. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Proposals like legislative veto and increased judicial review will add another layer to the regulatory process, making it more cumbersome and inefficient. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | I ask you to vote up or down on judicial nominations and other important appointees. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Judicial" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 98.74% of the time. "Judicial" is used about 2,461 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 98.74% | 2,430 | 3,692 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.26% | 31 | 62,296 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,461 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "judicial": judicial act ♦ judicial activism ♦ judicial appointment ♦ judicial astrology ♦ judicial authorities ♦ judicial authority ♦ judicial branch ♦ judicial cost ♦ judicial decision ♦ judicial district ♦ judicial doctrine ♦ judicial error ♦ judicial examination ♦ judicial murder ♦ judicial office ♦ judicial power ♦ judicial principle ♦ judicial proceeding ♦ judicial proceedings ♦ judicial review ♦ judicial sale ♦ judicial separation ♦ judicial system ♦ judicial writ ♦ misleading the judicial authorities ♦ recall of judicial decisions. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "judicial": judicial-review. | |
Ending with "judicial": administrative-judicial, extra-judicial, non-judicial, quasi-judicial. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "judicial"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kritik (animadversion, climacteric, critic, critical, crucial), i ligjshëm (forensic, lawful, legal, true), i gjyqit (justiciary), gjyqësor (judiciary, juridical, legal, magisterial). (various references) | |
Arabic | مميز (characteristic, diacritical, differential, discerning, discriminative, discriminatory, distinctive, distinguishing, peculiar, perceptive, percipient, special, specific), محكمي, قضائي (forensic, judiciary), قاضوي, حصيف (discreet, judicious, prudent, reasonable, sagacious, shrewd, wise), شرعي (de jure, judiciary, lawful, legal, legitimate, prima facie, rightful, true, valid). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | юридически (jural, juridical, juristic, juristical, justiciary, legal), съдебен (forensic, judiciary, juridical), съдийски (magisterial), разсъдлив (cautious, circumspect, discerning, prudent, reasoning), критичен (acerb, acerbic, censorious, climacteric, critical, touch and go, volatile), безпристрастен (clinical, detached, dispassionate, equitable, even, even handed, fair, immovable, impartial, impersonal, indifferent, non-partisan, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced). (various references) | |
Chinese | 司法 (justice). (various references) | |
Czech | justièní, soudní (decretory, juridical, legal). (various references) | |
Danish | juridisk fejl (judicial error, miscarriage of justice), muligheder for at anvende judicielle retsmidler (to develop possibilities of judicial remedy), doemmende organ (judicial organ), dom (judgment), dommerembed (judicial power), domstolenes og domstolslignende organers beskyttelse af forbrugerne (judicial and quasi-judicial means of consumer protection), domstolskontrol (judicial control, judicial review), en retsinstans,over for hvilken Domstolen har fremsat en retsanmodning (judicial authority to which the Court has addressed letters rogatory), europæisk retligt netværk for civil- og handelssager (European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters), dekret (judgment, judicial award, judicial decision), konventionen om forkyndelse i udlandet af inden-og udenretslige dokumenter i sager om civile eller kommercielle spørgsmål (Convention on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters), vigtige retslige funktioner (important judicial function), personer,som opfylder betingelserne for at indtage de hoejeste dommerembeder (persons who possess the qualifications required for appointment to the highest judicial offices), retlig afgørelse (court resolution, judicial command, mandate), retligt tilsyn (judicial review), retsår (judicial year), retsafgørelse (judicial act), retsferier (judicial vacation, judicial/Court vacations), søgsmål om retsakters lovlighed (proceedings for judicial review of legality), soegsmaal (judicial appeal), Konventionen om forkyndelse i Den Europæiske Unionens medelemsstater af retslige og udenretslige dokumenter i civile eller kommercielle anliggender (Convention on the service in the Member States of the European Union of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters). (various references) | |
Dutch | Justicieel Opsporingsteam Milieudelicten Noordzee (Judicial Investigative Team for North Sea Environmental Offences), juridische achterstand (judicial backlog), een vonnis herroepen,vernietigen (to rescind a judgment, to revoke a judicial decree), marginale toetsing (judicial review of whether discretionary administrative powers have been exercised reasonably, test of reasonability), gerechtelijke uitspraak (judicial act), gerechtelijke plaatsopneming (judicial examination of the spot, visite to the scene of occurrence), gerechtelijke en buitengerechtelijke middelen ter bescherming van de consument (judicial and quasi-judicial means of consumer protection), gerechtelijke dwaling (judicial error, miscarriage of justice), Afdeling Rechtspraak (Judicial Division), Europees justitieel netwerk op het gebied van burgerlijke en handelszaken (European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters), de personen die aan alle gestelde eisen voldoen om de hoogste rechterlijke ambten te bekleden (persons who possess the qualifications required for appointment to the highest judicial offices), curandus (person major of age who is under judicial disability;disqualified person), contentieus beroep (judicial appeal), bij rogatoire commissie aangewezen rechter (judicial authority to which the Court has addressed letters rogatory), Besluit betreffende de titulatuur en het kostuum der rechterlijke ambtenaren alsmede het kostuum van de advocaten en van de procureurs (Decree concerning the titles and dress of judicial officers and the dress of advocates), belangrijke rechterlijke taken (important judicial function), arbitrage (arbitration), algemeen communautair kader voor activiteiten ter vergemakkelijking van de justitiële samenwerking in burgerlijke zaken (general Community framework of activities to facilitate the implementation of judicial cooperation in civil matters), gerechtelijk jaar (judicial year), rechtssysteem (judicial system), wettigheidscontentieux (proceedings for judicial review of legality), Wet houdende regeling van het conflictenrecht inzake ontbinding van het huwelijk en scheiding van tafel en bed en de erkenning daarvan (Act regulating the conflict of laws relating to divorce and judicial separation and the recognition thereof, Divorce(Conflict of Laws)Act), Wet conflictenrecht echtscheiding (Act regulating the conflict of laws relating to divorce and judicial separation and the recognition thereof, Divorce(Conflict of Laws)Act), verdrag over de toezending van gerechtelijke en buitengerechtelijke stukken in burgerlijke en handelszaken (Convention on the services of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters), Verdrag inzake de betekening en de kennisgeving in de lidstaten van de Europese Unie van gerechtelijke en buitengerechtelijke stukken in burgerlijke-of in handelszaken (Convention on the service in the Member States of the European Union of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters), Verdrag betreffende de betekenis en mededeling in het buitenland van gerechtelijke en buitengerechtelijke akten in burgerlijke en handelszaken (Convention on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters), toetsing door rechter (judicial review), toetsing door de rechter (judicial control), mogelijkheden ontwikkelen voor beroep op rechtshulp (to develop possibilities of judicial remedy), scheiding van tafel en bed (judicial separation, legal separation), onbekwaamverklaarde meerderjarige (person major of age who is under judicial disability;disqualified person), rechtsstelsel (judicial system), rechtsgeding (action, lawsuit), rechterlijke vakanties (judicial vacation), rechterlijke toetsing (judicial review), rechterlijke dwaling (judicial error, miscarriage of justice), rechterlijk orgaan (judicial organ), rechterlijk ambt (judicial power), zittende en staande magistratuur (judicial and prosecuting officers), schouw (ferry, fireplace, hearth, inspection). (various references) | |
Finnish | juridinen (juridical), oikeudellinen (juridical, legal), lainopillinen (juridical, law, legal). (various references) | |
French | judiciaire (judiciary). (various references) | |
German | gerichtlich (court, forensic, judicially, judiciary, juridic, juridical, legal). (various references) | |
Greek | κριτικόσ (critic, critical), αμερόληπτοσ (candid, detached, disinterested, impartial, objective, unbiased), δικαστικόσ (judiciary, juridical, magisterial, trial), δικαστικός (judiciary), δικανικός (forensic), δίκαιοσ (equitable, evenhanded, fair, just, level, right). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משפטי (forensic, juridical, lawful, legal, statutory), מבחין (diacritic, discerning, observant), שפוטי (jurisdictional), פלילי (felonious, penal), בון (clever, discerning, discreet, intelligent, judicious, sagacious, sage, sapient, sensible, well advised, wise). (various references) | |
Hungarian | bírósági (forensic, judiciary, legal, sheriff's officer), bírói (judiciary, juridical, legal). (various references) | |
Indonesian | acara (agenda, judicial procedure, procedural, program). (various references) | |
Italian | giudiziario (forensic, judiciary, legal). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 裁判上 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | さいば"じょう. (various references) | |
Korean | 사법. (various references) | |
Manx | briwnyssagh (decisive), briwnagh (arbitral, juridical), briwagh. (various references) | |
Norwegian | juridisk (juridical, legally), rettslig. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | udicialjay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | jurídico (judiciary, juridical, juristic, juristical, legal), judicioso (clearheaded, discriminating, judiciary, judicious, prudent, reasonable, sagacious, sensible, sententious, shrewd, well-judged, wise, wizard), judicial (judiciary, justiciable, justiciary), judiciário (judiciary, justiciary), com discernimento (judiciary). (various references) | |
Romanian | juridic (forensic, jural, juridic, juridical, juristic, juristical, justiciary, legally, magisterial), judicios (advised, advisedly, judgematic, judgematical, judicious, judiciously, sensible, sensibly, well balanced), judiciar (judicially, judiciary), judecãtoresc (judicatory, judiciary), principial (principled), de magistrat (magisterial), de judecãtor, cu discernãmânt (discerning). (various references) | |
Russian | юридический (juridical, juristic, juristical, legal, legalistic), судейский (magisterial), судебный (adjudicative, forensic, judiciary, justiciary, magisterial), законный (juridical, justifiable, lawful, legal, legitimate, licit, recognized, rightful, true, vested, warrantable). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | sudski (forensic, judiciary, juridical, justiciable, justiciary, legal), sudijski. (various references) | |
Spanish | judicial (forensic, judiciary, legal, magisterial). (various references) | |
Swedish | rättslig (judiciary, jural, juridical, juristic, juristical, legal). (various references) | |
Thai | เกี่ยวกับการพิจาร"าค"ี (juridical, justiciary). (various references) | |
Turkish | yargılayan, yargıçlara ait, tarafsız (candid, clinical, colorless, colourless, crossbench, detached, disinterested, dispassionate, equitable, even handed, fair-minded, free from bias, impartial, neutral, non committal, non party, noncommittal, nonpartisan, non-partisan, nonparty, unbiased, unbiassed, uncolored, uncoloured, uncommitted, unprejudiced, unwarped), mahkemeye ait (forensic), hukuki (juristic, juristical, legal), eleştirici (argumentative, assailant, assailer, censorious, critic, critical, faultfinder, faultfinding, reviewer, uncomplimentary), adli (forensic, juridical, legal). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | судовий (forensic, judiciary, juridic, juridical, legal, magisterial), розсудливий (advisable, canny, conscious, healthy, judicious, politic, prudent, prudential, reasonable, sober, sober minded, wholesome, wise), законий. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | vô tư (disinterested, even-handed, fair-minded, impartial, non-partisan, unprejudiced), do to quyết định bị Chúa trừng phạt có phán đoán, có suy xét, có phê phán công bằng. (various references) | |
Welsh | ynadol (magisterial), barnol (annoying, condemnatory). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | judicalis. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | judicatorius. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "judicial": judicially. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "judicial": extrajudicial, nonjudicial, prejudicial. (additional references) | |
Words containing "judicial": extrajudicially, prejudicially, prejudicialness, prejudicialnesses. (additional references) | |
| |
"Judicial" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: jinicil, Judaicae, judical, judicatam, judishal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "judicial" (pronounced juwdi"shul) |
| 4 | -i" sh u l | artificial, beneficial, superficial, initial, official, sacrificial, unofficial. |
| 3 | -sh u l | inertial, antisocial, biracial, bushel, commercial, confidential, controversial, crucial, essential, experiential, facial, financial, glacial, impartial, spatial, special, infomercial, interprovincial, interracial, jurisprudential, Marshal, Marshall, martial, multiracial, noncommercial, noncontroversial, nonfinancial, nonracial, nonresidential, palatial, partial, Paschal, potential, prejudicial, prenuptial, provincial, quintessential, racial, social, uncontroversial. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-d-i-i-j-l-u" | |
-3 letters: alcid, aulic, cauld, cilia, ducal, dulia, iliac, iliad, lucid, ludic. | |
-4 letters: acid, auld, cadi, caid, caul, clad, dial, dual, duci, ilia, jail, laic, laid, laud. | |
-5 letters: aid, ail, cad, cud, dal, dui, lac, lad, lid. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-d-i-i-j-l-u" | |
+1 letter: juridical. | |
+2 letters: judicially. | |
+3 letters: juridically, nonjudicial, prejudicial. | |
+5 letters: extrajudicial, prejudicially. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
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