Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Jam |
JamNoun1. Preserve of crushed fruit. 2. Informal terms for a difficult situation; "he got into a terrible fix"; "he made a muddle of his marriage". 3. A dense crowd of people. 4. Deliberate radiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of disrupting enemy use of electronic devices or systems. Verb1. Press tightly together or cram; "The crowd packed the auditorium". 2. Push forcibly, as of brakes: "The driver jammed the brake pedal to the floor". 3. Crush or bruise; "jam a toe". 4. Interfere with or prevent the reception of signals; "Jam the Voice of America"; "block the signals emitted by this station". 5. Get stuck and immobilized; "the mechanism jammed". 6. Crowd or pack to capacity; "the theater was jampacked". 7. Block passage through; "obstruct the path". 8. Eat until one is sated; "He filled up on turkey". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "jam" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | JaM John and Martin. An interpreted FORTH-like graphics language by John Warnock and Martin Newell, Xerox PARC, 1978. JaM was the forerunner of both Interpress and PostScript. It is mentioned in PostScript Language reference Manual, Adobe Systems, A-W 1985. jam A condition on a network where two nodes transmitting simultaneously detect the collision and continue to transmit for a certain time (4 to 6 bytes on Ethernet) to ensure that the collision has been detected by all nodes involved. (1994-12-12). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
19th Century Satire | A pantry composition in A minor. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of eating jam, if pure, denotes pleasant surprises and journeys. To dream of making jam, foretells to a woman a happy home and appreciative friends. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Food & Agriculture | A congested mass of round timber obstructing movement in a floating stream. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | The blocking of a core barrel or core bit with core, sometimesdeliberately. (references) |
Public Administration | An obstruction of the stream channel by debris, logs or other material, restricting or damming the natural flow. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Jam is a type of fruit preserve: it is a way of preserving fruit by boiling it with sugar.The proportions vary according to the type of fruit and its ripeness, but a rough starting point is equal weights of each. When the mixture reaches a temperature of 104°C, the acid and the pectin in the fruit react with the sugar, and the jam will set on cooling, but most cooks work by trial and error, bringing the mixture to a "fast rolling boil", watching to see if the seething mass changes texture, and dropping tiny samples on a plate to see if they run. How easily a jam sets depends on the pectin content of the fruit. Some fruits, such as gooseberries, redcurrants, blackcurrants, appless and raspberries, set very well; others, such as strawberries and ripe blackberries, need to have pectin added. There are proprietary pectin products on the market, and most industrially-produced jams use them. Home jam-makers sometimes rely on adding a pectin-rich fruit to a poor setter; hence the popular old favourite blackberry and apple. Other tricks include extracting juice from redcurrants or gooseberries. Making jam at home used to be common, but the practice is declining, and the accessories, particularly the cellophane covers for jam jars, are getting hard to find in some locations.
Jam is often used on bread, and also in yogurt to sweeten it.
See also marmelade.
In rock and roll music, a jam is an extended period of instrumentation, generally occurring more often in live shows than studio recordings. Some bands are known for being "jam bands", and frequently perform jams (or "jam sessions") in concert and/or in the studio.
See List of jam bands
A jam can also refer to a situation where movement or options are limited. e.g. a traffic jam. e.g. "The book was jammed between two adjoining shelves and could not be removed easily."
There is also a band called The Jam.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Jam."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Jamming is an electronic warfare (EW) technique to limit the effectiveness of an opponents communications and/or detection equipment.
Radio Jamming
Communications jamming is usually aimed at radio signals to disrupt control of a battle. A transmitter, tuned to the same frequency as the opponents receiving equipment and with the same type of modulation, can with enough power override any signal at the receiver. The most common types of this form of signal jamming are: Random Noise; Random Pulse; Stepped Tones; Wobbler; Random Keyed Modulated CW; Tone; Rotary; Pulse; Spark; Recorded Sounds; Gulls; and Sweep-through. All of these can be divided into two groups - obvious and subtle.Obvious jamming is easy to detect as it can be heard on the receiving equipment, it is some type of noise such as stepped tones (bagpipes), random-keyed code, pulses, erratically warbling tones, and recorded sounds. The purpose of this type of jamming is to block out reception of transmitted signals and to cause a nuisance to the receiving operator.
Subtle jamming is that during which no sound is heard on the receiving equipment. The radio does not receive incoming signals yet everything seems superficially normal to the operator. These are often techical attacks on modern equipment, such as 'SQUELCH capture'.
Radar Jamming
Radar jamming is the intentional emmission of radio frequency signals to interfere with the operation of a radar by saturating its receiver with false information. There are two types of radar jamming - noise jamming and deception jamming.A noise jamming system is designed to delay or deny target detection. Noise jamming attempts to mask the presence of targets by substantially adding to the level of thermal noise received by the radar. Noise jamming usually employs high power signals tuned to the same frequency of the radar. The most common techniques include barrage, spot, swept spot, cover pulse, and modulated noise jamming. Noise jamming is usually employed by stand-off jamming (SOJ) assets or escort jamming assets.
Deception jamming systems (also called repeat jammers) are designed to offer false information to a radar to deny specific information on either bearing, range, velocity, or a combination of these. A deception jammer receives the radar signal, modifies it and retransmits the altered signal back to the radar.
Initially, the challenge was simple - tune in to the fixed frequencies of the radar, and then start jamming on those frequencies. However, as radars became more sophisticated they used irregular noise superimposed on the radar signal to cloak it, and the signals were broken up into short bursts, and the frequencies used were changed rapidly and constantly.
Radar jamming for the purposes of defeating speed detection radar is simpler than for military application, although it is often illegal.
E-mail Jamming
E-mail jamming is used by some civil rights activists to thwart government spy networks such as Echelon. Activists deliberately include "sensitive" words and phrases in otherwise innocuous emails to ensure that these are picked up by the monitoring systems. The theory is that the senders of these emails will eventually be added to a "harmless" list and their emails no longer intercepted, thus allowing them to regain some privacy.E-mail jamming has become increasingly popular in the UK since the introduction of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act by Jack Straw and its extension by David Blunkett.
Jamming was the name of a late 1970s to early 1980s UK music fanzine edited by Tony Fletcher.
Jamming (or jam session) is also a term used to refer to an informal, semi-improvised performance by a group of rock or jazz musicians.
In rock climbing, Jamming refers to a set of climbing moves that involve wedging a body part into a crack.
Culture Jamming, or sniggling, is the act of using existing mass media to comment on those very media themselves, using the original medium's communication method.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Jamming."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Jam was an early British punk band primarily active in the late 1970s. The band originally consisted of Bruce Foxton, Steve Brookes, Rick Buckler, and Paul Weller.After forming the Jam in 1975 and 1976, Brookes left the band, who soon began playing around the London, England area. In 1977, the Jam signed a contract with Polydor Records and released "In the City", a moderate hit. This was followed by the band's debut album, In the City. The sound was early punk with strong mod influences, with Weller compositions and R&B covers. After another successful single, "All Around the World", the Jam toured the country and recorded This is the Modern World (1977); the titular track was a minor hit and the band left to tour the United States. The tour was a disaster. The next tour, in Britain, ended when the band brawled with some rugby players in Leeds. Weller was charged with assault, though he would eventually be acquitted. In 1978, the band left for another American tour, opening for Blue Öyster Cult.
The Jam was unable to gain a significant audience in the US, though they were rapidly becoming superstars in their homeland, especially after performing at the Reading Festival in 1978. All Mod Cons (1979) is usually considered the band's magnum opus, as well as the first album with truly great songwriting from Paul Weller. The album was a major success in the UK, as was Setting Sons (1979), which also charted in the US, a first for the band (it reached #137 in 1980).
Sound Affects, the Jam's fifth album, was a major success, as was the single "Start", which entered the charts at #1. While recording the follow-up, Weller had a nervous breakdown; he quit drinking. The Gift (1982) was another successful album, reaching #1 in the UK, and showing the band moving towards an exploration of American soul and R&B. Paul Weller broke up the group at the height of their popularity in 1982. The band's sixteen singles were re-released in 1983, and all sixteen re-charted simultaneously. Rick Buckler played with Time UK and Bruce Foxton released a solo effort, Touch Sensitive. Both went on to write autobiographies that severely criticized Weller, who had formed the Style Council with Mick Talbot, but the band was not as successful as The Jam. He began a solo career in the 1990s and has been quite successful.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "The Jam."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
JAM | English | Junction adhesion molecule | N/A |
JAM | French | Jamaïque | Geography, Law |
JAM | German | Jamaika | Geography, Law |
JAM | Italian | Giamaica | Geography, Law |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: JamSynonyms: crush (n), electronic jamming (n), fix (n), hole (n), jamming (n), kettle of fish (n), mess (n), muddle (n), pickle (n), press (n), block (v), chock up (v), close up (v), cram (v), fill (v), fill up (v), impede (v), jampack (v), mob (v), obstruct (v), obturate (v), occlude (v), pack (v), pile (v), ram (v), stuff (v), throng (v), wad (v). (additional references) |
| Antonym: free (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Clothing | Headdress, headgear; chapeau, crush hat, opera hat; kaffiyeh; sombrero, jam, tam-o-shanter, tarboosh, topi, sola topi, pagri, puggaree; cap, hat, beaver hat, coonskin cap; castor, bonnet, tile, wideawake, wimple; nightcap, mobcap, skullcap; hood, coif; capote, calash; kerchief, snood, babushka; head, coiffure; crown; (circle); chignon, pelt, wig, front, peruke, periwig, caftan, turban, fez, shako, csako, busby; kepi, forage cap, bearskin; baseball cap; fishing hat; helmet; mask, domino. |
Interposition | Put between, introduce, import, throw in, wedge in, edge in, jam in, worm in, foist in, run in, plow in, work in; interpose, interject, intercalate, interpolate, interline, interleave, intersperse, interweave, interlard, interdigitate, sandwich in, fit in, squeeze in; let in, dovetail, splice, mortise; insinuate, smuggle; infiltrate, ingrain. |
Junction | Braze; pin, nail, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp, crimp, screw, rivet; impact, solder, set; weld together, fuse together; wedge, rabbet, mortise, miter, jam, dovetail, enchase; graft, ingraft, |
Newness | Phrase: di novello tutto par bello; nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum est prius; una scopa nuova spazza bene. |
Pulpiness | Noun: pulpiness. Adjective: pulp, taste, dough, curd, pap, rob, jam, pudding, poultice, grume. |
Repetition | Phrase: ecce iterum Crispinus; toujours perdrix; "cut and come again"; "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow"; cantilenam eandem canis; nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum sit prius. |
Satiety | Interjection: enough! hold! eheu jam satis! basta! |
Sweetness | Sugar, syrup, treacle, molasses, honey, manna; confection, confectionary; sweets, grocery, conserve, preserve, confiture, jam, julep; sugar-candy, sugar-plum; licorice, marmalade, plum, lollipop, bonbon, jujube, comfit, sweetmeat; apple butter, caramel, damson, glucose; maple sirup, maple syrup, maple sugar; mithai, sorghum, taffy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | This is one fresh jam. Listen, God, I dont know you very well, but I wanted to ask you: how'd you get Diane Court to go out with you (Say Anything; writing credit: Cameron Crowe.) Here in Camelot, we eat ham and jam and spam a lot. (Monty Python and the Holy Grail ; writing credit: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin) Who took the jam outta your doughnut (Snatch.; writing credit: Guy Ritchie) In a tight jam, a nuclear missile just might come in handy (Radioactive Dreams; writing credit: Albert Pyun) You guys want to head back to Jam Pony (Dark Angel; writing credit: Ben Aaronovitch; Mark Ezra) | |
Lyrics | Bumpin' and Grindin' like a slow jam (California Love; performing artist: 2 PAC) A traffic jam when you're already late (Ironic; performing artist: Alanis Morissette) I KNOW YOU WANNA JAM FROM NIGHT TO DAWN (I Know Where It's At; performing artist: All Saints) It really brought him down because he could not jam. (Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy; performing artist: Bette Midler) Spin my jam when im cruisin down the bario (Request Line; performing artist: Black Eyed Peas) | |
Clever | Laughter is the jam on the toast of life: it adds flavor, keeps it from becoming too dry, and makes it easier to swallow. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Gents in a Jam (1952) Gym Jam (1950) Jasper in a Jam (1946) Spreadin' the Jam (1945) A Lamb in a Jam (1945) | |
Song Titles | Pump Up The Jam (performing artist: Technotronic) Jam Up and Jelly Tight (performing artist: Tommy Roe) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A log jam has helped to create a pool. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A completed log jam. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | A picture of a completed log jam. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A channel beginning after a log jam was created in the stream. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Log jam on the Grand Ronde River, Oregon. Credit: Gary Wilson. |  | Close-up view of a log jam on the Grande Ronde river, Oregon. Log jam used for stream bank stabilization. Credit: Gary Wilson. |
 | Woodrow Wilson catching little boy, "Jersey politician," with his face covered with jam of "Wilson policies". Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Traffic jam in transit strike. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Ogilvie Bridge ice jam. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Spring pulpwood drive on the Brown Company timber holdings in Maine. A "head" breaking the jam on Dennison Bog Brook. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Traffic jam" by José Warletta Commentary: "Hundreds of sheep crossing the center of Madrid, Spain, in an annual demonstration." | "Cable Jam" by Sencer Sarp Commentary: "----." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Amplified harmonica using a call and response; a beginning of a short jam. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
David Amram | In the spring of 1956, Monk, Elmo Hope, and I went to Central Park after staying up all night playing at a jam session. While I rowed them around the lake in a rented paddle boat, I received my education in what to look for inmusic and life. 'Listen,' Monk said to Elmo, 'we're moving through the waterin 4/4 time and the birds are singing 6/8 to it.' I stopped rowing and listened; I've been listening ever since. |
Lewis Carroll | The rule is, jam tomorrow and jam yesterday --but never jam today. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Nam tunc quamvis forte non ea mente id agit populo plane ut incommodet: tamen quia quod praecipuum est regiae dignitatis amifit, ut summus scilicet in regno secundum Deum sit, & solo Deo inferior, atque populum etiam totum ignorantem vel invitum, cujus libertatem sartam & tectam conservare debuit, in alterius gentis ditionem & potestatem dedidit; hac velut quadam regni ab alienatione effecit, ut nec quod ipse in regno imperium habuit retineat, nec in eum cui collatum voluit, juris quicquam transferat; atque ita eo facto liberum jam & suae potestatis populum relinquit, cujus rei exemplum unum annales Scotici suppeditant. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Or, peptide therapy may jam the errant cells' receptors, preventing the cells from attacking myelin. (references) | |
Hard candy, sugar, honey, jam, and jelly provide calories and energy without clogging arteries or adding other things that your body does not need. If you have diabetes, be very careful about eating sweets. (references) | ||
Injections are generally given by physicians or nurses, but pills may be given at home. Taking chemotherapy pills can sometimes be a problem with younger children, but the tablets can be broken into smaller pieces for swallowing or powdered and mixed with apple sauce, jam, or custard. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Cuba | The Government continued to jam the transmission of Radio Marti and Television Marti. (references) |
China | The authorities continued to jam, with varying degrees of success, Chinese- and Tibetan-language broadcasts of the Voice of America (VOA) and Radio Free Asia (RFA). (references) | |
Economic History | Denmark | They include beverages (including tea, coffee, wine, beer), meat, condiments (including honey and jam), baby food, raisins, rice, nuts, and all prepared foods. (references) |
Political Economy | Sudan | In spite of the restrictions on ownership of satellite dishes, citizens increasingly have access to foreign electronic media; the Government does not jam foreign radio signals. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Jam" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 85.38% of the time. "Jam" is used about 779 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 85.38% | 665 | 9,875 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 7.56% | 59 | 44,010 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 6.92% | 54 | 46,184 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.13% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 779 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "jam": a traffic jam ♦ barring traffic jam ♦ be in a jam ♦ bear jam ♦ bilberry jam ♦ bramble jam ♦ cloudberry jam ♦ cornel jam ♦ get into a jam ♦ get smb. out of a jam ♦ grape jam ♦ ice jam ♦ it's money for jam ♦ jam doughnut ♦ jam in ♦ jam jar ♦ Jam nut ♦ jam on ♦ jam on the brakes ♦ jam out ♦ jam pot ♦ jam session ♦ jam sessions ♦ jam tomorrow ♦ jam up ♦ Jam weld ♦ log jam ♦ make jam ♦ money for jam ♦ nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum est prius ♦ nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum sit prius ♦ plum jam ♦ raspberry jam ♦ strawberry jam ♦ that's jam for him ♦ traffic jam. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "jam": jam-bottling, jam-esque, jam-filled, jam-full, jam-grin, jam-jar, jam-jars, jam-maker, jam-making, jam-or-honey, jam-packed, jam-pots, jam-proof, jam-sandwich, jam-up. | |
Ending with "jam": log-jam. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
pearl jam | 7,849 | pearl jam ticket | 196 |
jam | 2,284 | jam recipe | 191 |
def jam | 1,914 | cheat code def jam vendetta | 186 |
pearl jam lyrics | 1,409 | nba jam | 175 |
def jam vendetta | 1,304 | chat def jam | 168 |
summer jam | 533 | freezer jam | 163 |
pearl jam synergy | 525 | jam nicky | 154 |
cheat def jam vendetta | 515 | jam cam | 154 |
def jam record | 374 | freezer jam strawberry | 153 |
slow jam | 325 | rasta jam | 149 |
monster jam | 299 | jam moondance | 143 |
strawberry jam recipe | 289 | the jam | 142 |
def poetry jam | 281 | def jam south | 134 |
jam band | 269 | traffic jam | 133 |
2003 jam summer | 263 | jam and jelly | 128 |
strawberry jam | 260 | jam master jay | 121 |
pearl jam tab | 260 | 102 jam | 121 |
code def jam vendetta | 251 | hot 97 summer jam | 119 |
space jam | 249 | country jam usa | 109 |
jock jam | 230 | lisa lisa cult jam | 109 |
pearl jam poster | 109 | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "jam"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | verkeersknoop (traffic, traffic block, traffic congestion, traffic jam, traffic tie-up). (various references) | |
Albanian | ngjesh (clench, compact, compress, gird on the sword, huddle, jostle, masticate, mix, pack, ram down, squeeze, tamp), bllokoj (block, blockade, clog, close up, freeze, immobilize, lay up, lock, obstruct, occlude, stop, tie up), fut me forcë, gjendje e vështirë (fix, imbroglio, plight, predicament, quandary, tight squeeze), gliko (marmalade), lëmsh (ball, clew, clot, jumbal, jumble, mass, mix, mix up, pell mell, pellet, puff, ruck, tangle, welter, winding), marmelatë (marmalade, sauce), ndrydh (check, clench, constrain, dislocate, sprain, stifle, subdue, suppress, turn, vice, wrench, wrick), bllokim (block, blockage, blocking, deadlock, hold up, holding, impediment, jam up, jamming, locking, logjam, obstruction, occlusion, overlap, strangulation), ngec (break down, conk out, flounder, fob off, foist, foul, hesitate, hitch, Lodge, pack up, plant, run down, seize, throw, thrust), zhurmoj (din, make a noise), ngjeshje (compression, conciseness, congestion, cram, density, jaw, jostle, squash, squeeze), pengoj (arrest, baffle, balk, baulk, block, clog, cross, cumber, delay, detain, embarrass, encumber, estop, foil, forbid, frustrate, get in the way, hamper, handicap, hedge in, hinder, hobble, impede, inhibit, interfere, interfere with, interrupt, keep away from, let, obstruct, occlude, oppose, preclude, prevent, prohibit, resist, set back, shut in, stumble, trammel, traverse, trouble), pisk, reçel (confiture, conserve, marmalade), rras (Bury, clap, clench, cram, crib, fling, huddle, pop, ram, stuff, tamp, thrust, vice), shtrëngim (clutch, coercion, compulsion, constriction, constringency, contraction, fastening, grasp, grip, gripe, griping, hug, jamming, jaw, pinch, pressure, restraint, squeeze, strangulation), shtrëngoj (bind, brace, buckle, clamp, clasp, clench, clip, clutch, coerce, compel, compress, constrict, enforce, fasten, force, grapple, grasp, grip, gripe, hold, hug, keep, oblige, pinch, press, restrict, screw, shake, squash, squeeze, strain, strangle, tighten, vice, wring), turmë (bevy, concourse, confluence, crew, crowd, drove, flock, herd, horde, huddle, mob, press, rabble, rat race, rout, ruck, throng), ndrythje. (various references) | |
Arabic | تكدس (accumulate, overcrowding, overstock, overstocked, pile up, settlement, squash, stack), إشترك في حفلة, إنسد (be blocked up, choke, clog, fill, freeze, shut, stop), إنسداد (jamming, obstruction, obtuseness, occlusion, stop, stoppage, stopping), إنهراس, ضغط (bear in mind, compress, compressing, compression, crowd, depress, duress, force, hustle, lay stress on smth., lean, lobby, lobbying, pinch, press, pressure, push, screw, smash, squeeze, strain, stress, telescope, tension), عائق (balk, bar, barrier, clog, deterrent, difficulty, disadvantage, drag, embarrassment, encumbrance, fencing, hamper, handicap, hindrance, impediment, inconvenience, interference, liability, morass, obstruction, obstructive, restraint, setback, shackle, stick, stumbling block, stymie, tie, trammel, traverse), عطل (cancel, cripple, damage, deactivate, derange, disrupt, foul up, hold up, obstruct, stay, suspend), عقبة (barricade, block, blockade, bunker, difficulty, drawback, hitch, hurdle, inconvenience, interference, obstacle, obstruction, snag, spine, stick, stumbling block), زحمة حركة المواصلات, شوش (bedevil, befuddle, blanket, confuse, demoralize, derange, disarrange, dislocate, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, dizzy, embroil, fog, fuddle, garble, gum up, hamper, jumble, mire, mix up, muddle, muddy, obfuscate, obscure, outface, parasite, perplex, perturb, rattle, ravel, scramble, smudge, unhinge, unsettle), تعطل (breakdown, conk, fall due on, give out, heave to, idleness, inactivity, pack, paralysis, spoil), فرملة (brake, braking), حشا (beef up, cake, cram, load, pack, pad, poke, quilt, ram, stuff, tamp, tampon, wad), غرز (batter, bog, drawing pin, impact, implant, lodge, pike, plant, plunge, poke, push, sink, stab, stick, stick in, thrust), حفل لموسيقى الجاز, ورطة (box, deadlock, dilemma, entanglement, fix, hole, hot water, maw, mess, pickle, plight, predicament, quagmire, quandary, stalemate), هرس (mash, mashing, maul, pounding, pulverization, squash, triturate, trituration), مربى الفاكهة, مأزق (bind, bottleneck, corner, critical situation, deadlock, deep water, dilemma, fix, impasse, logjam, pickle, plight, predicament, quandary, quicksands, stalemate), كبح السيارة فجأة, كوم (accumulate, amass, bank, heap, heap up, hill up, lumber, pile, pile up, rake, scrape, stack, stick, tamp, tumble), سحق (bash, batter, beat, beating, bow, break, crack, crumple, crunch, crush, flatten, grind, levigate, mow, overwhelm, pound, pounding, powder, pulverization, pulverize, put down, quash, reduce, run over smth., scotch, slam, smash, squash, squeeze, squelch, steam roller, suppress, sweep, trample, tread, triturate, trituration). (various references) | |
Basque | marmelada. (various references) | |
Bavarian | mamalad (marmelade). (various references) | |
Blackfoot | míiniaohtaisttsikááhkimao'p. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | задръстване (blockage, congestion, entanglement, foul, obstruction, occlusion, stoppage), импровизирам (ad lib, extemporize, fake, gag, improvise, throw off, toss off), заяждане (cavil, jamming, nag), заяждам (seize), заклинване, заклинвам се, намазвам с мармалад, заглушавам (black out, deaden, deafen, drown, dull, intercept, jam out, kill, obstruct, overgrow, silence), навалица (crowd, melee, rout, throng), задръствам (block, foul, jam up, obstruct, occlude, silt), претъпявам (muffle, turn), претъпкване (jamming, overcrowding), правя мармалад, притискане (constriction, jamming, press, squeeze), притискам (constrict, embosom, pin, pin down, pinch, press, press down, screw, snuggle, squeeze, strain, strangulate, throng, weight down), заглушаване (blackout, damping, interception, jamming), неудобно положение (discomfort, embarrassment, tight corner), смазвам (bow down, grease, lubricate, mop up, oil, overbear, overwhelm, prostrate, pulverize, slush, smash, smear, squelch, steamroller, tread down, tread under, unstring, weigh down, whelm), сладко (preserve, preserves), тъпча (cram, glut, ply, ram, shovel, squeeze, stodge, stuff, tread), тъпканица, трудно положение (rat-trap, stymie, tight corner), напъвам (strain), конфитюр (preserve, preserves), смазване (greasing, lubrication, repression, squelch), нещо приятно (picnic), натъпкване (crowding, jamming, stuffing), натъпквам (bulge, bung, compress, cram, crush, fill in, imbed, impact, lumber, pack, pack in, pump in, ram, stuff, tamp), натрупване (accretion, accumulation, agglomeration, amassment, concourse, congestion, cumulation, hilling, lodgement, lodgment), натискане (jamming, press, pressing), натискам (depress, hold down, press, press down, push down), късмет (cast, chance, fortune, godsend, hap, hit, kismet, luck, pudding-bag, score, stroke of luck). (various references) | |
Chinese | 醬 (thick sauce), 果酱 (Catsup), 果醬 . (various references) | |
Czech | marmeláda (marmalade). (various references) | |
Danish | syltetøj (marmelade), sne (snow), marmelade (marmelade), interferensfænomen (interference, jamming), interferens (intererence, interference), forstyrrelse (disorder, disordering, disturbance, failure, incident, interference, jamming, operating trouble, perturbation, to disturb, trouble). (various references) | |
Dutch | moes (gruel, marmelade, mess, mush), marmelade (marmelade), jam (marmelade). (various references) | |
Esperanto | marmelado (marmelade). (various references) | |
Farsi | فروکردن (Dig, Embed, Implant, Inculcate, Infix, Poach, Thrust), فشردگی , پارازیت دادن , متراکم کردن (Amass, Condense, Inflame), مسدودکردن (Bar, Bloc, Block, Calk, Choke, Clog, Close, Obstruct, Obturate, Preclude, Scotch), مربا (Confection, Preserve), چپاندن (Cram, Squeeze, Stuff, Thrust), گیرکردن چپاندن , وضع بغرنج , شلوغ کردن (Bustle), بستن (Assess, Attach, Bang, Bar, Belt, Bind, Bloc, Block, Blockade, Choke, Clasp, Coagulate, Congeal, Cork, Curdle, Gird, Hasp, Impute, Jell, Knit, Obturate, Padlock, Pen, Picket, Plug, Seal, Shut, Steek, Tighten, Truss, Wattle). (various references) | |
Finnish | tunkea (crowd, force, into, press, squeeze into), suma (drive), pusertaa (compress, pinch, press, squeeze), puserrus (compress, pinch, press, squeeze), puristus (compression, pressing, pressure, squeeze), puristaa (be tight, compress squeeze, oppress, press, squeeze), marmelaati (jelly sweets, marmalade), marjahillo, lukkiintua (be jammed), likistää (pinch, squeeze), hillo (preserve), häiritä (abstract, distract, disturb, divert, entertain, inconvenience, interfere, trouble). (various references) | |
French | confiture, coincer. (various references) | |
Frisian | sjem (marmelade). (various references) | |
German | Marmelade (jelly, marmalade, marmelade), Konfitüre (marmelade), klemmen (clamp, jam on, to clamp), klemme (clamp, clip, crocodile clamp, fix, grip, hole, morass, pickle, spot, tight spot), blockieren (block, block up, blockade, dam, halt, inhibit, lock, obstruct, to blockade, to inhibit). (various references) | |
Greek | μαρμελάδα (marmalade). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משבר (crisis), מעצור (balk, baulk, block, brake, check, curb, hindrance, inhibition, obstacle, rein, restraint, stopper, trammel), מרקחת (confection, marmalade, mixture spices), ללחוץ (crush, force, oppress, press, push, stress), לחיצה (clasp, compression, gripe, pressure, push), לחסום (bar, block, close, obstruct, occlude, prevent, restrain, shut, shut out, stem), להלחץ (be oppressed, be pressed), להתקע (bog, get stuck, strand), לדחוס (compress, condense, cram, crowd, stuff, supercharge, tamp, wedge), תקלה (accident, fault, hindrance, hitch, hurdle, incident, mischance, misfortune, mishap, obstacle, offence), תדחוקת (congestion, crush, overcrowding), קריש (aspic, curd, gel, jelly), פקק תנועה, רבה (conserve, jelly, preserve), צפיפות (compactness, congestion, consistency, crowding, density, squeeze, thickness). (various references) | |
Hungarian | torlódás (bottleneck, congestion, entanglement, obstruction, piling), lekvár (creampuff, cream-puff, jelly, marmalade, preserve, wimp), gyümölcsíz, dzsem (jelly, marmelade, preserves), beszorulás, tolongás (bustle, crowd, crush, general rush, press, rush, squash, squeeze), kelletlen helyzet, forgalmi torlódás (congested traffic, congestion, traffic snarl). (various references) | |
Indonesian | selai (jelly), kemacetan lalu lintas, berasak-asak (cram), asak (budge, cram). (various references) | |
Italian | pigiare (crush, pack, press, push, ram, rush, tamp, tread), marmellata (marmalade), marmelata (marmelade), ingorgo (blockage, choke, engorgement, hold up). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ジャスミン茶 (jab, jack, jackal, jack-knife, jackpot, JAL PAK, jam bun, jam session, Jamaica, jammer, jamming, Jap, Japan, Japan bashing, Japan Cup, Japan Foundation, Japan shift, Japan Society, Japan Times, Japanese, Japanese English, Japanese management, Japanese smile, Japanesque, Japanologist, Japanology, Japonaiserie, Japonica, jasmine tea, JASRAC, javelin, jazz, jazz band, jazz chorus, jazz dance, jazz festival, jazz life, jazz piano, jazz singer, jazz song, jazzmen, judge, judge paper, judgement, juggle, junction, junk, junk accessories, junk art, junk bond, junk food, junkie). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ジャム . (various references) | |
Korean | 잼. (various references) | |
Manx | soo (absorption, blot, blot as paper, exhaust, exhaustion, extract, extraction; goodness of food; berry, extraction; goodness; berry, imbibe, preserve, sap, sip; blotting, soak, soak up, soaking, suck, sucking, suction, tipple, tippling), mooghey (blank off, blot out, blow out, choking, damp, drown, dull, expire, extinction, extinguish, gulp back, hold back, hush up, quench, shut off, stamp out, stifle, suppress, switch off, turn off), lhiettrimys (bafflement, balk, balk hinderance, ban, bar, barobstruction, constriction, disqualification, drag, drawback, handicap, hang up, hazard, hindrance, hold up, impediment, injunction, obstacle, prevention, sanction, victimization), jingey (cram, crowd, crowd up, crowding, crush, embed, let in, move along, press, press forward, quoin, ram home, shove, shove forward, shoving, throng, thronging, wedge; indentation, wedging), greimmey (adhere, adherence, adherence of person, adhesion, attach, bite, bite off, catch, clutch, fishing tackle, grab, grasp, grip, gripping, hold, lock in, monopolization, nab, pin on, seize, seizing, snap, snatch, snatch away, snatching, stick, stitch, stitch up, tooth), glooid (closeness, compactness, congestion, density, size), gloo (close, close-grained; warp, close-set, close-textured, dense, fine-drawn, firm, forest, forest), serried, side bar, thick, thick as fog, thickset, thickset of hedge, tight, tight as weave), chionnal (assembly, congregation, crowd, mob, multitude, turn out, turn out of people). (various references) | |
Norwegian | trengsel (hustle), syltetøy, marmelade (marmelade), knipe, blokkering. (various references) | |
Occitan | confitura. (various references) | |
Papago | kushul. (various references) | |
Papiamen | mermelada (marmelade), marmelada (marmelade). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | amjay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | compota (compote, marmelade, preserves). (various references) | |
Romanian | a-şi strivi, blocare (drag, lock, obstruction, occlusion, pinching), bloca (bar, block, blockade, close, confine, lock, obstruct, occlude, skid, stop), belea (adversity, affliction, bother, embarrassment, mess, mishap, nuisance, pest, scrape, tribulation, trouble), apãsare (depression, heaviness, oppression, press, pressure, push, stress, weight), apãsa (bear, bear on, depress, emphasize, oppress, press, push, push down, squeeze, stress, torment, torture), înţepeni (fasten, fix, set, shackle, stiffen, stupefy, wedge), aduna (abstract, accumulate, add, add up, amass, assemble, call, cast up, collect, concentrate, congregate, crowd, deduce, engross, foot-up an account, forage, garner, gather, glean, harvest, heap, huddle up, ingather, lay in, lump, muster, pack, pick up, pile, pile up, rake together, rake up, rally, reap, scoop up, sum, take up, tot, total, troop), comprima (compress, condense, constrain, curb, hold, pack, repress, sack, squash), a-şi prinde, îngrãmãdi (accumulate, acerbate, aggregate, assemble, clump, cram, crowd, drift, garner, gather, heap, huddle, lumber, lump, pack, pile, pile up, put in a heap, squeeze, throng), înghesui (accumulate, amass, bay, beat a path, corner, cram, crib, crowd, heap, jostle, nip, pack, pile up, squeeze, stack, stuff), îndesa (clap, cluster, cram, flock, ram, stamp, stuff), încurcãturã de circulaţie, înţepenire, aglomera (accumulate, agglomerate, aggregate, conglomerate, crowd, gather, overcrowd, throng), presare (depression, nip, press, pressing, push), strângere (accumulation, amassment, clench, collection, constriction, contraction, grip, gripe, hug, nip, squeeze), strânge (accrete, accumulate, acerbate, acquire, agglomerate, amass, assemble, bind, call, chuck, clamp, clasp, clear, clench, close, collect, compress, concentrate, congregate, constrain, constrict, contract, converge, convolve, cramp, crop, crouch, crowd, crush, cull, cut, diminish, double, fasten, fold, force, garner, gather, glean, harvest, haul, hoard, house, hug, lay aside, lay by, lay in, lay up, levy, lock, lump, make up, mass, muster, nip, pack, pick, pick up, pile, pile on, pinch, press, put away, put by, rake together, rake up, rally, reap, screw, shrink, shut, squeeze, stifle, stock, store, straighten, strain, straiten, suffocate, take up, tighten, troop, warehouse), strâmtoare (awkwardness, bottle-neck, clutch, constraint, extremity, fix, gorge, gullet, gut, loss, narrow, narrows, necessity, scrape, sound, stew, Strait, trouble, unpleasant, want), se strânge (bank up, close, collect, convolve, cuddle, curl up, draw, flock, furl, herd, join, mass, mob, nuzzle, pack, pile up, snuggle, squash, squeeze, straiten), se presa, se aglomera (congest, conglomerate, crowd), bruia, pune brusc, bucluc (adversity, affliction, bother, calamity, coil, cross, disgrace, embarrassment, quagmire, scrape, tribulation, trouble, upset), presa (calender, compress, crowd, dun, force, impact, journalism, nip, press, push, squeeze, stress, urge), marmeladå (marmelade), gripare, gem (marmalade), dulceaţã (dainties, mildness, softness, sweetness, sweets, voluptuousness), ticsi (choke, cram, crowd, stuff, swarm), se înghesui (bunch together, crowd, hustle, jostle, pack, shoal, squash, squeeze). (various references) | |
Romany | tuktinav. (various references) | |
Russian | защемление (jamming), джем (marmalade, pozzy, spread), повидло (marmalade), прищемить (nip, pinch), заедание (jamming, seizing), заедать (seize), зажимать (clip, cramp, jig, pinch), зажимать замятие;давка;джем;затор, замятие бумаги, давка (cram, crowding, crush, press, squeeze), загромождение, сжатие (clutch, compression, constriction, constringency, contraction, grasp, nip, pinch, pressing, pressure, shrinkage, squeeze), защемлять, застревать, набивать битком, неловкое положение (corner), впихивать (cram), варенье (confiture, marmalade, pozzy), толчея (jumble, stamp mill, stamp-mill), сжимать (clasp, clench, compress, constrict, contract, grip, pinch, shrank, shrunk, squeeze, squeezed, strain, strangulate, tighten, vice, vise), загромождать (clutter up, encumber). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pekmez, džem (confiture), gužva (affray, brawl, crowd, crush, melee, pother, row, shindy, squeeze, stir, tussle), improvizovati (extemporize, improvise, vamp), nabijati (bulge, impale, scutch, stuff), nabiti (cram, huddle, ram), škripac (fix, hole, pinch, scrape, strait, straits), natrpati (bulk, cram, cram in, heap up, lumber, squeeze, stuff), zgnječiti (crush, squash), pritisnuti (depress, press, push, step on), trpati (crowd, put), zaglaviti (get stuck, wedge), zaglavljivanje, zakrčiti (block, congest, crowd, lumber, make jam), zapušiti (block, clog, congest, gag, obturate, occlude, plug, stop, stop up, stopple), nagurati (cram, push). (various references) | |
Spanish | mermelada (marmalade, marmelade), interferencia (interference, jamming, mush). (various references) | |
Swedish | sylt (preserve, preserves), marmelad (marmalade, marmelade), klämma (clamp, clip, pickle, pinch, press, scrape, shut, squash, squeeze), blockera (block, blockade, obstruct, occlude). (various references) | |
Thai | แออัด, แยม, สถานการณ์ที่ยุ่งยาก, การจราจรติดขัด, กด, ติด (fasten, fit, fix). (various references) | |
Turkish | sıkışıklık (block, congestion, constriction, denseness, density, press, squeeze, stringency), basit şey, basmak (affix, attack suddenly, break into, catch, come on, come upon, flood, flow, foray, impress, imprint, irrupt, letter, press, print, publish, raid, sink, spit, spit out, stamp, stencil, step, step on, stomp, strike, strike off, transfer, tread, tread on, utter, weigh), doğaçlama çalmak, durdurmak (abort, arrest, baulk, block, bring short, call a halt, call off, cease, check, choke back, choke down, choke off, collar, Crimp, deactivate, discontinue, draw up, give over, halt, hold back, hold up, intercept, intermit, jugulate, lock, paralyse, paralyze, pull in, pull up, put a stop to, shut off, stanch, staunch, stay, stem, still, stop, Stow, suppress, suspend), izdiham (concourse, confluence, conflux, congestion, cram, crowd, mob, multitude, press, squeeze, stampede, throng), kıstırmak (bring to bay, claw hold of, corner, jam in, nip, pinch, shut, shut in, tuck), kolay şey (mickey mouse, money for jam, simple thing), çocuk oyuncağı (as easy as pie, breeze, child's play, cinch, it's pie, picnic, pushover, toy), reçel (chowchow, conserve, preserve, preserves), yayını bozmak, sıkışmak (be cramped for space, be pinched, be pinched for time, be pressed for, be pushed, be stuck, be taken short, catch, jam in, squeeze, tighten), sıkıştırmak (astringe, be urgent with smb., bear against, besiege, bombard, bottle up, clamp, clamp down, clinch, come down on, compact, compress, constrict, crowd, crush, drive smb. to the wall, dun, force, grind, grip, heckle, hurry, hustle, impact, impress, incarcerate, jam in, lean on, lean upon, oppress, pin, pin down, pinch, ply, ply with, press, press for, press smb. close, push, push smb. to the wall, rush, shut in, slip into, squeeze, straiten, stress, tighten, tuck, wedge, weigh), sıkmak (ail, bore, bother, Chevy, chivvy, chivy, clench, constipate, constrict, crush, cumber, depress, distress, extrude, give the willies, grip, harass, hatchel, hold tight, incommode, irk, load, make fast, mope, oppress, pinch, press, pressurize, pull on, ream, ream out, squeeze, straiten, strangulate, tighten), tıkamak (block, block up, bung, bung up, choke, choke up, clog, congest, engorge, foul, foul up, glut, hold, obliterate, obstruct, obturate, occlude, plug, plug up, seal off, Spike, spile, stop, stop up, stopple, stuff, tampon, wad), tıkanıklık (being choked up, blockage, bottleneck, congestion, deadlock, hold up, stoppage, stuffiness, tie up), takılmak (banter, be affixed, be attached, catch, chaff, chip, guy, hang out, haunt, hook, impose oneself on, jam in, jolly, Josh, kid, lark, lark about, lark around, lock, lock on, pull smb.'s leg, rally, rib, rot, seize, seize up, snag, sport, stick, stick around, tease), tutukluk yapmak (seize, seize up), parazit yapmak (interfere, stray). (various references) | |
Turkmen | dykmak (jam in, stuff). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | стискати (astringe, clasp, constrict, contract, cramp, nip, pinch, straiten, strangulate, throttle, tighten), стискання (clasp, clench, compression, constringency, pinching), тиснява (cram, crowding), застрявати (stick), затор (congestion, dead lock, gorge, hold up, jamming, lock, stopping), загачувати (bank, barrage, bay, impound, pond, stank), переповнюватися (overbrim, overfill), джем (conserve). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tình thế khó xử, sự tọng vào, sự nhồi nhét đám đông chen chúc, sự kẹp chặt (grip), sự ép chặt sự ấn vào, điều hết sức thú vị, đám đông tắc nghẽn sự mắc kẹt. (various references) | |
Welsh | jam. (various references) | |
Zulu | ujamu (marmelade). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "jam": jamb, jambalaya, jambalayas, jambe, jambeau, jambeaux, jambed, jambes, jambing, jamboree, jamborees, jambs, jammed, jammer, jammers, jammier, jammies, jammiest, jamming, jammy, jams. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "jam": antijam, logjam, unjam. (additional references) | |
Words containing "jam": antijamming, benjamin, benjamins, doorjamb, doorjambs, enjambed, enjambement, enjambements, enjambment, enjambments, jimjams, katzenjammer, katzenjammers, logjams, pajama, pajamaed, pajamas, pyjamas, sjambok, sjamboked, sjamboking, sjamboks, unjammed, unjamming, unjams, windjammer, windjammers, windjamming, windjammings. (additional references) | |
| |
"Jam" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aj, ajam, ajan, ajh, ajm, Djem, Ijma, ja, jaa, jaan, jac, jad, jae, jaf, jah, Jaim, Jaimz, jama, Jamc, jame, jamg, jami, jammz, jamu, jamun, jamy, jani, jank, Janl, jany, jao, jaq, jarm, jarma, jarmy, jat, jau, jaum, jav, jax, jeam, jeem, jeh, jem, jen, jerm, jiam, jian, jih, jimd, jime, jimi, jiq, Jka, jm, jmi, Jnan, joim, jom, jome, jorm, jpa, jsam, jua, jum, juma, jume, Jyan, jym, kjan, Njema, xam, zam. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "jam" (pronounced ja"m) |
| 3 | j a" m | jamb. |
| 2 | -a" m | am, Bam, Nam, Pam, ram, cam, Cham, clam, cram, dam, damn, dram, exam, Flam, gram, ham, Lam, lamb, scam, sham, slam, spam, swam, Tam, tram, wham, yam. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-j-m" | |
-1 letter: am, ma. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-j-m" | |
+1 letter: jamb, jams. | |
+2 letters: jambe, jambs, jammy, joram, major, unjam. | |
+3 letters: jambed, jambes, jammed, jammer, jasmin, jetsam, jicama, jorams, jumbal, logjam, majors, masjid, pajama, ramjet, unjams. | |
+4 letters: antijam, jacamar, jambeau, jambing, jammers, jammier, jammies, jamming, jarldom, jasmine, jasmins, jazzman, jazzmen, jemadar, jemidar, jetsams, jicamas, jimjams, jobname, jumbals, junkman, juryman, logjams, mahjong, majagua, majesty, majored, majorly, masjids, mojarra, muntjac, muntjak, pajamas, pyjamas, ramjets, sjambok. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Abbreviations 18. Acronyms 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
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