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Definition: Information |
InformationNoun1. A message received and understood that reduces the recipient's uncertainty. 2. A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; "statistical data". 3. Knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction. 4. (communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome; "the signal contained thousands of bits of information". 5. Formal accusation of a crime. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "information" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Etymology: Information \In`for*ma"tion\, noun. [French expression, from the Latin expression informatio representation, cinception. See Inform, transitive verb]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | Any facts or data which can be used, transferred, or communicated. (references) |
Computing | The meaning that a human being assigns to data by means of the conventions applied to that data. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | A formal accusation by a government attorney that the defendant committed a misdemeanor. (references) |
Military | Unprocessed data of every description which may be used in the production of intelligence. See also combat information; intelligence cycle. (references) |
Military & Defense | In intelligence usage, unprocessed data of every description which may be used in the production. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Classified information is data which, for one reason or another, has been deemed to require certain security measures to protect the range of its disclosure. Often, the viewing of such information by an individual requires that the person undergo a background check; after this is satisfactorily completed, he or she is then issued a security clearance.It is often the case that sensitive information is disseminated on the basis of a need to know, which is to say if an individual needs to know certain information in order to satisfactorily perform her or his function in the organization, their viewing of that information is authorized, otherwise it is not.
Such information is called "classified" because it falls into a certain classification of sensitivity. This sort of hierarchical system is used by virtually every national government, and by many corporations as well. The United States government, for example, has a formal hierarchy of classification for sensitive data:
Classified U.S. government documents are required to be stamped with their classification at the top and bottom of each page, and there are various other regulations for the handling and storage of such documents.
- Top secret – this is the highest security level, and is defined as information which would cause "exceptionally grave damage" to national security if disclosed to the public. This classification is most often subdivided on the basis of "need to know", and includes such information as the design of cutting-edge weaponry, etc.
- Secret – the second highest classification may include, for example, details of other security measures and procedures. It is defined as information which would cause "serious damage" to national security if disclosed.
- Confidential – is the lowest classification level. It is defined as information which would "damage" national security if disclosed.
- Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) – data which is not related to national security but whose disclosure to the public could cause some harm; such data includes personal demographic information from recent censuses, for example.
- Unclassified – not technically a "classification", this is the default, and refers to information that is not sensitive and can be freely disclosed to the public. Information which was previously classified under one of the above levels is often declared "unclassified" at a certain time because its age has made its classification no longer necessary.
The classification scheme of course varies between organizations; for example, in Canada information which the U.S. would classify SBU is called "protected," and further subcategorized into levels A, B, and C.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Classified information."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Information is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, negentropy, communication, truth, representation, and mental stimulus.
Although many people speak of the advent of the "information age", the "information society", and information technologies, and even though information science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the word "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has come to acquire.
Here is a list of the most important meanings, roughly in order of narrowest to broadest:
Information as negative entropy
Information is negative entropy - the instructions that are needed to produce order or reduce uncertainty (whether about future events or past or current conditions). Information in this sense can be measured. Because it conveys accurate instructions about creating order or reducing uncertainty, it can be said to be useful, true knowledge. It helps people make judgments and take actions and in some contexts is called intelligence. By contrast, disinformation signifies the transmission of falsehoods in an attempt to alter the judgements or actions of others.
Information as a message
Information is a message, something to be communicated from the sender to the receiver, as opposed to noise, which is something that inhibits the flow of communication or creates misunderstanding. If information is viewed merely as a message, it does not have to be accurate. It may be a lie, or just a sound of a kiss. This model assumes a sender and a receiver, and does not attach any significance to the idea that information is something that can be extracted from an environment, e.g. through observation or measurement. Information in this sense is simply any message the sender chooses to create.
Information as a pattern
Information is a represented pattern. This view assumes neither accuracy nor directly communicating parties, but instead assumes a separation between an object and its representation, as well as the involvement of someone capable of understanding this relationship. This view seems therefore to require a conscious mind. Consider the following example: economic statistics represent an economy, however inaccurately. What is commonly referred to as data in computing, statistics, and other fields, are forms of information in this sense. The electro-magnetic patterns in a computer network and connected devices are related to something other than the pattern itself, such as text to be displayed and keyboard input. Signals, signs, and symbols are also in this category. Painting and drawing contain information to the extent that they represent something such as an assortment of objects on a table, a profile, or a landscape. In other words, when a pattern of something is transposed to a pattern of something else, the latter is information. This type of information still assumes some involvement of conscious mind, of either the entity constructing the representation, or the entity interpreting it.
When one constructs a representation of an object, one can selectively extract from the object (sampling) or use a system of signs to replace (coding), or both. The sampling and coding result in representation. An example of the former is a "sample" of a product; an example of the latter is "verbal description" of a product. Both contain information of the product, however inaccurate. When one interprets representation, one can predict a broader pattern from a limited number of observations (inference) or understand the relation between patterns of two different things (decoding). One example of the former is to sip a soup to know if it is spoiled; an example of the latter is examining footprints to determine the animal and its condition. In both cases, information sources are not constructed or presented by some "sender" of information. To repeat, information in this sense does not assume direct communication, but it assumes involvement of some conscious mind.
Information as sensory input
Information is any type of sensory input. When an organism with a nervous system receives an input, it transforms the input into an electrical signal. This is regarded information by some. The idea of representation is still relevant, but in a slightly different manner. That is, while abstract painting does not contain represent anything concretely, when the viewer sees the painting, it is nevertheless transformed into electrical signals that create a representation of the painting. Defined this way, information does not have to be related to truth, communication, or representation of an object. Entertainment in general is not intended to be informative. Music, the performing arts, amusement parks, works of fiction and so on are thus forms of information in this sense, but they are not forms of information according to the previous definitions above. Consider another example: food supplies both nutrition and taste for those who eat it. If information is equated to sensory input, then nutrition is not information but taste is.
Information as an influence which leads to a transformation
Information is any type of pattern that influences the formation or transformation of other patterns. In this sense, there is no need for a conscious mind to perceive, much less appreciate, the pattern. Consider, for example, DNA. The sequence of nucleotides is a pattern that influences the formation and development of an organism without any need for a conscious mind. Systems theory at times seems to refer to information in this sense, assuming information does not necessarily involve any conscious mind, and patterns circulating (due to feedback) in the system can be called information. In other words, it can be said that information in this sense is something potentially perceived as representation, though not created or presented for that purpose. When someone suggests that this world is made of information, information is defined in this way. (See Gregory Bateson.) When Marshall McLuhan speaks of media and their effects on human culures, it is about the structure of artefacts that in turn shape our behaviors and mindsets. Pheromones are often said to be information in this sense, too.
See also:
- algorithmic information theory
- entropy
- information theory
- Library and Information Science
- Medium
- information mapping
- systems theory and cybernetics
- classified information
External links
- Principia Cybernetica entry on negentropy
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Information."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Information theory is a branch of the mathematical theory of probability and mathematical statistics, that deals with the concepts of information and information entropy, communication systems, data transmission and rate distortion theory, cryptography, signal-to-noise ratios, data compression, and related topics. It is not to be confused with library and information science or information technology.
Claude E. Shannon (1916-2001) has been called "the father of information theory" (ISBN 0252725484). His theory "considered the transmission of information as a statistical phenomenon" and gave communications engineers a way to determine the capacity of a communication channel in terms of the common currency of bits. The transmission part of the theory is not "concerned with the content of information or the message itself," though the complementary wing of information theory concerns itself with content through lossy compression of messages subject to a fidelity criterion. These two wings of information theory are joined together and mutually justified by the information transmission theorems, or source-channel separation theorems that justify the use of bits as the universal currency for information in many contexts.
It is generally accepted that the modern discipline of information theory began with the publication by Claude E. Shannon of his article "The Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the Bell System Technical Journal in July and October of 1948. This work drew on earlier publications by Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley. In the process of working out a theory of communications that could be applied by electrical engineers to design better telecommunications systems, Shannon defined a measure of entropy:
that, when applied to an information source, could determine the capacity of the channel required to transmit the source as encoded binary digits. Shannon's measure of entropy came to be taken as a measure of the information contained in a message, as opposed to the portion of the message that is strictly determined (hence predictable) by inherent structures, like for instance redundancy in the structure of languages or the statistical properties of a language relating to the frequencies of occurrence of different letter or word pairs, triplets etc. See Markov chains.
Entropy as defined by Shannon is closely related to entropy as defined by physicists. Boltzmann and Gibbs did considerable work on statistical thermodynamics. This work was the inspiration for adopting the term entropy in information theory. There are deep relationships between entropy in the thermodynamic and informational senses. For instance, Maxwell's demon needs information to reverse thermodynamic entropy and getting that information exactly balances out the thermodynamic gain that the demon would otherwise achieve.
Among other useful measures of information is mutual information, a measure of the correlation between two event sets. Mutual information is defined for two events and as
where is the joint entropy or
Mutual information is closely related to the log-likelihood ratio test for multinomials and to Pearson's χ2 test.
A.N. Kolmogorov introduced an information measure that is based on the shortest algorithm that can recreate it; see Kolmogorov Complexity.
External links
- Claude E. Shannon's original paper
- On-line textbook: Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms, by David MacKay - gives an entertaining and thorough introduction to Shannon theory, including state-of-the-art methods from communication theory, such as arithmetic coding, low-density parity-check codes, and Turbo codes.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Information theory."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Instructional capital is encoded symbolic know-how that persons, communities, organizations and software exploit to predict, or avoid future events they deem not desirable, or create those they desire. It is inherently shared, predictable, and empirical. Many people or machines can read it, test it, use it, and in many cases, they can change or challenge it.Patent or non-fiction copyright laws provide a means of protection for such shared instructions when compiled and registered according to the instructions of the law itself. Law may itself be the best example of instructional capital.
As a capital asset, the Wikipedia article database itself is most reasonably considered a piece of instructional capital. When separated from the individual and social context of its users and contributors, e.g. as visible in the meta and other name-spaces, and with its brand and associated user interface removed, one is left only with - instructions.
human sometimes, individual never, social intangibly
The term seemingly originated in post-secondary school administration where budgets were forced to differentiate between "instructional" and "non-instructional" or "infrastructural capital". And, to consider their professors and other staff not simply as labor or even "human resources" but a form of "human capital" in themselves.
For instance, a professor who stands in front of a class and who writes a textbook containing the same material are clearly in some sense providing at least some of the same economic value. The individual capital of the professor (teaching ability, morale boosting, coaching, spontaneous examples) cannot be duplicated in the textbook - rather, the textbook frees the professor to do more of such work. As does the social capital, or trust, the professor puts in assistants. The theory of human capital is focused on how these three can interact.
mild variance in sociology or military usage
There is a mild variance in the usage of the term "instructional capital" in different fields, but perhaps thanks to its prevalence in university circles it is limited - sociology and military sciences have the widest variance, but it is still recognizably the same thing, assigning different roles to the individual and the society, but always acknowledging and separating out the "instructional" from either:
In sociology it is often overlapped or confused with human capital although Oliver Harding, focusing specifically on promoting human health, is careful to differentiate instructional and individual contributions of the professions and their practitioners, from the larger question of social trust. Hospitals, like universities, are careful about these distinctions.
However, more general studies of social capital, e.g. by Paul Adler, draw broader strokes and may sometimes assume instructional capital that is implicitly passed between individuals, e.g. "implicature" or "moot" assumptions that are not questioned but passed on as part of nonverbal or gestural communication, or simply indistinguishable as a cultural bias.
In military circles (and some dotcom schemes) instructional capital is sometimes called knowledge capital where it focuses on preventing the "indiscriminate discarding of knowledge as an enterprise asset," Strassmann, and can more easily ignore the voluntary nature of instructions passing from persons to persons in non-military roles.
However, in macro-economics, instructional capital is usually considered part of human capital and not differentiated from individual capital or social capital assets. This may be closest to the military usage.
The understanding reflected here is closer to the more standard medical usage.
instructions drive infrastructure - and people?
Instructions are very strongly associated with infrastructural capital, e.g. textbook experiments or patented blueprints cannot yield real results or objects without requisite apparatus, nor the trades, documents, training and certification programs required to operate it. Perhaps the most strongly bound type of instructions is software code running on computers - the political economy implied by "Code" was explored in Lawrence Lessig's 1999 book of the same name. He argued that without control of code, there is no way to control coders, user interfaces, and therefore, ultimately, users.
In effect, code is just "intellectual capital without the people" - indeed, it can be autonomous, as software is, and work with little or no human individual intervention. It can control people, potentially, if they are obedient to what they see on a screen, or whispered in their ears by someone.
It may even control people or their careers quite completely, as evidenced by the way suicide bombers can be reliably motivated from certain deprived populations, or the way that Chinese railway engineers under Mao were assigned to one locomotive for their entire careers, and learned that equipment inside out - often retiring with it. A similar strategy was employed by the Soviet Union - which would retire its equipment and its reservists in regular cycles, and bring them back into active service together. Thus, older reservists would patrol Soviet streets using older equipment while younger ones were elsewhere with the very latest weaponry.
Such examples, and the milder analysis of Lessig, spark us to ask "who's using who?" Often, people in such roles seem relegated to, or assumed to have, no individual capital at all - Maoism or capitalism have no monopoly on treating humans as property, as products, even as "commodities".
instructions as property, weapons, art
Such arguments are part of a broader debate about political economy, intellectual capital, creativity, artificial intelligence, nonproliferation and the role of individuals in choosing, learning, compiling and sharing codes - dangerous or otherwise. Probably because of the drastically different outcomes of using instructions different ways, this debate assumes very different roles for individuals and their creative or moral contributions. This is expressed in the range of entities that are concerned about, and study, instructional capital in use and action:
Military agencies, trade unions, professions, guilds and corporations are often major repositories of instructional capital, maintaining it as a barrier to entry and a means of risk management, i.e. controlling competitive entries, e.g. with a patent pool, or control over certification procedures or licenses, simple secrecy, or "security by obscurity", i.e. rendering instructions incomprehensible to an outsider.
political economy as instructional capital?
Most theories of political economy, being instructional capital in and of themselves, predictably put instructional capital in a somewhat central role:
Karl Marx, and most forms of socialism and trade unionism that he influenced, emphasized the inherent political power of controlling an enterprises' instructional capital. IBM in the 1970s and Microsoft in the 1990s were respectively accused of monopolistic practices in the handling of their instructional capital, most notably, their computer operating systems.
Unlike IBM or Microsoft, Marx admitted that his goal was to seek monopoly in the form of the dictatorship of the proletariat. However, he abandoned this objective, when he realized that such a monopoly was inherently inefficient, and that instructions would have to be controlled closer to point where they were used - syndicalism echoes some of these concerns and heavily influenced modern trade unionism.
what's the consensus?
All three (Marx, IBM, and Microsoft) were concerned with organizing those workers who were closest to the infrastructural capital (i.e. factories, computers) and promulgating a certain interpretation of it to monopolize the way they discussed, thought about, and directly used means of production. In all three cases, control of the dictionary in which instructions were to be expressed, was thought to be crucial.
As with micro-economics and factors of production, there is little difference between the way different macro- and political theories define or exploit instructional capital. Academics who agree strongly with Marx can use computers made by IBM and software from Microsoft, and few would argue that off-loading individual responsibilities onto reliable instructions or the social network of their colleagues and teaching assistants does not in some way improve "production" of the competences they are there to "teach".
Relation to other terms
Some debates around instructional capital have been framed under the title intellectual capital. However that term does not describe a capital asset, as "intellect" is not as specific or actionable a concept as "instruction".
In human development theory, instructional along with individual and social make up so-called human capital (as that term is understood in macro-economics).
See: capital (economics), individual capital, social capital
External links
- Harding, London Health Observatory
- Knowledge Capital, Strassmann
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Instructional capital."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| IN | English | Information network | Computing |
| INC | French | Information non codée | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: InformationSynonyms: data (n), entropy (n), info (n), selective information (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Concealment | Background information, deep background information, deep background; background session, backgrounder; not for attribution |
Information | Noun: information, enlightenment, acquaintance, knowledge; publicity; data. |
Information theory. | |
Adverb: from information received. | |
Knowledge | Erudition, learning, lore, scholarship, reading, letters; literature; book madness; book learning, bookishness; bibliomania, bibliolatry; information, general information; store of knowledge; education; (teaching); culture, menticulture, attainments; acquirements, acquisitions; accomplishments; proficiency; practical knowledge; (skill); liberal education; dilettantism; rudiments; (beginning). |
Lawsuit | Pleadings; declaration, bill, claim; proces verbal; bill of right, information, corpus delicti; affidavit, state of facts; answer, reply, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder; surrebutter, surrejoinder. |
Learning | Verb: learn; acquire knowledge, gain knowledge, receive knowledge, take in knowledge, drink in knowledge, imbibe knowledge, pick up knowledge, gather knowledge, get knowledge, obtain knowledge, collect knowledge, glean knowledge, glean information, glean learning. |
Noun: learning; acquisition of knowledge; acquisition of skill; acquirement, attainment; edification, scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge, lore, wide information; self-instruction; study, reading, perusal; inquiry. | |
Messenger | Telegraph, telephone; cable, wire (electronic information transmission); carrier pigeon. |
News | Noun: news; information; piece of news, budget of news, budget of information; intelligence, tidings. |
Media, news media, the press, the information industry; newspaper, magazine, tract, journal, gazette, publication; radio, television, ticker (electronic information transmission). | |
Publication | Verb: publish; make public, make known; (information); speak of, talk of; broach, utter; put forward; circulate, propagate, promulgate; spread, spread abroad; rumor, diffuse, disseminate, evulugate; put forth, give forth, send forth; emit, edit, get out; issue; bring before the public, lay before the public, drag before the public; give out, give to the world; put about, bandy about, hawk about, buzz about, whisper about, bruit about, blaze about; drag into the open day; voice. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Information |
| English words defined with "information": information bulletin, information gathering, information measure, information processing, information return, information science, information theory, inside information, insider information. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "information": Intelligentiary. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Information" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (advice), Danish (account, information), French (edition, enquiry, information, news, news item, preexamination, report), German (blurb, info, inforamtion, information, message), Swedish (data, information, intelligence, lowdown). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | For your information, the Supreme Court has roundly rejected prior restraint (The Big Lebowski; writing credit: Ethan Coen; Joel Coen) Well, at least the information in Artoo is still intact (Star Wars; writing credit: George Lucas) In this day and age, David, nothing costs more than information. (Artificial Intelligence: AI; writing credit: Ian Watson) He decided to put his information to good use and make a little money off of it. What could be more American than that (Clue; writing credit: Jonathan Lynn) In a few moments, transverse magneto energy will surge through your brain, unlocking information hidden deep and dormant that could hold the key to Earth's very survival (Men in Black II; writing credit: Lowell Cunningham; Robert Gordon) | |
Lyrics | Look for your information (The Look Of Love; performing artist: ABC) Getting high on information (Californication; performing artist: Red Hot Chili Peppers) About some useless information ((I CAN'T GET NO) SATISFACTION; performing artist: The Rolling Stones) He's tellin' me more and more about some useless information ("Satisfaction"; performing artist: The Rolling Stones) First class information (I'm Your Man; performing artist: Wham!) | |
Clever | BIBLE: Best Information Before Leaving Earth. (references; author: unknown) Information is giving out. Communication is getting through. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | General Information (1966) Information Received (1962) Inside Information (1957) The Information Machine (1957) Operation Information (1952) | |
Song Titles | Walking Away (performing artist: Information Society) What's On Your Mind (Pure Energy) (performing artist: Information Society) WHAT'S GOIN ON (PURE ENERGY) (performing artist: Information Society ) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Pictured are two scientists conferring over a graph. They are in lab coats in an office setting. The new technology available to the scientists today plays an important role in providing them with needed detailed information. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | DNA microarray technology is a powerful new research tool that allows scientists to assess the level of expression of a large subset of the 100,000 human genes in a cell or tissue. This technology can quickly produce a snapshot of the genes that are active in a tumor cell, critical information in narrowing the precise molecular causes of a cancer. Two different images available. First is of female lab technician sitting at computer that displays a microarray. The second is a man at same setting. Credit: Bill Branson. |
 | Example of Geographic Information System (GIS) Image of area of study from chlorine tank rupture in Alberton, Montana. Credit: CDC. |  | In remote areas with little human habitation, the most appropriate action may be to post signs on the roads entering the epizootic area to warn people, and provide information on personal protection and plague prevention. Credit: CDC. |
 | "Scherk's Surface 2" by Carlos César de Araújo. Click on Edit inside DPGraph for more information. |  | "Gyroid" by Carlos César de Araújo. An approximation to a triply periodic minimal surface discovered by Alan Schoen. Click on Edit inside DPGraph for more information. |
 | A schematic view of RAR and echo-sounding Diagram in public information brochure. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Chief Boatswain Joe Dimartino instructing winch operators during CTD operations CTD - Conductivity, Temperature, Depth measurements MT. MITCHELL CTD's used to determine ocean sound velocity structure Sound velocity information used to correct soundings In support of bathymetric mapping operations. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Herb Meyers observing sun azimuth for position information. Minnesota Camp to Byrd Station Traverse. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Using an evacuated glass flask to collect air sample to be analyzed for carbon dioxide. This information will be added to the historic Scripps (Charles Keeling) long-term CO2 record. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Information" by João Estêvão A. De Freitas Commentary: "Information in the airport." | "NYC Cab" by Jonathan Morton Commentary: "Passenger information on back seat of New York City Cab." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Consumer's Information Guide | You can't fool all the people all the time -- highway interchange signs come pretty close, however. |
George E. Danielson | [TryIng to obtain information from Mr. Mitchell was] Like trying to nail a drop of water to the wall. |
Oscar Wilde | Private information is practically the source of every large modern fortune. |
Pauline Kael | In the arts, the critic is the only independent source of information. The rest is advertising. |
Samuel Johnson | Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it. |
Thomas Jefferson | Information is the currency of democracy. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | And if such are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be detained, without injury to their bodies or goods, until information be received by us, or by our chief justiciar, how the merchants of our land found in the land at war with us are treated; and if our men are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | The freedom of a man at years of discretion, and the subjection of a child to his parents, whilst yet short of that age, are so consistent, and so distinguishable, that the most blinded contenders for monarchy, by right of fatherhood, cannot miss this difference; the most obstinate cannot but allow their consistency: for were their doctrine all true, were the right heir of Adam now known, and by that title settled a monarch in his throne, invested with all the absolute unlimited power Sir R[obert] F[ilmer] talks of; if he should die as soon as his heir were born, must not the child, notwithstanding he were never so free, never so much sovereign, be in subjection to his mother and nurse, to tutors and governors, till age and education brought him reason and ability to govern himself and others? The necessities of his life, the health of his body, and the information of his mind, would require him to be directed by the will of others, and not his own; and yet will any one think, that this restraint and subjection were inconsistent with, or spoiled him of that liberty or sovereignty he had a right to, or gave away his empire to those who had the government of his nonage? This government over him only prepared him the better and sooner for it. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Such average shall be determined after reference to all available official information and statistics. (reference) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | He knew of no one but Mrs. Goddard to whom he could apply for information of her relations or friends |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Whether by information obtained, or by instinct, or by chance, he came by the little Rue Mondetour |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | If we refused, or rather used up, such paltry information as we get, the oracles would distinctly inform us how this might be done |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | NHLBI Information Center P. (references) | |
News and Information Services. (references) | ||
Impotence Information Center P. (references) | ||
Business | Contact information follows. (references) | |
Product information in French is vital in Morocco. (references) | ||
Another source of early information is Japan's ODAI firms. (references) | ||
Children | India | It is gathering information on such cases and forwarding assessments to concerned NGO's and government entities. (references) |
Mozambique | Some remedial government programs continued, including programs on education, information dissemination, health care, and family reunification. (references) | |
Dominican Republic | It carried out community information campaigns on children's rights, including the prevention of child abuse, child labor, and family violence. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Cuba | Distribution of information continued to be controlled tightly. (references) |
United Arab Emirates | By law the Ministry of Information must license all publications. (references) | |
Equatorial Guinea | All journalists must be registered with the Ministry of Information. (references) | |
Economic History | Peru | Trading on insider information is a crime. (references) |
China | Go to www.fas.usda.gov for more information. (references) | |
Italy | American banks also provide credit information services. (references) | |
Human Rights | India | In June the Information Technology Act was passed. (references) |
Liberia | No additional information was available at year's end. (references) | |
Guyana | The GHRA received information that Gonsalves was unarmed. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Australia | A 1993 survey indicated that 14.25 percent of Australian land is owned or controlled by Aboriginal people, according to the Australian Surveying and Land Information Group. (references) |
Brazil | Preliminary information indicates that there have been significant advances in indigenous health since the Ministry of Health's National Health Foundation (FUNASA) became involved in providing health care to indigenous populations. (references) | |
Congo | Many Pygmies, possibly including children, have been exploited as cheap labor and discriminated against in employment, education, and the health sector by Bantus; however, there was no information regarding the extent of the problems during the year. (references) | |
Minorities | Liberia | Little reliable information is readily available about traditions associated with ritual killings. (references) |
Russia | Of these cases, 8 ended up in court; however, there is no information on the number of convictions that resulted. (references) | |
China | A Uighur-language press exists in Xinjiang, but it has a very small circulation, and much of the population depends on market rumors for information. (references) | |
Political Economy | EGYPT | It has not taken any action yet on the Information Technology Agreement. (references) |
COLOMBIA | A commercial presence is required to provide information processing services. (references) | |
Vietnam | These committees share information, develop position papers, sponsor speakers, etc. (references) | |
Political Rights | Korea | Very little reliable information is available on intraregime politics following Kim Il Sung's death. (references) |
Libya | The committees approve all candidates in elections for the GPC. There is no reliable information on the representation of women and minorities in the Government. (references) | |
Iraq | However, a Ministry of Culture and Information magazine later reported that the only two groups that attempted to form a party were refused for having an insufficient number of members. (references) | |
Trade | Argentina | See program information below. (references) |
Dominican Rep | Anecdotal evidence confirms this information. (references) | |
Canada | This information can be in either English or French. (references) | |
Travel | Sri Lanka | See appendix E for contact information. (references) |
Armenia | Often, they are unwilling to provide necessary information. (references) | |
Russia | In turn, these gangs use the information to extort foreigners. (references) | |
Women | Afghanistan | Such incidents generally went unreported, and most information was anecdotal. (references) |
Liechtenstein | Their chief concerns were public affairs, information, legal counseling, lobbying, and other political activities. (references) | |
Hungary | Victims of domestic violence may obtain help and information via a national hot line or at one of several shelters. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Mexico | Federal and state authorities exchange information. (references) |
Armenia | Reliable information on trafficking has been difficult to obtain. (references) | |
Syria | The GFTU is an information channel between political decisionmakers and workers. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | INCUBUS, n. One of a race of highly improper demons who, though probably not wholly extinct, may be said to have seen their best nights. For a complete account of incubi and succubi, including incubae and succubae, see the Liber Demonorum of Protassus (Paris, 1328), which contains much curious information that would be out of place in a dictionary intended as a text-book for the public schools. Victor Hugo relates that in the Channel Islands Satan himself -- tempted more than elsewhere by the beauty of the women, doubtless -- sometimes plays at incubus, greatly to the inconvenience and alarm of the good dames who wish to be loyal to their marriage vows, generally speaking. A certain lady applied to the parish priest to learn how they might, in the dark, distinguish the hardy intruder from their husbands. The holy man said they must feel his brown for horns; but Hugo is ungallant enough to hint a doubt of the efficacy of the test. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Ann Richards | That's a wish. That hasn't happened yet. But if the United States has information that justifies an invasion of Iraq, I think the administration needs to share that with us. |
Dan Rather | I do believe in driving and driving hard to the heart of a story, getting as close as possible to a newsmaker and putting the information out there. |
Dennis Miller | Intelligence agencies don't share information with each other. |
Donald Rumsfeld | You bet. You bet we are. And the things that are classified ought not to be given to anybody accept those that are cleared for classified information. |
Heather Mills McCartney | If you go onto my Web site or e-mail Heather@heathermills.org we can give you all the information where you can get this prosthesis. |
Jeffrey Skilling | When we made the decisions, based on the information we had at the time, I think we made the right decisions. |
Mary Tyler Moore | I'm not going to tell you. I can't. Because it's been my experience in the past if I give away too much information, something awful happens and it doesn't work. |
Pete Domenici | Well, I don't want to disagree with that. I'm not sure that is all the information they had. If that is the extent of it. I would think they ought to be looking very carefully, but I think they had some other information. |
Rush Limbaugh | Clearly, it is more than just bad citizenship to disclose classified information to the media. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | But if the Executive is to be the resort in either of the two last-mentioned cases, it is hoped that he will be authorized by law to have facts ascertained by the courts when for his own information he shall request it. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | Further information on this subject will be communicated in the course of the session. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Whether a regular army is to be raised, and to what extent, must depend on the information so shortly expected. |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | The act of Congress providing for the equipment of our vessels of war having been fully carried into execution, I refer to the statement of the Secretary of the Navy for the information which may be proper on that subject. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | For such a digest it will be necessary that the information be full, minute, and precise. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | Yet they contained much valuable information, and may by some supplementary provision of the law be rendered more effective. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Official information of the exchange of ratifications in the United States reached Paris whilst the Chambers were in session. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | There are also serious gaps in our statistical information. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Now we move to an age of technology, information, and global competition. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | We affirm the right of parents to have better information about the schools, and to make crucial decisions about their children's future. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Information" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.95% of the time. "Information" is used about 38,618 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.95% | 38,600 | 213 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.05% | 18 | 82,615 |
| Total | 100.00% | 38,618 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| China | CITIC Guoan Information Industry | Germany | Biodata Information Technology AG |
| Hong Kong | Era Information & Entertainment Ltd. | Japan | Daiwabo Information System Co., Ltd. |
| Netherlands | European Marketing Information Services | South Korea | Insung Information |
| United Kingdom | Northgate Information Solutions Plc | USA | Advanced Digital Information Corpn |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "information": a piece of information ♦ A rule based approach to information systems development ♦ abuse of information ♦ access to information ♦ action information center ♦ active public information ♦ active public information policy ♦ ad from information received ♦ additional information ♦ additional information indicator ♦ additional information type ♦ adequate information ♦ advanced travel information ♦ advanced traveler information system ♦ advanced traveller information system ♦ aerodrome flight information service ♦ aeronautical information circular ♦ aeronautical information overprint ♦ aeronautical information publication ♦ aeronautical information service ♦ allied press information center ♦ Ambulatory Care Information Systems ♦ american Standard Code for Information Interchange ♦ analog information ♦ analogue information ♦ application error information ♦ application information ♦ automatic terminal information service ♦ auxiliary information channel ♦ bachman Information Systems ♦ background information ♦ balance of payment information from customer message ♦ basic information ♦ be primed with information ♦ binary unit of information content ♦ bull Information Systems ♦ bundle information ♦ business and information modeling ♦ business and information modelling ♦ business information modeling ♦ business information modelling ♦ CAMEL subscription information ♦ campus Wide Information System ♦ Cancer Information Service ♦ ciphering and scrambling of information ♦ classified information ♦ Clinical Laboratory Information Systems ♦ Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems ♦ coalition for Networked Information ♦ code of fair information practice ♦ collected address information ♦ College Marketing General Information Services ♦ color coding of traffic flow information ♦ colour coding of traffic flow information ♦ combat information ♦ combat information center ♦ commercial vehicle information systems network ♦ committed information rate ♦ common Management Information Protocol ♦ common Management Information Services ♦ communications and information system ♦ compiler Language for Information Processing ♦ compulink Information eXchange ♦ compuserve Information Service ♦ confidential information ♦ contact information ♦ cooperative Information System ♦ corporate information systems officer ♦ crumbs of information ♦ customer Information Control System ♦ customer Information Systems ♦ deep background information ♦ defense Data Network Network Information Center ♦ defense Information Systems Agency ♦ derived information ♦ Development of a multimedia information transaction and dissemination tool ♦ dig for information ♦ director of information systems ♦ directory information base ♦ directory information tree ♦ Directory Information Tree structure rule ♦ documentary credit transfer information message ♦ draw information ♦ Drug Information Services ♦ electronic information service ♦ encoded information type ♦ environmental information dissemination ♦ European Information Researchers Network ♦ european Strategic Programme for Research in Information Technology ♦ European Survey of Information Society Projects and Actions ♦ evaluate information ♦ exploitation of knowledge of confidential information ♦ false information ♦ fast information block ♦ fast information channel ♦ fast information group ♦ federal Information Exchange ♦ federal Information Processing Standards ♦ financial Information eXchange ♦ financial institution information ♦ fish for information. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "information": information-age, information-base, information-based, information-bearing, information-broking, information-carrying, information-collecting, information-containing, information-content, information-controlling, information-crazed, information-dependent, information-driven, information-expectancy, information-exploration, information-flows, information-gap, information-gathering, information-giver, information-givers, information-giving, information-handling, information-holding, information-independent, information-intensive, information-laden, information-led, information-limitation, information-line, information-more, information-motivated, information-only, information-packed, information-packs, information-poor, information-presented, information-processing, information-processors, information-receiver, information-related, information-retrieval, information-rich, information-seekers, information-seeking, information-selling, information-services, information-sharing, information-swopping, information-systems, information-technology, information-that, information-theory, information-this, information-transmission. | |
Ending with "information": issue-information, non-information, point-of-information. | |
Containing "information": distributed-information-delivery, post-information-technology. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "information"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | kennisgewing (account, advice, announcement, communication, message, notice, report), inligting (account), informasie (account), berig (account, advice, announcement, communication, message, notice, report). (various references) | |
Albanian | informatë (hint), informacion (data, despatch, dispatch, dope, inquiry, light, material), të dhëna (account, conferment, data, evidence, input, particular, record, records), njoftime, njoftim (advertisement, announcement, annunciation, banns, blurb, cry, data, despatch, dispatch, knowledge, message, news, note, notice, notification, placard, proclamation, report, service, tidings, tip off), kallëzim (delation, informing, narration). (various references) | |
Arabic | تعليم (instruction, training), معلومات (acquaintance, datum, dope, input, notion, poop, reference), معارف, معرفة (acquaintance, awareness, cognition, cognizance, conversance, education, erudition, familiarity, knowing, knowledge, learning, lore, scholarship), حقائق (data, datum, facts), المعلومات, إتهام رسمي (complaint), إستعلامات, إستخبارات (intelligence), إعلام (advice, intimation, notice, notification, publication), إطلاع (acquaintance, initiation, reading), أنباء (news, tidings). (various references) | |
Basque | argibideak. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сведения (dope, intelligence, record, report), факти (circs, data, evidence, instructions, low down, rights), тъжба (gravamen, litigation, plaint, plea, suit), осведомяване, осведоменост (awareness, cognizance, conversance, privity), обвинение (accusal, accusation, arraignment, charge, crimination, incrimination, inculpation, indictment, reproach), знания (acquaintance, acquirements, attainments, familiarity, knowledge, lore), знание (cognition, cognizance, familiarity, knowing, knowledge, notion, privity, wisdom), полицейски акт, информация (intelligence), донесение (relation), данни (data, evidence, findings, makings, reading, record). (various references) | |
Chinese | 信息 (message, news). (various references) | |
Croatian | informaciju. (various references) | |
Czech | informace (inquiry), znalost (acquaintance, command, know how, knowledge), udání, denunciace (denouncement, denunciation). (various references) | |
Danish | information (account). (various references) | |
Dutch | informatie (account). (various references) | |
Esperanto | informo, informaĵo. (various references) | |
Estonian | informatsiooni. (various references) | |
Faeroese | upplýsing (account, reference). (various references) | |
Farsi | پرسشگاه , مفروضات , معلومات (Witting, Wives), سوابق (Data, Dossier), خبررسانی , اگاهگان , استخبار, اطلاعات (Data, Witting), اطلاع (Advice, Datum, Notice, Notification), اخبار (News). (various references) | |
Finnish | informaatio (amount of information), ilmoitus (ad, advertisement, announcement, notice, notification, statement), ilmianto, tieto (intelligence, knowledge, notice), tiedot (data), tiedonanto (bulletin, communication, notice, report), selko (clearness). (various references) | |
French | information (amount of information, INFO). (various references) | |
Galician | información. (various references) | |
German | information (blurb, info, inforamtion, message), Auskunft (account, advice, announcement, communication, enquiry, information bureau, information desk, inquiry, inquiry desk, message, notice, report), informationen (blurb, informations, intelligence, news), Bescheid (account, decision, notice, notification). (various references) | |
Greek | πληροφορία (advice, communication, dope, intelligence, reference, tip off). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מידע (informative), מודיעין (intelligence), ידיעות (acquirements, knowledge), ידיעה (news), אינפורמציה. (various references) | |
Hungarian | felvilágosítás (account, enlightening, enlightenment, explanation, misdirection, reference), értesülés (intelligence, oil). (various references) | |
Icelandic | upplýsingar. (various references) | |
Indonesian | tuturan (discourse, narrative, story), penyuluhan (elucidation, illumination), pengaduan (complaint, demunciation), keterangan (annotation, data, elucidation). (various references) | |
Irish | eolas (knowledge). (various references) | |
Italian | informazione (enquiry, inquiry, word), ragguaglio (details), informazioni (advice, intelligence). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 便り (correspondence, letter, news, tidings). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | こころえ (knowledge), ちしき (knowledge), みきき (experience, observation), じょうほう (established rule, intelligence, Kyoto and vicinity, multiplicative, upper region or part, usual method), けんもん (driving away melancholy, examination, inspection, observation, powerful family), けんぶん (colorful pattern, examination, inspection, observation, survey), インフォ , インフォメーション , ちゅうしん (balance, center, core, devotion, emphasis, faithfulness, heart, innermost feelings, loyal retainer, loyal subject, making a report, moderate earthquake, pivot), あんない (guidance, leading), たより (correspondence, dependence, letter, news, reliance, tidings), こうほう (behind, communique, further information, high mountain, in back, in the rear, later or latest report, lofty peak, method of construction, navigation, official bulletin, PR, public law, public relations, publicity, sailing), いっぽう (in turn, meanwhile, on the other hand, one direction, one party, one side, one way, only, simple, the other party), ほう (Act, cannon, divide, emulate, follow, gun, imitate, male phoenix bird, punishment, retribution, salary, side), ほうち (constitutional government, daimiate, fief, intelligence, leave alone, leave as is, leave to chance, neglect, news), ほうこく (patriotism, report, report given to deity or nobility), ほうどう (report), すいきょう (instruction, vagary, whim), インフォーメーシオン . (various references) | |
Korean | 정보 (intelligence). (various references) | |
Manx | oayllys (awareness, dope, guidance, know-how, knowledge, lore), fysseree (clairvoyance, foreknowledge, prescience, science, supernatural knowledge), fys (advice, cognition, cognizance, intelligence, intimation, knowledge, notice, notification, science, sixth sense). (various references) | |
Norwegian | opplysning (account, illumination). (various references) | |
Papiamen | informashon (account). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | informationay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | informação (advice, communication, data, inquiry, placard, report, warning, word). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | informações. (various references) | |
Romanian | informare (informing, report), informaţii (acquaintance), veste (hearing, message, news, piece of news, report, rumor, rumour, tidings), noutãţi (news, tidings), luare de cunoştinţã, denunţ (delation, denunciation, relation), delaţiune (delation, denouncement), cunoştinţe (acquaintance, acquirement, knowledge, learning, lore, science, the furniture of one's mind), ştiri (news). (various references) | |
Russian | информация (clue, info). (various references) | |
Scottish | forfhais, foras, fios (acquaintance, knowledge, message, notice), brath (knowledge, word; intention). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | informacije (poop, tip off), informacija, podatak (datum, fact), obaveštenje (dispatch, message, notification, tip). (various references) | |
Spanish | información (account, blow, data, dope, enlightenment, intelligence, item), informacion, informe (advice, dossier, formless, gossip, instruction, pleading, reference, report, shapeless). (various references) | |
Swedish | information (data, intelligence, lowdown), upplysning (civilization, credit report, culture, edification, enlightenment, explanation, gen, illumination, intelligence, lighting, lowdown, poop), underrättelse (intelligence, news, notification). (various references) | |
Tahitian | ha'amaramaramara'a. (various references) | |
Turkish | istihbarat (intelligence), iddia (allegation, argument, assertion, asseveration, averment, bet, charge, claim, contention, contest, pleading, pretence, pretense, pretension, protestation, say so, submission), malumat (data, datum, knowledge), haber (announcement, communication, datum, Gen, Griff, griffin, info, item, knowledge, message, news, report, tidings, word), enformasyon, danışma (advice, advisory, consultation, consultative, counsel, deliberation, information desk, inquiry), bilgi edinme, bilgi (acquaintance, cognizance, conveyance, data, dope, Gen, gleanings, Griff, griffin, info, inside dope, instructions, intelligence, know how, knowledge, learning, line, lore, notice, report, savvy, word), bildirme (announcement, declaration, intimation, lodgement, lodgment, statement), şikâyet (beef, complaint, delation, grievance, plaint, remonstrance, squawk). (various references) | |
Turkmen | izweюeniяe, d (tie). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | скарга (appeal, beef, belly ache, bill, complaint, gravamen, grievance, libel, moan, peeve, quarrel), інформація (advice, data, intelligence, light), обізнаність (conversance, privity). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tài liệu (advance, bumf, data, document, material), sự thông tin tin tức, sự cung cấp tin tức. (various references) | |
Welsh | hysbysrwydd. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | delatura, delaturam, indiciis, indicio, indicium. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | vaêdha. (various references) |
| Arabic | 500-Modern | ta'rif. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 2 Samuel Chapter 13, Verse 30 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai egeneto autwn ontwn en th odw kai h akoh hlqen proV dauid legwn epataxen abessalwm pantaV touV uiouV tou basilewV kai ou kateleifqh ex autwn oude eiV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Cumque adhuc pergerent in itinere fama praevenit ad David dicens percussit Absalom omnes filios regis et non remansit ex eis saltem unus |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And whanne yit thei wenten in the weye, fame cam fulli to Dauyd, seiynge, Absolon hath smytyn alle the sones of the kyng, and there lafte not of hem nameli oone. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that tidings came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king's sons, and there is not one of them left. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that information came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king's sons, and there is not one of them left. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Now while they were on their way, news was given to David that Absalom had put to death all the sons of the king and that not one of them was still living. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 2 Samuel Chapter 13, Verse 30 |
| Cebuano | ¶ Ug nahitabo, nga samtang diha, pa sila sa dalan, ang mga balita mingdangat kang David, nga nagaingon: Gipatay ni Absalom ang tanang mga anak nga lalake sa hari, ug walay usa kanila nga nahabilin. |
| Croatian | Dok su oni još bili na putu, doðe ovakva vijest Davidu: "Abšalom je pobio sve kraljeve sinove, nije ostao od njih ni jedan jedini." |
| Danish | Medens de endnu var undervejs, nåede det Rygte David: "Absalon har hugget alle Kongesønnerne ned, ikke en eneste er tilbage af dem!" |
| Dutch | En het geschiedde, als zij op den weg waren, dat het gerucht tot David kwam, dat men zeide: Absalom heeft al de zonen des konings geslagen, en er is niet een van hen overgelaten. |
| Finnish | Heidän vielä ollessaan matkalla tuli Daavidille sanoma: "Absalom on surmannut kaikki kuninkaan pojat, niin ettei heistä ole jäänyt jäljelle ainoatakaan". |
| French | Comme ils étaient en chemin, le bruit parvint à David qu`Absalom avait tué tous les fils du roi, et qu`il n`en était pas resté un seul. |
| German | Und da sie noch auf dem Wege waren, kam das Gerücht vor David, daß Absalom hätte alle Kinder des Königs erschlagen, daß nicht einer von ihnen übrig wäre. |
| Haitian Creole | ¶ Yo te sou chemen lakay yo toujou, lè David vin pran nouvèl Absalon touye dènye pitit gason li yo, pa gen yonn ki chape. |
| Hungarian | Mikor pedig még az útban voltak, a hír eljutott Dávidhoz, mondván: Mind megölte Absolon a király fiait, egy sem maradt meg közülök. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Sementara mereka masih dalam perjalanan pulang, diberitahu orang kepada Daud, "Absalom telah membunuh semua putra Baginda--tak seorang pun yang hidup!" |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka sementara mereka ini berjalan, tiba-tiba sampailah kabarnya kepada Daud, mengatakan: Bahwa Absalom sudah membunuh segala putera baginda, seorang juapun tiada yang tinggal dengan hidupnya. |
| Italian | Mentre essi erano ancora per strada, giunse a Davide questa notizia: «Assalonne ha ucciso tutti i figli del re e neppure uno è scampato». |
| Maori | ¶ I a ratou ano i te ara, ka tae te rongo ki a Rawiri, ka korerotia, Kua patua e Apoharama nga tama katoa a te kingi, kihai hoki tetahi o ratou i mahue. |
| Norwegian | Mens de ennu var på veien, kom det rykte til David: Absalom har slått alle kongens sønner ihjel, og ikke en eneste av dem er blitt tilbake. |
| Portuguese | Enquanto eles ainda estavam em caminho, chegou a Davi um rumor, segundo o qual se dizia: Absalão matou todos os filhos do rei; nenhum deles ficou. |
| Rumanian | Pe cknd erau pe drum, a ajuns zvonul la David cq Absalom, a ucis pe toyii fiii kmpqratului, wi cq n`a mai rqmas niciunul din ei. |
| Russian | лПЗДБ ПОЙ ВЩМЙ ЕЭЕ ОБ РХФЙ, ДПЫЕМ УМХИ ДП дБЧЙДБ, ЮФП бЧЕУУБМПН ХНЕТФЧЙМ ЧУЕИ ГБТУЛЙИ УЩОПЧЕК, Й ОЕ ПУФБМПУШ ОЙ ПДОПЗП ЙЪ ОЙИ. |
| Swedish | Medan de ännu voro på väg, kom till David ett rykte om att Absalom hade huggit ned alla konungens söner, så att icke en enda av dem fanns kvar. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "information": informational, informationally, informations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "information": disinformation, misinformation, noninformation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "information": disinformations, misinformations, noninformations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Information" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: iformation, iinformation, imformation, indoramin, infirmation, infomation, infomration, inforamtion, inforation, informacion, informate, informati, Informatii, informatin, informatio, informations, Informativna, informatuion, informition, infromation, inmformation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "information" (pronounced i'nfermā"shun or i'nfô"rmā"shun) |
| 9 | i' n f er m ā" sh u n | disinformation, misinformation. |
| 8 | -n f er m ā" sh u n | confirmation, reconfirmation. |
| 7 | -f er m ā" sh u n | affirmation, reaffirmation, reformation, transformation. |
| 5 | -m ā" sh u n | acclimation, amalgamation, animation, approximation, automation, consummation, cremation, dalmatian, defamation, deformation, estimation, exclamation, exhumation, formation, inflammation, intimation, malformation, proclamation, reclamation, summation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deflation, deforestation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflation, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
| 6 | -r m ā" sh u n | deformation, formation, malformation. |
| 5 | -m ā" sh u n | acclimation, affirmation, amalgamation, animation, approximation, automation, confirmation, consummation, cremation, dalmatian, defamation, disinformation, estimation, exclamation, exhumation, inflammation, intimation, misinformation, proclamation, reaffirmation, reclamation, reconfirmation, reformation, summation, transformation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deflation, deforestation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflation, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-f-i-i-m-n-n-o-o-r-t" | |
-2 letters: formation, informant, nominator. | |
-3 letters: monition. | |
-4 letters: amorini, amorino, amotion, fontina, footman, formant, fronton, martini, monitor, nonfarm, oration. | |
-5 letters: amnion, anoint, aroint, fanion, fantom, firman, forint, format, infant, infirm, inform, intima, intron, maftir, manito, maroon, martin, matron, minion, moirai, morion, motion, nation, natron, nomina, nonart, nonfat, notion, ration, ratoon, romano, ronion, tinman. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-f-i-i-m-n-n-o-o-r-t" | |
+1 letter: confirmation, informations. | |
+2 letters: confirmations, informational. | |
+3 letters: confirmational, disinformation, misinformation, noninformation, reconfirmation. | |
+4 letters: disinformations, informationally, misinformations, noninformations, reconfirmations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Company Usage | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
