Infer

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Infer

Definition: Infer

Infer

Verb

1. Reason by deduction; establish by deduction.

2. Draw from specific cases for more general cases.

3. Conclude by reasoning; in logic.

4. Guess correctly; solve by guessing; "He guessed the right number of beans in the jar and won the prize".

5. Believe to be the case; "I understand you have no previous experience?".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "infer" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references)

Note: Infer \In*fer"\, transitive verb. [imperative past participle Inferred; present participle verb or noun Inferring.]. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Inference

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

To infer is to draw a conclusion. To infer that X is to conclude that X is true; an inference is a conclusion drawn from a set of facts or circumstances. Much of the science of logic explores the validity or invalidity of inferences.

The difference between implying and inferring is this: an author who writes that all men are mortal and Socrates is a man implies that Socrates is mortal; a reader who is so subtle as to notice that the author implies that and to consciously think "Therefore Socrates is mortal" infers that Socrates is mortal.

In reading, inferences are made about parts of the text where the meaning is implied but not explicit. Assesments of the ability to make inferences about written text are used to measure reading skill.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Inference."

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Synonyms: Infer

Synonyms: deduce (v), deduct (v), derive (v), extrapolate (v), gather (v), generalise (v), generalize (v), guess (v), understand (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Infer

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Latency Implication

Involve, imply, understand, allude to, infer, leave an inference; entail; whisper; (conceal).

Reasoning,

Contend, take one's stand upon, insist, lay stress on; infer.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Infer

English words defined with "infer": assumptionclewless, cluelessInferred, Inferring, It seemsMisinferpremise, premissSubibfer, surmiseTo collect one's self, To read between the lines. (references)
Specialty definitions using "infer": arc shootingCogito ergo sumDammaged Goodsexpert systeminference ruleMinottipast climate analogsseismic reflection or refraction line, symbolic inferencetype inferenceuniformitarian principlevane anemometer. (references)
Etymologies containing "infer": syllogism. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Infer" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses.

Latin (bring in, import, inflict, obtain).

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Commercial Usage: Infer

DomainTitle

Books

  • Growth in East Asia: What We Can and What We Cannot Infer (reference)

  • Inferencing: Using Context Clues to Infer Meaning (Basic Skills Series) (reference)

  • Using Groundwater Responses to Infer Recharge: Using Groundwater Responses to Infer Recharge: Studies in Catchment Hydrology: The Basics of Recharge and Discharge Part 5 (reference)

  • What can the Developing Countries Infer from the Uruguay Round Models for Future Negotiations (Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series) (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Infer

ThumbnailDescription & Credit

Temperature contours showing continuity of Mid-Atlantic Ridge From Atlas of the METEOR Expedition Combining sparse depth readings and temperature to infer bathymetry. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Use in Literature: Infer

TitleAuthorQuote

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

Perhaps we need only to know how his shores trend and his adjacent country or circumstances, to infer his depth and concealed bottom

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Infer

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

It is reasonable to infer that triglyceride plays an important role in the regulation of HDL metabolism. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Infer

"Infer" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 86.39% of the time. "Infer" is used about 316 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)86.39%27317,765
Lexical Verb (base form)13.29%4252,864
Noun (singular)0.32%1339,140
                    Total100.00%316N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Infer

Expressions using "infer": infer from infer smth.. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Infer

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

guide indiana infer jones mac off strategy

16

infer

14

infer red

3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Infer

Language Translations for "infer"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

tregoj (argue, bear, bespeak, betoken, bring out, connotate, connote, denote, designate, direct, display, establish, evidence, evince, exhibit, expose, express oneself, extend, finger, give away, indicate, make out, manifest, narrate, note, point out, present, proclaim, produce, profess, prove, read, recite, relate, show, show round, spiel, spin out, tell, tell tales, yield), nxjerr përfundim (conclude, gather), nxjerr (belch, conclude, derive, discharge, discover, display, distil, distill, divulge, drag out, draw, educe, eject, elicit, emit, evolve, excrete, exhale, exhibit, exhume, expel, extract, extricate, extrude, feature, fish out, gain, generate, get off, get out, give away, give off, hatch, heave, hustle, incubate, issue, lay out, leak, let off, let out, liberate, lift out, make out, move out, obtrude, out, pan out, pop, puff, pull, pull out, raise, release, rip out, rout, run against, secrete, send, spit, stick, stick out, take out, tear off, turf out, turn away, uncase, unearth, utter, vomit, whiffle), konkludoj (conclude), dëshmoj (bear witness, evidence, indicate, testify, witness). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏عقد إستدلالات, ‏خمن (appraise, estimate, evaluate, guess, riddle, size up, speculate, suppose, surmise), ‏إستنتج (conclude, deduce, deduct, derive, draw, draw conclusions, educe, estimate, induce, put two and two together, ratiocinate, understand), ‏إستدل (deduce), ‏ظهر (appear, arise, back, brighten up, bring out, come to light, declare, declassify, define, denote, develop, evidence, exercise, exhibit, express, feature, image, indicate, loom, manifest, mark, note, occur, outcrop, parade, peep, play up, poke, pop up, proclaim, produce, reveal, show, show up, spring, surface, turn up, walk), ‏دل (announce, betoken, bode, denote, designate, indicate, proclaim, promise, read, signify, speak). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

заключавам (conclude, educe, gather, induce, reason), загатвам (allude, ask a riddle, hint at, imply), подразбирам (get the idea, intend, mean, understand). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

推論 , 推断 (generalise, generalised, generalize, generalized, Generalizing, inference, Inferred, Inferring). (various references)

   

Czech

  

usoudit (gather), odvozovat (derive), naznaèit (indicate, intimate, suggest, throw out). (various references)

   

Danish

  

slutte (abstract, deduce, gather, induce). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

concluderen (abstract, gather, induce), besluiten (abstract, accomodate, decide, end, finish, gather, induce, terminate), afleiden (abduce, abduct, abstract, deduce, derive, distract, divert, entertain, extract, gather, induce). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

konkludi (abstract, gather, induce). (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

koma til niðurløgu (abstract, gather, induce). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

پی بردن به (Spell, Trace), استنتاج کردن (Conclude, Derive, Evolve, Induce, Subsume), استنباطکردن (Construe, Deduce, Divine, Educe, Induct), اشاره کردن بر (Indicate, Suggest). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

tehdä johtopäätös (abstract, conclude, deduce, draw a conclusion, gather, induce). (various references)

   

French

  

conclure (induce). (various references)

   

German

  

folgern (abstract, conclude, deduce, gather, induce, reason, to conclude, to deduce, to infer), schließen (abstract, bolt, clause, close, close down, closing, conclude, contract, derive, enter into, form, gather, induce, lock, make, reason, shut, shut down, to clause, to close, to conclude (with), to shut, wind up). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

συμπεραίνω (conclude, conjecture, deduce, presume). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

magával von (to infer), következtet (conclude, deduce, draw conclusions, to conclude, to conjecture, to deduce, to evolve, to infer, to judge, to reason). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

menyimpulkan, berarti (be significant, denote, import, mean). (various references)

   

Italian

  

dedurre (abstract, conclude, deduce, deduct, elicit, gather, induce), concludere (abstract, break up, clinch, close, complete, conclude, deduce, do, end up, finalize, finish, gather, induce, make, make a contract, put through, tie up, top off, wrap up). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

拝察 (surmise, sympathize), 察知 (sense). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

さっち (sense), はいさつ (surmise, sympathize). (various references)

   

Manx

  

tayrn veih, infearaghey. (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

slutte seg til (enlist, join), antyde (hint, imply, insinuate, intimate). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

konklú (abstract, gather, induce). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

inferay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

inferir (abstract, below, collect, conclude, deduce, educe, follow, gather, imply, induce), implicar (carry, connotate, connote, draw in, entangle, implicate, imply, import, involve, predicate, presuppose, purport, spell, suggest), demonstrar (approve, argue, demonstrate, evidence, evince, prove, set forth, set out), concluir por inferncia. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

indica (denote, designate, indicate, Mark, point out, record, set, shape, show, sign, signify, tell), trage concluzia (argue), presupune (assume, calculate, conjecture, expect, fancy oneself, feel, imagine, imply, presume, suppose, surmise, suspect), necesita (ask, call, claim, demand, have, involve, necessitate, need, require, want), determina (abstract, appoint, ascertain, bring, call forth, cause, conditional, convince, define, determine, dictate, draw, entail, establish, find, fix, gather, govern, induce, lead, make, mark out, modify, persuade, procure, produce, prompt, provoke, reason, urge), deduce (argue, collect, conclude, deduce, deduct, draw, educe, evolve, gather, induce), conchide (conclude, gather). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

выводить заключение (educe), заключать (conclude, confine, encompass, establish, inclose, inclosing, include, nail down, transact), заключить (clinch a bargain, conclude), подразумевать (imply, mean, understand, understand by), делать вывод (conclude, deduce, draw a conclusion, draw conclusion, gather, reason). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

izvoditi zaključak (deduce), zaključiti (close, conclude, gather, induce, sign, take out). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

inferir (deduce, derive, inflict). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

innebära (amount to, connote, implicate, imply, import, intend). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

sonuç çıkarmak (conclude, deduce, educe, induce, make inferences, reason), anlamına gelmek (add up, add up to, amount, be, connote, imply, mean, purport, read, signify, spell, stand for), anlam çıkarmak (get a grip on, judge, make out). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

робити висновок (conclude, deduce, draw a conclusion, educe, elicit, gather), означати (bespeak, betoken, connotate, connote, denote, imply, import, indicate, mean, note, purport), припускати (accept, acknowledge, admit, concede, conjecture, presume, propose, surmise, understand). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

casglu (accumulate, amass, collect, gather). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Infer

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

collecta, collectae, collectam, collecti, collectis, collecto, collectos, collectum, collectus, collegerimus, collegeris, collegerunt, collegi, collegissent, collegisset, collegisti, collegit, colleximus, collexistis, colligam, colligant, colligas, colligat, colligatis, colligatur, colligebant, colligebat, colligendas, colligendi, colligendum, colligens, colligent, colligentem, colligentes, colligentur, colligere, colligerent, colligeret, colligeris, colliges, colligesque, colliget, colligetur, colligimus, colligit, colligite, colligitur, colligo, colligunt, colliguntur, conclude, concludens, concludent, concluderet, concludes, concludi, concluditur, conclusae, concluserant, concluserat, concluserint, concluseris, concluserunt, conclusi, conclusis, conclusisset, conclusisti, conclusit, conclusus, conclususque, coniecto, conligare, inferre. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Infer

LanguageDateSourceJohn Chapter 20, Verse 27
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintEita legei tw qwma fere ton daktulon sou wde kai ide taV ceiraV mou kai fere thn ceira sou kai bale eiV thn pleuran mou kai mh ginou apistoV alla pistoV
Latin405VulgateDeinde dicit Thomae infer digitum tuum huc et vide manus meas et adfer manum tuam et mitte in latus meum et noli esse incredulus sed fidelis
Old English990West SaxonSyððen he sayde to thomase. Doþine finger hyder. & ge-seoh mine handæ. & nim þine hand & do on mine siden. & ne beoþu un-ge-leafful. ac ge-leafful.
Middle English1395WyclifAfterward he seith to Thomas, Putte in here thi fyngur, and se myn hondis, and putte hidur thin hond, and putte in to my side, and nyle thou be vnbileueful, but feithful.
Renaissance English1526TyndaleAfter that sayde he to Thomas: bringe thy fynger hether and se my hondes and bringe thy honde and thrust it into my syde and be not faythlesse but belevynge.
Jacobean English1611King JamesThen saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing.
Victorian English1833WebsterThen saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side; and be not faithless, but believing.
Basic English1964OgdenThen he said to Thomas, Put out your finger, and see my hands; and put your hand here into my side: and be no longer in doubt but have belief.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Infer

LanguageJohn Chapter 20, Verse 27
CebuanoUg siya miingon kang Tomas, "Ihikap dinhi ang imong tudlo, ug tan-awa ang akong mga kamot; ambi ang imong kamot ug ipasulod kini sa akong kilid. Ayaw na nianang pagkadili matinoohon, hinonoa magmatinoohon ka."
Chinese就 對 多 馬 說 、 伸 過 的 指 來 、 摸 ( 摸 原 文 作 看 ) 我 的 手 . 伸 出 的 手 來 、 探 入 我 的 肋 旁 . 不 要 疑 惑 、 總 要 信 。
CroatianZatim æe Tomi: "Prinesi prst ovamo i pogledaj mi ruke! Prinesi ruku i stavi je u moj bok i ne budi nevjeran nego vjeran."
DanishDerefter siger han til Thomas: "Ræk din Finger hid, og se mine Hænder, og ræk din Hånd hid, og stik den i min Side, og vær ikke vantro, men troende!"
DutchDaarna zeide Hij tot Thomas: Breng uw vinger hier, en zie Mijn handen, en breng uw hand, en steek ze in Mijn zijde; en zijt niet ongelovig, maar gelovig.
FinnishSitten hän sanoi Tuomaalle: "Ojenna sormesi tänne ja katso minun käsiäni, ja ojenna kätesi ja pistä se minun kylkeeni, äläkä ole epäuskoinen, vaan uskovainen".
FrenchPuis il dit Thomas: Avance ici ton doigt, et regarde mes mains; avance aussi ta main, et mets-la dans mon côté; et ne sois pas incrédule, mais crois.
GermanDarnach spricht er zu Thomas: Reiche deinen Finger her und siehe meine Hände, und reiche dein Hand her und lege sie in meine Seite, und sei nicht ungläubig, sondern gläubig!
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariKemudian Yesus berkata kepada Tomas, "Lihatlah tangan-Ku, dan taruhlah jarimu di sini. Ulurkan tanganmu dan taruhlah di lambung-Ku. Jangan ragu-ragu lagi, tetapi percayalah!"
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaLalu Ia pun bersabda kepada Tomas, "Ulurkanlah jarimu, lihatlah tangan-Ku, dan ulurkanlah tanganmu serta letakkanlah di rusuk-Ku, dan janganlah engkau syak, melainkan yakinlah."
MaoriKatahi ia ka mea ki a Tamati, Totoro mai tou matihao, kia kite hoki koe i oku ringa; totoro mai hoki tou ringa, ka kuhu ki toku kaokao: aua e whakateka, engari me whakapono.
NorwegianDerefter sier han til Tomas: Rekk din finger hit, og se mine hender, og rekk din hånd hit og stikk den i min side, og vær ikke vantro, men troende!
PortugueseDepois disse a Tomé: Chega aqui o teu dedo, e vê as minhas mãos; chega a tua mão, e mete-a no meu lado; e não mais sejas incrédulo, mas crente.   
RumanianApoi a zis lui Toma: ,,Adu-yi degetul kncoace, wi uitq-te la mknile Mele; wi adu-yi mkna, wi pune -o kn coasta Mea; wi nu fi necredincios, ci credincios.``
RussianрПФПН ЗПЧПТЙФ жПНЕ: П"БК ЕТУФ ФЧПК УА"Б Й ПУНПФТЙ ТХЛЙ нПЙ; П"БК ТХЛХ ФЧПА Й ЧМПЦЙ Ч ТЕ'ТБ нПЙ; Й ОЕ 'Х"Ш ОЕЧЕТХАЭЙН, ОП ЧЕТХАЭЙН.
ShuarNuyá Tumasan Tímiayi "Winia uwejur iisam ame uwejem awaintiuata. Núnismek winia paerui uwejem awaintiuam Iistá. Tura arantutsuk nekas Enentáimtursata."
SpanishLuego dijo a Tomás: --Pon tu dedo aquí y mira mis manos; pon acá tu mano y métela en mi costado; y no seas incrédulo sino creyente.
SwahiliKisha akamwambia Thoma, "Lete kidole chako hapa uitazame mikono yangu; lete mkono wako ukautie ubavuni mwangu. Usiwe na mashaka, ila amini!"
SwedishSedan sade han till Tomas: "Räck hit dit finger, se här äro mina händer; och räck hit din hand, och stick den i min sida. Och tvivla icke, utan tro."
UmaOti toe, na'uli' mpo'uli' -ki Tomas: "Tu'u-mi karawe-nu hi rei, pai' hilo pakua' to hi pale-ku. Mai pale-nu, nupe'unco' hi rala jaloa to hi lumpeha-ku. Neo' -pi morara' nono-nu. Pangala' -mi!"

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Infer

Derivations

Words beginning with "infer": inferable, inference, inferences, inferential, inferentially, inferior, inferiorities, inferiority, inferiorly, inferiors, infernal, infernally, inferno, infernos, inferred, inferrer, inferrers, inferrible, inferring, infers, infertile, infertilities, infertility. (additional references)

Words ending with "infer": coinfer, misinfer. (additional references)

Words containing "infer": coinferred, coinferring, coinfers, misinferred, misinferring, misinfers. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Infer" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Einfuhr, Enefer, enfer, enfor, Iafei, ifar, iinfer, inder, inear, ineer, inef, ineft, ineq, iner, inerj, inerr, infa, infart, infe, infeed, infere, inferm, inferr, infid, infin, infir, infit, infore, infred, inher, inifer, inoffe, interf, interp, interr, interv, inve, inver, Jimfer, nifa, nifer, niffer, rinfer, uncfder, zinfer. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Infer"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "infer" (pronounced i'nfer")
3-n f er"confer.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Infer

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: finer.

Words within the letters "e-f-i-n-r"

-1 letter: fern, fine, fire, firn, neif, reif, rein, rife.

-2 letters: ern, fen, fer, fie, fin, fir, ire, ref, rei, rif, rin.

-3 letters: ef, en, er, if, in, ne, re.

 Words containing the letters "e-f-i-n-r"
 

+1 letter: fainer, ferine, finder, finery, finger, friend, fringe, infare, infers, knifer, niffer, redfin, refind, refine.

 

+2 letters: bonfire, coinfer, conifer, definer, fainter, fancier, fawnier, fearing, feigner, fermion, fernier, finders, fingers, finnier, fireman, firemen, firepan, flinder, flinger, foreign, freeing, friends, fringed, fringes, funkier, funnier, gunfire, infares, inferno, infuser, kerfing, knifers, niffers, niftier, redfins, reefing, reffing, refinds, refined, refiner, refines, refrain, reunify, sniffer, snifter, unfired, unifier.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Fiction
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Usage Frequency
9. Expressions
10. Expressions: Internet
11. Translations: Modern
12. Translations: Ancient
13. Bible Trace
14. Derivations
15. Rhymes
16. Anagrams
17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.