Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Former |
FormerAdjective1. Referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several); "the novel was made into a film in 1943 and again in 1967; I prefer the former version to the latter one". 2. Belonging to some prior time; "erstwhile friend"; "our former glory"; "the once capital of the state"; "her quondam lover". 3. (used especially of persons) of to the immediate past; "the former president"; "our late President is still very active"; "the previous occupant of the White House". 4. Of the distant past; "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations"; "in other times". Noun1. The first of two or the first mentioned of two; "Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the former is remembered today". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "former" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Industry | The machine in particle board or air-felted fibreboard manufacture that lays down and forms the mat of particles or fibre. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A device intended for the production of a continuous web from a stock. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| A mould to which solid or layered wood is bent and shaped. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| An assembly of parts containing the space in which the moulding material hardens and takes its form. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Occupations | Tends variety of machines that form and assemble electrical wire leads, performing any combination of following tasks: Reads work order to determine information, such as type and sequence of assembly and color-coded wire to use. Places coil in vise or clamping device of machine and depresses pedal or turns lever to close clamps which shape coil lead. Feeds wire into foot shear to cut wire leads to specified lengths. Scrapes ends of lead wires to remove insulation, using knife and scraper, or adjusts stop guides and feeds wire into pedal-operated wire stripping machine which strips insulation from wires. Dips stripped leads into tinning pot and inserts into wire brush machine to smooth surfaces. Strings specified number of plastic beads or slides cotton sleeving over end of wire to insulate field coil lead. Inserts end of lead wire into bullet press and depresses pedal to automatically position lugs on end of wire and to activate upper die which crimps lugs around end of lead. Wraps cut lengths of insulated wire together, using waxed cord to form cables. Positions lugs on wire leads by hand, prior to inserting assembly in press or crimping machine. May be designated according to task performed as Bead Stringer (elec. equip.); Lead Tinner (elec. equip.); Lugger (elec. equip.); Sleever (elec. equip.); Wire Cutter (elec. equip.); Wire Stripper (elec. equip.). (references) |
| Tends screw, mechanical, or hydraulic press that forms clay into electrical porcelain ware, such as insulators: Inserts die into bed of press. Pours moist, pulverized clay or ceramic powder into hopper of press. Starts press which deposits clay in die and lowers ram to form ware. Removes formed ware from die cavity and places ware on board for firing. May tend one or more presses that automatically form insulators. May inspect fired products to ensure conformance to specifications, using micrometer, go-not-go gauge, and microscope. (references) | |
| Tends machine that forms cooked oilseed meats into cakes prior to oil extraction: Places cloth on cake-forming tray and presses lever or pedal to position charging buggy (hopper) over tray. Releases oilseed onto tray and folds ends of cloth over oilseed meats. Lowers head (metal block) into position over tray containing meats, and pulls lever to raise tray against head and form oilseed meats into cake. (references) | |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Former, First. Former and latter being adjectives of the comparative degree, should be used in speaking of two objects. When more than two objects are named, use first and last. "My sons, John and Luther, are both at college. The first expects to study law, and the last to study medicine." Use former and latter. "New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago are the most populous cities in the United States. The former has long been at the front; the latter has only recently entered the race." Use first and last instead of former and latter. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Transportation | A structural member, the primary purpose of which is to preserve form or shape and to which the external skin is attached. In general, it carries structural loads. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: FormerSynonyms: early(a) (adj), erstwhile(a) (adj), former(a) (adj), late(a) (adj), once(a) (adj), onetime(a) (adj), other(a) (adj), previous(a) (adj), quondam(a) (adj), sometime(a) (adj). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: -form (industry, mechanical engineering). |
| Antonyms: latter(a) (adj), latter (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Precedence | Adjective: preceding; Verb: precedent, antecedent; anterior; prior; before; former; foregoing; beforementioned, abovementioned, aforementioned; aforesaid, said; precursory, precursive; prevenient, preliminary, prefatory, introductory; prelusive, prelusory; proemial, preparatory. |
Priority | Adjective: prior, previous; preceding, precedent; anterior, antecedent; pre-existing, pre-existent; former, foregoing; aforementioned, before-mentioned, abovementioned; aforesaid, said; introductory; (precursory). |
The Past | Noun: the past, past time; days of yore, times of yore, days of old, times of old, days past, times past, days gone by, times gone by; bygone days; old times, ancient times, former times; fore time; the good old days, the olden time, good old time; auld lang syne; eld. |
Former, pristine, quondam, ci-devant, late; ancestral. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Former |
| Specialty definitions using "former": COUNTER FORMER ♦ FORMER HELPER, HAND ♦ unemployment compensation for former military personnel. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "former": Wasium. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Former" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. French (develop, discipline, fix, form, groom, make, Mold, put together, shape, train), German (molder, shaper, shapers), Swedish (shapes). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | An armed Negro cowboy costume in a room full of white, Southern, former slave-owners (Wild Wild West; writing credit: Jim Thomas; John Thomas) I am your father's son's uncle's newphew's cousin's former roommate (Spaceballs; writing credit: Mel Brooks and Ronny Graham.) You don't want it to be someone you know and you don't want it to be someone better than you. While the latter is obviously impossible, the former still applies (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Former greenskeeper and now about to become the masters champion (Caddyshack; writing credit: Brian Doyle-Murray; Harold Ramis) ! You guys are about to write a story that says the former Attorney General, the highest-ranking law enforcement officer in this country, is a crook (All the President's Men; writing credit: Carl Bernstein; Bob Woodward) | |
Lyrics | My heart is crushed by a former love (Swing Swing; performing artist: ALL-AMERICAN REJECTS) | |
Movie/TV Titles | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | 1) A temporary administration building for M.D. Anderson was set up in 1940 in this converted residence known as "the oaks" on the former Baker Estate near downtown Houston. 2) biochemistry and biology laboratories were set up in late 1942 by five scientists using this one-time stable and carriage house on the old Baker Estate. The first patients were seen in other converted residential quarters starting in March, 1944. 3) the permanent home for University of Texas M.D. Anderson hospital began taking shape in the early 1950s in the newly designated Texas Medical Center, which only a few years earlier had been "way out in the woods". 4) M.D. Anderson's first seven-story structure was opened for patient care on March 19, 1954. This initial building contained 310 beds, which were phased into use over a five-year period, along with facilities for cancer research and educational activities. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Note the fusion of the former scales of which the protective shell is composed, as well as the small, hair-like projections emerging from pores within this mantle. Credit: CDC. |
 | Quote by Dr. David Satcher, former Director, CDC. Credit: CDC. |  | Former NASA Administrators Meet in Washington, DC. Credit: NASA. |
 | Dr. Riccardo Giacconi, former Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), has ... Credit: NASA. |  | In an area north of the city of Al-Basrah, Iraq, which borders Iran, a former wetland has been drained and walled off. Now littered with minefields and gun emplacements, it is a staging area for military exercises. Credit: NASA. |
 | Frank M. Thorn Sixth Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey Former head of Internal Revenue Service. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Who's Who - Cover sheet to 1931 C&GS publication Shows all former C&GS Superintendents/Directors Book includes autobiographical sketches of about 200 C&GS employees. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Canal used to drain property to convert and maintain former marsh land to pasture. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Pillow basalts indicating location of former oceanic spreading center. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Block at Sarajevo" by Karoly Feher Commentary: "A former block close to the Sarajevo international airfield." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Alphonse De Lamartine | Poets and heroes are of the same race, the latter do what the former conceive. |
Blaise Pascal | Faith is different from proof; the latter is human, the former is a Gift from God. |
Horace Mann | Jails and prisons are the complement of schools; so many less as you have of the latter, so many more must you have of the former. |
Hosea Ballou | Never let your zeal outrun your charity. The former is but human, the latter is divine. |
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe | Anecdotes and maxims are rich treasures to the man of the world, for he knows how to introduce the former at fit place in conversation. |
Joseph Addison | A good disposition is more valuable than gold, for the latter is the gift of fortune, but the former is the dower of nature. |
Miguel de Cervantes | The very remembrance of my former misfortune proves a new one to me. |
Oliver Wendell Holmes | A new and valid idea is worth more than a regiment and fewer men can furnish the former than command the latter. |
Richter | Cares are often more difficult to throw off than sorrows; the latter die with time; the former grow upon it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Indeed, it often makes way for a new frame of a common-wealth, by destroying the former; but, without the consent of the people, can never erect a new one. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | If the former part of the alternative be true, then a legislative act contrary to the constitution is not law: if the latter part be true, then written constitutions are absurd attempts, on the part of the people, to limit a power in its own nature illimitable. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | It has accomplished wonders far surpassing Egyptian pyramids, Roman aqueducts, and Gothic cathedrals; it has conducted expeditions that put in the shade all former Exoduses of nations and crusades. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Crown property and the property of the former Emperor or other German sovereigns shall be assimilated to property of the public domain. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | It is from the quarrels of the strong parent races in Europe that the world wars we have witnessed, or which occurred in former times, have sprung. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1904) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Mrs. Bates, the widow of a former vicar of Highbury, was a very old lady, almost past every thing but tea and quadrille |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | His heart and soul were in the scene, and with his former self |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | In this prison at Arras there was a former convict named Brevet, who is there for some trifle, and who, for his good conduct, has been made turnkey |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | He added, that he had heard too much upon the subject of war, both in this and some former discourses |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | They all reflect and absorb his rays alike, and the former make but a small part of the glorious picture which he beholds in his daily course |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Dittmann S. Epidemic Diphtheria in the Newly Independent States of the former USSR-situation and lessons learned. (references) | |
Unfortunately, it may take several decades for a former smoker's risk to drop to the level of someone who never smoked. (references) | ||
The panel also heard moving testimony from former patients who regarded ECT as a wholly beneficial and lifesaving experience. (references) | ||
Business | These are all sites abandoned by former state companies. (references) | |
Many people believe, however, that the former is preeminent. (references) | ||
Vice Premier Zhu Rongji is a former head of this organization. (references) | ||
Children | Ghana | In 2000 the former First Lady launched an initiative to establish the country's first women's university; however, no women's university has been established. (references) |
Guatemala | Former military commissioner Victor Vicente Poroj raped 11-year-old Ana Maria Pichol Guarcax on four occasions in December 1999. A forensic doctor in Chimaltenango confirmed the crime. (references) | |
Nicaragua | However, with assistance from international NGO's, foreign governments, and the public health care system, the Government has procured thousands of prostheses and other medical equipment for veterans and former resistance members. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Russia | Of these 117 were from the countries of the former Soviet Union. (references) |
El Salvador | Police detained 10 former militiamen involved in the demonstration. (references) | |
India | The matter was resolved when a former CPI(M) activist replaced the editor. (references) | |
Economic History | India | New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union. (references) |
Peru | This law does not cover former government officials. (references) | |
Benin | A French brewer acquired the former state-run brewery. (references) | |
Human Rights | Haiti | All other prisons are former police holding cells. (references) |
Peru | Paniagua's cabinet included several former NGO leaders. (references) | |
Togo | Former Interior Minister General Seyi Memene serves as Justice Minister. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Guatemala | Interpreters were concentrated in former conflict areas of the country; more interpreters were in training. (references) |
Nicaragua | The RAAN and the RAAS, which were created in 1987 out of the former department of Zelaya and which border the Caribbean Sea, constitute 47 percent of the national territory. (references) | |
Bangladesh | Former insurgent leader Jotirindrio Bodhipriya Larma, alias Shantu Larma, has publicly questioned whether the Peace Accord has been implemented properly, and has urged prompt government action to implement all provisions of the Accord. (references) | |
Minorities | Czech Republic | The site of a former Romani concentration camp at Lety continued to be a source of controversy. (references) |
Greece | Greece's dispute with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over that country's name heightened this sensitivity. (references) | |
Austria | This included 69 percent of families from the countries of the former Yugoslavia, and 76 percent of Turkish households. (references) | |
Political Economy | Argentina | Its leader is former President Raul Alfonsin. (references) |
GHANA | Former government import monopolies have been abolished. (references) | |
Poland | The party is led by former Foreign Minister Bronislaw Geremek. (references) | |
Political Rights | Uzbekistan | Ruzimuradov was a former member of Parliament and a human rights activist. (references) |
Fiji | The wife of former President Ratu Mara is one of the three highest ranking chiefs. (references) | |
New Zealand | The Prime Minister, the former opposition leader, and the Chief Justice are women. (references) | |
Trade | Croatia | Croatia initially adopted standards used in the former Yugoslavia. (references) |
Bulgaria | Bulgaria's customs regulations are based on the 1998 Customs Act, which replaces the former 1960 Customs Act. (references) | |
New Zealand | Some New Zealand exporters have taken products in trade when partnering with cash poor countries such as the former Soviet bloc countries. (references) | |
Travel | Bahrain | An Israeli entry stamp in a passport is not a bar to obtaining a Bahraini visa or to entering Bahrain, but not all airline personnel are aware that the former prohibition no longer applies. (references) |
Greece | Of this, 1,500 kilometers is of standard gauge and connects Greece with the former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia and Western Europe in the north, and with Turkey and the Middle East in the east. (references) | |
Bolivia | Although capitalization and privatization have placed most of the former government-owned enterprises in private hands, Bolivia's economy still remains highly influenced by decisions taken in the public sector. (references) | |
Women | Qatar | The husbands then inform their wives that the wives have lost their former citizenship. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | Numerous divorced foreign women continued to be prevented by their former husbands from visiting their children after divorce. (references) | |
Chile | Since annulment implies that a marriage never existed under the law, former spouses are left with little recourse for financial support. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Germany | Payments to former forced laborers began in July. (references) |
Pakistan | Bonded laborers who escape often face retaliation from former employers. (references) | |
Mauritania | Adults cannot be obliged by law to remain with former masters nor can they be returned if they leave. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TRINITY, n. In the multiplex theism of certain Christian churches, three entirely distinct deities consistent with only one. Subordinate deities of the polytheistic faith, such as devils and angels, are not dowered with the power of combination, and must urge individually their clames to adoration and propitiation. The Trinity is one of the most sublime mysteries of our holy religion. In rejecting it because it is incomprehensible, Unitarians betray their inadequate sense of theological fundamentals. In religion we believe only what we do not understand, except in the instance of an intelligible doctrine that contradicts an incomprehensible one. In that case we believe the former as a part of the latter. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Mr. Leader, we're going to take a break. But when we come back, we'll ask Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle about his former colleague Attorney General John Ashcroft. |
Bill Clinton | Oh, sure. And I think anybody that's ever been there feels that way. I think former President Bush does. Former President Carter does. Former President Ford does. I think they just do, you just feel that way. |
Bob Costas | Players' biggest failing is that they confuse economic issues with moral issues. That's the way the former commissioner, Fay Vincent, put it. They, as I would put it, they confuse self-interest with high principle. |
Bob Woodward | Well, I suspect it will be any time and I think it will be a war. You were talking with former Prime Minister Major of Britain who was there during the Gulf War with the first President Bush. |
Gerald Ford | My fellow Americans, we have a lot of work to do. My former colleagues, you and I have a lot of work to do. Let's get on with it. |
Michael Oxley | Mike Castle's a great guy and former governor, and he could be right, unless we fall down on the job of correcting the situation, but we're not going to fall down on the job. |
Rush Limbaugh | Former President Bill Clinton took part in a town hall forum of present and former world leaders as part of the World AIDS Conference in Spain. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Such an attachment of a small or weak toward a great and powerful nation dooms the former to be the satellite of the latter. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | Indeed, the former is but a part of the latter, and consequently has not equal pretensions to support a frame of government productive of human happiness. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | To former violations of maritime rights another is now added of very extensive effect. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | On a review of the former enumerations it will be found that the plan for taking every census has contained many improvements upon that of its predecessor. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Some of them were referred to in my former message, and they are presented in detail in the report of the Secretary of War herewith submitted. |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | When my first term of the office of Chief Executive began, the country had not recovered from the effects of a great internal revolution, and three of the former States of the Union had not been restored to their Federal relations. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Many civilians have been transferred from war agencies to their former peacetime agencies. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | This military strength deters aggression against our allies, stabilizes our relations with former adversaries, and protects our homeland. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | I've asked Missouri's governor, John Ashcroft, to be chairman, former Dallas Mayor Annetter Strauss to be co-chair. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Your former colleague, my first Secretary of the Treasury, led that effort and sparked our long boom. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Former" is generally used as a determiner (general) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Former" is used about 16,955 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Determiner (general) | 100% | 16,955 | 551 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Germany | SG Holding, former Schwabengarage AG |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "former": cockpit side former ♦ former boyfriend ♦ former employee ♦ former employer ♦ former girlfriend ♦ former position ♦ former university president ♦ ghost of one's former self ♦ in former times ♦ the former ♦ unemployment compensation for former military personnel. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "former": former-communist, former-jugoslav, former-may, former-teacher. | |
Ending with "former": fifth-former. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "former"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | voormalige (ex-, last, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Albanian | formues (formative, molder, moulder), formist, ish- (ci-devant, ex-, late, past), i parë (aboriginal, early, first, foremost, front, headmost, initial, maiden, opening, original, premier, primary, primitive, progenitor), i përparmë (fore-, forward, front, frontal, ventral), i njëhershëm (ancient, old, simultaneous), i mëparshëm (antecedent, anterior, foregoing, neoteric, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Arabic | مذكور أولا, سالف (antecedent, antecessor, anterior, preceding, previous, whiskers), سابق (antecedent, anterior, back, elder, ex-, fore, foregoing, harbinger, last, once, past, preamble, preceding, preliminary, previous, prior, quondam, race), المكون, الماضي (yore), المشكل, الخالق (author, creator, god, maker, the creator), أول (chief, fore, foremost, initial, premier), آنف. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | създател (artificer, author, constitutor, creator, founder, generator, inventor, maker, molder, moulder, originator), творец (architect, author, creator, maker, molder, moulder), шаблон (lute, matrix, model, mould, pattern, rut, sample, screed, stencil, template, templet), някогашен (erstwhile, old, onetime, quondam, sometime, whilom), матрица (coin, die, jig, mat, matrix, mould), минал (bygone, departed, foregone, late, overpast, past), бивш (ci-devant, ex, late, old, onetime, quondam, sometime), първият, предишен (late, old, precedent, preceding, previous, quondam, whilom). (various references) | |
Chinese | 前 (ago, before, earlier, front, in front, previous). (various references) | |
Czech | dříve jmenovaný (the former), dřívìjší (antecedent, anterior, one time, prior). (various references) | |
Danish | forbigangen (last, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Dutch | voorgaand (last, previous, prior), voorafgaand (last, preliminary, preparatory, previous, prior), verleden (last, past, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Esperanto | estinta, eks- (ex-), antaŭa (last, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Farsi | پیشین (Antecedent, Fore, Olden, Previous, Primeval, Primitive, Prior, Pristine), قالب گیر, قبل (Ago, Before), تشکیل دهنده (Constitutive, Fundametal), سابق (Antecedent, Olden, Predecessor), جلوی (Fore, Forward, Prior), درجلو (Fore). (various references) | |
Finnish | rakenteellinen muoto-osa, rainanmuodostin, muotti (die, matrix, mould), entinen (earlier, ex, one-time, previous), ensin mainittu (first mentioned), äskeinen (recent). (various references) | |
French | ancien. (various references) | |
Frisian | foarig (last, previous, prior). (various references) | |
German | ehemalig (ancient, erstwhile, previous, pristine, quondam, sometime). (various references) | |
Greek | συσκευή σχηματισμού ιστού, μήτρα (cast, matrix, mould, uterus, womb), μορφωτήσ (educator, shaper), πρώην (ex, formerly, late, one time, quondam), πρότεροσ (fore, previous, prior, quondam), πρέσσα (press), προηγούμενοσ (antecedent, anterior, anterior to, foregoing, formerly, precedent, preceding, previous), υποστήριγμα (bracket, cantilever, crutch, shore, strut, support, suspensory, sustainment), τύπος (fellow, formula, guy, sort, version), τέωσ (ex, hitherto). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לשעבר (bygone, emeritus, formerly, heretofore, past, previously). (various references) | |
Hungarian | korábbi (antecedent, ci-devant, earlier, preceding, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Indonesian | sediakala (of old), pendahulu (first corner, pioneer, predecessor), mantan (erstwhile, ex), jebolan (dropout or graduate, ex), dulu-dulu (earlier, previous). (various references) | |
Italian | passato (bygone, departed, last, old, overpast, passe, past, past tense). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 昔 (olden days). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | おうねん (one-time, years ago), ぜんにん (good people), ぜん (ago, all, before, cancer, complete, entire, good, goodness, meal, niche or alcove for an image, one-time, overall, pan, prayer, previous, right, table, the above, tray, virtue, vow, whole, wish, Zen), そう (all, aspect, bed, cellar, class, conception, countenance, depository, destroy, elevator, ever, ex-, feel pain, formerly, general, go around, godown, granary, gross, idea, layer, magazine, monk, never, once before, originate, phase, priest, seam, start, stream, suffer, thought, to accompany, to be added to, to be adjusted to, to become married, to comply with, to follow, to marry, to meet, to run along, to satisfy, to suit, treasury, warehouse, whole), さき (destination, end, following, head, nozzle, objective, point, previous, prior, remainder, sequel, small peninsula, the first priority, the future, the other party, tip, undermentioned), せん (at length, attentively, beam, before, boastfully usurping, boil down, broil, carefully, choice, clip, compilation, cork, deeply, editing, fire, gland, hermit, hundredth of a yen, late, line, old, parch, precedence, previous, priority, profoundly, roast, selection, snip, stopcock, stopper, the future, thousand, wire, wizard), かつて (before, ever, ex-, formerly, never, once), かって (before, ever, ex-, formerly, kitchen, never, once, one's own convenience, one's way, selfishness), むかし (olden days), もと (origin, original), じゅうぜん (absolute safety, bullet, consummation, eyelet, loophole, perfection, previous), そ (altar of sacrifice, ancestor, ever, ex-, forefather, formerly, never, once before, prime, progenitor). (various references) | |
Korean | 이전 (Previous). (various references) | |
Malay | bekas (ex-). (various references) | |
Manx | shenn (aged, ancient, antiquarian, archaic, auld, consecrated, elderly, ex, inveterate, long-standing, old, olden, old-established, senile, stale, time-fusty, veteran, vintage, worn). (various references) | |
Norwegian | forhenværende (ex, late), tidligere (anterior, formerly). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ormerfay.(various references) | |
Polish | przedni (last, previous, prior), poprzedni (last, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Portuguese | anterior (aforegoing, antecedent, erstwhile, first, fore, front, last, preceding, previous, prior, whilom), precedente (ci-devant, foregone, last, precedent, preceding, previous, prior), passado (ago, bygone, departed, done, last, olden, overpast, passed, past, stale, up), molde (cast, die, example, mold, mould, pattern, stencil, swage, template, templet), formador (instructor, training officier), forma (build, cutout, energy, fashion, fig, guest-card, guise, hardiness, highness, intensity, kilter, main, make, manner, means, mode, mold, mould, posse, scheme, shape, species, stalking-horse, stretcher, way). (various references) | |
Romanian | fost (lapsed, last, old, quondam), trecut (antecedent, background, bygone, departed, foretime, last, past), primul (first), dintâi (first, greatest, prime), de odinioarã (of yore), de altãdatã (of yore, quondam, sometime), cel dintâi (foremost), anterior (above, anterior, fore, foregoing, formerly, prevenient, previous, prior, prior to). (various references) | |
Russian | формирователь прежний, фасонный резец, фасонный валок, копир (cam, master form), бывший (ex, lapsed, onetime, one-time, quondam, whilom), прежний (ci-devant, erstwhile, late, prior). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | tadašnji (then), raniji (antecedent, earlier, past, prior), prvobitan (original, primal, primary, primordial), prošli (aforetime, bygone, foregone, last, long ago, overpast, past, preceding), ondašnji (then), nekadašnji (quondam, whilom), bivši (aforetime, late, onetime, whilom). (various references) | |
Spanish | pasada (last, pass, passade, past, previous, prior, row, turn), anterior (aforegoing, antecedent, anterior, before, earlier, fore, formerly, front, past, preceding, previous, prior). (various references) | |
Swedish | förre (last). (various references) | |
Turkish | sabık (earlier, erstwhile, ex, ex-, previous, prior, quondam, sometime), sınıf öğrencisi (grader), geçmiş (antecedents, background, belated, bygone, case history, departed, gone, history, lang syne, passe, passee, past, previous, standing, yesterdays), geçen (hereinabove, in excess of, last, late, other, passing, transitive, yester), gövde (body, carcase, carcass, ground form, Hull, shank, stem, stock, trunk), eski (ancient, archaic, auld, bygone, crusted, cut and dried, disused, earlier, early, erstwhile, ex, ex-, immemorial, late, obsolete, of long standing, of old, old, old time, old timer, olden, onetime, out of date, passe, passee, previous, prior, quondam, secondhand, sometime, trite, used, vet, veteran), eskí (ex-, old), biçimlendirici (formative, molder, moulder), önceki (antecedent, anterior, before, ex, ex-, foregoing, hereinabove, last, old, onetime, pre-, preceding, previous, prior, pristine, pro-, quondam, sometime, the former). (various references) | |
Turkmen | цсki (previous), hemiюe (always, earlier). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | творець (architect, author, creator, demiurge, father, maker, molder, moulder, original, originator, protoplast), колишній (ancient, departed, erstwhile, foregone, lapsed, late, old, olden, once, one time, overpast, prior, pristine, quondam), модель (archetype, cut out, pattern, replica, sampler, type), минулий (ancient, backward, bygone, departed, erstwhile, gone, last, one time, overblown, overpast, past). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | xưa (ancient, old-established, one-time, quondam, world-old), vấn đề trước, trước (ahead, before, preceding, previously, prior), nguyên (brut, crude, primary), < |
