Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Work |
WorkNoun1. Activity directed toward making or doing something; "she checked several points needing further work". 2. A product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing: "it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works"; "the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work"; "he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey"; "the work of an active imagination"; "erosion is the work of wind or water over time". 3. The occupation for which you are paid; "he is looking for employment"; "a lot of people are out of work". 4. Applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design". 5. The total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it); "he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre"; "Picasso's work can be divided into periods". 6. A place where work is done; "he arrived at work early today". 7. (physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force; "work equals force times distance". Verb1. Exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity; "I will work hard to improve my grades"; "she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor". 2. Be employed; "Is your husband working again?" "My wife never worked"; "Do you want to work after the age of 60?" "She never did any work because she inherited a lot of money"; "She works as a waitress to put herself through college". 3. Have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected; "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought"; "How does your idea work in practice?"; "This method doesn't work"; "The breaks of my new car act quickly"; "The medicine works only if you take it with a lot of water". 4. Perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore". 5. Shape, form, or improve a material; "work stone into tools"; "process iron"; "work the metal". 6. Give a work-out to: "Some parents exercise their infants"; "My personal trainer works me hard"; "work one's muscles". 7. Proceed along a path; "work one's way through the crowd"; "make one's way into the forest". 8. Operate in a certain place, area, or specialty; "She works the night clubs"; "The salesman works the Midwest"; "This artist works mostly in acrylics". 9. Proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity; "work your way through every problem or task"; "She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived"; "Start from the bottom and work towards the top". 10. : move in ran agitated manner; "His fingers worked with tension". 11. : cause to happen or to occur as a consequence; "I cannot work a miracle" "wreak havoc"; "bring comments"; "play a joke"; "The rain brought relief to the drought-stricken area". 12. : cause to work; "he is working his servants hard". 13. : prepare for crops; "Work the soil"; "cultivate the land". 14. : behave in a certain way when handled; "This dough does not work easily"; "The soft metal works well". 15. : have and exert influence or effect; "The artist's work influenced the young painter"; "She worked on her friends to support the political candidate". 16. : operate in or through; "Work the phones". 17. : cause to operate or function; "This pilot works the controls"; "Can you work an electric drill?". 18. : provoke or excite; "The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy". 19. : gratify and charm, usually in order to influence; "the political candidate worked the crowds". 20. : make something, usually for a specific function; "She molded the riceballs carefully"; "Form cylinders from the dough"; "shape a figure"; "Work the metal into a sword". 21. : move into or onto; "work the raisins into the dough"; "the student worked a few jokes into his presentation"; "work the body onto the flatbed truck". 22. : make uniform; "knead dough"; "work the clay until it is soft". 23. : use to one's advantage; "He exploit the new taxation system"; "She knows how to work the system"; "he works his parents for sympathy". 24. : find the solution to (a problem or question):"did you solve the problem?"; understand the meaning of; "did you get it?"; "Did you get my meaning?"; "He could not work the math problem". 25. : cause to undergo fermentation; "We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content"; "The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats". 26. : go sour or spoil; "The milk has soured"; "The wine worked"; "The cream has turned--we have to throw it out". 27. : arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion; "The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "work" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | Energy resulting from the motion of a system against a force and existing only during the process of energy conversion.Symbol W. (references) |
Chemistry | Quantity equal to the scalar product of a force and the corresponding displacement vector. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you are hard at work, denotes that you will win merited success by concentration of energy. To see others at work, denotes that hopeful conditions will surround you. To look for work, means that you will be benefited by some unaccountable occurrence. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Law | The physical and/or mental exertion expended by the worker. Source: European Union. (references) |
Math | (1) a structure providing an easily verified bound on the optimal value of an optimization problem. Typically used in the analysis of an approximation algorithm to prove the performance guarantee. (2) a mismatch of two symbols of string y at a distance of d is a "witness" to the fact that in no subject y could occur twice at a distance of exactly d positions (equivalently, that d cannot be a period of y). (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | To transform a workpiece, either by cutting-i. e. by stock removal or shearing-or by plastic deformation, principally with the object of shaping it. Furthermore:to subject a workpiece to physico-chemical action, such as welding or glueing. A workpiece is generally "worked" by exposing it to the action of a tool. Source: European Union. (references) |
Metallurgy | Any piece of material which is about to undergo, is undergoing, or has just undergone, a manufacturing operation. The term "unit", instead of "piece", can be used in counting(as in "construction in single units"). Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. The process of mining coal b. To crumble and yield under the action of a squeeze. Applied to pillars or roof of a coal mine. c. To be slowly closing under the action of a squeeze. Applied to portions of mine workings. d. Denoting that creep or squeeze is taking place e. The product of a force in terms of weight and the lineal distance through which it acts f. To undergo gradual movement, such as heaving, sliding, or sinking; said of rock materials g. Ore before it is beneficiated h. A place where industrial labor of any kind is carried on. Usually in the plural as saltworks, ironworks, etc i. Objects that are to be, are being, or have been treated, such as incleaning or finishing. (references) |
Multilingual Slang | Catalan (currar ), Hungarian (meló, melózni). (references) |
Public Administration | Cf. FR. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The outcome of building or civil engineering, works taken as a whole that is sufficient of itself to fulfil an economic and technical function. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Slang | Noun. Source: Webmaster and reporter for professional wrestling website. Definition: A planned contest. A match with a predetermined outcome. Context: Used by professional wrestling fans and reporters when discussing the sport and related topics. Social Source: Internet Professional Wrestling Webmasters/ Reporters. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Space | The overcoming of a resisting force over a distance. The work performed when a force F overcomes an equal resisting force along a distance x in the same direction equals Fx, i.e. F times x. If the force is not in the direction of the motion, only the vector component of F in that direction enters the calculation.Energy can be defined as the ability to perform work. (references) |
| A force acting through distance. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. In this relationship, the employer conceives of a productive activity, generally with the intention of creating financial revenues, and the employee contributes labour to the enterprise, usually in return for payment. Employment also exists in the public, nonprofit and household sectors. An employer is any entity that hires employees.The employee may contribute to the evolution of the enterprise, but the employer maintains control over the productive infrastructure, such as intellectual property and business contacts. Many persons sell their labor without having legal standing as employees. These workers are called independent contractors.
Employment is almost universal in capitalist societies, while it was of minor significance in pre-capitalist societies. To the extent that employment or the economic equivalent is not universal, unemployment exists.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Employment."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
From the perspective of physics, every physical system contains (alternatively, stores) a certain amount of a continuous, scalar quantity called energy; exactly how much is determined by taking the sum of a number of special-purpose equations, each designed to quantify energy stored in a particular way. There is no uniform way to visualize energy; it is best regarded as an abstract quantity useful in making predictions.
The first sort of prediction energy allows one to make is how much work a physical system could be made to do. Performing work requires energy, and thus the amount of energy in a system limits the maximum amount of work that a system could conceivably perform. In the one-dimensional case of applying a force through a distance, the energy required is ∫ f(x) dx, where f(x) gives the amount of force being applied as a function of the distance moved.
Note, however, that not all energy in a system is stored in a recoverable form; thus, in practice, the amount of energy in a system available for performing work may be much less than the total amount of energy in the system.
Energy also allows one to make predictions across problem domains. For example, if we assume we are in a closed system (i.e. the conservation of energy applies), we can predict how fast a particular resting body would be made to move if a particular amount of heat were completely transformed into motion in that body. Similarly, it allows us to predict how much heat might result from breaking particular chemical bonds.
The SI unit for both energy and work is the joule (J), named in honor of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton metre, and in terms of SI base units, 1 J equals 1 kg m2/s2. (Conversions. In cgs units, one erg is 1 g cm2/s2. The imperial/US unit for both energy and work is the foot pound.)
Noether's theorem relates the conservation of energy to the time invariance of physical laws.
Energy is said to exist in a variety of forms, each of which corresponds to a separate energy equation. Some of the more common forms of energy are listed below.
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is that portion of energy associated with the motion of a body.
For non-relativistic velocities, we can use the Newtonian approximation
- KE = ∫ v·dp
(where KE is kinetic energy, m is mass of the body, v is velocity of the body)
- KE = 1/2 mv2
At near-light velocities, we use the relativistic formula:
(where v is the velocity of the body, mo is its rest mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum.)
- KE = moc2(γ - 1) = γmoc2 - oc2 :γ = (1 - (v/c)2)-1/2
The second term, mc2, is the rest mass energy and the first term, γmc2 is the total energy of the body.
Heat
Heat is related to the internal kinetic energy of a mass, but it is not a form of energy. Heat is more akin to work in that it is a change in energy. The energy that heat represents a change specifically refers to the energy associated with the random translational motion of atoms and molecules in some identifiable mass. The conservation of heat and work form the First law of thermodynamics.
Potential energy
Potential energy is energy associated with being able to move to a lower-energy state, releasing energy in some form. For example a mass released above the Earth has energy resulting from the gravitational attraction of the Earth which is transferred in to kinetic energy.
Equation:
where m is the mass, h is the height and g is the value of acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface.
- Ep=mhg
Chemical energy
Chemical energy a form of potential energy related to the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.
Electrical energy
See Electrical energy.
Electromagnetic radiation
See electromagnetic radiation.
Mass
In the theory of relativity, the energy E of a particle is related to its momentum p and mass m by:
where c is the speed of light. This equation shows that the mass provides a contribution to the energy. Even if p is zero, the particle has a rest energy that is nonzero if the mass is nonzero. The rest energy is
- E2 = m2c4 + p2c2
See also: Entropy, Enthalpy, Thermodynamics
- E0 = mc2 (i.e. 90 petajoule/kg)
See also
- energy transmission
- energy storage
External Links
- Robert P Crease, "What does energy really mean?", Physics World, July 2002
- Online version: http://www.physicsweb.org/article/world/15/7/2
- Conversion Calculator for Units of ENERGY
Further reading
- Feynman, Richard. Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher. Helix Book. See the chapter "conservation of energy" for Feynman's explanation of what energy is, and how to think about it.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Energy."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In classical economics and all micro-economics labour is one of three factors of production, the others being land and capital. It is a measure of the work done by human beings. Modern macro-economics deals with this using the concept of human capital - and some analyses differentiate that further.In general, the word job refers to any discrete activity of economic production. In this sense, a group may divide up a set of tasks among its members, each task being "the job" of the individual it is assigned to.
However, in capitalist societies, the word "job" has become synonymous with "employment". This refers to the long term relationship between a laborer and those who have legal control of the other factors of production. In this sense, laborers talk of "getting a job", or "having a job".
This conceptual metaphor of a "job" as a possession has led to its use in slogans such as "money for jobs, not bombs". Similar conceptions are that of "land" as a possession (real estate) or intellectual rights as a possession (intellectual property). None of the three are recognized in traditional labour economics which emphasizes work, not entitlements or even necessarily royalties, as the basis of rights to receive economic benefits.
Kinds of labour: Telework, Slavery, Free-work
See also Profession, commuter
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Labour (economics)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In Newtonian mechanics, work is a measure of energy expended in applying force over a distance.
For the motion of a body against a constant force, work can be expressed as:
where
- W = F · d (dot product)
In modern physics, the term energy is generally used to refer to all forms of energy, including mechanical work.
- W : work (energy)
- F : force
- d : distance moved
The SI derived unit of work is the Joule. Other units include the erg, the foot-pound and the foot-poundal.
stub alarm
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mechanical work."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- mechanical work — See also Newtonian mechanics, Energy
- See labour (economics), manual labour, employment
- Work (movie)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Work."
Synonyms: WorkSynonyms: body of work (n), employment (n), oeuvre (n), piece of work (n), study (n), workplace (n), act (v), act upon (v), bring (v), crop (v), cultivate (v), do work (v), exercise (v), exploit (v), ferment (v), figure out (v), forge (v), form (v), function (v), go (v), influence (v), knead (v), lick (v), make (v), make for (v), mold (v), mould (v), operate (v), play (v), process (v), put to work (v), puzzle out (v), run (v), shape (v), solve (v), sour (v), turn (v), work on (v), work out (v), wreak (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: on-the-job (metallurgy). |
| Antonyms: idle (v), malfunction (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Action | Verb: do, perform, execute; achieve; (complete); transact, enact; commit, perpetrate, inflict; exercise, prosecute, carry on, work, practice, play. |
Noun: action, performance; doing; Verb: perpetration; exercise, excitation; movement, operation, evolution, work; labor; (exertion); praxis, execution; procedure; (conduct); handicraft; business; agency; (power at work). | |
Agency | Verb: be -in action; Adjective: operate, work; act, act upon; perform, play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike. |
Noun: agency, operation, force, working, strain, function, office, maintenance, exercise, work, swing, play; interworking, interaction; procurement. | |
Book | Noun: booklet; writing, work, volume, tome, opuscule; tract, tractate; livret; brochure, libretto, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet, enchiridion, circular, publication; chap book. |
Business | Matter in hand, irons in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, chore, errand, commission, mission, charge, care; duty. |
Exercise; work; (action); avocation; press of business; (activity). | |
Effect | Production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature, creation; offspring, offshoot; firstfruits, firstlings; heredity, telegony; premices premises. |
Exertion | Labor, work, toil, travail, manual labor, sweat of one's brow, swink, drudgery, slavery, fagging, hammering; limae labor; industry, industriousness, operoseness, operosity. |
Labor, work, toil, moil, sweat, fag, drudge, slave, drag a lengthened chain, wade through, strive, stretch a long arm; pull, tug, ply; ply the oar, tug at the oar; do the work; take the laboring oar | |
Ornament | Garnish, trim, dizen, bedizen, prink, prank; trick out, fig out; deck, bedeck, dight, bedight, array; begawd, dress, dress up; spangle, bespangle, powder; embroider, work; chase, emboss, fret, emblazon; illuminate; illustrate. |
Passage | Verb: pass, pass through; perforate; (hole); penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid, enfilade; go through, go across; go over, pass over; cut across; ford, cross; pass and repass, work; make one's way, thread one's way, worm one's way, force one's way; make a passage form a passage; cut one's way through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make way, clear the course; traverse, go over the ground. |
Use | Ply, work, wield, handle, manipulate; play, play off; exert, exercise, practice, avail oneself of, profit by, resort to, have recourse to, recur to, take betake oneself to; take up with, take advantage of; lay one's hands on, try. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Your father and I were just discussing his day at work. Why don't you tell our daughter about it, honey (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) That's why it's going to work. (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski and Larry Wachowski.) But I bet they work too hard (Eyes Wide Shut; writing credit: Arthur Schnitzler; Stanley Kubrick) S'okay. Everybody back to work! (Moulin Rouge!; writing credit: Baz Luhrmann; Craig Pearce) If we bring a little joy into your humdrum lives, it makes us feel as if our hard work ain't been in vain for nothing (Singin' in the Rain; writing credit: Betty Comden; Adolph Green) | |
Lyrics | We can work it out, (We Can Work It Out (Lennon/McCartney); performing artist: The Beatles) And I can see ya coming home after work late (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) All my work and endless measures (Duck And Run; performing artist: 3 Doors Down) Now let me see you work it out on me (I Do (Wanna Get Close To You); performing artist: 3LW) Mmmm, Work It Baby, Work It Baby (Rock the Boat; performing artist: Aaliyah) | |
Clever | Thunder is impressive, but it is lightning that does the work. (references; author: Mark Twain) If you watch a game, it's fun. If you play it, it's recreation. If you work at it, it's golf. (references; author: Bob Hope) Tracers work both ways. (references; author: unknown) Art is work, to sell it is art. (references; author: unknown) Miners Refuse to Work after Death (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Would I Ever Like to Work (1974) I Don't Have to Work That Big (1973) Idle at Work (1972) Bridge Work (1970) But Loves Us When We Dance God Respects Us When We Work (1968) | |
Song Titles | This Woman's Work (performing artist: Maxwell) WORK IT (performing artist: MISSY ELLIOT) Cowboy's Work is Never Done (performing artist: Sonny and Cher) We Can Work It Out (performing artist: The Beatles) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown are the hands of a technician performing a test. Visible are the test tubes she is working on and a pair of scissors, which she uses in her work. She is performing some basic research concerning breast cancer. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Shows Dr. Carl Voegtlin, NCI director 1940 and Dr. M.J. Shear standing at desk in office analyzing paper work, "Mobilizing Man, Mice and Machines for the Fight". Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | CDC spray equipment leaving the warehouse at a field office in Laredo, TX, for work in a flood area. Credit: CDC. |  | Using laser light, CDC laboratory scientists sometimes work with a confocal microscope when diagnosing various pathogens. Credit: CDC. |
 | Low and Wisoff at Work. Credit: NASA. |  | The colorful "zigzag" on the right is not the work of a flamboyant artist, but the signature ... Credit: NASA. |
 | It's a very big universe out there, and an astronomer's work is never done when it comes to ... Credit: NASA. |  | On the edge of the Kalahari Desert in Namibia, sand dunes are encroaching onto once-fertile lands in the north. Healthy vegetation appears red in this image; in the center, notice the lone red dot. It is the result of a center-pivot irrigation system, evidence that at least one optimistic farmer continues to work the fields despite the approaching sand. Credit: NASA. |
 | Traverse work on Florida's West Coast Traverse crew off of HYDROGRAPHER. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Early morning computing - verifying last night's work Astro party of Ralph Pfau. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Work" by Barba-azul Commentary: "Working with computer ." | "Clay work" by Silas Yamakami Commentary: "Man making a clay pot." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | A heavy Romantic era work quite reminiscent of a Chopin composition. | | A classical guitar playing a solo work for guitar. |
| Beethoven style work for piano. | | Lots of complex synthesized work similar to an early Peter Gabriel style. |
| Heavily synthesized piece very typical of a work by Jan Hammer. | | A major work featuring chordal accompaniment and melody. |
| A Latin jazz work featuring an electric guitar. | | A typical closing section to an American popular musical theater work. |
| Digital hip hop style typical of a work from the late 1980's through early 1990's. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
David Livingstone | Fear God and work hard. |
Elbert Hubbard | We work to become, not to acquire. |
Garson Kanin | Amateurs hope, professionals work. |
Jean De La Fontaine | By the work one knows the workmen. |
Johann Friedrich Von Schiller | Will it, and set to work briskly. |
John Heywood | Many hands make light work. |
John Wooden | Nothing will work unless you do. |
Thomas Carlyle | Work alone is noble. |
Virgil | All aglow is the work. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Neither we nor our bailiffs shall take, for our castles or for any other work of ours, wood which is not ours, against the will of the owner of that wood. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | The labour of his body, and the work of his hands, we may say, are properly his. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 2: The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | In proportion therefore, as the repulsiveness of the work increases, the wage decreases. (reference) |
Abraham Lincoln | 1863 | It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. (The Gettysburg Address) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Seventh.The principle that men and women should receive equal remuneration for work of equal value. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | We cannot afford, if we can help it, to work on narrow margins, offering temptations to a trial of strength. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (reference) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961 | With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own. (reference) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1897) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Tangled Tale | Carroll, Lewis | You will take account of the rate of work, the lightness of the scarves, and their warmth |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | The mother laid her work upon the table, and put her hand up to her face |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | It must have been a work of vast ability in the somniferous school of literature |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | They all rushed to the work. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The work is going ahead there too. |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | But flowers work almost as well |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | [To the BISHOPS] Come, let us to our holy work again |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | She stopped her work then and inspected him oddly, as though he suggested a curious thing |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | We rowed by my computation about three leagues, till we were able to work no longer, being already spent with labor while we were in the ship |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | There is no play in them, for this comes after work. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Recreation and work centers. (references) | |
Be patient and continue to work together. (references) | ||
Computers help a lot in the work on the rabies virus. (references) | ||
Business | To work in Poland a foreigner must get a work permit. (references) | |
As in many Chinese work places, safety is a low priority. (references) | ||
Further, we believe it is critical to do this work yourself. (references) | ||
Children | Djibouti | A few charitable organizations work with children. (references) |
Philippines | Widespread poverty forces many young children to work. (references) | |
Dominican Republic | In return for their work they are given basic housing. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Bhutan | By treaty citizens may reside and work in India. (references) |
Micronesia | Missionaries of many faiths work in the country without hindrance. (references) | |
Iceland | The refugees are granted work permits and assisted in finding jobs. (references) | |
Discrimination | Hong Kong | An Equal Opportunities Commission has been established to work toward the elimination of discrimination and to promote equality of opportunity with specific reference to gender, disability, and family status. (references) |
Economic History | Saudi Arabia | More Saudis work in the public sector. (references) |
Australia | Tax reform remains a work in progress. (references) | |
Human Rights | United Kingdom | Work had not resumed by year's end. (references) |
Ireland | Work remained suspended during the year. (references) | |
Nigeria | PRAWA and the ICRC published newsletters on their work. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Central African Republic | Pygmies often work for villagers at wages lower than those paid to members of other groups. (references) |
Venezuela | In 1998 the Government agreed to work with the NGO's under IACHR mediation to resolve the case. (references) | |
El Salvador | Indigenous women in particular have little access to educational and work opportunities due to cultural practices, lack of resources, and rural underdevelopment. (references) | |
Minorities | India | Many rural Dalits work as agricultural laborers for higher caste landowners. (references) |
Hong Kong | It serves the approximately 67,000 Indonesian domestic helpers who work in the SAR. (references) | |
Central African Republic | The members work closely with other church groups and social organizations on social issues. (references) | |
Political Economy | SWEDEN | The standard legal work week is 40 hours or less. (references) |
Italy | Much of Parliament's work takes place in committees. (references) | |
Denmark | One-half of the work force is employed in the public sector. (references) | |
Political Rights | Zimbabwe | The NCA continued to work on a new draft at year's end. (references) |
Greece | These officials work in close cooperation with both elected mayors and local leaders (Christian and Muslim). (references) | |
Korea | The vast majority of the KWP's estimated 3 million members work to implement decrees formulated by the Party's small elite. (references) | |
Trade | Turkey | Turkish leasing companies are eager to work with U.S. counterparts. (references) |
Eq. Guinea | Of the thirty banks operating in Central Africa, two work in Equatorial Guinea. (references) | |
Bahrain | Strikes are prohibited in Bahrain, so work stoppages are not a significant problem. (references) | |
Travel | Denmark | Danes work shorter hours than Americans. (references) |
Bahrain | Many banks work Saturday through Thursday. (references) | |
Cote D'ivoire | Cellular telephones work under the GSM 900 standard. (references) | |
Women | Korea | Like men, working-age women must work. (references) |
Oman | Women also have made gains in the work force. (references) | |
Luxembourg | Women constitute 33 percent of the work force. (references) | |
Worker Rights | United Kingdom | Some also work in agriculture. (references) |
Albania | Many persons work 6 days a week. (references) | |
Somalia | Substantial numbers of children work. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | FROG, n. A reptile with edible legs. The first mention of frogs in profane literature is in Homer's narrative of the war between them and the mice. Skeptical persons have doubted Homer's authorship of the work, but the learned, ingenious and industrious Dr. Schliemann has set the question forever at rest by uncovering the bones of the slain frogs. One of the forms of moral suasion by which Pharaoh was besought to favor the Israelities was a plague of frogs, but Pharaoh, who liked them fricasees, remarked, with truly oriental stoicism, that he could stand it as long as the frogs and the Jews could; so the programme was changed. The frog is a diligent songster, having a good voice but no ear. The libretto of his favorite opera, as written by Aristophanes, is brief, simple and effective -- "brekekex-koax"; the music is apparently by that eminent composer, Richard Wagner. Horses have a frog in each hoof -- a thoughtful provision of nature, enabling them to shine in a hurdle race. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Ben Kingsley | There is a method. I mean, I can't always apply it, because sometimes I have to work. Because I've got four children, et cetera, et cetera. |
David Berkowitz | Well, because I work and go to chapel and so forth, I can spend a good portion of my day outside of the cell. |
Dennis Miller | Or better yet, make the kids find work so both parents can stay home. |
Gerald Ford | My fellow Americans, we have a lot of work to do. My former colleagues, you and I have a lot of work to do. Let's get on with it. |
Michael Chertoff | Nineteen airmen killed, a lot of local people were killed. It was not al Qaeda, it was Hezbollah, which is a separate group, although they sometimes work together. |
Mike Medavoy | The director. And most of the work that we did, we put on the director. You know, we basically backed filmmakers, and we backed people. |
Rosemary Altea | I actually think that John and others do tremendous and fabulous work. And I think they help a lot of people. |
Rush Limbaugh | Let the marketplace work. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | To cooperate with you in this desirable work is a fervent and favorite wish of my heart. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Relying, then, on the patronage of your good will, I advance with obedience to the work, ready to retire from it whenever you become sensible how much better choice it is in your power to make. |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | Conditions must be provided under which people can make a living and work out of their difficulties. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Its work must be amplified to fill in the whole pattern that has been outlined. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | Only as we show willingness and wisdom in giving counsel--in receiving counsel--and in sharing burdens, will we wisely perform the work of peace. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Nevertheless, while a strain is not a fracture, it is clear that the forces of diversity are at work inside the Communist camp, despite all the iron disciplines of regimentation and all the iron dogmatisms of ideology. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Millions of our neighbors are without work. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Do the hard work of freedom. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Give someone on welfare the chance to go to work. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Yet compassion is the work of a nation, not just a government. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Work" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 70.24% of the time. "Work" is used about 81,633 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 70.24% | 57,340 | 151 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 23.61% | 19,277 | 466 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 6.13% | 5,002 | 1,961 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.02% | 13 | 97,576 |
| Total | 100.00% | 81,633 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "work" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Work | Last name | 1,000 | 8,682 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "work". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Asiel | N/A | Biblical | The work of God |
| Elpaal | N/A | Biblical | God's work |
| Jaasiel | N/A | Biblical | God's work |
| Maaseiah | N/A | Biblical | The work of the Lord |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Mark's Work Wearhouse Ltd. | USA | Mothers Work, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "work": a work in three volumes ♦ ability to work ♦ able to work ♦ accident on the way to and from work ♦ actual work time ♦ advanced work ♦ aerial work ♦ afternoon work ♦ Agency for European Folk High School Work ♦ allergic to work ♦ allergy to work ♦ amateur work ♦ appliqué work ♦ applique work ♦ apply for work ♦ apprentice's examination work ♦ artistic work ♦ artist's work room ♦ at work ♦ attend to one's work ♦ atypical work ♦ audiovisual work ♦ automated work ♦ aversion for work ♦ backlog of work ♦ backstage work ♦ balk at the work ♦ Bantam work ♦ Basket work ♦ be a demon for work ♦ be a devil to work ♦ be a glutton for hard work ♦ be able to work ♦ be at work ♦ be behind one's work ♦ be behind with one's work ♦ be engrossed in one's work ♦ be in arrears with one's work ♦ be out of work ♦ be tied to one's work ♦ be up to date with one's work ♦ be up to one's ears in work ♦ be up to one's eyes in work ♦ be up to the eye in work ♦ bend over one's work ♦ Berlin work ♦ Bioenergetic movement work ♦ black work ♦ body of work ♦ Bolster work ♦ brain work ♦ break in the work ♦ break period,2)break in work ♦ breast work ♦ buckle down to work ♦ buckle to work ♦ building work ♦ buried in work ♦ capacity for work ♦ carved work ♦ case work ♦ casual work ♦ catch up on a backlog of one's work ♦ cessation of work ♦ charity work ♦ choral work ♦ Church work ♦ clearance work ♦ clerical work ♦ collected work ♦ communal work ♦ composite audiovisual work ♦ computer net work ♦ computer Supported Cooperative Work ♦ conscious decision to work with biologial agents ♦ construction work ♦ contract to make up work ♦ contract work ♦ crochet work ♦ Crown work ♦ cut out work for ♦ dangerous work ♦ dawdle over one's work ♦ day work ♦ day's work ♦ daytime work ♦ definitive work ♦ delicate work ♦ demolition work ♦ demon for work ♦ desk work ♦ detective work ♦ dirty work ♦ disengaging oneself from work or occupation ♦ distance work ♦ disturb smb. at work ♦ diversion work ♦ division of work ♦ do detective work ♦ do laboratory work ♦ do one's work. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "work": work-a-day, work-alike, work-and, work-around, work-arounds, work-assignments, work-attitudes, work-authorisation, work-based, work-basket, work-battered, work-bench, work-benches, work-bent, work-book, work-books, work-box, work-break, work-camp, work-card, work-cards, work-centred, work-clothes, work-clothing, work-coat, work-conditions, work-connected, work-counter, work-creation, work-day, work-discipline, work-disincentive, work-effort, work-entered, work-ethic, work-experience, work-experiences, work-face, work-filled, work-fit, work-flow, work-folk, work-force, work-forces, work-free, work-from-both-sides, work-group, work-groups, work-happy, work-hard, work-hardened, work-heads, work-holding, work-horse, work-horses, work-hours, work-house, work-houses, work-hungry, work-in, work-income, work-induced, work-in-process, work-in-progress, work-ins, work-in-school, work-jacket, work-leave, work-leisure, work-level, work-life, work-line, work-load, work-loads, work-loving, work-mate, work-mates, work-net, work-obsessed, work-orientated, work-out, work-outs, work-over, work-pace, work-paced, work-pacing, work-parties, work-people, work-performance, work-permit, work-piece, work-place, work-places, work-potential, work-practice, work-processing, work-product, work-psychology, work-rate, work-reddened, work-refusing, work-related, work-relationship, work-rider-cum-jockey, work-role, work-room, work-roughened, work-rounds, work-rule, work-satisfied, work-saving, work-shadowing, work-sharing, work-sheet, work-sheet-auditing, work-sheets, work-shift, work-shop, work-shy, work-situation, work-situations, work-space, work-spaces, work-specific, work-stained, work-station, work-stations, work-study, work-study program, work-surface, work-swollen, work-table, work-teams, work-testing, work-that, work-through, work-time, work-to-contract, work-top, work-tops, work-to-rule, work-to-rules, work-up, work-watchers, work-wear, work-weary, work-weathered, work-welfare, work-wise, work-women, work-world, work-worn. | |
Ending with "work": after-work, art-work, brick-work, care-work, case-work, course-work, farm-work, field-work, figure-work, frame-work, home-work, journey-to-work, lattice-work, maid-of-all-work, metal-work, net-work, night-work, non-work, open-work, out-of-work, paper-work, passage-work, pipe-work, pre-work, re-work, shift-work, social-work, spade-work, starting-to-work, team-work, travel-to-work, war-work. | |
Containing "work": denice-work-if-you-can-get-it, hot-work steel, maid-of-all-work-cum-nursemaid, negative-work-hours, non-work-related, non-work-time, now-they-work-and-now-they-don't, out-of-work pay, out-of-work-donation, out-of-work-hours. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
how to work at home | 11,973 | work at home business | 640 |
work from home | 10,170 | michigan work | 635 |
work | 4,302 | black art work | 597 |
art work | 2,940 | social work job | 590 |
work at home job | 2,352 | cartoon net work.com | 569 |
bath body work | 2,112 | national work at home employment center | 562 |
how stuff work | 1,769 | work at home | 550 |
horse at work | 1,497 | cartoon art work | 541 |
camera does work | 1,469 | computer work at home | 537 |
how things work | 1,142 | microsoft work | 517 |
work from home job | 1,126 | work at home for free | 497 |
fantasy art work | 1,084 | work bench | 488 |
work at home moms | 951 | work from home opportunity | 477 |
work boot | 916 | work out | 456 |
work at home opportunity | 914 | work permit | 446 |
it work | 903 | game work | 436 |
home work | 894 | volunteer work | 411 |
how computer work | 826 | work with computer | 391 |
social work | 725 | man at work | 375 |
business work software | 716 | number work | 359 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "work"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | werk (chore, function, job, operate, run), loop (flow, function, operate, run), arbeid (chore, job). (various references) | |
Albanian | funksionoj (function, functionate, operate, run). (various references) | |
Arabic | تعذيب (grilling, third degree, torment, torture), رغوة (foam, froth, head, scum, spume, surf, yeast), أدار (administer, boss, carry on, cast, direct, dispense, govern, manage, mobilize, operate, order, preside, procure, rotate, run, slew, slue, spin, spun, steward, superintend, tumble, twiddle, twirl, wind), أثر (bias, count, echo, effect, give rise to, hint, impress, influence, lead, mark, odor, odour, operate, prefer, repercussion, scent, sink, soupcon, streak, tag, tinge, tint, touch, trace, trail, trait, vestige), أثر أدبي (hackwork), أثار (aggravate, arouse, awaken, bestir, burn, chafe, elicit, engage, evoke, exacerbate, exalt, excite, fan, ferment, flurry, foment, fray, frazzle, fret, fuss, gall, get, gravel, gripe, heat, impassion, inflame, infuriate, inspire, instigate, irritate, itch, jog, jostle, kindle, madden, move, outrage, pique, remnant, rile, rouse, sour, stimulate, switch on, tease, thrill, touch off, transport, trigger, trouble, turn on, unsettle, urge, vex, whet, whip), أعد من طريق التحويل, أحرز مكانة, إشتغل (dabble, job, labor, labour, put in), إضطهاد (gross injustice, oppression, persecution), إحتال (cheat, do, finesse, gull, gyp, pluck, trick, victimize, wangle), الأجزاء العاملة, خاص بالعمل, شغل (activate, busy, carry out, employ, engage, fill, hold, job, occupation, operate, pop on, power, run, switch on, task, turn on), سدد من طريق العمل, عملية (action), حدث (befall, calamity, come, come about, come by, come off, disaster, episode, event, fall out, flow, go, happen, happening, incident, juvenile, occasion, occur, pass, phenomenon, place, rise, take place, transpire, young, youngish, youngling, youngster), حول (ability, about, alien, around, be cross eyed, bleach, capricious, commit, concerning, deed, deliver, deter, divert, encode, hand down, hand over, make, metamorphose, power, process, redress, refer, relocate, round, stop, switch, transfer, transmute, transpose, turn, whimsical, withdraw, year), حل مسألة (working), قطعة الشغل, نستخدم في العمل, نتيجة (conclusion, consequence, echo, effect, emanation, end, event, fruit, offshoot, offspring, outcome, payoff, precipitate, product, progeny, purpose, ramification, repercussion, result, score, sequel, termination, upshot), مصنع (factory, manufactory, mill, plant, workshop), مهنة (avocation, business, calling, career, craftsmanship, function, job, metier, occupation, practice, profession, pursuit, trade, vocation), مهمة (assignment, business, charge, commission, designation, duty, errand, function, job, mission, office, place, stint, task, undertaking), كتاب (book, compilation, publication, school, volume), فعل (act, action, do, doing, make, performance), عمل (act, deed, produce, to do), عمل (act, action, aggravation, berth, business, deed, elaborate, employment, engagement, fag, feat, function, gird on, job, labor, labour, making, occupation, place, pursuit, racket, see, situation, task). (various references) | |
Asturian | trabayar (to work). (various references) | |
Aymara | irnaqaña (to work). (various references) | |
Basque | lan egin (work to). (various references) | |
Bemba | ukubomba (to work). (various references) | |
Blackfoot | iitáóhkipistao'p (work horse), á'po'taki (to work). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | пресмятам (calculate, compute, figure, figure out, figure up, reckon, tally, tot up, value, work out), откупвам с работа, обработвам (arrange, belabor, belabour, cultivate, cure, curry, farm, husband, labor, labour, plough, process, retrieve, till, tool, work up), меся (beat, knead, pug), мачкам (crease, crumple, knead, mash, maul, paw, squash, squeeze, squish), мина (caisson, diggings, land mine, mine, petard), занимавам се (busy, concern, employ oneself, exercise, pursue), за работа, експлоатирам (drive, exploit, maintain, milk, operate, run), бродерия (broidery, embroidery, fancy work, fancywork, needlework, stitchery), деяние (act), произведение (product, production, workmanship), въздействувам (affect, impinge, influence, operate, react, reverberate), преработвам (adapt, overwork, process, recast, recycle, rehandle, remodel, revamp, revise, work over, write over), причинявам (bring, bring about, bring forth, cause, create, do, effect, engender, generate, induce, inflict, make, procure, produce, putrefy, set off, set up, throw down, work up), получавам срещу работа, подвизавам се (be active), изработка (manufacture), изработвам (dress, elaborate, frame, make, produce, set up, spin, turn out), движа се (bear, fluctuate, forge ahead, get about, go, heave, move, navigate, ride, run, set, stir, travel, walk), движа (impel, move, ply, run, stir), докарвам (account, bring, bring over, bring up, dress, dress up, drive, induce, land, lay, produce, reduce, return, send, set, smarten), донасям (bring, bring around, bring round, fetch, get it, inform, notify, report, return), бродирам (embroider, needle), трудов (labor, labour, occupational, working), стомах (guts, stomach, tummy), ушивам (make up, sew), свивам (bend, constrict, contract, convulse, cop, double, double up, draw, knap, knit, knit together, knot, neck, pinch, pucker, roll, screw, screw up, set, shorten, snitch, swing, turn, turn down, twist, wad, warp), смятам (adjudge, calculate, cipher, consider, count, deem, feel, figure, find, guess, judge, number, opine, reckon, regard, see, set down, take, ween), ръководя (administer, administrate, be in charge of, boss, carry on, conduct, control, direct, guide, keep, lead, manage, mastermind, moderate, oversee, pioneer, rule, run, supervise, tutor), ръкоделие (needlework, stitchery), решавам (adjudicate, choose, conclude, decide, determine, elect, figure out, make up one's mind, resolve, seal, settle, solve), работя правилно, работя (operate, perform, run, serve), работа (affair, avocation, berth, billet, business, char, concern, dealings, do, employ, employment, engagement, function, job, labor, labour, lay, line, matter, occasions, occupation, operation, part, performance, place, ploy, proceedings, proposition, run, running, service, shebang, shop, show, situation, thing, undertaking, working, workmanship), оформям (fashion, model, style, work down), ферментирам (ferment, heat, yeast), вмъквам (bring, bring in, inject, insert, inset, interject, interpolate, interpose, parenthesize, put in, run in, slip, throw in, weave, work in), труд (labor, labour, pains, trouble), творчество, творба (creation, workmanship), кова (beat, forge, hammer, nail, tilt), карам да работи, кипя (boil, churn, effervesce, ferment, seethe, wallop), гърча (wriggle), вървя (foot, go, gone, move, pass, pike, progress, push on, ride, run, sell, step, track, tread, walk), вътрешни органи, създавам (beget, build up, create, devise, erect, establish, float, form, make, mother, originate, present, raise up, spawn, start, throw up), функционирам правилно. (various references) | |
Catalan | treballar. (various references) | |
Cebuano | magtrabaho (to work). (various references) | |
Chamorro | para man fachóchó (to work). (various references) | |
Chinese | 工作 (construction, job, task). (various references) | |
Cornish | gonys (to work). (various references) | |
Czech | pracovat (act, engage in, function, go out to work, labor, labour, operate, perform, work at). (various references) | |
Danish | arbejde (chore, job). (various references) | |
Dutch | werken (act, be effective, ferment, function, have effect, operate, run, vary, works), werk (action, chore, job), het doen (function, operate, run), functioneren (function, operate, run), arbeid (chore, job). (various references) | |
Ecuadorian Quechua | llamcana (to work). (various references) | |
Esperanto | verko, laboro (job), labori, funkciigi (control, operate), funkcii (function, operate, run). (various references) | |
Faeroese | virka (act, be effective, function, have effect, operate, run, take action), verk (practice), starva (function, operate, run), bókmentaverk, arbeiði (chore, job, profession), arbeiða. (various references) | |
Farsi | موثرواقع شدن , نوشتجات (Literature), کارکردن (Act, Go), کار (Act, Activity, Affair, Appointment, Avocation, Deed, Duty, Fist, Function, Job, Office, Opus, Ploy, Proposition, Service, Shebang, Task, Thing, Vocation, Workmanship), وظیفه (Assignment, Duty, Function, Incumbency, Obligation, Office, Role, Service, Task, Taskwork), زیست (Existence), عملی شدن , عملکرد (Turnover), عمل کردن (Act, Do, Exercise, Function), عمل (Act, Experiment, Exploit, Function, Issue, Jest, Latitude, Operation, Ploy), استحکامات (Defence, Defense, Rampart), اثارادبی یاهنری , شغل (Employ, Job, Metier, Occupation, Office, Position, Post, Profession, Situation, Trade, Vocation). (various references) | |
Finnish | työskennellä (be at work, be employed, be working), työ (act, deed, employment, job, labour, task), toimia (act, be in action, be in operation, function, go about a thing, operate, run, take action). (various references) | |
French | travailler (to work), ouvrage, travail (working), ouvrer (to work). (various references) | |
Frisian | wurk (chore, job), arbeidzje, arbeid (chore, job). (various references) | |
German | Arbeit (assigned job, chore, employment, job, labor, labour, paper, piece of work, pile, project, script, stint, task, test, working), Werk (act, affair, business, business deal, case, deed, factory, matter, mechanism, plant, product, production, works), arbeiten (be at work, be busy, fashion, ferment, function, have a job, jobs, labor, labour, labours, make, operate, sculpture, study, to act, to work, toil, working, workings, works), Leistung (accomplishment, achievement, benefit, capacity, effort, feat, merit, obligation, output, payment, performance, power, produce, rating, result, service, showing), bearbeiten (adapt, arrange, badger, belabor, bludgeon, cultivate, dress, edit, handle, hew, hewed, machine, process, revise, shape, to edit, tool, treat, work on). (various references) | |
Greek | εργάζομαι (labor, labour, operate), κατεργάζομαι (process, tool), έργο (deed, doing, film, opus, play, task), εργασία (business, employment, job, labor, labour, operation, workmanship), δουλεύω, δουλειά (assignment, business, job, serfdom, servitude, slavery, task). (various references) | |
Guarani | rembiaporãme (at work), rembiapópe (at work), remba'apo (you work), amba'apomi (I work a little bit). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | funksionoj (function, operate, run). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מלאכה (business, craft, craftsmanship, employment, labour, metier, occupation, skill, task), משלוח יד (business, calling, metier, occupation, vocation), מפעל (deed, enterprise, project, undertaking, venture), לפעול (accomplish, achieve, act, do, function, influence, make, perform), לעמול (labor, labour, make effort, moil, slog, take pains, toil, travail), לעשות (accomplish, act, create, do, execute, fulfill, labour, make, manage, produce), לעבוד (labor, labour, serve, till, toil), להפעיל (activate, actuate, bring into play, operate, ply, set in motion, start, trigger, turn on, wield), עבודה (creation, labor, labour, service, toil). (various references) | |
Hungarian | munka (chore, civil engineering, engineering, job, jog-trot, labor, labour, non-exacting work, press of business, task, to be on the road, workmanship). (various references) | |
Icelandic | vinna (chore, job), verka, verk (chore, job). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kerja (job, labour, occupation), karya (opus), faal (action, deep, function, omen, sign), eksploitir (exploit), berkarya (do work, produce a masterwork), amal (alms, charity, deed, good deed). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | sanajuq (to work). (various references) | |
Irish | obair. (various references) | |
Italian | lavorare (do business, hew, labor, labour, operate), opera (action, agency, deed, foundation, handiwork, institution, opera, opus, organization), lavoro (achievement, business, chore, employment, job, labor, labour, occupation, output, shop, stint, task, working, yield), funzionare (act, behave, function, go, operate, pay off, run, tick). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 業 (act, actions committed in a former life, Buddhist karma, deed, performance). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | さくひん (opus, performance, production), はたらき (ability, achievement, action, activity, conjugation, function, inflection, labor, motion, movement, operation, talent, workings), わざ (act, art, deed, performance, technique), ろうえき (labor, toil), ろうむ (labor, service), ろうどう (followers, manual labor, retainers, toil, vassals), こうさく (blending, cable, complication, construction, cultivation, farming, handicraft, maneuvering, mixture, steel wire rope), いとなみ (life), せいさく (beginning of the month or the year, manufacture, New Year's Day, policy, political measures, production, the calendar), ちょ (be profitable), さいく (craftsmanship, tactics, trick), ぎょうせき (achievement, behavior, contribution, performance, results), さぎょう (fatigue duty, manufacturing, operation), きき (brilliance, crisis, damage, demolishing, destroying, disliking, displeasure, dreadful, effective, effectiveness, efficacy, ghastly, machinery and tools, offense, the Kojiki and Nihonshoki), きんむ (duty, service), しごと (employment, occupation), そうさく (investigation, literary creation, production, search), トラバーユ , ワーク , バイト (bite, byte), ぎょうむ (affairs, business, duties), どう (body, change, child, confusion, copper, foolishness, frame, how, how about, ibid., in what way, labor, motion, prefix to building meaning "magnificent", servant, the said, the same, trunk). (various references) | |
Korean | 일 (Affair, Day, days, Job, Jobs, Working, workings, works). (various references) | |
Luganda | okukola (to work). (various references) | |
Macedonian | raboti (to work). (various references) | |
Malagasy | asa. (various references) | |
Malay | kerja. (various references) | |
Manx | obbraghey (act, action, behaviour, behaviour of machines, crew, cultivate, elaboration, employment, exercise, forge, function, handle, handling, influence, labour, motion, operate, operation, performance, ply, process, start, wangle; persuance, work up, wreak), labraghey (labour, labouring, working), laboraght (labour, toil). (various references) | |
Maori | mahi-a (to work). (various references) | |
Norwegian | arbeid (chore, employment, job). (various references) | |
Occitan | trabalhar. (various references) | |
Papago | chikpan (to work). (various references) | |
Papiamen | traha, trabou (chore, job), obra (chore, job), labor (chore, job), funshoná (function, operate, run). (various references) | |
Pidgin English | work (to work). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | orkway.(various references) | |
Polish | uruchamiać (control, operate), robota (chore, job), pracować, praca (assigned job, chore, job, task), funkcjonować (function, operate, run), dzieło, działać (function, operate, run). (various references) | |
Portuguese | trabalho (ado, craftsmanship, employment, function, hardship, job-, labor, labour, needlework, pain, painstaking, service, workmanship, works), trabalhar (behave, cultivate, dig, do, fag, function, functionate, labor, labour, mole, swot, tool), obra (accomplishment, achievement, action, doing, job, shell-work), funcionar (behave, function, functionate, move, operate, run), esforço (ado, attempt, campaign, doing, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, fetch, pain, painstaking, strain, straining, struggle, tax, tension, test, works). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | trabalho. (various references) | |
Provencal | trabalhar (to work). (various references) | |
Quechua | trabajuman (to work), llank'aq (in order to work). (various references) | |
Romanian | merge (act, draw, drive, fir, foot, function, get, go, hark, hedge, hit, leg it, make, move, operate, pace, pass, repair, ride, roll, run, stand, step, travel), funcţiona (act, be at work, beat, behave, function, functionate, hit, move, operate, run). (various references) | |
Romansch | lavurar (to work). (various references) | |
Romany | booti keràv (to work). (various references) | |
Russian | работа (dead horse, duty, job, labor, labour, making, operation, proceedings, service, working), действовать (act, be in operation, do, follow with, functionate, get going, kabobalating, operate, proceed, pursue, remain in force, run, take). (various references) | |
Samoan | e galue (to work). (various references) | |
Scottish | obair (a work, chore, job, labour), saothair (chore, job, labour, pains, toil). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | uraditi, rešiti (conclude, decide, eventuate, solve, thrash out, untangle), radno mesto (opening, situation), raditi (do, labor, labour, operate, perform, practise), rad (business, labor, labour, open, running, willing, working), prerađivati (adapt), poslovati (operate, putter), posao (affair, business, chore, job, ongoings, transaction, truck), napraviti (crank out, incur, make, run up), kovati (coin, mint, smith), delovati (affect, influence), delatnost (activity, agency, sovereignty), akcija (act, action, activity, drive, share). (various references) | |
Shona | -sevenza (to work). (various references) | |
Sicilian | travagghiari (to work). (various references) | |
Sotho | sebetsa, mosebetsing (to work). (various references) | |
Spanish | trabajo (assignment, chore, craft, diploma, discourse, dissertation, elaboration, employ, enterprise, job, labor, labour, lieu, occupation, ploy, task, toil), trabajar (act, fetter, job, labor, labour, play, toil), obra (building lot, building site, danger, doing, effort, example, exemplar, handiwork, hearth, oeuvre, opus, piece, play, production, quick work, workmanship), funcionar (act, behave, flush, function, functionate, go, live, operate, perform, play, roll, run, start, tape). (various references) | |
Sranan | wroko (chore, job). (various references) | |
Swahili | kazi (chore, job). (various references) | |
Swazi | kú-sebénta (to work). (various references) | |
Swedish | verka (act, appear, look, seem, to appear), verk (chore, Government office, job, mill, office, opus, plant, set, trellis, writing), bearbeta (adapt, canvass, cultivate, machine, ply, prepare, process, tool, treat), arbete (chore, employment, job, jobbing, labor, labour, operation, undertaking, working, workmanship, writing), göromål (business, duty, occupation), arbeta (labor, labour, ship off, toil). (various references) | |
Tagalog | hánapbuhay (chore, job), gáwaín (chore, job). (various references) | |
Tahitian | 'ohipa. (various references) | |
Tswana | tirong. (various references) | |
Turkish | işleme (crop, cultivation, engraving, fancywork, handiwork, movement, perpetration, processing, service, travel, working), çalışma (action, exercise, gear, job of work, labor, labour, practice, praxis, priming, running, starting, study, training, working, workout), çalışmak (aim, aim at, behave, catch, endeavor, endeavour, fire, function, labor, labour, operate, practice, practise, serve, start, start up, struggle, study, try), çalíxmak, íx (achievement, act, action, affair, business, business deal, case, chore, job, matter), başarılı olmak (get ahead, make one's way, prosper, speed, succeed, win through), emek (exertion, labor, labour, pain, pains, toil), eser (achievement, baby, consequence, creation, effort, ghost, handiwork, piece, production, vestige), etkili olmak (be effective, have influence, influence, prevail, take), görev (appointment, assignment, billet, business, charge, commission, devoir, duty, employment, function, incumbency, job, mission, office, part, piece of work, position, service, situation, stint, task, workings), iş (activity, affair, appointment, assignment, ball game, billet, biz, business, calling, cause, commerce, concern, dealing, deed, doing, doings, employment, ergo-, function, gig, handiwork, job, metier, mission, occupation, occupational, operation, piece, piece of work, place, ploy, post, profession, pursuit, racket, regulation, shop, show, spindle, stint, task, things to do, trade, working, workings, works), çabalamak (endeavor, endeavour, exert oneself, go after, go for, hump oneself, scramble, strain, strain at, strive, struggle, study, tug), işe yaramak (answer the purpose, avail, be useful, come in handy, serve the purpose), yapıt (composition, handiwork, production), işlemek (brake, brand, commit, cultivate, discourse, engrave, farm, ferry, forge, function, go, grave, hammer, handle, indwell, instil, instill, operate, penetrate, perform, perpetrate, print, process, run, sink, sink into, stamp, strike, tame, till, travel, treat), işletmek (actuate, bamboozle, befool, cod, control, dupe, exploit, hoax, hornswoggle, keep, kid, manage, operate, ply, pull smb.'s leg, run, run the show, spoof), işyeri (business, shebang, shop, working place, workplace, workshop), koparmak (break, break off, cozen, cut off, deflorate, deflower, dissever, extort, pick, pick off, pluck, pry, pull off, rend, rip, rip off, Rive, rupture, snap, snap off, snatch, snatch away from, snatch from, sunder, take apart, tear, tear away, tear off, tear out, unstick, wring), mayalanmak (ferment), meşgul olmak (be at smth., be busy, be into, be occupied with doing, concern oneself, deal, engage in, handle, occupy oneself, take up, weigh in, work away), meşguliyet (busyness, occupation, pursuit), oynamak (act, budge, dance, enact, Frisk, hop, interpret, jig, juggle, mess smth. about, monkey, move, perform, place one's bet, play, play around, play at, play on, play upon, play with, playact, portray, represent, shake a leg, toy), oynatmak (budge, dance, dandle, dislocate, make play, move, run, screen, stir, wiggle, wriggle), sızdırmak (chisel, drag out, drip, effuse, exude, leak, leak out, ooze, percolate, suck, take in, transpire, wheedle smth. out of smb.), seğirmek (twitch), iş yapmak (deal, do business, job, trade, traffic, transact business). (various references) | |
Turkmen | iюlemek, iю (activity, affair, matter). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | продукція (output, out-turn, produce, product, production), діло (act, affair, cause, deed, employ, engagement), виманювати (cajole, chouse, coax), обробка (finishing, processing, working), обробляти (belabour, finish, process, work up), нещастя (adversity, affliction, bale, calamity, catastrophe, fatality, ill luck, infelicity, misadventure, misfortune, tribulation, unhappiness), вишивка (broidery, embroidery, needlework), заняття (affair, affairs, career, engagement, lesson, metier, occupation, profession, pursuit, school, trade, walk), виріб (fabric, manufacture, product, production, -ware), працювати (act, go, labor, labour, open, operate), праця (employment, job, labor, labour, occupation, proceedings, service), приводити в рух (actuate, gear, impel, operate), посада (appointment, assignment, berth, billet, capacity, incumbency, office, place, position, post, seat), діяти (act, affect, functionate, operate, proceed, run, tool), дія (act, action, deed, do, effect, operation, performance), займатися рукоділлям, трудитися (drudge, labor, labour), спричиняти (bring to pass, cause, entail, generate, induce, necessitate, occasion, promote), рухатися (bear, move oneself, run, set in, travel, wag, walk), рукоділля (handiwork, needlework), робота (action, business, job, labor, labour, occupation, operation, performance, proceedings, working), робити (do, make, proceed, put), використовувати (embrace, exploit), турбота (anxiety, bother, care, charge, concern, inconvenience, preoccupation, solicitude, suspense, trouble, worry), служити (answer, minister, serve, wait), труд, твір (composition, creation, publication), творіння (creation), творити (create), відробляти, вчинок (act, action, deed, gesture, proceeding), турбувати (afflict, ail, annoy, commove, concern, derange, disoblige, embarrass, faze, gnaw, harass, importune, incommode, inconvenience, perturb, put about, worry). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | việc (fact, job, thing), vật liệu kiểu trang trí, thử xem, sản phẩm tác phẩm công trình xây dựng, sự làm việc (working), nhà máy lao động, nghề nghiệp đồ làm ra, may (fluky, luckily), giết ai đi đến cùng dốc hết sức, dốc hết túi thử, công việc xây dựng dụng cụ, công việc (action, business, busyness, duty, job, occupation, thing), công tác việc làm, đan, đồ dùng (set-out, tackle, utensil). (various references) | |
Welsh | gweithio (ferment, purge), gwaith (job, time). (various references) | |
Wolof | ligéey. (various references) | |
Xhosa | ndiyemsebenzini (I'm going to work), emsebenzini (At work). (various references) | |
Yucatec | meyah (chore, job). (various references) | |
Zulu | umsebenzi (chore, job), -sebenza. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | 1. kin, du. (various references) |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | ergon. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | opus. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | shyaothananãm, varez-. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | gedeorf. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | uevre, oeuvre. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 15, Verse 19 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Odoi aergwn estrwmenai akanqaiV ai de twn andreiwn tetrimmenai |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Iter pigrorum quasi sepes spinarum via iustorum absque offendiculo |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | The weie of slowe men as heggis of thornes; the weie of riytwis men withoute thing of hurting. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | The way of the slothful man is as a hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Thorns are round the way of the hater of work; but the road of the hard worker becomes a highway. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 15, Verse 19 |
| Cebuano | ¶ Ang dalan sa tapulan maingon sa usa ka koral sa mga tunok; Apan ang dalan sa tawong matul-id gihimong usa ka halapad nga dalan |
| Croatian | Put je ljenivèev kao glogov trnjak, a utrta je staza pravednika. |
| Danish | Den lades Vej er spærret af Tjørn, de flittiges Sti er banet. |
| Dutch | De weg des luiaards is als een doornheg; maar het pad der oprechten is welgebaand. |
| Finnish | Laiskan tie on kuin orjantappurapehko, mutta oikeamielisten polku on raivattu. |
| French | Le chemin du paresseux est comme une haie d`épines, Mais le sentier des hommes droits est aplani. |
| German | Der Weg des Faulen ist dornig; aber der Weg des Frommen ist wohl gebahnt. |
| Haitian Creole | ¶ Lè ou parese, ou wè pwoblèm toupatou. Men, pou moun ki pa pè travay, pa gen pwoblèm ki pou rete l'. |
| Hungarian | A restnek útja olyan, mint a tövises sövény; az igazaknak pedig útja megegyengetett. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Orang malas akan selalu mengalami kesukaran; orang jujur tidak menemui kesulitan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Bahwa jalan orang pemalas itu seperti pagar duri, tetapi jalan orang benar itu rata adanya. |
| Italian | La via del pigro è come una siepe di spine, la strada degli uomini retti è una strada appianata. |
| Maori | ¶ Ko te ara o te tangata mangere, ano he taiepa tataramoa; he ara nui ia to te tangata tika. |
| Norwegian | Den lates vei er som en tornehekk, men de opriktiges vei er ryddet. |
| Portuguese | O caminho do preguiçoso é como a sebe de espinhos; porém a vereda dos justos é uma estrada real. |
| Rumanian | Drumul lenewului este ca un hqyiw de spini, dar cqrarea celor fqrq prihanq este netezitq. - |
| Russian | рХФШ МЕОЙЧПЗП--ЛБЛ ФЕТОПЧЩК РМЕФЕОШ, Б РХФШ РТБЧЕДОЩИ--ЗМБДЛЙК. |
| Spanish | El camino del perezoso es como cerco de espinas, pero la senda de los rectos es llana. |
| Swedish | Den lates stig är såsom spärrad av törne, men de redliga hava en banad stig. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "work": workabilities, workability, workable, workableness, workablenesses, workaday, workaholic, workaholics, workaholism, workaholisms, workaround, workarounds, workbag, workbags, workbasket, workbaskets, workbench, workbenches, workboat, workboats, workbook, workbooks, workbox, workboxes, workday, workdays, worked, worker, workers, workfare, workfares, workfolk, workfolks, workforce, workforces, workhorse, workhorses, workhouse, workhouses, working, workingman, workingmen, workings, workingwoman, workingwomen, workless, worklessness, worklessnesses, workload, workloads, workman. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "work": artwork, basketwork, beadwork, bodywork, breastwork, brickwork, bridgework, brightwork, brushwork, buhlwork, busywork, bywork, cabinetwork, capework, casework, clockwork, coachwork, crewelwork, cribwork, cutwork, daywork, donkeywork, drawnwork, ductwork, earthwork, falsework, fancywork, farmwork, fieldwork, firework, flatwork, footwork, formwork, framework, fretwork, frostwork, glasswork, grillwork, groundwork, guesswork, hackwork, hairwork, handiwork, handwork, headwork, homework, housework, interwork, ironwork, journeywork, lacework. (additional references) | |
Words containing "work": artworks, autoworker, autoworkers, basketworks, beadworks, bodyworks, breastworks, brickworks, bridgeworks, brightworks, brushworks, buhlworks, busyworks, byworks, cabinetworks, capeworks, caseworker, caseworkers, caseworks, clockworks, coachworks, coworker, coworkers, crewelworks, cribworks, cutworks, dayworks, dockworker, dockworkers, donkeyworks, drawnworks, ductworks, earthworks, falseworks, fancyworks, farmworker, farmworkers, farmworks, fieldworks, fireworks, flatworks, footworks, formworks, frameworks, fretworks, frostworks, gasworks, glassworker, glassworkers, glassworks, grillworks. (additional references) | |
| |
"Work" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aork, Awori, Eworp, gork, iork, kork, rork, Tworkov, weork, werc, werka, whork, wirk, woak, wock, woor, wor, wora, Worb, worc, worce, worch, worf, worg, worl, woro, worp, worq, Worrr, worx, wouk, wro, wroc, wur, wurc, wurk, wurz, Zork. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "work" (pronounced wer"k) |
| 3 | w er" k | overwork, quirk, rework. |
| 2 | -er" k | berserk, Birk, Burke, cirque, clerk, Dirk, irk, jerk, Kirk, lurk, Merk, murk, perk, shirk, smirk, turk. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "k-o-r-w" | |
-1 letter: kor, row, wok. | |
-2 letters: or, ow, wo. | |
| Words containing the letters "k-o-r-w" | |
+1 letter: works. | |
+2 letters: bywork, knower, rewoke, rework, worked, worker, workup. | |
+3 letters: artwork, byworks, cutwork, daywork, dorhawk, keyword, knowers, kotower, legwork, network, nonwork, outwork, pinwork, prework, reawoke, rewoken, reworks, rowlock, tinwork, topwork, warlock, warwork, waxwork, webwork, wonkier, workbag, workbox, workday, workers, working, workman, workmen, workout, workups. | |
+4 letters: artworks, beadwork, bodywork, bookworm, buhlwork, busywork, capework, casework, checkrow, cockcrow, cookware, corkwood, coworker, cribwork, cutworks, dayworks, dorhawks, ductwork, farmwork, firework, flatwork, footwork, foreknew, foreknow, formwork, fretwork, gasworks, hackwork, hairwork, handwork, headwork, homework, hookworm, ironwork, keywords, kotowers, kowtower, lacework, lathwork, leadwork, legworks, lifework, linkwork, markdown, meshwork, milkwort, millwork, muckworm, networks, openwork, outworks, overweak, overwork, pinworks, porkwood, rackwork, reawoken, reworked, roadwork, rockaway, rockweed, rockwork, ropewalk, rowlocks, saltwork, seatwork, silkworm, skywrote, slopwork, studwork, taskwork, teamwork, timework, tinworks, topworks, tryworks, tubework, unworked, walkover, warlocks, warworks, waxworks, webworks, wirework, woodlark, woodwork, woolwork, wordbook, workable, workaday, workbags, workboat, workbook, workdays, workfare, workfolk, workings, workless, workload, workmate, workouts, workroom, workshop, workweek, wormlike, yardwork. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Derived from 19. Names: Company Usage 20. Expressions | 21. Expressions: Internet 22. Translations: Modern 23. Translations: Ancient 24. Bible Trace | 25. Derivations 26. Rhymes 27. Anagrams 28. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
