Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Weed |
WeedNoun1. Any plant that crowds out cultivated plants. 2. A strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared. 3. A soft drug consisting of the dried leaves of the hemp plant; smoked or chewed for euphoric effect. Verb1. Clear of weeds; "weed the garden". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "weed" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Chemical Industry | The points, as shown in cross section, at which the bottom of the weld intersects the base material surfaces. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | A valueless, troublesome, or noxious plant growing wild, especially one that grows profusely or on cultivated ground to the exclusion or injury of the desired crop ; weeds collectively. Source: European Union. (references) |
Statistics | A measure of location which is one of the general class of combinatorial power mean. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cannabis Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Urticales Family: Cannabaceae Genus: Cannabis Species: sativa Binomial name Cannabis sativa Cannabis, the buds and leaves of which are also known as marijuana (archaic: marihuana; see street names below), is any of several different species of mildly hallucinogenic dioecious plants whose main active ingredient is Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. Cannabis is a member of the family Cannabaceae, in the order Urticales which includes figs and nettles. It grows in most climates. The tough fiber of the cannabis plant is known as hemp and has various uses, including the manufacture of cloth, rope, and paper.
THC Content
Although the main psychoactive substance in cannabis is Δ-9-THC, the plant contains about 60 cannabinoids in total. The complexity of this mixture has led to much speculation as to why the effects of the plant can differ from the synthetically manufactured dronabinol.Although potency of a given variety of cannabis is highly subjective outside the laboratory environment, "Normal" herbal cannabis usually contains between 0.5% to 7% THC, although selective breeding and cultivation techniques (such as hydroponics) have produced varieties which some theorize having up to 25% THC content. The THC content is also affected by the sex of the plant, with female plants generating more THC-laden resin than their male counterparts. Sinsemilla (from the Spanish for "without seed") is derived from unpollinated female plants and has an even higher THC content.
Effects
Cannabis is psychoactive, meaning it affects the mind and/or behavior. Acute effects of marijuana consumption vary by individual, but generally include a subset of the following: mild euphoria or enhanced feelings of general well-being, stronger awareness of surroundings, increased acuteness of the senses, increased appetite (called the munchies) and especially a craving for sugar, sleepiness, increased interest in music and art, relaxation. Also common is a tendency to find humor in many more situations and events than one normally would. Most users intially experience mild to severe paranoia and panic, although this becomes less present as the user becomes used to the drug, and can be completely gone in some users. Users who are typically lazy or are already sleepy will often become drowsy and lethargic when high. Other effects in some users may include impaired motor and cognitive functions, paranoia, and short-term memory loss.
Anti-drug publicity campaigns would lead a person to believe that most cannabis users (and other drug users) are either violent and vindictive folks, or that they are lazy people who contribute little to society as a whole. While there are definitely cannabis users who are overly violent or lethargic, many pro-cannabis advocates point out that there are users of alcohol and tobacco (legal drugs) who exhibit many of the same traits, and that the negative actions of a few should not be extrapolated to represent an entire subset of the population -- just as there are people who drink alcohol every day while leading productive fullfilling lives, there are persons who use cannabis (and other illicit drugs) every day without letting their habits interfere with their responsibilities.
No fatal overdose due to cannabis use has ever been recorded in two millennia of medical history. One study found an LD50 of pure Δ-9-THC in milligrams/kilogram for mice and rats respectively as 481.9/666 orally; 454.9/372.9 intraperitoneally; and 28.6/42.47 intravenously. Assuming 100% efficiency in extracting THC from marijuana (in reality, extraction efficiency is nowhere near 100%), and high grade marijuana that was 6% THC by weight, a 68 kg (150 lb.) human would have to rapidly ingest almost 20 pounds of marijuana to achieve this dose, in which case a person would experience respiratory failure due to smoke inhalation long before actually overdosing on THC.
Although a mild tolerance of the drug can be built up, it is generally understood not to be physically addictive, and such tolerances tend to vanish within as little as a few days of abstinance. As with any substance however, some can build up a psychological dependence. There is some evidence linking long-term use to depression as well as aggravation of pre-existing mental conditions, although the cause and effect relationship between depression and substance abuse is not fully understood, and there is a possibility that drug use could be a result of depression and not the root cause.
The long-term effects of cannabis still need more study. One of the most important and widely shared concerns regarding cannabis is that its high tar content (especially when it is combined with tobacco, as is common in Europe) could lead to an increased risk of lung cancer. Pipes using water filtration, called bongs, are often believed to reduce lung damage by filtering out a portion of the smoke's tar, and lowering the temperature of the smoke.A recent report [1] indicated that marijuana's effects on the lungs are at least as serious as those of tobacco; it may be noted that most marijuana users use far lesser quantities, and that it is not necessarily smoked.
Medical use
Cannabis is infequently prescribed by doctors due to its legal status in most nations, but is most often prescribed as an appetite stimulant and pain reliever for terminal illnesses including cancer and AIDS. The medical use of cannabis is highly controversial and is dealt with in its own article. See medical marijuana.
Recreational use
Cannabis comes in several forms.
It is most commonly smoked, usually in a "joint" or "spliff". Other names include jacob, blunt (cigar hollowed out and filled with marijuana to replace the tobacco), hooter, doobie, grifo, and binge: the dried buds or leaves (sometimes mixed with tobacco) are rolled in paper or cigar wrapping and smoked much like a cigarette.
- Leaves, dried. ("shake")
- Flowering tops (buds) of female plants, dried ("bud," "marijuana"). Buds are more potent than leaves.
- Hashish ("hash") which is the secretion of the plant, usually dried and processed into blocks. When pressed into long, thin rectangular pieces this is called "charas".
- Oil ("honey oil," "hash oil") which is a concentrate usually involving a solvent-based extraction.
Other methods include using pipes or "bongs" (water pipes) and buckets to smoke the cannabis whilst cooling the smoke down and, in the case of bongs, removing some of the unwanted impurities/tar. Smoke escapes through a hole called a "carb". In addition, a drink called bhang can be prepared. See also hashish and hashish oil.
Cannabis is also cooked to make things such as Alice B. Toklas brownies, "space cake", "pot pie," and "hash brownies". However, the effects of ingested cannabis usually do not take effect for over 30 minutes (many times much longer), making it harder for users to regulate their consumption.
The seeds of the hemp plant are also eaten and roasted, as well as being used to make hemp seed oil. A few restaurants that specialize in food with hemp seeds in it have opened, and appeal mostly to a countercultural clientele base. These places are legal, but is precisely because roasted hemp seeds contain too little THC to get the diner high that they are legal.
Another method of ingestion is vaporization. Vaporization allows the Cannabis resins (THC and other cannabinoids) to be extracted into a vapor by heating without actually burning the plant material. This is advantageous because most of the toxic chemicals found in cannabis and tobacco smoke are byproducts of the combustion process. By heating the cannabis to about 190°C, the Cannabis resins are released into a vapor but the plant material is not actually burned. This vapor can then be inhaled and the effects of the drug will be felt as quickly as if it were smoked. Vaporization is an option for people concerned about the dangers associated with smoking.
Cannabis can also be taken by dissolving it in milk, which is in turn added to preparations of flavoring herbs (such as cloves, cinnamon, etc. They vary by region). THC is not water-soluble, so the cannabis must be steeped in a fatty substance such as melted butter, oil, cream, or milk. Such a preparation is referred to as "bhang" and is a traditional method of consumption in India and related countries.
Street Names
General names
For Cannabis: pot, haschisch, nugget, chronic, dank, dope, weed, bud ('lil green buddies/little green friends), grass, herb, indo, kind, ganja (traditional in Rastafarian religion), the Good Herb, green, Mary Jane, KB (Kind bud, killer bud), skunk, smoke, sticky-icky-icky (a Snoop Doggy Dogg coinage), whacko-tobacco, shwag (low-quality marijuana), Ted Nugent, tea, tampiko, moss, buddha, bomb, dee, rope, instaga, dagga, and many other names. Definitions of all these terms vary by region, and may vary in meaning according to context.For getting high: stoned, toking (up), zonked, baked, tore-up, buzzed, ripped, smashed, lit-up, lifted, faded, (solid) gone, toasted, blazed, blasted, wasted, basted, gonzo, or simply fucked up
Reefer has most often been used to refer to a marijuana cigarette, but sometimes to the substance itself. "Reefer" was common in the early 20th century, but is now usually only used humorously, often in reference to the then-serious now-comical 1930s film Reefer Madness, extremely exaggerating marijuana's effects, depicting a scenario of evil gangsters attempting to corrupt the youth of a small town with the evil weed.
Early 20th century terms
Mez, Muggles, gage, viper jive.
Names for potent or otherwise good marijuana (or cannabis strains)
(Cross)breeds of plants White widow (light green-white in appearance), C99, AK-47 (Sativa/Indica cross), Bubblegum (very sticky), JuicyFruit, Orange Bud and Blueberry (product smells or tastes somewhat like its name); G-13 (developed at the University of Washington); Thunderfuck, Northern-lights (these two natives of Alaska), purple haze, kush, Thai or Thai stick (the legitimate product is indica from Thailand or US Grown of Thai seed, the buds being long and treelike in appearance, often with string wrapped in a spiral pattern for the purpose of holding the bud together). The term Thai stick is also used for imitation marijuana.It should be noted that (in part due to the illegal status of cannabis) many lies about origin and THC content are perpetuated by dishonest sellers to boost sales or justify high prices; for example common marijuana with buds appearing somewhat treelike will often be labeled "thai stick" by a dealer, at which point the price may increase from 50% to 200% or more.
History
The use of cannabis is thought to go back at least 5000 years. Neolithic archaeology grounds in China include cannabis seeds and plants. The first known mention of cannabis was in a Chinese medical text of 2737 BC. It was used as medicine throughout Asia and the Middle East to treat a variety of conditions. In India particularly, cannabis was associated with Shiva.
Cannabis was well known to the Scythians. Germans have grown hemp for its fibers--used to make nautical ropes and material for clothes--since ancient times. In the Elbing Prussian vocabulary from around 1350, hemp is recorded as knapis (derived from cannabis). Large fields of hemp along the banks of the Rhine are featured in 19th century copper etchings.
The hemp plant has to be soaked to harvest the fiber. This liquid was used as a drink. In today's Germany there are bars that serve hemp beer and hemp wine (edit: while this may be true those drinks will not contain any THC because as a drug cannabis is still outlawed in Germany and only so-called "industrial hemp" that doesn't contain any THC may be grown for production of fibers and said drinks).
Cannabis was used medicinally in the western world (usually as a tincture) around the middle of the 19th century. It was famously used to treat Queen Victoria's menstrual pains, and was available from shops in the US. By the end of the 19th century its medicinal use began to fall as other drugs such as aspirin took over.
Until 1937, consumption and sale of marijuana was legal in most American states. In some areas it could be openly purchased in bulk from grocers or in cigarette form at newstands, though more and more of them had begun to outlaw it. In that year Federal law made possession or transfer of marijuana illegal without the purchase of a by-then incriminating tax stamp throughout the United States (contrary to the advice of the American Medical Association at the time); legal opinions of time held that the federal government could not outlaw it entirely.
Congress' decision was based in part on testimony derived from articles in the newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst, who was heavily interested in DuPont Inc. Some analysts theorize DuPont wanted to boost declining post-war nylon sales, and wished to eliminate hemp fiber as competition. Many argue that this seems unlikely given DuPont's lack of concern with the legal status of cotton, wool, and linen; although it should be noted that hemp's textile potential had not yet been largely exploited, while textile factories already had made large investments in equipment to handle cotton, wool, and linen. Even more inflammatory and biased were the accusations by that period's US 'drug czar' Henry Anslinger. Anslinger felt that the drug provoked murderous rampages in previously-solid citizens, charges not borne out under closer scrutiny. Anslinger went on to say that "it makes darkies feel equal to white men," a plaint typical of much of the anti-drug rhetoric of the time, which for example emphasised opium's role in promoting Anglo-Chinese miscegenation. He told the married men in the audience: "Gentlemen, it will make your wives want to have sex with a Black man!" Anslinger also popularized the word marihuana for the plant, using a Mexican derived word (believed to be derived from a Brazilian Portuguese term for inebriation) in order to associate the plant with increasing numbers of Mexican immigrants, creating a negative stereotype which many Americans still believe to this day.
Cannabis has a prominent religious role in the Rastafarian religion.
Although it has probably been used as a recreational drug thoughout its history, it first came to prominence in the jazz scene during the late 1920s and 30s (Louis Armstrong being its most prominent [and life-long] devotee), its use taking off in the 1960s.
It is now the most widely used illicit drug in the world.
Death penalty for cannabis usage or trafficking
As of 2003, only a minority of countries still include the death penalty in their legal system. Several of those which still have the death penalty have either carried it out or legislated it for cannabis usage or trafficking.In Malaysia, Mustaffa Kamal Abdul Aziz, 38 yrs old, and Mohd Radi Abdul Majid, 53 yrs old, were executed at dawn on January 17, 1996, for the trafficking of 1.18 kilograms of cannabis. [1] Under Malaysia's anti-drug laws, the death penalty is mandatory for trafficking certain drugs. Anyone found in possession of at least 15 grams of heroin, 1,000 grams of opium or 200 grams of cannabis is presumed to be guilty (until proven innocent) of trafficking in the drug. This reverses the usual presumption of innocence of internationally recognised norms of law.
The Philippines introduced stronger anti-drug law (including the death penalty) in 2002 [1]
In 1996 in the USA, Newt Gingrich planned to introduce a mandatory death penalty for a second offense of smuggling 50 grams of marijuana into the USA, in the proposed law H.R. 4170. It seems that proposed law failed, so that, under the 1994 crime act, the threshold for sentencing a death penalty in relation to marijuana is the involvement with the cultivation or distribution of 60,000 marijuana plants (or seedlings) or 60,000 kilograms of marijuana.
Related articles
- Health issues related to use of cannabis
- Legal status of cannabis
- Drugs policy of the Netherlands
- Amsterdam
- Medical marijuana
- Marijuana Parties
- hemp
- Grow-op
External links
Drug Information
- UK National drugs helpline factsheet ( http://www.ndh.org.uk/facts_cannabis.html )
- American Council for Drug Education factsheet ( http://www.acde.org/common/Marijana.htm )
- UN Drug control and Prevention factsheet ( http://www.undcp.org/report_1998-10-01_1_page003.html )
- Good Drugs Guide
History
- The Emperor Wears No Clothes ( http://www.jackherer.com/chapters.html )
- Smokedot.org's take of the history of criminalisation ( http://smokedot.org/story/2001/7/2/35918/10894 )
Advocacy
- Pro-cannabis
- Jack Herer
- NORML ( http://www.norml.org )
- The Cannabis Information Network ( http://www.marijuana-hemp.com )
- Cannabis.com ( http://www.cannabis.com )
- Anti-cannabis
- The Anti-Drug ( http://theantidrug.com/drug_info/drugs_marijuana.html )
Misc
- Smoking device used for tasting Cannabis ( http://www.magicspherevalve.com )
- WHO report on Cannabis health effects ( http://hyperreal.info/~emes/WHO/ )
- UK Panoroma programme on medical trials ( http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/.../1625124.stm)
trade fair CannaTrade 2003, [1]
Federal Bureau of Narcotics poster used in the late 1930s and 1940s
For the 1990s rapper, see Canibus.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cannabis."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Weed is the generic word for a plant growing in a spot where it is not wanted. The most prominent use of the word is in connection with farming, where weeds may damage crops when growing in fields and poison domesticated animals when growing on pasture land. Many weeds are short-lived annual plants, that normally take advantage of temporarily bare soil to produce another generation of seeds before the soil is covered over again by slower growth; with the advent of agriculture, with extensive areas of ploughed soil exposed every year, the opportunities for such plants have been greatly expanded.
Other plants have become weeds by being transferred by human action to locations where they have no natural grazing predators; the classic case is the prickly pear (Opuntia stricta), which overran vast areas of Australia until a moth, Cactoblastis cactorum was introduced. This is frequently quoted as the classic example of successful biological pest control, eliminating >90% of the prickly pear infestation within 10 years.
In cases like the prickly pear in Australia, the weeds are termed invasive exotics (or exotic invasives). This term is applied when a plant is an introduced foreign plant that then invades and disturbs natural ecosytems, displacing species native to the target ecoregion.
In order to reduce weed growth many weed control strategies have been developed. The most basic is ploughing, which cuts the roots of annual weeds. In modern times, chemical weed killers have caused environmental damage, and efforts are being made to reduce the use of such substances (see for example genetic engineering, organic gardening).
Plants that are often considered weeds include:
See also: weedy species, weed control, herbicide, pesticide
- Dandelion
- Giant salvinia
- Goutweed
- Japanese knotweed
- Kudzu
- Water hyacinth
- and many more
Weed is also common slang for marijuana.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Weed."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Weed is a city located in Siskiyou County, California. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 2,978.Geography
Weed is located at 41°25'27" North, 122°23'4" West (41.424298, -122.384417)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.6 km² (4.8 mi²). 12.6 km² (4.8 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 2,978 people, 1,184 households, and 747 families residing in the city. The population density is 237.1/km² (613.4/mi²). There are 1,293 housing units at an average density of 102.9/km² (266.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 73.27% White, 9.27% African American, 1.95% Native American, 4.57% Asian, 0.47% Pacific Islander, 5.51% from other races, and 4.97% from two or more races. 12.76% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,184 households out of which 31.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% are married couples living together, 15.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% are non-families. 28.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.41 and the average family size is 2.98. In the city the population is spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 14.4% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.3 males. The median income for a household in the city is $23,333, and the median income for a family is $32,197. Males have a median income of $29,052 versus $21,894 for females. The per capita income for the city is $12,434. 23.9% of the population and 17.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 30.9% are under the age of 18 and 4.9% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Weed, California."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
WEED | English | Wharton Executive EDucation | Education |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: WeedSynonyms: cannabis (n), dope (n), gage (n), ganja (n), grass (n), marihuana (n), marijuana (n), pot (n), sens (n), sess (n), skunk (n), smoke (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: cultivated plant (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Agriculture | Verb: cultivate; till the soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut; manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe, plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset. |
Cleanness | Sift, winnow, pick, weed, comb, rake, brush, sweep. |
Ejection | Embowel, disbowel, disembowel; eviscerate, gut; unearth, root out, root up; averuncate; weed out, get out; eliminate, get rid of, do away with, shake off; exenterate. |
Exclusion | Pass over, omit; garble; eliminate, weed, winnow. |
Extraction | Verb: extract, draw; take out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out, pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root up, weed up, grub up, rake up, root out, weed out, grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the roots, pluck up by the roots; averruncate; unroot; uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge. |
Fewness | Render few; Adjective: reduce, diminish the number, weed, eliminate, cull, thin, decimate. |
Pungency | Nicotine, tobacco, snuff, quid, smoke; segar; cigar, cigarette; weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid, negro head, old soldier, rappee, stogy. |
Unimportance | Trumpery, trash, rubbish, stuff, fatras, frippery; " leather or prunello "; chaff, drug, froth bubble smoke, cobweb; weed; refuse; (inutility); scum; (dirt). |
Vegetable | Bush, jungle, prairie; heath, heather; fern, bracken; furze, gorse, whin; grass, turf; pasture, pasturage; turbary; sedge, rush, weed; fungus, mushroom, toadstool; lichen, moss, conferva, mold; growth; alfalfa, alfilaria, banyan; blow, blowth; floret, petiole; pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | There's no money, there's no weed. It's all been replaced by a pile of corpses (Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels; writing credit: Guy Ritchie) Vile weed! (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) It's magic weed. It's not mine (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) Walkin' around all the time with that weed hangin' out of your mouth (The Ernest Film Festival; writing credit: Georg Schiemann) No wonder Kurtz put a weed up Command's ass. The war was being run by a bunch of four star clowns who were gonna end up giving the whole circus away (Apocalypse Now; writing credit: John Milius ; Francis Ford Coppola) | |
Lyrics | Weed pumping as strong as me (That's What I'm Looking For; performing artist: Da Brat) The bomb weed stroll through in you hood (Forgot About Dre; performing artist: Dr. dre) Brought in weed, got rid of that dirt for them (Izzo (H.O.V.A.); performing artist: Jay-Z) A little inspiration and a bag of weed (Wasting Time; performing artist: Kid Rock) I gotta big weed stash, pocket full of cash (Saturday (Oooh! Oooh!); performing artist: Ludacris) | |
Clever | 1968: Killer weed. 1998: Weed killer. (references; author: unknown) A rose can say "I Love You"... Orchids can enthrall… But a weed bouquet in a chubby fist, OH MY that says it all! (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Weed (1972) Tumble Weed Greed (1969) The Wacky Weed (1946) Dance of the Weed (1941) | |
Song Titles | Wildwood Weed (performing artist: Jim Stafford) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Flowers of the pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata.). Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Pickerel weed (Pondeteria cordata) marsh in the Patuxent River. Found in freshwater tidal marshes, it is a source of food for deer. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Bulltongue and Alligator weed colonizing water areas surrounding the marsh creation sites. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Butterfly weed - Asclepias tuberosa as found on Washburn Island. This plant is poisonous if ingested in large quantities. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
 | J. Richard collecting floating sargassum weed. Plate VI, print 17. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | District Conservationist in Eastern New Mexico inspects tree planting. Ground was covered with plastic for weed control. Credit: Gary Kramer. |
 | Citrus grove of grapefruit showing cultivated rows for weed control. Yuma, Az. Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |  | Home owner Copi Perez, his daughter Ariana and wife Kim (background) weed a flower garden in front of their completed self help home in Placerville, CA. Credit: USDA. |
 | As part of the ridge-tillage system practiced at the John Van Meter farm, OSU assistant farm manager Wayne Lewis cultivates for weed control in soybeans. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Keith Weller.. |  | Rick Bennett examines roots of a leafy spurge from Russia for pathogens which could be used for biocontrol of this weed in the United States. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Keith Weller.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Patio Weed" by Dan Willis Commentary: "A weed on my patio - shadow from evening sun." | "Weed and cigarettes" by Krista Commentary: "An empty bag of weed and a cigarette butt on the ground. ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Weed wacker. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Edmund Burke | Slavery is a weed that grows on every soil. |
Francis Bacon | Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more a man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. |
Jean Jacques Rousseau | Plant and your spouse plants with you; weed and you weed alone. |
Oliver Goldsmith | Some faults are so closely allied to qualities that it is difficult to weed out the vice without eradicating the virtue. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Weed -- a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered. |
| A weed is a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | And the mice moved in and stored weed seeds in corners, in boxes, in the backs of drawers in the kitchens |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Terms from years ago, such as pot, herb, grass, weed, Mary Jane, and reefer, are still used. You might also hear the names Aunt Mary, skunk, boom, gangster, kif, or ganja. (references) | |
Economic History | Poland | U.S. suppliers are constrained by Polish restrictions on weed seeds in low-protein soybean meal. (references) |
Canada | Oilseeds account for only about 10-20 percent of total organic production due to weed and disease problems and a shortage of organic crushing facilities. (references) | |
Latvia | The first three months of employment can be considered probationary, and during this time employees may freely resign or be dismissed without notice (many foreign managers use this to weed out anyone who does not fit the job). (references) | |
Political Economy | POLAND | Phytosanitary standards on weed seeds have had a major adverse impact on the ability of U.S. farmers to export grains to Poland. (references) |
POLAND | Scientific evidence indicates that such weed seeds already exist in Poland and neighboring countries, yet Polish authorities have been unwilling to relax their zero tolerance policy. (references) | |
POLAND | Imports of U.S. grain and oilseed imports, which had amounted to some $100 million in 1997, are blocked by Poland's zero tolerance phytosanitary inspection policy for several common weed seeds. (references) | |
Trade | Poland | Several common weed seeds have quarantine status which hampers U.S. grain and oilseed exports to Poland. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | With the catastrophe in which the wars of the French Revolution terminated, and our own subsequent peace with Great Britain, this baneful weed of party strife was uprooted. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Now we must make the good programs more effective and improve or weed out those which are wasteful or unnecessary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Weed" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 81.05% of the time. "Weed" is used about 401 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 81.05% | 325 | 15,961 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 11.72% | 47 | 49,740 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 4.24% | 17 | 85,106 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.49% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 0.25% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 0.25% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 401 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "weed" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Weed | Last name | 3,000 | 3,908 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
1. Weed, CA (city, FIPS 83850) 2. Weed, NM |
Expressions using "weed": ague weed ♦ alligator weed ♦ bishop's weed ♦ blue weed ♦ brush and weed cutter ♦ butterfly weed ♦ cancer weed ♦ chemical weed control ♦ consumption weed ♦ crazy weed ♦ Dane's weed ♦ devil's weed ♦ dill weed ♦ Dutch weed ♦ Dyer's weed ♦ Farrow weed ♦ Flix weed ♦ french weed ♦ Fuller's thistle or weed ♦ Fuller's weed ♦ ghost weed ♦ Goat weed ♦ Gulf weed ♦ horsefly weed ♦ Jamestown weed ♦ jimson weed ♦ killer weed ♦ klammath weed ♦ Licorice weed ♦ loco weed ♦ Mermaid weed ♦ mock bishop's weed ♦ Orchilla weed ♦ parrot weed ♦ peace weed ♦ pestilence weed ♦ pickerel weed ♦ pineapple weed ♦ polecat weed ♦ Ramsted weed ♦ rattle weed ♦ rattlesnake weed ♦ rheumatism weed ♦ scorpion weed ♦ sea weed ♦ soap weed ♦ stemless golden weed ♦ stinking weed ♦ styptic weed ♦ the weed ♦ trumpet weed ♦ turpentine camphor weed ♦ turpentine weed ♦ viper's weed ♦ weed a field ♦ weed control ♦ weed eradication ♦ weed fish ♦ weed hook ♦ weed killer ♦ weed out ♦ weed to ♦ weed up ♦ yellow weed. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "weed": weed-choked, weed-covered, weed-eating, weed-excluding, weed-festooned, weed-filled, weed-free, weed-grown, weed-hook, weed-infested, weed-killer, weed-killers, weed-killing, weed-like, weed-ridden, weed-strewn. | |
Ending with "weed": splurge-weed. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
weed | 4,309 | weed trimmer | 96 |
weed eater | 1,005 | butterfly weed | 85 |
msn weed | 971 | messenger weed | 78 |
weed control | 475 | jimson weed | 74 |
horny goat weed | 459 | feed weed | 73 |
weed killer | 391 | type weed | 69 |
weed picture | 365 | weed eater echo | 67 |
weed pic | 353 | wallpaper weed | 67 |
growing weed | 295 | weed california | 67 |
messenger msn weed | 241 | icon weed | 65 |
weed thrasher | 183 | weed plant | 64 |
weed wacker | 182 | wackers weed | 63 |
weed identification | 169 | round up weed killer | 61 |
goat weed | 161 | horney goat weed | 60 |
weed eater part | 131 | legal weed | 59 |
weed seed | 128 | poulan weed eater | 59 |
weed trimmers | 121 | pot weed | 58 |
download msn weed | 117 | song weed | 56 |
weed game | 113 | leaf weed | 55 |
weed ca | 107 | natural weed killer | 54 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "weed"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | tëharr (clear from weeds, prune), shkul barërat e këqija, pastroj nga barërat, marihuanë (marijuana), gërdallë (horsy, jade, nag, scrag horse), farë e keqe, cigare (cigarette, fag, gasper, smoke), bar i keq. (various references) | |
Arabic | حيوان غير صالح للاستيلاد, غربل (garble, riddle, screen, screen out, sift, winnow), حرر من الأعشاب الضارة, تخلص من (clear off, disembarrass, disengage, disposal, dispose of, ditch, do dispose of, doff, drown, elimination, escape, exorcise, exorcize, free, get out of, get rid of, jettison, liquidate, mop up, outgrow, polish up, put off, rid, scrap, sell up, shake, shake off, slough, turn, turn off, weed out, work off), تبغ (smoking, tobacco), سيجارة (cigarette), عشبة ضارة, عشب (grass, herb, pasture), أزال العشب الضار, ثوب الحداد (mourning band), شخص نماء ضار. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | maká'pssáísski. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | чистя бурени, тютюн (tobacco), оплевявам, негодно за разплод животно, мършав човек (scrag), марихуана (boo, cannabis, grass, marihuana, marijuana, pot, tea), бурен (angry, blusterous, blustery, boiling, darnel, dirty, fierce, heavy, roaring, rogue, rough, rugged, stormy, tearaway, tempestuous, thunderous, turbulent, vehement, violent, wild), пура (cigar, smoke), плевя, плевел (cockle, darnel). (various references) | |
Chinese | 杂草 (weeds), 捭 (spread out, to open). (various references) | |
Czech | vyzáblina, vytrhávat plevel, tráva (grass), plevel (knapweed), plít (weed out), nedochùdèe, marjánka (grass), dříví (timber, wood). (various references) | |
Danish | ukrudt (weedage), pot (bash, boo 4)draw, cannabis, grass, hagga, hay, Indian hay, marihuana, marijuana, Mary Jane, pot, puff, root, smoke, snop, tea, viper's weed), græs (grass, herb). (various references) | |
Dutch | wieden (weed out), schoffelen (weed out). (various references) | |
Esperanto | sarki (weed out). (various references) | |
Faeroese | lúka (porthole, skylight, ticket-window, weed out, window). (various references) | |
Farsi | پوشاک (Clothing, Garment, Raiment, Wear), کندن علف هرزه , وجین کردن , علف هرزه (Brush), درازولاغر. (various references) | |
Finnish | rikkaruoho, rikkakasvit (weedage), rikkakasvi (weedage), puhdistaa rikkaruohoista, perata (clean, clear, gut, hoe, pick over, top and tail), kitkeä (pull up weeds, weed out). (various references) | |
French | sarcler (weed out), mauvaise herbe, herbe (viper's weed). (various references) | |
German | Unkraut (weeds), jäten (grub, weed out, weeding), Gras (grass, herb, herbage). (various references) | |
Greek | ζιζάνιο (darnel, jackanapes, tare). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לשרש (extirpate, uproot, weed out), לנכש, עשב שוטה, עשב (grass, herb), סיגריה (cigarette). (various references) | |
Hungarian | gyom, gaz (knavish, nefarious, rascally, roguish, scoundrelly, villainous), dudva. (various references) | |
Indonesian | rumput liar, bantun (extract). (various references) | |
Italian | erbaccia. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 雑草 , 雑草 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ざっそう. (various references) | |
Korean | 잡초 (weeds). (various references) | |
Manx | sarkyl, glenney (act of vindication, chip, clarification, clarification honey, clarify, clean, cleaner, clearance; glass, discharge, draw, draw as fowl, dust, expurgate, freshen, grub, pay off, purge, purification, purify, rid, satisfaction, scale, scavenge, settlement, sink, try out, try out as metal, wipe), gartlan, farchail. (various references) | |
Mohawk | kahontaksen. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eedway.(various references) | |
Portuguese | erva daninha (cockle). (various references) | |
Romanian | prãşi (hoe, spawn), plivi (hoe), om deşirat, mârţoagã (crock, hack, jade, nag, rip, runt), buruianã (good for nothing, Heath, Heather, herb, plant, rogue, vegetable), bãlãrie, ţigarã (cigarette, fag, smoke). (various references) | |
Romany | bòoryanoos. (various references) | |
Russian | удалять сорняк, сорняк, сорная трава, сигара (cigar, panatella, perfecto), гашиш (hasheesh, hashish, hemp, roach), выпалывать (weed out). (various references) | |
Scottish | lus (an herb, herb, plant, pnm. Luss). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pleviti, opleviti, marihuana (marihuana, marijuana, pot), korovski, korov (darnel, weeds), crnina (nigritude). (various references) | |
Shona | munzepete (tumble weed). (various references) | |
Spanish | mala hierba (weedage). (various references) | |
Swazi | lú-khula. (various references) | |
Swedish | ogräs (previous cropping, weedage), rensa (clean, cleanse, clear, draw, dress, eviscerate, gut, Hull, make clean, pick, pick over, purge, sanitize, scour, shell). (various references) | |
Turkish | yabani otları temizlemek, yabani ot, tütün (baccy, pigtail, snout, tobacco), puro (cigar, cuban, cuban cigar), otları temizlemek, ot (grass, greenstuff, hashish, hay, herb, herbaceous, herbage, herbal, herby, joint, pasturage, pasture, vegetable), esrar (cabala, cabbala, dope, enigma, grass, hash, hasheesh, hashish, hay, hemp, joint, junk, marihuana, marijuana, mary jane, maryjane, mystery, pot, secrets, tea), cılız kimse, başından defetmek. (various references) | |
Turkmen | haюal. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | сигара (cigar, pipe), тютюн (tobacco), траурна пов'язка (crepe, scarf, weeper), шкапа (jade, nag, rip, shack), водорість (hydrophyte, water plant), витягти гроши, вибраковувати, очищати (alcoholize, chasten, clarify, clean, cleanse, clear, defecate, depurate, deterge, fine, outwash, purge, purify, rarefy, rectify, refine, scale), марихуана (pot), бур'ян (beat, couch grass, tare), полоти (pull), дикоросла рослина. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | người gầy yếu mnh khnh. (various references) | |
Welsh | chwynnu, chwen. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | runco, sarar, sargon, saria, sarientur, sariet. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "weed": weeded, weeder, weeders, weedier, weediest, weedily, weediness, weedinesses, weeding, weedless, weedlike, weeds, weedy. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "weed": agueweed, antiweed, beggarweed, bindweed, bitterweed, blueweed, bugleweed, bullweed, burweed, butterweed, carpetweed, chickweed, cottonweed, crazyweed, cudweed, daneweed, deerweed, duckweed, dyeweed, fireweed, gulfweed, gumweed, hawkweed, hempweed, hogweed, horseweed, ironweed, jewelweed, jimsonweed, knapweed, knotweed, locoweed, mayweed, milkweed, pickerelweed, pigweed, pinweed, pokeweed, pondweed, ragweed, richweed, rockweed, rosinweed, seaweed, silkweed, silverweed, smartweed, snakeweed, snapweed, sneezeweed, stickweed. (additional references) | |
Words containing "weed": agueweeds, beggarweeds, bindweeds, bitterweeds, blueweeds, bugleweeds, bullweeds, burweeds, butterweeds, carpetweeds, chickweeds, cottonweeds, crazyweeds, cudweeds, daneweeds, deerweeds, duckweeds, dyeweeds, fireweeds, gulfweeds, gumweeds, hawkweeds, hempweeds, hogweeds, horseweeds, ironweeds, jewelweeds, jimsonweeds, knapweeds, knotweeds, locoweeds, mayweeds, milkweeds, pickerelweeds, pigweeds, pinweeds, pokeweeds, pondweeds, ragweeds, richweeds, rockweeds, rosinweeds, seaweeds, silkweeds, silverweeds, smartweeds, snakeweeds, snapweeds, sneezeweeds, stickweeds, stinkweeds. (additional references) | |
| |
"Weed" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: ewed, ewet, ewev, ewsd, Lwyd, waed, wead, wece, wedd, wede, weded, weeb, weec, Weede, weedn, Weedol, weedt, weeed, weef, weeg, weeh, weem, weeq, weer, weerd, weew, weey, weez, weic, weide, weidl, weido, weme, weqe, werd, wered, weted, weved, wewe, wexe, wexed, weye, weze, whead, whed, wheed, wied, wieked, woed, wude, wuev, wy, Wyddfa, wyf. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "weed" (pronounced wē"d) |
| 3 | w ē" d | swede, Tweed. |
| 2 | -ē" d | accede, agreed, bead, bleed, Brede, breed, cede, concede, creed, decreed, deed, degreed, disagreed, keyed, knead, kneed, lipide, exceed, feed, freed, greed, guaranteed, heed, impede, indeed, intercede, mead, misdeed, mislead, misread, need, overfeed, peed, plead, precede, proceed, recede, Reed, reread, reseed, screed, secede, seed, skied, speed, stampede, Steed, succeed, supersede, teed. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-e-w" | |
-1 letter: dee, dew, ewe, wed, wee. | |
-2 letters: de, ed, we. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-e-w" | |
+1 letter: bedew, dewed, dweeb, hewed, jewed, mewed, rewed, sewed, swede, tewed, tweed, wedel, wedge, weeds, weedy. | |
+2 letters: bedews, brewed, chewed, clewed, crewed, deewan, dewier, drawee, dweebs, lewder, meowed, mewled, redrew, reweds, reweld, shewed, skewed, slewed, spewed, stewed, swedes, tweeds, tweedy, viewed, weaned, weaved, webbed, webfed, wedded, wedder, wedeln, wedels, wedged, wedges, wedgie, weeded, weeder, weened, weeted, welded, welder, welled, welted, wended, wetted. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Names: Frequency 16. Cities | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Abbreviations 22. Acronyms 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
