Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Warmth |
WarmthNoun1. The sensation caused by heat energy. 2. A warmhearted feeling. 3. The quality of having a moderate degree of heat: "an agreeable warmth in the house". 4. Intense passion or emotion. 5. A quality proceeding from feelings of affection or love. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "warmth" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In physics, the relationship between heat and energy is similar to that between work and energy. Heat is said to flow from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature. All objects have a certain amount of energy within them that is related to the random motion of their atoms. This internal energy is directly proportional to the temperature of the object. When two bodies of different temperature come in to thermal contact, they will exchange internal energy until the temperature is equalized. The amount of energy transferred is the amount of heat exchanged. It is a common misconception to confuse heat with internal energy, but there is a difference, and understanding the difference is a necessary part of understanding the first law of thermodynamics.
Changes of Temperature
The amount of heat energy, , required to change the temperature of a material from an initial temperature, T0, to a final temperature, Tf depends on the heat capacity of that material according to the relationship:
The heat capacity is dependent on both the amount of material that is exchanging heat and its properties. The heat capacity can be broken up in several different ways. First of all, it can be represented as a product of mass and specific heat capacity (more commonly called specific heat):
or the number of moless and the molar heat capacity:
- Cp = m cs
Both the molar and specific heat capacities only depend upon the physical properties of the substance being heated, not on any specific properties of the sample. The above definitions of heat capacity only work approximately for solids and liquids, but for gases they don't work at all most of the time. The molar heat capacity can be "patched up" if the changes of temperature occur at either a constant volume or constant pressure. Otherwise, it's generally easiest to use the first law of thermodynamics in combination with an equation relating the internal energy of the gas to its temperature.
- Cp = n cmolar
Changes of State
A boiling pot of water, at sea level and normal atmospheric pressure, will always be at 100oC no matter how much heat is added. The extra heat changes the state of the water from liquid into water vapor. The heat added to change the state of a substance in this way is said to be "hidden," and thus it is called latent heat (from a Latin word for hidden). Latent heat is the rate of heat per unit mass necessary to change the state of a given substance. Thus:
and:
- dQ/dm = L (should this be a partial derivative or a full one?)
where Mo is the amount of mass initially in the new phase, and M is the amount of mass that ends up in the new phase.
L generally doesn't depend on the amount of mass that changes phase, so the equation can normally be written:
Sometimes L can be time-dependent if pressure and volume are time-varying, so that the integral can be handled:
- Q = L Δm
someone check the above, please, to see if the latent heat really depends on where on the (P, V, T) curve the transition is taking place.
- Q = ∫L (dm/dt) dt
How Heat Moves
As mentioned previously, heat tends to move from a high temperature region to a low temperature region. This heat transfer may occur by any of three mechanisms, conduction, convection, and radiation.
Conduction is the most common means of heat transfer in a solid. On a microscopic scale, conduction occurs as hot, rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and molecules interact with neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring some of their energy (heat) to these neighboring atoms.
Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases. In convection, heat transfer occurs by the movement of hot or cold portions of the fluid. For example, when water is heated on a stove, hot water from the bottom of the pan rises, heating the water at the top of the pan. Two types of convection are commonly distinguished, free convection, in which gravity and buoyancy forces drive the fluid movement, and forced convection, where a fan, stirrer, or other means is used to move the fluid.
Radiation is the final means of heat transfer. Radiative heat transfer is the only form of heat transfer that can occur in the absence of any form of medium and as such is the only means of heat transfer through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is a direct result of the movements of atoms and molecules in a material. Since these atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles (protons and electrons), their movements result in the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which carries energy away from the surface. At the same time, the surface is constantly bombarded by radiation from the surroundings, resulting in the transfer of energy to the surface. Since the amount of emitted radiation increases with increasing temperature, a net transfer of energy from higher temperatures to lower temperatures results.
Other Important Heat Transfer Mechanisms
Latent Heat
Transfer of heat through a physical change in the medium such as water/ice or water/steam involves significant energy and is exploited in many ways steam engine, refrigerator etc.
Heat Pipe
A heat transfer mechanism using latent heat and capilliary action to move heat. A heat pipe can carry many times as much heat as a similar sized copper rod and is starting to have applications in laptop personal computers.
See also
- Heat pump
- Shock heating
- Heat death of the Universe
- Heat, the movie
Heat is a popular term for estrus, a period of increased sexual drive in female mammals.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Heat."
Synonyms: WarmthSynonyms: affectionateness (n), fondness (n), heat (n), lovingness (n), passion (n), warmheartedness (n), warmness (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Benevolence | Good nature, good feeling, good wishes; kindness, kindliness; Adjective: loving-kindness, benignity, brotherly love, charity, humanity, fellow-feeling, sympathy: goodness of heart, warmth of heart; bonhomie; kind-heartedness; amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love; friendship. |
Feeling | Warmth, glow, unction, gusto, vehemence; fervor, fervency; heartiness, cordiality; earnestness, eagerness; empressement, gush, ardor, zeal, passion, enthusiasm, verve, furore, fanaticism; excitation of feeling; fullness of the heart; (disposition); passion; (state of excitability); ecstasy; (pleasure). |
Heat | Noun: heat, caloric; temperature, warmth, fervor, calidity; incalescence, incandescence; glow, flush; fever, hectic. |
Resentment | Excitement, irritation; warmth, bile, choler, ire, fume, pucker, dander, ferment, ebullition; towering passion, acharnement, angry mood, taking, pet, tiff, passion, fit, tantrums. |
Vigor | Noun: vigor, power, force; boldness, raciness; Adjective: intellectual, force; spirit, point, piquance, piquancy; verve, glow, fire, warmth; strong language; gravity, sententiousness; elevation, loftiness, sublimity. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | But standing here among the people of Punxsutawney and basking in the warmth of their hearths and hearts, I couldn't imagine a better fate than a long and lustrous winter (Groundhog Day; writing credit: Guy Ritchie) Well, there is the one thing that brings warmth to my heart and that is Duckbilled Platypus (Runaway Bride; writing credit: Josann McGibbon; Sara Parriott) I'm feeling the chill of middle age. I need the warmth of a good woman (Oliver's Travels; writing credit: Alan Plater) Every night I watch the sunset and soak up every last ray of its warmth, and send it from my heart to yours (Pearl Harbor; writing credit: Randall Wallace) | |
Lyrics | Holding you is a warmth (Isn't It Time; performing artist: Babys) The warmth of your smile ((God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You; performing artist: 'N Sync) I want to feel your warmth upon me, I want to be the one (I Will Remember You; performing artist: Sarah McLachlan) Feel the warmth that's just begun (For My Lady; performing artist: The Moody Blues) Missing a degree of warmth (Don'T Look Too Far; performing artist: Them) | |
Movie/TV Titles | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Manure and straw placed around foundation of house for warmth. Jefferson County, New York. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Detail of construction of a log cabin near Nelma, Wisconsin. Note the earth fill around base to keep in warmth in the winter. The space between the logs is usually filled with cement or mud. The windows are removed when a house is abandoned; people cannot. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Feel the warmth" by C.H. So Commentary: "The summer is finally here!!!." | "Fire" by Bernie Zajac Commentary: "Capturing some of the warmth of a camp fire on one of our camping trips." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Crackle; flame; warmth; fire pit; fireplace. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Arthur Schopenhauer | Politeness is to human nature what warmth is to wax. |
Channing | Our affections are our life. We live by them; they supply our warmth. |
Gaius Valerius Catullus | Now spring brings back balmy warmth. |
Henry Fielding | Dancing begets warmth, which is the parent of wantonness. It is, Sir, the great grandfather of cuckoldom. |
Jean Racine | It's no longer a warmth hidden in my veins: it's Venus entire and whole fastening on her prey. |
Rochefoucauld | Youth changes its tastes by the warmth of its blood; age retains its tastes by habit. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Tangled Tale | Carroll, Lewis | You will take account of the rate of work, the lightness of the scarves, and their warmth. |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | He was obliged to sit close to it, and brood over it, before he could extract the least sensation of warmth from such a handful of fuel |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Give them light, that they may give you warmth. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | A gradual warmth, a languorous weariness passed over him, descending along his spine from his closely cowled head |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | And in the growing year the warmth grows and the leaves turn dark green |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Man wanted a home, a place of warmth, or comfort, first of warmth, then the warmth of the affections |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Some hot flashes may cause only a slight feeling of warmth or a light blush. (references) | |
These may include hot flashes (a sudden flush or warmth, often followed by sweating), sleep problems, or vaginal dryness. (references) | ||
The toxic molecules contribute to inflammation, which is observed as warmth and swelling, and participate in damage to the joint. (references) | ||
Economic History | India | The growing friendship and increased government-to-government co-ordination and warmth between India and the U.S is expected to strengthen. (references) |
Travel | Ukraine | In the cooler months, dressing for warmth dictates, especially in regions of Ukraine prone to heating shortages. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | Partly because of the breadth of the relationship Chirac and Hussein had created in a relatively short period of time and the obvious warmth of their personal ties, there was intense speculation about the less visible aspects of the relationship. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | In August last he arrived at New York, where he was received with the warmth of affection and gratitude to which his very important and disinterested services and sacrifices in our Revolutionary struggle so eminently entitled him. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | We will carry on the tradition of a good and worthy people who have brought light where there was darkness, warmth where there was cold, medicine where there was disease, food where there was hunger, and peace where there was only bloodshed. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Warmth" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Warmth" is used about 2,010 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 2,010 | 4,290 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "warmth": provide warmth. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "warmth": warmth-coldness, warmth-demanding, warmth-loving, warmth-thickness. | |
Ending with "warmth": home-warmth, night-warmth, S-warmth. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
warmth | 23 |
incubus lyrics warmth | 13 |
lyrics warmth | 7 |
share warmth | 6 |
incubus warmth | 4 |
16bit 32bit audio free loudness mastering online punch service trial warmth | 3 |
sun warmth | 3 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "warmth"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | përzemërsi (cordiality, geniality, heartiness, pleasantness), ngrohtësi (Ardor, ardour, cordiality, fervor, fervour, geniality, glow, heat, thaw), mirësi (benefaction, boon, gentleness, goodness, grace, graces, kindness, virtue, well doing). (various references) | |
Arabic | حماسة (abandonment, ardor, ardour, eagerness, ebullience, elan, enthusiasm, fervency, fervor, fervour, fire, glow, heartiness, impetus, intense interest, keenness, mettle, rage, responsiveness, zeal), حرارة (cordiality, fever, geniality, glow, heat, temperature), شدة (adversity, exaltation, ferocity, harshness, hindrance, intensity, misery, need, rigor, solidity, strength, temperature, vehemence, violence), دفء. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сърдечност (bonhomie, cordiality, geniality, heartiness), разпаленост (fervor, fervour), раздразнение (aggravation, annoyance, chagrin, exasperation, fret, gall, heat, irritation, peeve, rasp, snit, soreness, vexation), топлота (tenderness), топлина (caloric, glow, heat, sunshine, warm), топли багри, жар (ardour, embers, fervency, fervor, fervour, fire, flame, ginger, glow, gusto, heat, incandescence, mustard, vehemence, violence, zest), ентусиазъм (enthusiasm, verve). (various references) | |
Chinese | 温暖 (Warm, Warmed, Warming). (various references) | |
Czech | vřelost, teplo (heat, warmness), srdeènost (cordiality, geniality, heartiness, warmheartedness). (various references) | |
Danish | varme (calor, heat, melting charge). (various references) | |
Dutch | warmte (fever, heat). (various references) | |
Esperanto | varmo. (various references) | |
Faeroese | varmi, hiti (ague, fever). (various references) | |
Farsi | ملایمت (Amenity, Calmness, Equanimity, Leniency, Suavity), گرمی (Ardor, Glow, Heat, Mettle, Rut, Stew, Zeal, Zing), حرارت (Ardor, Fire, Ginger, Heat, Impetuosity, Vehemence, Verve, Zeal), تعادل گرما. (various references) | |
Finnish | lämpimyys, lämpö (heat, temperature), lämmin (hot, warm), hartaus (devotion, earnestness, fervour). (various references) | |
French | vivacité, enthousiasme, cordialité, chaleur. (various references) | |
Frisian | waarmte. (various references) | |
German | Wärme (caloric, conduction, heat, mellowness, thermally, warm weather). (various references) | |
Greek | ζεστασιά. (various references) | |
Hebrew | חמימות (cosiness), חמה (fever, heat, summer, sun), חום (dark, fever, heat, temperature). (various references) | |
Hungarian | melegség (cosiness, coziness, heartiness, silkiness). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kehangatan, kegayengan (cordiality), kalor (calor, heat). (various references) | |
Italian | calore (animation, ardour, fervency, glow, heat, hotness, thermally). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 煖気 (warm weather), 暖気 (carefree, easy, easygoing, happy-go-lucky, warm weather), 暖かさ , 暖かみ , 温暖 , 温もり , 温み . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | おんだん, ぬくもり, ぬくみ, あたたかさ, あたたかみ, だんき (spring, warm weather). (various references) | |
Korean | 온정. (various references) | |
Manx | chiass (fieriness, heat), blahys, blah hiass (lukewarmth). (various references) | |
Papiamen | kayente (heat, hot, warm). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | armthway.(various references) | |
Portuguese | zelo (assiduity, care, fervor, fervour, forwardness, zeal), vivacidade (animation, bounce, brightness, color, colour, fervency, flotage, ginger, hastiness, life, liveliness, mettle, nimbleness, quickness, quicksilver, raciness, readiness, snap, verve, vivacity), fervor (ardor, ardour, fervency, fervor, fervour, mettle, mettlesomeness, unction, vehemence, zeal), excitação (commotion, excitation, excitement, fidget, fire, flurry, flush, fluster, flutter, freak-out, fuss, gale, passion, rampage, rave, raving, state, stew, stimulus, thrill, transport, uproar), entusiasmo (alacrity, ebullience, ebulliency, enthusiasm, excitement, flare-up, glow, intoxication, verve, zeal, zealotry, zest), cordialidade (amicability, bonhomie, cordiality, heartiness), calor (animation, caloric, chafe, glow, heat), cálidez, ardor (ardor, ardour, caloric, fervency, fervor, fervour, fire, flame, glow, heat, lust, mettle, mettlesomeness, passion, tingle, vehemence, zeal), animação (animation, buoyancy, flush, freshener, frolic, ginger, life, liveliness, vitality, vivacity, zest). (various references) | |
Romanian | zel (Ardor, ardour, devoutness, eagerness, earnestness, fervour, forwardness, gumption, metal, mettle, readiness, solicitude, vim, zeal), râvnã (application, Ardor, ardour, diligence, eagerness, fervour, metal, mettle, zeal), fierbinţealã (Ardor, ardour, excitement, fervour, fever, fire, fluster, heat, hot-bloodedness), cordialitate (cordiality, heartiness), cald (affectionate, heat, hot, recent, tepid, warm, warmly), cãldurã (Ardor, ardour, caloric, fervidness, fervour, fever, fire, fondness, heat, richness, temperature, zeal), ardoare (Ardor, ardour, earnestness, fervour, fierceness, fire, heat, intensity, zeal, zest), înfocare (ardour, enthusiasm, fire). (various references) | |
Russian | тепло (heat, kindly, warmly). (various references) | |
Scottish | blàths. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | toplota (heat), toplina (cosiness). (various references) | |
Spanish | lo caluroso, lo cálido, entusiasmo (Ardor, ardour, ebullience, ebulliency, enthusiasm, gusto, light, liveliness, relish, zeal, zest), efusión (effusion, outflow, outpouring, unction), calor moderado, calor (flush, heat, warm), afecto (affection, attached to, dearness, devoted to). (various references) | |
Swedish | värme (fervency, fervor, fervour, heat, warm). (various references) | |
Turkish | samimiyet (bona fides, camaraderie, candor, candour, cordiality, earnestness, familiarity, frankness, friendliness, heartiness, intimacy, outspokennes, sincereness, sincerity, terms, unaffectedness), sıcaklık (fervor, fervour, heat, pyro-, temperature), içtenlik (cordiality, fairness, faithfulness, heartiness, ingenuousness, sincereness, sincerity, singleness, trueness, unaffectedness), heyecan (affect, agitation, animation, Ardor, ardour, bang, commotion, dither, drama, emotion, enthusiasm, exaltation, excitement, ferment, fermentation, fever, fire, flap, flurry, flush, flutter, furor, furore, glow, kick, pucker, razzle-dazzle, rhapsody, ruffle, sensation, shiver, spice, spring tide, stir, taking, tension, the shivers, thrill, tingle, twitter, vibes, vibration, wallop, yeast), hararet (caloric, fervor, fervour, fever, feverishness, flush, heat, intenseness, swelter, temperature, thirst), ısı (caloric, heat, pyro-, thermo-). (various references) | |
Turkmen | яylylyk (temperature). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | сердечність (cordiality, heartiness, kindness), теплота (caloric), тепло (warmly), запальність (hastiness, pepper, spirit, spunk, storminess), ентузіазм (ardency, ardour, ebullience, ebulliency, enthusiasm, zeal). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tính sôi nổi sự niềm nở, sự nồng hậu tính nóng nảy, sự ấm áp nhiệt tình, nhiệt (thermal, thermic). (various references) | |
Welsh | twymdra (warmness), tes (haze, heat, sunshine), gwres (heat), cynhesrwydd, clydwch (shelter). (various references) | |
Yucatec | chokwil. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | calore, calorem. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "warmth": warmths. (additional references) | |
| |
"Warmth" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Warmoth, Wasmuth, werth, wirth. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-h-m-r-t-w" | |
-1 letter: tharm, thraw, wrath. | |
-2 letters: harm, hart, mart, math, rath, tahr, thaw, tram, warm, wart, wham, what. | |
-3 letters: arm, art, ham, hat, haw, mar, mat, maw, rah, ram, rat, raw, tam, tar, taw, twa, war, wat, wha. | |
-4 letters: ah, am, ar, at, aw, ha, hm, ma, ta. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-h-m-r-t-w" | |
+1 letter: warmths. | |
+2 letters: warmouth. | |
+3 letters: earthworm, heartworm, warmouths. | |
+4 letters: earthworms, heartworms, threadworm, watchmaker, weatherman, weathermen. | |
+5 letters: blameworthy, threadworms, warmhearted, watchmakers, wharfmaster, whoremaster. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Expressions | 17. Expressions: Internet 18. Translations: Modern 19. Translations: Ancient 20. Derivations | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
