Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Vocational |
VocationalAdjective1. Of or relation to a vocation or occupation; especially providing or undergoing training in special skills; "vocational school"; "vocational students learning to repair a motor". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| VOTE | English | Society for the Promotion of Vocational Training and Education | Education |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Domain | Usage | |
Lyrics | Vocational noise puts myself to the test (Flipper Twist; performing artist: Flipper) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books | |
Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | U.S. Army General Hospital No. 36, Detroit, Michigan. : Patient learning vocational training work while in bed.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | [People with their products from vocational training].Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Young men working on telephone poles in Maine as vocational training under the National Youth Administration program.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Men working on automobiles in vocational training station, Perryville, Md.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Industrial school for boys (Michigan Vocational School for Boys), Lansing, Mich.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | White Plains, Greene County, Georgia. The vocational school.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | In the woodwork vocational training class, at the FSA (Farm Security Administration) farmworkers community, Eleven Mile Corner, Arizona.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Jeffersontown, Kentucky. The Jefferson County community cannery, started by the WPA (Work Projects Administration), now conducted by the state(?) vocational education department. Women pay three cents each for cans and two cents per can for use of the pre.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Knoxville, Tennessee (Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)). Training for war work at Stair Vocational High School.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Middlesex County Girls Vocational School, Woodbridge, New Jersey. Auditorium.Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Edward Blishen | Education is not a discipline at all. Half vocational, half an emptiness dressed up in garments borrowed from philosophy, psychology, literature. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Whereas the League of Nations has for its object the establishment of universal peace, and such a peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice; And whereas conditions of labour exist involving such injustice, hardship, and privation to large numbers of people as to produce unrest so great that the peace and harmony of the world are imperilled; and an improvement of those conditions is urgently required: as, for example, by the regulation of the hours of work, including the establishment of a maximum working day and week, the regulation of the labour supply, the prevention of unemployment, the provision of an adequate living wage, the protection of the worker against sickness, disease and injury arising out of his employment, the protection of children, young persons and women, provision for old age and injury, protection of the interests of workers when employed in countries other than their own recognition of the principle of freedom of association, the organisation of vocational and technical education and other measures; Whereas also the failure of any nation to adopt humane conditions of labour is an obstacle in the way of other nations which desire to improve the conditions in their own countries; The HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, moved by sentiments of justice and humanity as well as by the desire to secure the permanent peace of the world, agree to the following: CHAPTER l. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Provides a comprehensive vocational rehabilitation training program. (references) | |
Special academic, social, vocational, and support services may also be required in some cases. (references) | ||
Teenagers acquire skills in communicating their thoughts and feelings to deal better with life stressors, and vocational skills. (references) | ||
Business | One particularly challenging area is vocational and technical training. (references) | |
The portion of the State budget earmarked for technical and vocational training is inadequate. (references) | ||
Singapore, Thailand and Japan are also very active, especially in the field of vocational training. (references) | ||
Children | Ukraine | There were only five special vocational schools for persons with disabilities. (references) |
East Timor | Training and vocational initiatives do not give attention to the needs of persons with disabilities. (references) | |
Sierra Leone | Such programs involve reconstructive surgery, prostheses, and vocational training to help them acquire new work skills. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Uganda | In May 2000, the Bushenyi RDC ordered the closure of the Church of the Servants of the Eucharistic Hearts of Jesus and Mary, which allegedly was operating in the guise of a vocational school. (references) |
Oman | The law states that the Ministry of Social Affairs, Labor, and Vocational Training must approve the establishment of all organizations and their by-laws; however, some groups are allowed to function without formal registration. (references) | |
Economic History | Latvia | A high percentage of the workforce has completed at least secondary or vocational education. (references) |
Human Rights | Belize | The facility is clean, and inmates have access to limited educational classes and vocational classes in cosmetology. (references) |
Russia | The PCPR reports that such facilities have a poor psychological atmosphere and lack educational and vocational training opportunities. (references) | |
Lebanon | Inmates at Roumieh prison participated in vocational activities, such as computer training courses, to provide them with skills upon release. (references) | |
Minorities | Romania | Three textbooks on sects and ecumenism, authored by an Orthodox deacon for use in state-funded theological institutions, art high schools, teacher, and vocational schools, contained anti-Semitic, pro-Fascist, and antiecumenical ideas. (references) |
Political Economy | GERMANY | Employers are required to contribute to the various mandatory social insurance programs and belong to and support chambers of industry and commerce which organize the dual (school/work) system of vocational education. (references) |
PAKISTAN | In the social sector, including education, technical and vocational training, human resource development and medical and diagnostic services, foreign investment with 100 percent ownership of equity is permitted, provided a minimum-equity requirement of $0.3 million is met. (references) | |
Trade | Tunisia | THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK (EIB) AND THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FUND ARE BOTH INVOLVED IN FINANCING A VARIETY OF MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING. (references) |
Yemen | While a good portion of this amount will be balance of payments support, the majority of these funds will go to water and sewage projects, airport rehabilitation, road construction, agriculture, social welfare, and vocational training. (references) | |
Travel | Finland | After completing comprehensive school, students may attend high schools for three years or receive vocational education. (references) |
Women | Oman | Within the Government, women's affairs are the responsibility of the Ministry of Social Affairs, Labor, and Vocational Training. (references) |
Ghana | Women's rights groups are active in educational campaigns and in programs to provide vocational training, legal aid, and other support to women. (references) | |
Yemen | With the Government's active support, bilateral and multilateral donors have initiated long-term (1994-2004) projects worth $31 million (4.96 billion riyals) aimed at advancing vocational education and reproductive health for women and girls. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Iran | The guilds issue vocational licenses and help members find jobs. (references) |
Ghana | In many cases, the children never receive the education or vocational training the recruiters promised. (references) | |
Portugal | These teams develop programs of scholastic and vocational study tailored to the individual child and his community. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Vocational" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 97.61% of the time. "Vocational" is used about 1,044 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 97.61% | 1,019 | 7,270 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.3% | 24 | 71,196 |
| Noun (common) | 0.1% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,044 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "vocational": adult vocational training ♦ continuing vocational training ♦ school providing vocational education ♦ secondary vocational education female pupils ♦ secondary vocational education pupils ♦ vocational aducation ♦ vocational aptitude ♦ vocational cancer ♦ vocational capacity ♦ vocational competence certificate ♦ vocational consolidation ♦ vocational counselling ♦ vocational course ♦ vocational education ♦ Vocational Guidance ♦ vocational high school ♦ vocational information ♦ vocational name ♦ vocational program ♦ vocational rehabilitation ♦ vocational rehabilitation centre ♦ vocational rehabilitation program ♦ vocational retraining ♦ vocational school ♦ vocational teacher ♦ vocational training. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "vocational": vocational-courses. | |
Ending with "vocational": non-vocational, pre-vocational. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "vocational"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | profesional (occupational, professional, regular). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | مهني (occupational, professional). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | професионален (career, occupation, occupational, professional, shoppy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 职业 (Occupation, Vocation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | týkající se povolání, odborný (expert, learned, professional, scholarly, special, technical). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | videreuddannelse (continuing education, continuing vocational training), erhvervsbetinget cancer (occupational cancer, vocational cancer), Anden fase af Fællesskabets handlingsprogram for erhvervsuddannelse Leonardo da Vinci (LEONARDO DA VINCI II, Second phase of the Community vocational training action programme Leonardo da Vinci), erhvervsmæssig udvikling (vocational capacity), erhvervsmæssig uddannelse (vocational education), erhvervsmæssig integration og reintegration på arbejdsmarkedet (vocational integration and reintegration into the labour market), erhvervsmæssig efter-og videreuddannelse (continuing education, continuing vocational training), erhvervsfunktionsprofil (occupational profile, vocational profile), erhvervsfaglig skole (school providing vocational education, vocational school), Erhvervsuddannelsespolitik (Vocational training policy), erhvervsbetegnelse (occupational title, professional qualification, professional title, vocational title), efter-og videreuddannelse (adult vocational training, continuing vocational training), bevis (argument, certificate, evidence, evidence of title, exhibit, plea, proof, receipt, sign, token, vocational competence certificate), arbejdsmaessig oplaering (industrial training, occupational training, vocational education, vocational training), arbejdsmæssige forudsætninger (vocational aptitude), arbejdsmæssige evner (vocational capacity), arbejdsmæssige anlæg (vocational aptitude), erhvervsfaglig uddannelse (vocational training), Handlingsprogram for erhvervsuddannelse af unge og forberedelse af unge til arbejds-og voksenlivet (Action programme for the vocational training of young people and their preparation for adult and working life, PETRA), undervisningsmodul (vocational module), revalideringsvirksomhed (industrial rehabilitation centre, industrial rehabilitation unit, vocational rehabilitation centre, work evaluation centre, work preparation centre), revalideringsklinik (industrial rehabilitation centre, industrial rehabilitation unit, vocational rehabilitation centre, work evaluation centre, work preparation centre), revalideringsinstitution (industrial rehabilitation centre, industrial rehabilitation unit, vocational rehabilitation centre, work evaluation centre, work preparation centre), Raadet fastsaetter de almindelige principper for gennemfoerelsen af en faelles politik for faglig uddannelse (the Council shall lay down general principles for implementing a common vocational training policy), professionel vejledning (vocational guidance), erhvervsrelevante evner og anlæg (vocational aptitude), Handlingsprogram for gennemførelse af en erhvervsuddannelsespolitik i Det Europæiske Fællesskab (Action programme for the implementation of a European Community vocational training policy, LEONARDO DA VINCI(1995-1999)), erhvervsuddannelse (industrial training, occupational training, vocational education, vocational training), genindtræden i arbejdslivet (industrial rehabilitation, occupational rehabilitation, resettlement, vocational rehabilitation), forsøg,der kan danne mønster med henblik på handicappedes genindtræden i erhvervslivet (pilot experiments for the purpose of rehabilitating handicapped persons in vocational life), faglig uddannelse (industrial training, occupational training, vocational education, vocational training), Fællesskabsinitiativ til fremme af lige muligheder for kvinder inden for beskæftigelse og erhvervsuddannelse (Community initiative to promote equal opportunities for women in the field of employment and vocational training(N ew O pportunities for W omen)), Fællesskabets handlingsprogram til styrkelse af efter-og videreuddannelse (Community action programme for the development of continuing vocational training, FORCE), ervervsrådgivning (careers counselling, careers guidance, employment counselling, occupational counselling, occupational guidance, vocational counselling, vocational guidance), erhvervsvejledning (careers counselling, careers guidance, employment counselling, occupational counselling, occupational guidance, vocational counselling, vocational guidance, vocational information), navn (appellation, name, nomen, proper name, vocational name, working name). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | voortgezette beroepsvorming (adult vocational training, continuing vocational training), voortgezette beroepsopleiding (adult vocational training, continuation training, continued training, continuing vocational training, further training), vocational name (vocational name, working name), vakopleiding (industrial training, occupational training, vocational education, vocational training), voortgezette vorming (continuing education, continuing vocational training), benaming van het beroep (vocational title), beroepsoriëntatie (careers counselling, careers guidance, employment counselling, occupational counselling, occupational guidance, vocational counselling, vocational guidance), beroepsopleidingsschool (school providing vocational education, vocational school), beroepsopleiding (industrial training, occupational training, vocational education, vocational training), beroepsopleidende leerweg (vocational training), beroepsonderwijs (technical education, vocational education), beroepskeuzewerk (vocational guidance), beroepskeuzevoorlichting (vocational guidance, vocational information), beroepskeuzebegeleiding (vocational guidance), beroepsoriëntering (careers counselling, careers guidance, employment counselling, occupational counselling, occupational guidance, vocational counselling, vocational guidance), beroepsgeschiktheid (vocational capacity), centrum voor arbeidsrevalidatie (industrial rehabilitation centre, industrial rehabilitation unit, vocational rehabilitation centre, work evaluation centre, work preparation centre), Beleid inzake beroepsopleiding (Vocational training policy), bedrijfscursus (vocational course), arbeidsrevalidatie (industrial rehabilitation, occupational rehabilitation, resettlement, vocational rehabilitation), Actieprogramma voor de ontwikkeling van een beleid van de Europese Gemeenschap inzake beroepsopleiding (Action programme for the implementation of a European Community vocational training policy, LEONARDO DA VINCI(1995-1999)), Actieprogramma voor de beroepsopleiding van jongeren en de voorbereiding van jongeren op het leven als volwassene en in een beroep (Action programme for the vocational training of young people and their preparation for adult and working life, PETRA), beroepskanker (occupational cancer, vocational cancer), diploma (certificate, diploma, vocational competence certificate), Tweede fase van het communautaire actieprogramma inzake beroepsopleiding Leonardo da Vinci (LEONARDO DA VINCI II, Second phase of the Community vocational training action programme Leonardo da Vinci), reïntegratie in het arbeidsproces (industrial rehabilitation, occupational rehabilitation, resettlement, vocational rehabilitation), opneming en wederopneming op de arbeidsmarkt (vocational integration and reintegration into the labour market), modelprojecten met het oog op de wederaanpassing van de gehandicapten aan het beroepsleven (pilot experiments for the purpose of rehabilitating handicapped persons in vocational life), middelbaar dienstverlenings-en gezondheidszorg onderwijs (senior secondary vocational course-social services and health care), individueel beroepsonderwijs (individualised vocational education), in service-vorming (adult vocational training, continuing vocational training), bij-en nascholing (continuing education, continuing vocational training), herintreding in het arbeidsproces (industrial rehabilitation, occupational rehabilitation, resettlement, vocational rehabilitation), beroepsprofiel (occupational profile, vocational profile), de Raad stelt de algemene beginselen vast voor de toepassing van een gemeenschappelijk beleid met betrekking tot de beroepsopleiding (the Council shall lay down general principles for implementing a common vocational training policy), Communautair initiatief ter bevordering van gelijke kansen voor vrouwen op het gebied van de werkgelegenheid en de beroepsopleiding (Community initiative to promote equal opportunities for women in the field of employment and vocational training(N ew O pportunities for W omen)), Communautair actieprogramma voor de ontwikkeling van de voortdurende scholing (Community action programme for the development of continuing vocational training, FORCE), Colbo-vakken (vocational subjects), centrum voor beroepsrevalidatie (industrial rehabilitation centre, industrial rehabilitation unit, vocational rehabilitation centre, work evaluation centre, work preparation centre), BOL (ball, ball-bearing, bulb, crown, dome, globe, sphere, vault, vaulted ceiling, vocational training), aanleg voor een beroep (vocational aptitude), hoofdvakkenpakket (vocational module). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | Yhteisön ammatillista koulutusta koskeva Leonardo da Vinci -toimintaohjelma (LEONARDO DA VINCI II, Second phase of the Community vocational training action programme "Leonardo da Vinci"), ammattiopetus (vocational education), ammattineuvonta (vocational guidance), ammattikoulutus (craft, guild, trade, vocational training), ammattikoulu (trade school, vocational school), ammattiin pääsy ja palaaminen työmarkkinoille (vocational integration and reintegration into the labour market), ammatinvalinnan ohjaus (vocational guidance), ammatillinen koulutus (technical education, vocational education, vocational training). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | professionnel. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | beruflich (career orientated, occupational, professional, professionally). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | επαγγελματικόσ (occupational, professional). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מקצועי (occupational, pro, professional, skilled). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | hivatásszerû. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | professionale (occupational, professional). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 職能代表制 (vocational representation system), 授"所 (work or vocational center), 専門学 (vocational school), 実業学 (vocational school), 各種学 (vocational school). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | しょくのう いひょうせい (vocational representation system), せ"も"がっ"う (vocational school), かくしゅがっ"う (vocational school), じつぎょうがっ"う (vocational school), じゅさ"じょ (work or vocational center). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 직업 (occupational, Profession, Vocation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | bentyn da keird. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ocationalvay vocacional, profissional (jocose, occupational therapy, practitioner, professedly, professional, professional football player, Professor). (various references) profesional (occupational, occupationally, professional). (various references) профессиональный (career-oriented, occupational, professional, shoppy). (various references) zanatski (professional), stručan (expert, professional, workmanlike). (various references) vocacional, profesional (line, occupational, pro, professional), de profesión (line, professional). (various references) yrkesmässig (professional, professional-looking). (various references) mesleki (commercial, professional), meslek ile ilgili. (various references) порфесійний. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "vocational": vocationalism, vocationalisms, vocationalist, vocationalists, vocationally. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "vocational": avocational, convocational, invocational, nonvocational, prevocational. (additional references) | |
Words containing "vocational": avocationally. (additional references) | |
| |
"Vocational" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: iocational, ocational, occational, vocatinal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "vocational" (pronounced vōkā"shunul) |
| 7 | -k ā" sh u n u l | coeducational, educational. |
| 6 | -ā" sh u n u l | aberrational, computational, conformational, confrontational, congregational, connotational, conversational, denominational, foundational, generational, gravitational, improvisational, informational, inspirational, intergenerational, investigational, Invitational, motivational, navigational, occupational, operational, organizational, recreational, relational, representational, rotational, sensational, situational, transformational. |
| 5 | -sh u n u l | additional, binational, compositional, concessional, conditional, confessional, congressional, constitutional, conventional, correctional, depositional, devotional, dimensional, directional, dysfunctional, emotional, exceptional, factional, fictional, fluxional, fractional, functional, institutional, instructional, intentional, international, irrational, jurisdictional, multinational, national, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, optional, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, rational, sectional, supranational, traditional, transitional, transnational, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional. |
| 4 | -u n u l | abdominal, aboriginal, Arsenal, attitudinal, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, collisional, criminal, delusional, diagonal, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, erosional, gastrointestinal, hexagonal, impersonal, interpersonal, intestinal, juvenile, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, medicinal, nominal, noncriminal, occasional, octagonal, original, personal, phenomenal, polygonal, provisional, regional, retinal, seasonal, seminal, sentinel, subliminal, superregional, terminal, virginal. |
| 3 | -n u l | adrenal, anal, annal, annul, atonal, autumnal, carnal, channel, Colonel, communal, cornel, Darnel, departmental, diurnal, empanel, eternal, external, faunal, fennel, final, flannel, fraternal, funnel, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, infernal, internal, journal, kennel, kernel, maternal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, nocturnal, panel, paternal, penal, polyvinyl, renal, semifinal, shrapnel, signal, spinal, tonal, tribunal, tunnel, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-c-i-l-n-o-o-t-v" | |
-1 letter: avocation. | |
-2 letters: lavation, location, vacation, vocation. | |
-3 letters: actinal, alation, coolant, octanol, octaval, ovation, valiant, valonia, vatical, volcano, voltaic. | |
-4 letters: action, alnico, atavic, atonal, atonic, canola, catalo, cation, catlin, citola, coital, coloni, latino, lotion, octavo, oilcan, ovonic, talion, tincal, vacant, volant. | |
-5 letters: actin, alant, aloin, antic, anvil, avail, avant, avian, avion, canal, canto, cavil, clavi, cloot. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-c-i-l-n-o-o-t-v" | |
+1 letter: avocational, vacuolation. | |
+2 letters: invocational, vacuolations, vocalization, vocationally. | |
+3 letters: avocationally, convocational, nonvocational, prevocational, vocalizations, vocationalism, vocationalist. | |
+4 letters: conservational, conservatorial, conversational, vocationalisms, vocationalists. | |
+5 letters: misvocalization, overapplication, subvocalization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- --- -.-. .- - .. --- -. .- .-.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01101111 01100011 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 01100001 01101100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V o c a t i o n a l |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 006F 0063 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E 0061 006C |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)56816967867581806778 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Abbreviations 15. Acronyms 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Orthography 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
