Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Virtuous |
VirtuousAdjective1. Of moral excellence; "a genuinely good person"; "a just cause"; "an upright and respectable man"; "the life of the nation is secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and virtuous"- Frederick Douglass. 2. Morally excellent. 3. Behaving according to standards of what is right or just; "led a virtuous (or moral) life". 4. In a state of sexual virginity; "pure and vestal modesty"; "a spinster or virgin lady"; "men have decreed that their women must be pure and virginal". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "virtuous" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references) |
Etymology: Virtuous \Vir"tu*ous\, adjective. [from Old English expression vertuous, Old French vertuos, vertuous, French vertueux, from the Latin expression Virtuous. See Virtue, and compare to Virtuoso.]. (Websters 1913) |
Synonyms: VirtuousSynonyms: good (adj), just (adj), pure (adj), upright (adj), vestal (adj), virgin (adj), virginal (adj). (additional references) |
| Antonym: wicked (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Duty | Enter upon a duty, perform a duty, observe a duty, fulfill a duty, discharge a duty, adhere to a duty, acquit oneself of a duty, satisfy a duty, enter upon an obligation, perform an obligation, observe an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation, adhere to an obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation, satisfy an obligation; act one's part, redeem one's pledge, do justice to, be at one's post; do duty; do one's duty; (be virtuous). |
Innocence | Virtuous; unreproved, unimpeached, unreproached. |
Probity | Adjective: upright; honest, honest as daylight; veracious; virtuous; honorable; fair, right, just, equitable, impartial, evenhanded, square; fair and aboveboard, open and aboveboard; white. |
Purity | Adjective: pure, undefiled, modest, delicate, decent, decorous; virginibus puerisque; simon-pure; chaste, continent, virtuous, honest, Platonic. |
Virtue | Verb: be virtuous; Adjective: practice virtue;Noun: do one's duty, fulfill one's duty, perform one's duty, discharge one's duty; redeem one's pledge, keep one's promise; act well, act one's part; fight the good fight; acquit oneself well; command one's passions, master one's passions; keep in the right path. |
Adjective: virtuous, good; innocent; meritorious, deserving, worthy, desertful, correct; dutiful, duteous; moral; right, righteous, right-minded; well-intentioned, creditable, laudable, commendable, praiseworthy; above all praise, beyond all praise; excellent, admirable; sterling, pure, noble; whole-souled. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Virtuous |
| English words defined with "virtuous": chastely ♦ decent ♦ Galahad ♦ nice ♦ Sir Galahad ♦ To break the neck of ♦ Vertuous, virtuously ♦ whited sepulcher, whited sepulchre. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "virtuous": Asp ♦ Cupid's Golden Arrow ♦ Darby and Joan ♦ Editor ♦ Flowered Robes ♦ Lake ♦ trial ♦ UNFORTUNATE WOMEN. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "virtuous": Vertuous, Virtuoso. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | It was killed by a virtuous knight who pierced the demon's heart before it could draw breath to perform the act. Acathla turned to stone, as demons sometimes do, and was buried where neither man nor demon would be wont to look. (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) | |
Clever | Be virtuous and you will be eccentric. (references; author: Mark Twain) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Virtuous Husband (1931) Virtuous Sin (1930) A Virtuous Vamp (1919) The Virtuous Thief (1919) Virtuous Sinners (1919) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Theater & Movies | |||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Aerial view of South Prudence Island and T-wharf. Prudence Island, Patience Island, and Hope Island are the virtuous names of the islands that make up this Rhode Island NERR. The reserve is located in the geographic center of Narragansett Bay.Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Virtuous Harry, or set a thief to catch a thief!.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | That virtuous feeling. One man who can truthfully say that he never forgot his wife's birthday.Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Pope | Virtuous and vicious everyone must be; few in extremes, but all in degree. |
Confucius | Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous, and lo! virtue is at hand. |
Henry David Thoreau | There are nine hundred and ninety-nine patrons of virtue to one virtuous man. |
Iris Murdoch | All art is a struggle to be, in a particular sort of way, virtuous. |
Joseph Addison | A day, an hour, of virtuous liberty is worth a whole eternity in bondage. |
Plato | Knowledge becomes evil if the aim be not virtuous. |
Publilius Syrus | For a good cause, wrongdoing is virtuous. |
Richard Steele | Will Honeycomb calls these overoffended ladies the outrageously virtuous. |
Seneca | Levity of behavior is the bane of all that is good and virtuous. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Thus, whether a family by degrees grew up into a common-wealth, and the fatherly authority being continued on to the elder son, every one in his turn growing up under it, tacitly submitted to it, and the easiness and equality of it not offending any one, every one acquiesced, till time seemed to have confirmed it, and settled a right of succession by prescription: or whether several families, or the descendants of several families, whom chance, neighbourhood, or business brought together, uniting into society, the need of a general, whose conduct might defend them against their enemies in war, and the great confidence the innocence and sincerity of that poor but virtuous age, (such as are almost all those which begin governments, that ever come to last in the world) gave men one of another, made the first beginners of commonwealths generally put the rule into one man's hand, without any other express limitation or restraint, but what the nature of the thing, and the end of government required: which ever of those it was that at first put the rule into the hands of a single person, certain it is no body was intrusted with it but for the public good and safety, and to those ends, in the infancies of commonwealths, those who had it commonly used it. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | For the rest, nothing is more ridiculous than the virtuous indignation of our bourgeois at the community of women which, they pretend, is to be openly and officially established by the Communists. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | She who will remain virtuous must have no compassion for her hands. |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Then, God grant me to Thou mayst be damned for that wicked deed! O, he was gentle, mild, and virtuous! GLOUCESTER. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Indonesia | Initiating a virtuous cycle in Indonesia will depend on the degree to which the GOI can push forward economic reforms that have lagged since mid-2000. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EDITOR, n. A person who combines the judicial functions of Minos, Rhadamanthus and Aeacus, but is placable with an obolus; a severely virtuous censor, but so charitable withal that he tolerates the virtues of others and the vices of himself; who flings about him the splintering lightning and sturdy thunders of admonition till he resembles a bunch of firecrackers petulantly uttering his mind at the tail of a dog; then straightway murmurs a mild, melodious lay, soft as the cooing of a donkey intoning its prayer to the evening star. Master of mysteries and lord of law, high-pinnacled upon the throne of thought, his face suffused with the dim splendors of the Transfiguration, his legs intertwisted and his tongue a-cheek, the editor spills his will along the paper and cuts it off in lengths to suit. And at intervals from behind the veil of the temple is heard the voice of the foreman demanding three inches of wit and six lines of religious meditation, or bidding him turn off the wisdom and whack up some pathos. O, the Lord of Law on the Throne of Thought, A gilded impostor is he. Of shreds and patches his robes are wrought, His crown is brass, Himself an ass, And his power is fiddle-dee-dee. Prankily, crankily prating of naught, Silly old quilly old Monarch of Thought. Public opinion's camp-follower he, Thundering, blundering, plundering free. Affected, Ungracious, Suspected, Mendacious, Respected contemporaree! J.H. Bumbleshook |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The accomplishment of this work, if practicable, will reflect undecaying luster on our national character and administer the most grateful consolations that virtuous minds can know. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | A difference of opinion has existed from the first formation of our Constitution to the present time among our most enlightened and virtuous citizens respecting the right of Congress to establish such a system of improvement. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Virtuous" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.44% of the time. "Virtuous" is used about 180 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 99.44% | 179 | 23,133 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.56% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 180 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "virtuous". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Aretas | N/A | Biblical | Virtuous |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "virtuous": be virtuous ♦ virtuous in name. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
a virtuous woman | 71 |
virtuous | 14 |
poem virtuous woman | 4 |
reality virtuous | 3 |
31 proverb virtuous woman | 2 |
sermon virtuous woman | 2 |
king virtuous warrior woman | 2 |
ale art because cake dost more no shall there think thou thou virtuous | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "virtuous"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | i virtytshëm (high minded), i moralshëm (ethic, ethical, moral), i mirë (benign, canny, carriageable, decent, desirable, fine, gentle, good, good tempered, goodly, handsome, keen, kind, kindhearted, kindly, lovely, nice, pleasant, pukka, salable, tops), i drejtë (candid, correct, direct, disinterested, downright, equitable, erect, even, fair, impartial, just, kosher, lank, regular, right, Square, stand up, straight, straightaway, true, upright, upstanding, white). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | فعال (active, businesslike, dynamic, effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, energetic, forceful, forcible, functional, living, operative, potent, reliable, trenchant, valid), فاضل (liver, worthy), قوي (able bodied, acute, athletic, brawny, burly, forceful, forcible, full-bodied, furious, generous, hardy, hearty, heavy duty, husky, incorrodible, intense, intensive, keen, lively, lusty, manly, mighty, muscular, pithy, potent, powered, powerful, precious, pronounced, reliable, robust, rude, sledge hammer, spanking, staunch, stern, stiff, stout, strong, sturdy, telling, tight, tough, trig, vehement, vigorous, violent, vivid, youthful), عفيف (chaste, continent, pure, sober, virgin), طاهر (chaste, clean, clear, immaculate, innocent, inviolate, pure, saintly, spotless, unstained, virgin, white), خلقي, شريف (honorable, honourable, noble, noble origin, proper, reputable, sheriff, upstanding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | чист (absolute, chaste, clean, cleanly, clear, crisp, crystal, downright, fair, fine, fresh, heavenly, immaculate, incorrupt, innocent, lucid, mere, native, natty, neat, net, orderly, oriental, pellucid, pristine, pure, rank, sanitary, self, sheer, simon-pure, soilless, solid, stainless, sterling, straight, sublime, sweet, taintless, trim, unadulterated, unalloyed, unblemished, unmixed, unpolluted, unsophisticated, unspotted, unstained, virgin, virginal, white, white-handed), целомъдрен (chaste, continent, honest, vestal), непорочен (chaste, pure, pure-minded, saintly, saturnian, taintless, unblemished, vestal, virginal), добродетелен (righteous). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 腆 (make strong), 贞洁, 有德行 , 懿 (restrain). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | poèetný (large, numerous), mocný (forceful, formidable, mighty, potent, potential, powerful, strong), cudný (chaste), ctnostný (chaste, good), chvályhodný (laudable, praise, praiseworthy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | فرهومند, پاکدامن (Chaste, Virgin), پرهیزکار (Abstemious, Continent, Inward, Righteous), عفیف (Chaste, Clean, Honest, Virgin), بافضیلت , باتقوا. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | siveä (chaste, pure), hyveellinen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | vertueux. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | tugendhaft (lily white, moral, morally, virtuously). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ενάρετοσ (chaste, righteous). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מוסרי (ethical, moral, strait laced), בעל מ"ות טובות. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | erkölcsös (chaste, ethic, ethical, honest, modest, moral, puritanic, puritanical), erényes. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | saleh (devotional, pious, religious), gunawan (noble, useful). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | virtuoso (moral, righteous, virtuoso). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 有徳 (rich), 徳の高い (respectable). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | うとく (rich), ゆうとく (rich), とくのたかい (respectable). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | mie (fair, favourable, good, goodly, goodness, moral, nice, pious, ready, virtue). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | irtuousvay virtuoso (graceful, honest, nice guy, sainted, virtuoso), reto (direct, even, fair, honest, impartiality, just, recto, rectum, righteous, rightful, sincere, single minded, single-eyed, square, straight, straightaway, straightforward), puro (absolute, chaste, clean, clean-fingered, commercially pure, crisp, fresh, genuine, immanence, incorruptibility, innocent, naked, neat, Plumb, pure, self, sheer, sinless, snow, snowy, soilless, spotless, stainless, straight, sweet, taintless, true, unalloyed, unblemished, unblended, unspotted, unstained, unsullied, unworldly, virgin), probo (honest, just), eficiente (businesslike, effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, useful), casto (chaste, honest, virgin). (various references) virtuos (chaste, moral, nice, pious, virtuoso), cinstit (above board, candid, chaste, clean-fingered, correctly, fair, foursquare, gentlemanlike, guileless, honest, honestly, honest-minded, honorable, honourable, mensurable, on the level, on the up and up, open, reliable, reputable, respectable, righteous, scrupulous, simple, sincere, sincerely, sporting, sportsmanlike, Square, straightforward, true, trustful, truthful, unfeigned, upright, venerable), cast (chaste, pure, virgin), bun (affectionate, applicable, belongings, beneficial, benevolent, bonny, bright, canny, capital, clever, decent, domain, eminent, fair, favorable, favourable, fine, fit, fitting, fond, fortunate, fortune, genuine, good, goods, grand, grandfather, grandparent, happy, honest, humane, kind, kindly, nice, okay, pleasurable, proper, real, right, salutary, skilful, skillful, soft-hearted, splendid, suitable, true, upright, useful, well, wholesome). (various references) добродетельный (moral). (various references) maith (fhèarr and feobha, fit, good, pardon, useful), beusach (moral). (various references) vrli (brave, excellent, fine), pun vrlina, moralan (moral), čedan (chaste, lily, lily white, maiden, nice, pure-minded, sober minded, virgin, virginal). (various references) virtuoso (moral, righteous, virtuoso). (various references) kraftig (big, bouncing, crash, forcible, hale, hard, hearty, heavy, hefty, high-powered, intense, lusty, meaty, potent, powerful, rich, robust, robustious, round, sinewy, spanking, stalwart, stiff, stout, strong, sturdy, thick-set, vigorous, violent), dygdig. (various references) namuslu (fair, honest, honorable, honourable, level, modest, pure, respectable, untainted, upright, vestal), iffetli (chaste), faziletli, erdemli (chaste), dürüst (above board, candid, christian, conscientious, dinkum, direct, downright, fair, faithful, Frank, guileless, honest, incorruptible, jannock, just, level, moral, on the square, open, plain, regular, right, righteous, right-minded, sincere, single minded, single-hearted, sporting, Square, straight, straight as a die, straight out, straightforward, upfront, upright, upstanding). (various references) цнотливий (chaste, continent, undefiled), дійовий (acting, active, aggressive, effectual, efficacious, forceful, valid), доброчесний (celestial, clean, moral, righteous, well doing). (various references) có đạo đức tiết hạnh, có đức, đoan chính. (various references) rhinweddol, bucheddol (right-living). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | innocens, innocente, innocentem, innocenter, innocentes, innocenti, innocentia, innocentis, innocentium, innocentum, pudica, pudicas, pudici, pudicos. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | vanghu. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | preude. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 31, Verse 10 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Gunaika andreian tiV eurhsei timiwtera de estin liqwn polutelwn h toiauth |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Aleph mulierem fortem quis inveniet procul et de ultimis finibus pretium eius |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Aleph. A strong womman who shal finde? aferr and fro the utmost endis the pris of hir. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Who may make discovery of a woman of virtue? For her price is much higher than jewels. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 31, Verse 10 |
| Cebuano | ¶ Kinsay makakaplag sa usa ka babaye nga takus? Kay ang iyang bili labaw pa kay sa mahal nga mga bato. |
| Croatian | Tko æe naæi ženu vrsnu? Više vrijedi ona nego biserje. |
| Danish | Hvo finder en duelig Hustru? Hendes Værd står langt over Perlers. |
| Dutch | Aleph. Wie zal een deugdelijke huisvrouw vinden? Want haar waardij is verre boven de robijnen. |
| Finnish | Kelpo vaimon kuka löytää? Sellaisen arvo on helmiä paljon kalliimpi. |
| French | Qui peut trouver une femme vertueuse? Elle a bien plus de valeur que les perles. |
| German | Wem ein tugendsam Weib beschert ist, die ist viel edler denn die köstlichsten Perlen. |
| Hungarian | Derék asszonyt kicsoda találhat? Mert ennek ára sokkal felülhaladja az igazgyöngyöket. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Istri yang cakap sukar ditemukan; ia lebih berharga daripada intan berlian. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Siapakah yang boleh mendapat seorang bini yang berbudi? maka adalah harganya amat lebih besar dari pada harga menikam. |
| Italian | Una donna perfetta chi potr trovarla? Ben superiore alle perle è il suo valore. |
| Maori | ¶ Ko wai e kite i te wahine e u ana tona pai? Ko tona utu hoki kei runga noa atu i to nga rupi. |
| Norwegian | En god hustru - hvem finner henne? Langt mere enn perler er hun verd. |
| Rumanian | Cine poate gqsi o femeie cinstitq? Ea este mai de prey deckt mqrgqritarele. |
| Russian | лФП ОБК"ЕФ "П'ТП"ЕФЕМШОХА ЦЕОХ? "ЕОБ ЕЕ ЧЩЫЕ ЦЕНЮХЗПЧ; |
| Spanish | Mujer virtuosa, ¿quién la hallará? Porque su valor sobrepasa a las perlas. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "virtuous": virtuously, virtuousness, virtuousnesses. (additional references) | |
| |
"Virtuous" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: vatuous, verrucosus, vertuous, virtous, virtuos, virtuouse, virtusou, viruous, vitrious, vituous. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "virtuous" (pronounced ver"khuwus) |
| 4 | -kh uw u s | contemptuous, tempestuous, tumultuous. |
| 3 | -uw u s | ambiguous, arduous, conspicuous, contiguous, continuous, deciduous, disingenuous, incongruous, ingenuous, innocuous, strenuous, vacuous. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "i-o-r-s-t-u-u-v" | |
-2 letters: suitor, virtus. | |
-3 letters: riots, rotis, roust, routs, stour, tiros, torsi, torus, tours, trios, trois, virtu, virus, visor. | |
-4 letters: orts, ours, oust, outs, riot, roti, rots, rout, rust, ruts, sori, sort, sour, stir, suit, tiro, tori, tors, tour, trio, tuis, urus. | |
-5 letters: its, ors, ort, our, out, rot, rut, sir, sit, sot, sou, sri, tis. | |
| Words containing the letters "i-o-r-s-t-u-u-v" | |
+2 letters: virtuously. | |
+3 letters: unobtrusive. | |
+4 letters: overcautious, virtuousness, voluptuaries. | |
+5 letters: supervirtuosi, supervirtuoso, unobtrusively. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 69 72 74 75 6F 75 73 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- .. .-. - ..- --- ..- ... |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01101001 01110010 01110100 01110101 01101111 01110101 01110011 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V i r t u o u s |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0069 0072 0074 0075 006F 0075 0073 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5675848687818785 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Derived from 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Bible Trace 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Orthography 24. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
