Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Verification |
VerificationNoun1. Additional proof that something that was believed is true; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "verification" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1651. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Verification The process of determining whether or not the products of a given phase in the life-cycle fulfil a set of established requirements. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Biology & Biotechnology | The test of validity of a hypothesis result by using independent data. After calculating a transfer or response function, a verification is established when the estimates derived from the independent predictor set resemble the independent predictand set more than would be expected by chance. Source: European Union. (references) |
Federal Student Aid | A procedure where a school checks the information a student reported on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) when applying for Title IV aid, usually by requesting a copy of the signed tax returns filed by the student and, if applicable, the student's parent(s) and spouse. Schools must verify information about students selected for verification by ED's Central Processing System (CPS), following procedures established by federal regulations. It is a technical and administrative process of detecting and resolving inaccuracies in data a student (and family) supplied on the FAFSA.The CPS prints an asterisk next to the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) on SAR's and SAR Information Acknowledgements and flags ISIR's to identify students selected for verification by the CPS. Many schools also select certain other students for verification themselves in addition to those selected by the CPS. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Anything done to confirm the validity of figures or information. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A formal and thorough check, amounting in some cases to a limited form of audit. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Post & Telecom | In parameter testing:establishment of the validity of a piece of data according to the specified error handling procedures. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: VerificationSynonyms: check (n), confirmation (n), substantiation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Experiment | Verification, probation, experimentum crucis, proof, (demonstration); criterion, diagnostic, test, probe, crucial test, acid test, litmus test. |
Security | Authentication, verification, warrant, certificate, voucher, docket, doquet; record; probate, attested copy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Photogrammetry - field data verification office.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Hydrographer Kim Sampadian of NOS Pacific Hydro Branch working on shoreline verification in RAINIER plot room.Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
James Gordon Bennett | Remember son, many a good story has been ruined by over verification. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Germany further undertakes that, in the matter of the regime applicable on importation, no discrimination against the commerce of any of the Allied and Associated States as compared with any other of the said States or any other foreign country shall be made, even by indirect means, such as customs regulations or procedure, methods of verification or analysis conditions of payment of duties, tariff classification or interpretation, or the operation of monopolies. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Records Verification System (RVS) for the Empresa de Telecommunicaciones de Bogota. (references) | |
Egnatia Bank offers a secure (SSL/40bit and SRT/128bit) mechanism for credit card data collection and verification. (references) | ||
Projects currently underway will continue construction only after verification of the State Council's relevant departments. (references) | ||
Children | Indonesia | Governmental efforts to combat child abuse have been slow and ineffective due to cultural sensitivities, lack of monitoring mechanisms and verification procedures regarding child abuse. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Kyrgyz Republic | The arrests were related to new security measures that included verification of the documents of noncitizens. (references) |
Macedonia | For adults with no photo identification, there was a verification process facilitated by the UNHCR with the Ministry of Interior. (references) | |
Economic History | Slovenia | Slovenia pledged personnel and logistical support to an OSCE-led verification mission in Kosovo. (references) |
Dominican Republic | A Verification Commission appointed by the Central Electoral Board, however, did not accept the PRD's charges. (references) | |
Nigeria | Destination inspection requires verification of above documents and import claims at the port of entry in Nigerian. (references) | |
Human Rights | Albania | In March police arrested Gjon Gjonaj, a resident of Lezhe and a DP supporter, and detained him for verification purposes in the Rreshen police station predetention center; Gjonaj later was found dead in his prison cell. (references) |
Guatemala | Upon the expiration of the MINUGUA's mandate, which is scheduled for 2003, the Human Rights Ombudsman's Office is to take over the human rights verification function, but there was little preparation for the transfer of that responsibility by either party. (references) | |
Iraq | For the ninth consecutive year, the Commission called on the U.N. Secretary General to send human rights monitors to "help in the independent verification of reports on the human rights situation in Iraq." The U.N. Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities made a similar request. (references) | |
Minorities | Bhutan | Refugee groups are concerned that at the present rate, verification will take several years. (references) |
Bhutan | By December all the residents of the first camp had been interviewed, and the Bhutanese verification team went back to Thimpu pending the start of verification at the next camp. (references) | |
Political Economy | GHANA | Two destination inspection agencies contracted by the government also perform testing and price verification for some selected imports that are above US$ 5,000. (references) |
Political Rights | Jordan | The Government also included provisions, such as those requiring verification of polling results by members of the Judiciary, that are designed to increase transparency and accuracy. (references) |
Belarus | During the elections, provisions for early voting, mobile ballot boxes, vote counting, and the aggregation of results fell far short of minimum transparency requirements for independent verification. (references) | |
Trade | Nigeria | Independent verification of the legitimacy of transactions is recommended. (references) |
Travel | Mexico | IMPORTANT NOTE: All foreign visitors should keep their Visitor Card (Forma Migratoria) bearing the official "FEE PAID" stamp as it will be subject to verification by inspectors of Mexico's National Immigration Institute. (references) |
Worker Rights | Tanzania | Union officials have claimed that enforcement of labor standards is effective in the formal sector, but no verification studies have been performed. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | I repeat, we would like nothing better than adequate international arrangements for the task of inspection and verification in Cuba, and we are prepared to continue our efforts to achieve such arrangements. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | We are hard at work with Great Britain and the Soviet Union on an agreement which will stop testing and will protect our national security and provide for adequate verification of compliance. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Our recently signed INF Treaty is historic because it reduces nuclear arms and establishes the most stringent verification regime in arms control history, including several forms of short-notice, on-site inspection. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Verification" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.73% of the time. "Verification" is used about 374 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.73% | 373 | 14,596 |
| Noun (common) | 0.27% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 374 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "verification": committee on the verification of credentials ♦ independent Verification and Validation ♦ program verification ♦ software Verification Research Centre ♦ verification of an equation ♦ verification of employment. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "verification"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | verifikim (ascertainment, check, vetting), vërtetim (ascertainment, attestation, authentication, certificate, certification, confirmation, corroboration, demonstration, diploma, endorsement, indorsation, indorsement, legalization, note, receipt, substantiation), kontroll (checkup, clutches, control, disposal, exam, examination, grip, hand, hands, inspection, mastery, monitoring, probe, restraint, search, supervision, swaddling clothes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تحقيق (ascertainment, come true, consummation, enquiry, exploration, fruition, fulfillment, fulfilment, implementing, inquest, inquiry, inquisition, investigation, probe, probing, quest, realization, survey), تأكيد الحقيقة, تثبيت (confirmation, fixation, fixing, fixture, lock). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | проверка (audit, check, checkup, probation, proof, revision, tab, test), потвърждение (acknowledgement, authorization, corroboration, endorsement, yea), потвърждаване (affirmation, confirmation, ratification, validation), доказателство (averment, demonstration, object lesson, piece of evidence, proof, seal, showing, telltale, testimony, vindication, witness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 证明 (Certificate, Certification, Certified, Certify, Certifying, identification, Proof, proofed, Prove, Proved, Proven, Proving). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | verifikace, prokázání správnosti (vindication), přezkoušení, ovìření (check). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | verifikation (checking), verificering, undersøgelse (checking, examination, exploration, inquiry, investigation, research, survey, test), kontrol (check, checking, checkout, control, inspection, monitor, review), justering (adjuster, adjustment, adjustment device, end-butting, end-trimming, equalising, equalizing, fit, fitting, justification, meter proving, realignment, rigging, setting, trimming). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | verificatie (audit, authentication), controle (audit, check, check out, control, monitoring, review, stocktaking), ambtelijke verificatie, ambtelijke ijking. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | verifiointi, varmennus (certification, confirmation, corroboration, redundancy), todennus, tarkistus (adjustment, calibration, checking, model calibration, price adjustment, review, revision), oikeellisuuden toteaminen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | vérification. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Verifizierung, Nachweis (certificate, evidence, proof, validation), Verifikation, Prüfung (assay, attempt, audit, check, checking, checkup, consideration, exam, examination, inspection, ordeal, perusal, proof, quiz, scrutiny, test, testing, trial, tryout), Nachprüfung (check, collating, collation, comparison, re examination, re-sit), Überprüfung (inspection, monitor, review, reviewing, revisal), überprüfung (check, checking, checkout, checkup, examination, inspection, investigation, re examination, review, revisal, screening, scrutiny). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | επαλήθευση (authentication, checking). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | אמות (authentication, check, corroboration, proof, substantiation, validation), "תאמתות, "אמת" (authentication, corroboration), "אמ ות. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | igazolás (acknowledgement, approbation, authentication, certificate, certification, confirmation, demonstration, exculpation, excuse, making of an excuse, substantiation, tracking). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pencocokan (skewer), pembuktian (argumentation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | verifica (audit, check, check out, checking, control, examination, gauging). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 証明 (proof), 照査 (checking against, examining by reference), 検証 (inspection), 奥書き (postscript, publication), 妥"性 (propriety, validity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | おくがき (postscript, publication), しょうさ (checking against, difference in wins, evidence, examining by reference, lieutenant commander, major, proof, slight difference, wing commander, witness), しょうめい (call, divine call, exhibiting clearly, genuine article, genuine autograph, illumination, manifest, proof), け"しょう (charter, displaying, energy, epaulet, epaulette, good health, honouring, inspection, manifesting, offering prizes, pep, refer to modestly, revealing or demonstrating the truth, reward, sheath of tendon, shoulder strap, spirit, winning), とうせい (propriety, validity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 검증. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | firrinaghey (authenticate, authentication, confirm, confirmation, make sure, verify). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | erificationvay verificação (audit, check, collation, control, examine, inspection, investigations, proof, proofread, reconnaissance, test, trial, tune up). (various references) verificare (ascertainement, audit, check, control, examination, inspection, proof, review, test), probã (alloy, argument, assay, attempt, audition, check up, control, event, examination, exemplar, go, instance, pattern, probation, proof, sample, specimen, test, trial, try, witness), examen (examination, go, school, scrutiny, searching, test), control (censorship, check, check up, checking, control, direction, examination, grasp, grip, hand, intendance, issue, observation, review, supervision, surveillance, survey, test). (various references) проверка (check, check-out, checkup, control, inspection, proof, review, revise, revision, test, try-out). (various references) verifikacija, proveravanje (checking, screening), potvrda (acknowledgement, approbation, certificate, certification, confirmation, corroboration, testimonial, vindication). (various references) verificación (audit, check, check out, checking, check-out, checkup, investigations, review), comprobación (ascertainment, check out, checking, check-out, checkup, proof, substantiation, testing). (various references) verifikation (document in proof, document in support, source document, supporting documents, voucher), verifiering (acceptance, authentication), bekräftande (affirmative, confirmation, confirmative, confirmatory, confirming, corroborant, corroboration, corroborative). (various references) tetkik (etude, examination, revisal, study, survey), tahkik, soruşturma (checkback, disquisition, enquiry, examination, hearing, inquest, inquiries, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitional, inquisitorial, investigation, probe, quest, question, questionnaire), doğrulama (affirmation, avowal, confirmation, correction, corroboration, defence, defense, recognition, support, testification). (various references) звіряння (collation), підтвердження (acknowledgement, acknowledgment, affirmation, confirmation, endorsement, indorsement, reaffirmation, reconfirmation, vindication), перевірка (absence, approof, assay, audit, check, checkup, proof, review, revise). (various references) sự thẩm tra sự xác minh. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | confirmatione, confirmationem. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "verification": verifications. (additional references) | |
| |
"Verification" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: cerification, veriffication, vetrification. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "verification" (pronounced ve'rufukā"shun) |
| 9 | -r u f u k ā" sh u n | purification. |
| 8 | -u f u k ā" sh u n | acidification, amplification, certification, classification, codification, decertification, deification, disqualification, diversification, edification, falsification, fortification, gasification, gratification, identification, intensification, magnification, modification, notification, nullification, ossification, pacification, personification, qualification, quantification, ramification, ratification, recertification, reclassification, rectification, reunification, sanctification, saponification, unification, vilification. |
| 7 | -f u k ā" sh u n | pontification, suffocation. |
| 6 | -u k ā" sh u n | adjudication, advocation, allocation, application, authentication, avocation, communication, complication, convocation, dedication, desiccation, domestication, duplication, education, equivocation, eradication, excommunication, explication, implication, indication, intoxication, invocation, medication, misallocation, misapplication, miscommunication, multiplication, prefabrication, prognostication, provocation, reallocation, rededication, replication, revocation, vindication. |
| 5 | -k ā" sh u n | abdication, altercation, bifurcation, clarification, confiscation, demarcation, detoxication, detoxification, disembarkation, dislocation, echolocation, electrification, embarkation, evocation, fabrication, gentrification, glorification, indemnification, justification, location, lubrication, misidentification, mummification, obfuscation, publication, relocation, simplification, sophistication, specification, syndication, telecommunication, vacation, vocation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, activation, adaptation, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alphabetization, alteration, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authorization, automation, aviation, balkanization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, coagulation, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communization, compensation, compilation, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, divination, documentation, domination, donation, dramatization, duration, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, facilitation, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gastrulation, generalization, generation, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, gradation, graduation, granulation, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indentation, indexation, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, machination, magnetization, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscreation, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, nucleation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, punctuation, quotation, radiation, radicalization, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recitation, reclamation, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, recuperation, redecoration, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanitation, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, specialization, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, summation, superstation, tabulation, taxation, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, vibration, victimization, violation, visitation, visualization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-f-i-i-i-n-o-r-t-v" | |
-1 letter: reification. | |
-2 letters: vociferant. | |
-3 letters: fornicate, fricative. | |
-4 letters: anoretic, artifice, conative, conferva, contrive, creation, eviction, favorite, fraction, friction, inactive, infector, invocate, navicert, notifier, reaction, veronica, victoria, vinifera. | |
-5 letters: aconite, avionic, carotin, centavo, ceratin, certain, citrine, coinfer, cointer, conifer, convert, corvina, corvine, creatin, crinite, enactor, erotica, evictor, faction, fainter, fancier, fiction, fictive, frantic, inciter, inertia, infarct, infract, inviter, invoice, neritic, niftier, noritic, noticer, oneiric, orifice, overact, overfat, tacrine, venatic, vitrain, vitrine. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-f-i-i-i-n-o-r-t-v" | |
+1 letter: verifications, versification. | |
+2 letters: revivification, versifications. | |
+3 letters: devitrification, diversification, revivifications. | |
+4 letters: devitrifications, diversifications. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- . .-. .. ..-. .. -.-. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01100101 01110010 01101001 01100110 01101001 01100011 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V e r i f i c a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0065 0072 0069 0066 0069 0063 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)567184757275696786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Familiar 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Orthography 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
