Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Ventral |
VentralAdjective1. Toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal); "the ventral aspect of the human body"; "the liver is somewhat ventral in position"; "ventral (or pelvic) fins correspond to the hind limbs of a quadruped". 2. (biology) nearest to or facing toward the axis of an organ or organism; "the upper side of a leaf is known as the adaxial surface". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "ventral" was first used: 1739. (references) |
Etymology: Ventral \Ven"tral\, adjective. [Latin expression ventralis, from venter the belly; perhaps akin to German wanst: compare to the French expression ventral.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Aerospace | Pertaining to the belly, or the underside of a vehicle, as ventral camera. (references) |
Health | 1. pertaining to the belly or to any venter. 2. denoting a position more toward the belly surface than some other object of reference; same as anterior in human anatomy. (references) |
Medicine | Towards the abdomen(opposite dorsal). Source: European Union. (references) |
Science | Front, or lower surface; of a thallus, facing towards the substratum. cf. dorsal. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonym: VentralSynonym: adaxial (adj). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: abaxial (adj), dorsal (adj). (additional references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | If some of the tufts on the median ventral brush are attached to the saddle, which encircles the tenth abdominal segment completely, the genus is identified as Psoraphora.Credit: CDC. |  | The important identifying characteristics of a Wyeomyia mosquito larva are that it lacks the median ventral brush and it has comb scales.Credit: CDC. |
 | There may be a row of closely set teeth, or spines on each side of the siphon near the ventral margin, otherwise know as "pectin". Aedes aegypti is a vector for Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), as well as Yellow Fever.Credit: CDC. |  | The eighth terminal segment of the Orthopodomyia larva possesses comb scales, and differs from the Wyeomyia by its closely set tufts of hairs on the ventral side of the tenth abdominal segment, forming the median ventral brush.Credit: CDC. |
 | Wyeomyia larvae have comb scales like the Orthopodomyia larvae, but the median ventral brush is lacking. Members of this genus breed in water held by the leaves of plants.Credit: CDC. |  | Callinectes sapidus. 1. The cast shell of a half-grown male. 2. The ventral surface of a half-grown male. In: "Life History of the Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus" by W. P. Hay. Report of the Bureau of Fisheries 1904. P. 413, Plate I (upper half).Credit: Fisheries. |
 | The introduction of toxins into the marine environment have drastic effects on the organisms that live there. This is an image of a starry flounder, ventral shot, with fin erosion.Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | North Inlet - Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. A very dark color variation of the southern flounder, Paralicthys legostigma. Both sides of this fish are darkly pigmented. Only the head on the ventral side shows the traditional light color.Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
 | Ventral view of the urchin, Heterocentrotus mammilatus.Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |  | Clypeaster reticulatus, cake urchin test, ventral view.Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Then examine the ventral surface. (references) | |
The pallidum is composed of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum. (references) | ||
The striatum is composed of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and ventral striatum. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Ventral" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 98.67% of the time. "Ventral" is used about 300 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 98.67% | 296 | 16,885 |
| Noun (singular) | 1% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.33% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 300 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "ventral": ventral celiotomy ♦ ventral coeliotomy ♦ ventral fin ♦ ventral fins ♦ ventral inlet ♦ ventral nozzle ♦ ventral placentation ♦ ventral segment ♦ Ventral Tegmental Area ♦ Ventral Thalamic Nuclei. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "ventral": dorso-ventral. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
ventral hernia | 94 |
ventral hernia repair | 11 |
ventral | 6 |
epigastric hernia ventral | 5 |
hernia symptom ventral | 4 |
hernias ventral | 4 |
defect septal ventral | 3 |
sac thecal ventral | 3 |
hernia incisional ventral | 3 |
hernia laparoscopic ventral | 3 |
hernia surgery ventral | 2 |
development dorsal mesentery peritoneum ventral | 2 |
fin ventral | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "ventral"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | i përparmë (fore-, former, forward, front, frontal), i barkut (abdominal, antenatal, enteric), barkor (abdominal). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | بطني. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | коремен (abdominal, splanchnic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 腹. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | břišní (abdominal). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | ventral (anterior). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | ventraal (abdominal, anterior). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | واقع برروی شکم , شکمی (Abdominal, Gastric, Uterine). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | ventraalinen (anterior), vatsanpuoleinen (anterior). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | ventral. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | ventral (anterior), Bauch (abdomen, belly, belly (streaky) and cuts of bellies, bowels, bowl, bulge, bunt, gut, middle, paunch, potbelly, stomach, tummy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κοιλιακόσ (abdominal, coeliac), πρόσθιο (anterior). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | בט י (abdominal). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | hasi (abdominal, slink, slink skin). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | ventrale (anterior). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 按腹 (ventral massage). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | あ"ぷく (ventral massage). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 복부 (Abdomen, Abdominal). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | entralvay ventral. (various references) брюшной (abdominal, enteric). (various references) trbušni. (various references) ventral (anterior). (various references) ventral (anterior). (various references) karna ait, karın (abdomen, belly, inside, paunch, pod, stomach, tum, tummy, Venter). (various references) черевний (abdominal, coeliac, enteric), вентральний. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | ventralis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "ventral": ventrally, ventrals. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "ventral": dorsiventral, dorsoventral. (additional references) | |
Words containing "ventral": dorsiventralities, dorsiventrality, dorsiventrally, dorsoventralities, dorsoventrality, dorsoventrally. (additional references) | |
| |
"Ventral" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Dendral, veneral, venta, vental, Ventalin, ventre, vestral, vitral. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "ventral" (pronounced ve"ntrul) |
| 6 | -e" n t r u l | central. |
| 4 | -t r u l | ancestral, astral, austral, minstrel, mistral, mitral, neutral, nostril, orchestral. |
| 3 | -r u l | amoral, antiviral, apparel, aural, auroral, Balmoral, barrel, Beryl, boral, Carle, Carol, carrel, cathedral, cerebral, choral, coral, feral, floral, gambrel, goral, immoral, imperil, integral, intramural, laurel, Loral, moral, mural, neural, octahedral, oral, peril, plural, quarrel, rural, scoundrel, several, Sorel, Sorrel, spiral, sterile, tetrahedral, vertebral, viral, virile. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-l-n-r-t-v" | |
-1 letter: antler, learnt, levant, rental, tavern, travel, varlet, vernal. | |
-2 letters: alert, alter, antre, artel, avert, laten, later, laver, leant, learn, navel, ratel, ravel, raven, renal, taler, trave, valet, velar, venal. | |
-3 letters: ante, aver, earl, earn, elan, etna, lane, late, lave, lean, lear, lent, leva, nave, near, neat, rale, rant, rate, rave, real, rent, tael, tale, tare, tarn, teal, tear, tela, tern, vale, vane, veal, vela, vena, vent, vera, vert. | |
-4 letters: ale, alt, ane, ant, are, art, ate, ave, ear, eat, era, ern, eta, lar, lat, lav, lea, let, lev, nae, net, ran, rat, ret, rev, tae, tan, tar, tav, tea, tel, ten, van, var, vat, vet. | |
-5 letters: ae, al, an, ar, at, el, en, er, et, la, na, ne, re, ta. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-l-n-r-t-v" | |
+1 letter: interval, levanter, relevant, ventrals. | |
+2 letters: avirulent, intervale, intervals, levanters, overplant, prevalent, ravelment, tervalent, traveling, trivalent, ventrally, verdantly. | |
+3 letters: cantilever, interleave, intervales, irrelevant, overmantel, overplants, prevalents, ravelments, relevantly, revealment, revelation, starveling, transvalue, travelling, untraveled, ventilator. | |
+4 letters: advertently, alternative, antislavery, cantilevers, countervail, enteroviral, everlasting, interleaved, interleaves, intervalley, intervallic, inventorial, involucrate, narratively, nonrelative, nonrelevant, normatively, observantly, overinflate, overmantels, overplanted, oversalting, overtalking, prevalently, preventable, revaluating, revaluation, revealments, revelations, reverential, servantless, starvelings, subinterval, surveillant, tetravalent, translative, transvalued, transvalues, transversal, ventilators, ventilatory, ventricular, voluntaries. | |
+5 letters: alternatives, cantilevered, countervails, derivational, dorsiventral, dorsoventral, everlastings, evolutionary, flavoprotein, galvanometer, governmental, infiltrative, interfluvial, interleaving, interpluvial, intervalleys, intervillage, intervocalic, inveterately, irrelevantly, livetrapping, malversation, nonrelatives, overinflated, overinflates, overplanting, providential, quadrivalent, reevaluating, reevaluation, relativizing, revalidating, revalidation, revaluations, revictualing, revitalising, revitalizing, ruminatively, subintervals, surveillants, transitively, transvaluate, transversals, transversely, ultraviolent, universalist, universality, valetudinary, velarization, venerability, ventromedial, verticalness, vespertilian. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 65 6E 74 72 61 6C |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- . -. - .-. .- .-.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01100101 01101110 01110100 01110010 01100001 01101100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V e n t r a l |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0065 006E 0074 0072 0061 006C |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)56718086846778 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Translations: Ancient | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
