Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Variation |
VariationNoun1. An instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change. 2. An activity that varies from a norm or standard; "any variation in his routine was immediately reported". 3. A repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished. 4. Something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "an emery wheel is a modern variant of the grindstone". 5. Something that deviates from a norm or standard. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "variation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
Etymology: Variation \Va`ri*a"tion\, noun. [from Old English expression variatioun, French variation, from Latin expression variatio. See Vary.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | The angle between the magnetic and geographical meridians at any place, expressed in degrees east or west to indicate the direction of magnetic north from true north. Called magnetic variation when a specificity is needed to prevent possible ambiguity. Also called magnetic declination.The angle between the magnetic and grid meridians is called grid variation or grivation. (references) |
Medicine | The occurrence of differences among individuals due to differences in their genetic composition and/or the environment in which they were raised. Source: European Union. (references) |
Military & Defense | The angle between magnetic north and grid north(a). The horizontal angle between the true and magnetic meridians(b). Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | The angle by which the compass needle deviates from the true north; subject to annual, diurnal, and secular changes. Called more properly declination of the needle. See also:declination. (references) |
Transportation | The horizontal angle between the true and magnetic meridians. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In heraldry, variations of the field are any of a number of ways that a field (or a charge) may be covered with a pattern, rather than a flat tincture or a simple division of the field.
Patterning with ordinaries
The diminutives of the ordinaries are frequently employed to vary the field.
When the field is patterned with either six or eight horizontal (fesswise) stripes, this is described as barry of six or eight, with the colour and metal specified, e.g. barry of six argent and gules (this implies that the chiefmost piece is argent). With ten or more pieces, the field is described as barruly.
Composed of pallets, the field is paly; of bendlets and bendlets sinister, bendy and bendy sinister; of chevronels, chevronny.
Note that the number of pieces is always even. A field divided into thirteen vertical stripes, alternating argent and gules, would not be paly of thirteen, argent and gules, but argent, six pallets gules. (This is the lower portion of the shield on the Great Seal of the United States of America; however, the incorrect blazon is usually used anyway, to preserve the reference to the thirteen original colonies.)
If no number of pieces is specified, it may be left up to the heraldic artist (but is still an even number).
When the shield is divided by lines both palewise and bendwise, with the pieces coloured alternately like a chess board, this is paly-bendy; if the diagonal lines are reversed, paly-bendy sinister; if horizontal rather than vertical lines are used, barry-bendy; and mutatis mutandis, barry-bendy sinister.
When the shield is divided by both bendwise and bendwise-sinister lines, creating a field of lozenges (again coloured like a chessboard), the result is lozengy; when divided by palewise and fesswise lines, checquy.
Any of these patterns may be counterchanged by the addition of a division line; for example, barry argent and azure, counterchanged per fess or checquy Or and gules, counterchanged per chevron.
A shield that is divided quarterly and per saltire, forming eight triangular pieces, is gyronny; the first tincture in the blazon is that of the triange in dexter chief. Gyronny can also have more pieces than eight.
The field fretty is composed of bendlets and bendlets-sinister, interleaved over one another to give the impression of a trellis. It may not, strictly speaking, be a variation of the field, since it is depicted as being on the field rather than in it.
Any of the division lines composing the variations of the field above may be blazoned with one of the different line shapes; e.g. paly nebuly of six, Or and sable. One very common use of this is barry wavy azure and argent; this is used to represent, and may be blazoned as, waves of the sea proper.
Semé
When the field (or a charge) is described as semé of a sub-ordinary or other charge, it is depicted as being strewn over with many copies of that charge.
To avoid confusion with a simple use of a large number of the same charge (e.g. Azure, fifteen fleurs-de-lis Or), the charges semé are depicted cut off at the edge of the field.
Most small charges can be depicted as semé, e.g. semé of roses, semé of estoiles, and so forth. In English heraldry, several types of small charges have special terms to refer to their state as semé:
When a field semé is of a metal, the charges strewn on it must be of a colour, and vice versa. The charges semé do not affect the tinctures available for the major charges: they follow the rule of tincture just as they would if the field were not semé.
- semé of fleurs-de-lis: semé-de-lis
- semé of bezants: bezanté
- semé of plates: platé
- semé of billets: billeté
- semé of annulets: annulletty
- semé of sparks: étincellé;
- semé of guttae: gouttée.
The heraldic furs of the ermine family have the form of fields semé, but they are not counted as such.
Diapering
Diapering (covering areas of flat colour with a tracery design when depicting arms) is not considered a variation of the field; it is not specified in blazon, being a decision of the individual artist. A coat depicted with diapering is considered the same as a coat drawn from the same blazon but depicted without diapering.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Variations of the field."
Synonyms: VariationSynonyms: fluctuation (n), variance (n), variant (n), version (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Change | Noun: change, alteration, mutation, permutation, variation, modification, modulation, inflexion, mood, qualification, innovation, metastasis, deviation, turn, evolution, revolution; diversion; break. |
Difference | Noun: difference; variance, variation, variety; diversity, dissimilarity; disagreement; disparity; (inequality); distinction, contradistinction; alteration. modification, permutation, moods and tenses. |
Number | Permutation, combination, variation; election. |
Variation | Noun: variation; alteration; (change). modification, moods and tenses; discrepance, discrepancy. divergency; deviation; aberration; innovation. Verb: vary; (change); deviate; diverge; alternate, swerve. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Oh interesting variation. Usually she remembers what they look like and can't remember their names (Caroline in the City; writing credit: Angela Carneiro) | |
Lyrics | And though there's little variation (Overkill; performing artist: Men At Work) | |
Movie/TV Titles | A Variation on the Key 2 Life (1993) Variation (1983) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Pictured is an ear of corn, the kernels are varied in color. Researchers suggest that retroviruses have additional stretches of DNA that act as switches, turning on genes when inserted next to them in the cell's chromosomes. Similar activation of genes causes the variation in pigmentation of these corn kernels. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Histopathology of lung shows numerous extracellular yeasts of Cryptococcus neoformans within an alveolar space. Yeasts show narrow-base budding and characteristic variation in size. Credit: CDC. |
 | Amongst the Anopheles mosquitoes the venation of their wings remains constant, while the scale patterns undergo variation between Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Anopheles gambiae is the world's most important vector for malarial parasites. Credit: CDC. |  | Magnetic observatory at Little America IV Tent used for absolute observations while center building used for variation. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Latitude observatory at Ukiah, California International program to determine variation of latitude. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Title page to: A physical dissertation, concerning the cause of the variation of the barometer ...., by Jacques de Roubaix. Printed in 1721. Check out note concerning "that it is impossible to find out the longitude"! Library Call Number QC891 .R85 1721. Credit: Treasures of the Library. |
 | North Inlet - Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. A very dark color variation of the southern flounder, Paralicthys legostigma. Both sides of this fish are darkly pigmented. Only the head on the ventral side shows the traditional light color. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Farshot of Bigleaf Lupine, color variation. Credit: John Craig. |
 | Osmotic stress technique as applied to investigation of ionic channel characteristics. In this case a large variation in the molecular mass of the strressing agents is necessary to probe the effective available volume of the channel. Credit: NICHD. |  | Another variation on the spirit of '40. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Variation on Caspar David Frie" by Lukasz Kinalczyk Commentary: "The background different (a calm sea) but the man the same:)." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Charles | I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | But what is to be done in reference to foreigners, depending much upon their actions, and the variation of designs and interests, must be left in great part to the prudence of those, who have this power committed to them, to be managed by the best of their skill, for the advantage of the common-wealth. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The rate of interest shall be 5 per cent. unless the Commission shall determine at some future time that circumstances justify a variation of the rate. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Not a variation of the surface of the ground, not a caprice of architecture, not a curve |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A clinicopathologic study of the variation in corneal edema. (references) | |
Yet another variation is known as MHC Class II Deficiency or Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome. (references) | ||
As Federal participation is capped, the variation can be expected to widen dramatically. (references) | ||
Business | This relatively wide variation can usually be explained by the degree of elaboration of the product. (references) | |
This variation makes the country pleasant and interesting to live in, but it also restricts the summer period to just three or four months. (references) | ||
These local carriers include every variation of carrier, ranging from the U.K. Post Office’s Parcelforce to independent van delivery companies. (references) | ||
Economic History | Spain | A competent agent or distributor considers regional variation when marketing his or her products. (references) |
Benin | A relief map of Benin shows that it has little variation in elevation (average elevation 200 meters). (references) | |
Namibia | About 60% of the whites speak Afrikaans (a variation of Dutch), 30% speak German, and 10% speak English. (references) | |
Trade | Mexico | Documents against acceptance is a slight variation of this method. (references) |
Mexico | A new variation that comes closer to project financing is a Memorandum of Understanding between the EXIM and Mexico's Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Publicos (BANOBRAS, a national development bank). (references) | |
Travel | Cape Verde | Cape Verde has a dry, temperate climate with little temperature variation throughout the year. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | With the other maritime and commercial nations of Europe our intercourse continues with little variation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Variation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.93% of the time. "Variation" is used about 2,707 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.93% | 2,705 | 3,397 |
| Noun (common) | 0.07% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,707 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "variation": angular variation in synchronous generators ♦ Annual variation ♦ Antigenic Variation ♦ Bernoulli variation ♦ binomial variation ♦ coefficient of variation ♦ Contingent Negative Variation ♦ daily variation ♦ diurnal variation ♦ free variation ♦ Geographical variation ♦ geomagnetic secular variation ♦ grid variation ♦ magnetic variation ♦ mean variation ♦ Observer Variation ♦ power output variation ♦ seasonal variation ♦ secular variation ♦ systematic variation ♦ transgressive variation ♦ unexplained variation ♦ Variation (Genetics) ♦ variation compass ♦ variation of pressure ♦ variation of the moon ♦ variation of the needle. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "variation": variation-say, variation-sensitive, variation-variation, variation-writing. | |
Ending with "variation": co-variation, distance-variation, strophic-variation, syntax-variation, time-variation, variation-variation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "variation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | variant (edition, option, variant, version), variacion (variety), ndryshim (alteration, amendment, change, difference, disparity, dissimilarity, dissimilation, dissimilitude, distinction, inflection, inflexion, innovation, manipulation, metamorphosis, modification, mutation, permutation, recast, reversal, reverse, shift, shifting, switch, transit, transition, turn), ndryshesë, luhatje (fluctuation, jarring, oscillation, wabble, wobble). (various references) | |
Arabic | لحن مكرر, تقلب (alteration, change, fickleness, float, fluctuate, fluctuation, flux, inconsistency, inconstancy, levity, oscillate, oscillation, swing, toss, tumble, turn, versatility, vicissitude, welter), تغيير (alteration, change, modification, modulation, revision, transposal), تغير (alter, alteration, change, convert, metamorphose, modify, mutate, mutation, range, set of exchange, shift, shift up, swing, turn, vary, vicissitude), تبديل (alteration, change, commutation, permutation, replacement), الحدور المغنطيسي, الإنحراف (deviation), إختلاف (difference, dissimilarity, distinction, divergence, diversity, otherness, schism, variance), شكل مختلف لشيء ما. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | соло танц, разновидност (diversity, kind, multiformity, multiplicity, species, variety), различие (conflict, difference, dissidence, dissonance, distinction, division, imparity, otherness), разлика (contradistinction, contrast, difference, distance, distinction, excess, inconformity, margin, odds, variance), колебание (demur, dubiety, falter, faltering, fluctuation, hesitance, hesitancy, hesitation, hovel, indecision, oscillation, qualm, quandary, scruple, vacillation, wabble, wavering, wobble), вариация, вариант (variant, version), видоизменение (modification), отклонение (aberration, bias, declination, deflection, deflexion, derivation, detour, deviation, digression, divergence, divergency, diversion, drift, excursion, inflection, inflexion, lapse, ramification, shunt, swerve, turnout), промяна (alteration, change, chop, countermarch, innovation, mutation, permutation, reversal, sea change, shift, transition, transmutation, turn, turnover, variance), изменение (alteration, amendment, change, change over, innovation, mutation, permutation, turn). (various references) | |
Chinese | 變異 , 變奏 , 变异. (various references) | |
Czech | varianta (variant), zmìna (alteration, amendment, break, change, changeover, mutation, relief, revision, shift, transformation, variance, vicissitude), modifikace (alteration, modifications), kolísání (fluctuation, wabble, wobble), úchylka (deviance, deviation, swerve). (various references) | |
Danish | variation (fluctuation). (various references) | |
Dutch | variatie (variety). (various references) | |
Esperanto | variado (change). (various references) | |
Farsi | ناپایداری , وابسته به تغییرودگرگونی , تغییرپذیری , تغییر (Change, Commutation, Conversion, Mutation, Vexation, Vicissitude), اختلاف (Cross, Difference, Discord, Discrepancy, Disparity, Dissension, Friction, Inequality, Quarrel, Schism, Variance, Versatility), دگرگونی (Alteration, Change, Metabolism, Metamorphosis, Mutation, Shakeup, Vicissitude), بی ثباتی (Inconsistency, Instability, Jitter). (various references) | |
Finnish | vaihtelu (alternation, fluctuation, variety). (various references) | |
French | variation, fluctuation. (various references) | |
Frisian | ôfwikseling (alternation, change, variety). (various references) | |
German | Variation (variety), Wechsel (about-face, allowance, alteration, alternation, bill of exchange, change, change over, changes, changing, conversion, draft, exchange, money exchange, move, redemption, rotation, substitution, swap, switch, trail used by wild animals, transfer, transformation, transition), Veränderung (about-face, alteration, change, conversion, diversification, modification, mutation, transformation, variance), Abwandlung (adaptation, modification). (various references) | |
Greek | παραλλαγή (change). (various references) | |
Hebrew | וריאציה, שוני (difference, disparity, variance), שנוי (alteration, change, modification, mutation, revision, shift, studied, turnover), חלוף (ephemeral, exchange, permutation, replacement, reverse), התגונות (changing colour, variegation). (various references) | |
Hungarian | variáció. (various references) | |
Indonesian | variasi, selingan, perbedaan (chasm, contradiction, contrariety, contrast, difference, differentiation, discrimination, disparity, dissent, dissidence, distinction, divergence, diverification). (various references) | |
Italian | variazone (change, variety), variazione (alteration, change, range, variance). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 相違 (difference, discrepancy), 相違 (difference, discrepancy), バベルの塔 (balalaika, balance, balance of power, balance sheet, balcony, ballade, ballast, balloon, Baltic, balun, barber's clippers, Barcelona, baritone, barium, barracks, barreled wine, barricade, barrier, Barriquand et Marre, bawm bawm, Brahman, bulk carrier, bulk line, bulk storage, bulky, bulky sweater, impediment removal, Tower of Babel, value, value analysis, value engineering, variable condensor, variant, variety, variety show, variety store, varistor, vulcanized fiber, vulcanized rubber), ヴァチカン市国 (bolt, valid, valkyrie, valve, vampire, variable, variety, Vatican City State, velocity, vendor, Venus, videotape, viola, vision, vocal, vocalist, voicing, volt, volume, vorpal, wizard), 偏差 (declination, deflection, deviation, drift), 彷徨 (fluctuation, rambling, roaming, wandering), 差 (difference), 変調 (abnormality, anomaly, change of tone, irregularity, modulation), 変異 (rogue), 変型 (variety), 変化 (change), 変化 (alteration, apparition, bugbear, change, conjugation, declension, diversity, ghost, goblin, inflection, metamorphosis, mutation, transfiguration, transformation, transition, variety), 変形 (deformation, deformity, metamorphosis, modification, monster, transformation, variety), 変奏曲 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | バリエーション , ヴァリエーション , そうい (consensus of opinion, difference, discrepancy, original idea, originality, priestly rank, priest's garb, scar, wound), さ (difference, help, make), ほうこう (apprenticeship, aroma, balm, course, direction, emission of light, expulsion from school, fluctuation, fragrance, howl, muzzle, perfume, public duty, rambling, roaming, roar, seamstress, service, tailor, wandering, way, yell), へんそうきょく, へんさ (declination, deflection, deviation, drift), へんか (alteration, change, conjugation, declension, diversity, inflection, metamorphosis, mutation, ode in reply, transfiguration, transformation, transition, variety), へんい (alteration, change, change of position, mutation, rogue, transmutation), へんけい (deformation, deformity, metamorphosis, modification, monster, transformation, variety), へんちょう (abnormality, anomaly, change of tone, irregularity, making too much of, modulation, overestimation, preponderance). (various references) | |
Korean | 변이. (various references) | |
Manx | caghlaa (break in weather, change, interpret, mutate, phase of moon, rotate, substitution, switch; alteration). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ariationvay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | variação (change-over, fluctuation, range, rat, rate, variance, variety). (various references) | |
Romanian | variaţie (chop, gradient, turn, variant), schimbare (about-face, alteration, change, changeableness, chop, conversion, exchange, fluctuation, modification, mutability, mutation, novelty, passage, shift, transformation, unsteadiness, vacillation, variability, variance), oscilaţie (fluctuation, hesitation, oscillation, pendulation, swinging, vacillation, vibration, wavering). (various references) | |
Russian | изменение (alteration, amendment, change, change over, movement, mutation, permutation, reversal, variance). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | variranje (variance), varijacija (variance). (various references) | |
Spanish | variación (change, oscillation, shift, variance). (various references) | |
Swedish | variation (fluctuation, variance, variety), omväxling (alternation, change, diversification, relief, variegation). (various references) | |
Turkish | varyasyon, manyetik sapma, fark (cachet, contradistinction, difference, differentiation, disparity, distinction, distinctness, gap, odds), değişme derecesi, değişim (alteration, change, changing, meta-, metamorphosis, mutation, permutation, switch, turn), çeşitlilik (assortment, distinctness, diversification, diversity, multiplicity, range, variegation, variety), çeşitleme. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | різновид (form, type, variety), варіація, переміна (change). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự thay đổi sự khác nhau, sự sai nhau biến dạng, sự biến đổi (alteration, transmutation). (various references) | |
Welsh | amrywiad (variant). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "variation": variational, variationally, variations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "variation": covariation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "variation": covariations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Variation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aristion, arylation, variantion, variatio, variational. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "variation" (pronounced ve'rēā"shun) |
| 6 | -r ē ā" sh u n | appropriation, creation, expatriation, expropriation, misappropriation, miscreation, procreation, recreation, repatriation. |
| 5 | -ē ā" sh u n | abbreviation, affiliation, alleviation, appreciation, association, aviation, conciliation, delineation, denunciation, depreciation, deviation, differentiation, dissociation, exfoliation, foliation, glaciation, humiliation, initiation, irradiation, mediation, negotiation, nucleation, pronunciation, radiation, reconciliation, remediation, renegotiation, renunciation, repudiation, retaliation, substantiation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, approbation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remuneration, renationalization, renomination, renovation, reorganization, reparation, replication, representation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-i-i-n-o-r-t-v" | |
-1 letter: aviation. | |
-2 letters: antiair, aviator, ovarian, variant, vitrain. | |
-3 letters: antiar, aroint, ration, trivia, viator, virion. | |
-4 letters: antra, aorta, atria, avant, avian, avion, intro, invar, naira, navar, nitro, noria, ratan, ratio, ravin, riant, riata, tiara, torii, train, trona, varia, varna. | |
-5 letters: airn, airt, anoa, anta, anti, aria, arvo, inia, inro, inti, into, iota, iron, naoi, noir, nori. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-i-i-n-o-r-t-v" | |
+1 letter: variations. | |
+2 letters: covariation, gravitation, invalidator, variational, variegation, vaticinator, vibrational. | |
+3 letters: abbreviation, covariations, derivational, divarication, gravitations, invalidators, reactivation, revalidation, valorization, vaporization, variegations, vaticinators, velarization. | |
+4 letters: abbreviations, divarications, gravitational, prevarication, privatization, ratiocinative, reactivations, revaccination, revalidations, valedictorian, valorizations, vaporizations, variationally, velarizations, verbalization, vernalization, vulgarization. | |
+5 letters: derivatization, nonradioactive, prevarications, privatizations, revaccinations, revalorization, revitalization, trivialization, valedictorians, verbalizations, vernalizations, vulgarizations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
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