Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Valued |
ValuedAdjective1. (usually used in combination) having value of a specified kind; "triple-valued". 2. Held in great esteem for admirable qualities especially of an intrinsic nature; "a valued friend". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "valued" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Valuable, Valued. These words are not synonymous; valuable means precious, costly, having value; valued refers to our estimation of the worth. "He is one of our most valued contributors," not valuable, unless you are thinking of the value of his contributions and the smallness of the compensation. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Crosswords: Valued |
| English words defined with "valued": valued at. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "valued": BRADSTREET ♦ Dee ♦ Hide of Land, Historically valued asset ♦ Inscription, integer polyhedron ♦ Koh-i-Nur ♦ Legs, Liar, Live Free Or Die! ♦ merchandise exports-constant 1987 US dollars, merchandise exports-US dollars, merchandise imports-constant 1987 US dollars, merchandise imports-US dollars, mining property, multi-valued decision ♦ Nose-jewels ♦ Oamaru stone, Oriental ruby ♦ Poille, point biserial correlation, present value cost ♦ quantal response ♦ SABAL ALLENII ♦ true ruby ♦ Valued Environmental Attributes/Components, Vote. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Child of the kindly west, I have come to know: if more of us valued your ways, food and cheer, above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world. (The Hobbit; writing credit: J.R.R. Tolkien; Romeo Muller) I have always valued my lifelessness. (Return to Oz; writing credit: L. Frank Baum; Gill Dennis) I believe we paid $35,000. But if I remember correctly, the insurance company valued it at $50,000. You see, Mortimer? (Trading Places; writing credit: Timothy Harris; Herschel Weingrod) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Benjamin Franklin | One good husband is worth two good wives, for the scarcer things are, the more they are valued. |
Emily Bronte | Any relic of the dead is precious, if they were valued living. |
Jean De La Bruyere | We are valued in this world at the rate we desire to be valued. |
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe | Excellence is rarely found, more rarely valued. |
Miguel De Cervantes | That which costs little is less valued. |
Samuel Adams | The truth is, all might be free if they valued freedom, and defended it as they ought. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Whence it is plain, that at least a great part of the land lay in common; that the inhabitants valued it not, nor claimed property in any more than they made use of. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | The merchants valued him not less than we, his esoteric friends. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Hence, treatment programs need to address these families, at the same time that such strategies may not be highly valued because of budgetary cuts. The Alzheimer's Association continues to play a major advocacy role for families, and may expand their role in the development of clinical care programs and service provision in response to managed care initiatives. (references) | |
Business | One estimate valued this project at US$120 million. (references) | |
In 1999, import of chemicals to Slovakia was valued at USD 36 Million. (references) | ||
The hand tool market is valued at $250 million at retail selling prices. (references) | ||
Economic History | Israel | Israel's food market is valued at an estimated $12 billion. (references) |
Burma | Thailand ranked third with 49 projects valued at $1.29 billion. (references) | |
Croatia | Additional procurements are valued at approximately $35 million. (references) | |
Political Economy | FINLAND | Finland is purchasing fighter aircraft and associated equipment valued at $3.35 billion from U.S. suppliers. (references) |
Dominica | The manufacture of soaps, toiletries, and cardboard boxes fell significantly during the year, while the production of higher valued dental cream rose by over 4 percent. (references) | |
ISRAEL | Some Israeli government entities notify the U.S. government of tenders valued at over $50,000 but many do not, and the notices that are received frequently carry short deadlines and are often only in Hebrew. (references) | |
Trade | Bolivia | Collateral requirements for all but the most valued clients are very high. (references) |
Bulgaria | Form EUR 2 should also be included if the shipment is valued below ECU 5,110. (references) | |
Argentina | By late November 1998, operations valued at $8 million had taken place in this zone. (references) | |
Travel | Switzerland | Punctuality, particularly in German-speaking areas, is highly valued. (references) |
Oman | Politeness is highly valued; blunt statements should be recast into constructive, balanced terms. (references) | |
Sri Lanka | Courtesy is highly valued in Sri Lanka, and personal graciousness plays a major role in clinching deals. (references) | |
Women | Pakistan | In general female children are less valued and cared for than are male children. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | VOTE, n. The instrument and symbol of a freeman's power to make a fool of himself and a wreck of his country. W W (double U) has, of all the letters in our alphabet, the only cumbrous name, the names of the others being monosyllabic. This advantage of the Roman alphabet over the Grecian is the more valued after audibly spelling out some simple Greek word, like epixoriambikos. Still, it is now thought by the learned that other agencies than the difference of the two alphabets may have been concerned in the decline of "the glory that was Greece" and the rise of "the grandeur that was Rome." There can be no doubt, however, that by simplifying the name of W (calling it "wow," for example) our civilization could be, if not promoted, at least better endured. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | America, at its best, is a place where personal responsibility is valued and expected. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Valued" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 60.93% of the time. "Valued" is used about 969 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 60.93% | 590 | 10,773 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 23.61% | 229 | 19,864 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 15.46% | 150 | 25,701 |
| Total | 100.00% | 969 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "valued". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Timotheus | N/A | Biblical | Valued of God |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "valued": Historically valued asset ♦ valued at ♦ valued friend ♦ valued policy ♦ valued suggestion. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "valued": valued-based, Valued-policy law. | |
Ending with "valued": distribution-valued, integer-valued, much-valued, over-valued, under-valued. | |
Containing "valued": One-valued function, two-valued logic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
by hobbyist most valued | 50 |
by valued | 33 |
valued | 12 |
valued policy | 9 |
guest valued | 4 |
rx.com valued | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "valued"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | i respektuar (honored, honoured, reputable, respectable, venerable), i çmuar (precious, rich, valuable). (various references) | |
Arabic | موضع التقدير, موضع الإحترام. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | оценен (priced). (various references) | |
Chinese | 重视 (Valuing). (various references) | |
Czech | drahocenný (precious, valuable). (various references) | |
Danish | værdien af produkter forbrugt som rå-og hjælpestoffer,der enkeltvis værdiansættes i basispriser,men samlet i køberpriser (but their total is valued at purchasers'prices, costs of products used as intermediate inputs.Individually, they are valued at basic prices), værdiansat som ny (valued as original), værdi-accepteret police (agreed value policy, valued policy), udtrykt i markedspriser (valued at market prices), takseret police (agreed value policy, valued policy), dyrke, frembringe, fremstille, eller udbyde til salg de varer, der vaerdiansaettes (manufacture or offer the goods to be valued, produce, to grow). (various references) | |
Dutch | waarde zoals in de oorspronkelijke polis getaxeerd (valued as original), kosten van de produkten opgenomen in het intermediair verbruik.Afzonderlijk worden zij gewaardeerd tegen voortbrengingsprijzen en te zamen tegen aankoopprijzen (but their total is valued at purchasers'prices, costs of products used as intermediate inputs.Individually, they are valued at basic prices), goederen naar historische kostprijs (Historically valued asset), gewaardeerd tegen marktprijzen (valued at market prices), getaxeerde-waardepolis (agreed value policy, valued policy), de goederen waarvan de douanewaarde wordt bepaald telen, voortbrengen, vervaardigen of te koop aanbieden (manufacture or offer the goods to be valued, produce, to grow). (various references) | |
Finnish | arvossapidetty (esteemed, respected). (various references) | |
French | précieux (valuable), estimé. (various references) | |
German | lieb (beloved, brave, cute, dear, dearly, endearing, expensive, kind, kindly, lovely, nice, pleasant, sweet, valuable, welcome), hochgeschätzt, geschätzt (appraised, appreciated, rough, roughly, valved). (various references) | |
Greek | πολύτιμοσ (precious, valuable). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מוערך (appraised, assessed, estimated). (various references) | |
Hungarian | felbecsült. (various references) | |
Italian | valutato (appraises, assessed, rough, roughly), stimato, apprezzato (appreciated). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 取って置き (object set aside or held in reserve, the best). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | とっておき (object set aside or held in reserve, the best). (various references) | |
Korean | 평가하" (Appreciated, ranked). (various references) | |
Manx | priosit, leagharagh (precious, valuable). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | aluedvay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | valioso (noble, rich, valid, valuable), estimado (dear), avaliado (measured), apreciado. (various references) | |
Romanian | preţuit, preţios (affected, bombastic, costly, dear, euphuistic, flatulent, golden, grandiose, mincing, namby-pamby, niminy-piminy, ornate, precious, valuable). (various references) | |
Russian | ценный (costly, dear, estimable, of value, treasurable, valuable). (various references) | |
Scottish | measail (esteemed, respected, worthy). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | dragocen (cherished, precious, valuable). (various references) | |
Spanish | valorado, preciado, cotizado (in demand, sought after), apreciado. (various references) | |
Swedish | värderad. (various references) | |
Turkish | saygın (commanding, decent, esteemed, honorable, honourable, important, notable, prestigious, reputable, respectable), kıymetli (dear, pet, precious, valuable), değerli (costly, dear, deserving, dignified, estimable, meritorious, precious, rich, Valent, valuable, well-beloved, worthy). (various references) | |
Ukranian | цінний (costly, estimable, rich, valuable, wealthy). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | quý (precious, preciously, term), được quý trọng, được chuộng. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | cari, cariae, carior, caris, carissima, carissimam, carissime, carissimi, carissimis, carissimo, carissimos, carissimum, carissimus, caro, carum, pensus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 19, Verse 19 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Ikanoi de twn ta perierga praxantwn sunenegkanteV taV biblouV katekaion enwpion pantwn kai suneyhfisan taV timaV autwn kai euron arguriou muriadaV pente |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Multi autem ex his qui fuerant curiosa sectati contulerunt libros et conbuserunt coram omnibus et conputatis pretiis illorum invenerunt pecuniam denariorum quinquaginta milium |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And manye of them that sueden curiouse thingis, brouyten togidere bookis, and brenneden hem bifor alle men; and whanne the prices of tho weren acountid, thei founden monei of fifti thousynd pens; |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Many of the which vsed curious craftes brought their bokes and burned the before all men and they counted the price of the and foude it fifty thousande silverlynges. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Many also of them who used curious arts, brought their books together, and burned them before all men; and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And a great number of those who were experts in strange arts took their books and put them on the fire in front of everyone: and when the books were valued they came to fifty thousand bits of silver. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 19, Verse 19 |
| Albanian | Shumë nga ata që ishin marrë me magji i sollën librat dhe i dogjën përpara të gjithëve; dhe, mbasi e llogaritën çmimin e tyre, gjetën se ishin pesëdhjetë mijë pjesë argjendi. |
| Bulgarian | И като свърши това, Павел чрез "уха стори намерение да отиде в Ерусалим след като обиколи Македония и Ахаия, казвайки: като постоя там, трябва да видя и им. |
| Cebuano | Ug daghan sa mga naghimog mga pagpanglamat kanhi, mipundok sa ilang mga basahon ug kini ilang gisunog sa atubangan sa tanan; ug ilang gikuwenta ang bili niining tanan ug ilang nasuta nga kini mikabat sa kalim-an ka libo ka mga salapi. |
| Chinese | 平 行 邪 " 的 、 也 有 許 多 人 把 書 拿 來 、 積 在 眾 人 面 前 焚 ' ． 他 們 算 計 書 價 、 便 知 " 共 合 " 萬 塊 錢 。 |
| Croatian | I podosta onih koji su se bavili praznovjerjem donosili su knjige i spaljivali ih pred svima. Procijeniše ih te naðoše da vrijede pedeset tisuæa srebrnjaka. |
| Danish | Men mange af dem, som havde drevet Trolddom, bare deres Bøger sammen og opbrændte dem for alles Øjne; og man beregnede deres Værdi og fandt dem halvtredsindstyve Tusinde Sølvpenge værd. |
| Dutch | Velen ook dergenen, die ijdele kunsten gepleegd hadden, brachten de boeken bijeen, en verbrandden ze in aller tegenwoordigheid; en berekenden de waarde derzelve, en bevonden vijftig duizend zilveren penningen. |
| Finnish | Ja useat niistä, jotka olivat taikuutta harjoittaneet, kantoivat kirjansa kokoon ja polttivat ne kaikkien nähden; ja kun niiden arvo laskettiin yhteen, huomattiin sen olevan viisikymmentä tuhatta hopearahaa. |
| French | Et un certain nombre de ceux qui avaient exercé les arts magiques, ayant apporté leurs livres, les brûlèrent devant tout le monde: on en estima la valeur cinquante mille pièces d`argent. |
| German | Viele aber, die da vorwitzige Kunst getrieben hatten, brachten die Bücher zusammen und verbrannten sie öffentlich und überrechneten, was sie wert waren, und fanden des Geldes fünfzigtausend Groschen. |
| Haitian Creole | Te gen anpil ladan yo ki te konn pratike maji, yo pote liv yo, yo boule yo devan tout moun. Dapre kalkil yo te fè, te gen liv pou desansenkantmil (250.000) goud antou. |
| Hungarian | Sokan pedig azok közül, kik ördögi mesterségeket gyakoroltak, könyveiket összehordva, mindeneknek láttára megégetik vala. És összeszámlálák azoknak árát, és találák ötvenezer ezüstpénznek. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Dan mereka yang biasa menjalankan ilmu guna-guna, mengumpulkan buku-buku mereka dan membakarnya di hadapan orang banyak. Harga buku-buku itu kalau dijumlahkan semuanya ada kira-kira lima puluh ribu uang perak. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Bahkan, beberapa banyak orang yang sudah mengamalkan segala hikmat yang ganjil itu menghimpunkan sekalian pestaka, lalu dibakar di hadapan orang sekalian; dan dijumlahkan harganya sekira-kira lima puluh ribu keping perak. |
| Italian | e un numero considerevole di persone che avevano esercitato le arti magiche portavano i propri libri e li bruciavano alla vista di tutti. Ne fu calcolato il valore complessivo e trovarono che era di cinquantamila dramme d'argento. |
| Korean | 또 마 을 행 하 던 많 은 사 람 이 그 책 을 모 아 가 지 와 서 모 " 사 람 앞 에 서 불 사 르 니 그 책 ' 을 계 산 한 즉 은 오 만 이 나 되 " 라 |
| Latvian | Bet daudzi no tiem, kas nodarbojâs ar mâòticîbu, sanesa grâmatas un visu priekðâ sadedzinâja. Noteicot to vçrtîbu, atrada, ka tâ ir piecdesmit tûkstoðu denâriju. |
| Maori | He tokomaha ano o te hunga i mahi i nga mahi tinihanga, i huihui i a ratou pukapuka, a tahuna ana i te aroaro o te katoa: a ka taua nga utu o aua pukapuka, ka kitea e rima tekau mano hiriwa. |
| Modern Greek | ολλοι δε και εξ εκεινων, οιτινες εκαμνον τας μαγειας, φεροντες τα βιβλια αυτων κατεκαιον ενωπιον παντων· και αριθμησαντες τας τιμας αυτων, ευρον πεντηκοντα χιλιαδας αργυριου. |
| Norwegian | Og en stor hop av dem som hadde drevet med utillatelige kunster, bar sine bøker sammen og brente dem op for alles øine; og de regnet ut deres verdi og fant at den var femti tusen sølvpenninger. |
| Portuguese | Muitos também dos que tinham praticado artes mágicas ajuntaram os seus livros e os queimaram na presença de todos; e, calculando o valor deles, acharam que montava a cinqüenta mil moedas de prata. |
| Rumanian | Wi unii din cei ce fqcuserq vrqjitorii, wi-au adus cqryile, wi le-au ars, knaintea tuturor: preyul lor s`a socotit la cincizeci de mii de arginyi. |
| Shuar | Tura Untsurí uwishniumawarmia nu, wawekratai Papí ármia nuna itiarmiayi. Itiar, juka iniaiyaji tusar, Ashí iimiainiain aesawarmiayi. Nú Papí aesawarmia nuna Kuítrisha senkuenta mir (50.000) nankaamasauyayi. |
| Spanish | Asimismo, un buen número de los que habían practicado la magia trajeron sus libros y los quemaron delante de todos. Calcularon su valor y hallaron que era de 50.000 monedas de plata. |
| Swahili | Wengine waliokuwa wameshughulikia mambo ya uchawi hapo awali, walikusanya vitabu vyao, wakavichoma mbele ya wote. Walikisia gharama ya vitabu hivyo, wakaona yafikia vipande vya fedha elfu hamsini. |
| Swedish | Och ganska många av dem som hade övat vidskepliga konster samlade ihop sina böcker och brände upp dem i allas åsyn. Och när man räknade tillsammans vad böckerna voro värda, fann man att värdet uppgick till femtio tusen silverpenningar*. |
| Thai | และหลายคนที่ใช้เวทมนตร์ไ"้เอาตำราของตนมาเผาเสียต่อหน้าคนทั้งปวง ตำราเหล่านั้นคิ"เป็นราคาถึงห้าหมื่นเหรียญเงิน |
| Ukrainian | І багато-хто з тих, що займалися чарами, позносили книги свої та й перед усіма попалили. І злічили ціну їх, і вийшло на срібло п'ятдесят тисяч драхм. |
| Uma | Wori' -ra to ria pake' -ra mpokeni buku-buku pake' -ra, rarumpu pai' rasuwe hi mata ntodea. Oli buku pake' -ra tohe'e ane rarumpu, ria nte lima mpulu' ncobu doi pera'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words ending with "valued": devalued, disvalued, misvalued, outvalued, overvalued, revalued, transvalued, undervalued, unvalued. (additional references) | |
| |
"Valued" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: evalued, vagued, valed, valeted, valeur, valide, vallee, valuted, valved, Vaudey, Volpedo. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "valued" (pronounced va"lyuwd) |
| 6 | v a" l y uw d | revalued. |
| 4 | -l y uw d | overvalued, undervalued. |
| 3 | -y uw d | argued, continued, discontinued, rescued. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-d-e-l-u-v" | |
-1 letter: laved, uveal, value. | |
-2 letters: auld, dale, deal, deva, dual, duel, lade, laud, lave, lead, leud, leva, lude, ulva, uvea, vale, veal, vela, veld. | |
-3 letters: ale, ave, dal, del, dev, due, eau, eld, lad, lav, lea, led, leu, lev, luv, vau. | |
-4 letters: ad, ae, al, de, ed, el, la. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-d-e-l-u-v" | |
+1 letter: avulsed, devalue, vaulted. | |
+2 letters: devalued, devalues, disvalue, ovulated, revalued, unhalved, unvalued, valuated. | |
+3 letters: boulevard, devaluate, devaluing, disvalued, disvalues, eluviated, evaluated, flavoured, laudative, misvalued, outvalued, unraveled, unrivaled, victualed. | |
+4 letters: autoclaved, boulevards, cultivated, devaluated, devaluates, illuviated, outcaviled, outrivaled, overhauled, overvalued, revaluated, undervalue, unleavened, unravelled, unrevealed, unrivalled, untraveled, vacuolated, vaudeville, victualled, visualised, visualized, vulcanised, vulcanized, vulgarised, vulgarized. | |
+5 letters: curveballed, devaluating, devaluation, diverticula, duplicative, elucidative, outcavilled, outrivalled, reevaluated, revictualed, transvalued, unadvisedly, unavoidable, undervalued, undervalues, unevaluated, vaudevilles, vesiculated. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 61 6C 75 65 64 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- .- .-.. ..- . -.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01100001 01101100 01110101 01100101 01100100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V a l u e d |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0061 006C 0075 0065 0064 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)566778877170 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Familiar 6. Quotations: Historic 7. Quotations: Fiction 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Derived from 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Bible Trace | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
