Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Valency |
ValencyNoun1. The phenomenon of forming chemical bonds. 2. (biology) a relative capacity to unite or react or interact as with antigens or a biological substrate. 3. (chemistry) a property of atoms or radicals; their combining power given in terms of the number of hydrogen atoms (or the equivalent). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Valency See degree. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Chemistry | The number of hydrogen atoms that a particular atom will combine with or displace. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The charge of an ion expressed as the number of elementary charges which it carries and which take part in the reaction considered. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Combining power. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
See also: Chemical affinity, oxidation number
List of valencies for the first 103 elements in order of atomic number:
| Atomic number | Name of element | Valency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hydrogen | 1 | ||
| 2 | Helium | 0 | ||
| 3 | Lithium | 1 | ||
| 4 | Beryllium | 2 | ||
| 5 | Boron | 3 | ||
| 6 | Carbon | 2, 4 | ||
| 7 | Nitrogen | 3, 5 | ||
| 8 | Oxygen | 2 | ||
| 9 | Fluorine | 1 | ||
| 10 | Neon | 0 | ||
| 11 | Sodium | 1 | ||
| 12 | Magnesium | 2 | ||
| 13 | Aluminium | 3 | ||
| 14 | Silicon | 4 | ||
| 15 | Phosphorus | 3, 5 | ||
| 16 | Sulfur | 2, 4, 6 | ||
| 17 | Chlorine | 1, 3, 5, 7 | ||
| 18 | Argon | 0 | ||
| 19 | Potassium | 1 | ||
| 20 | Calcium | 3, 5 | ||
| 21 | Scandium | 3 | ||
| 22 | Titanium | 3, 4 | ||
| 23 | Vanadium | 2, 3, 4, 5 | ||
| 24 | Chromium | 2, 3, 6 | ||
| 25 | Manganese | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 | ||
| 26 | Iron | 2, 3 | ||
| 27 | Cobalt | 2, 3 | ||
| 28 | Nickel | 2, 3 | ||
| 29 | Copper | 1, 2 | ||
| 30 | Zinc | 2 | ||
| 31 | Gallium | 2, 3 | ||
| 32 | Germanium | 4 | ||
| 33 | Arsenic | 3, 5 | ||
| 34 | Selenium | 2, 4, 6 | ||
| 35 | Bromine | 1, 3, 5, 7 | ||
| 36 | Krypton | 0 | ||
| 37 | Rubidium | 1 | ||
| 38 | Strontium | 2 | ||
| 39 | Yttrium | 3 | ||
| 40 | Zirconium | 4 | ||
| 41 | Niobium | 3, 5 | ||
| 42 | Molybdenum | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ||
| 43 | Technetium | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 | ||
| 44 | Ruthenium | 3, 4, 6, 8 | ||
| 45 | Rhodium | 3, 4 | ||
| 46 | Palladium | 2, 4 | ||
| 47 | Silver | 1 | ||
| 48 | Cadmium | 2 | ||
| 49 | Indium | 1, 3 | ||
| 50 | Tin | 2, 4 | ||
| 51 | Antimony | 3, 5 | ||
| 52 | Tellurium | 2, 4, 6 | ||
| 53 | Iodine | 1, 3, 5, 7 | ||
| 54 | Xenon | 0 | ||
| 55 | Caesium | 1 | ||
| 56 | Barium | 2 | ||
| 57 | Lanthanum | 3 | ||
| 58 | Cerium | 3, 4 | ||
| 59 | Praseodymium | 3 | ||
| 60 | Neodymium | 3 | ||
| 61 | Promethium | 3 | ||
| 62 | Samarium | 2, 3 | ||
| 63 | Europium | 2, 3 | ||
| 64 | Gadolinium | 3 | ||
| 65 | Terbium | 3 | ||
| 66 | Dysprosium | 3 | ||
| 67 | Holmium | 3 | ||
| 68 | Erbium | 3 | ||
| 69 | Thulium | 2, 3 | ||
| 70 | Ytterbium | 2, 3 | ||
| 71 | Lutetium | 3 | ||
| 72 | Hafnium | 4 | ||
| 73 | Tantalum | 3, 5 | ||
| 74 | Tungsten | 2, 4, 5, 6 | ||
| 75 | Rhenium | 1, 4, 7 | ||
| 76 | Osmium | 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 | ||
| 77 | Iridium | 3, 4 | ||
| 78 | Platinum | 2, 4 | ||
| 79 | Gold | 1, 3 | ||
| 80 | Mercury | 1, 2 | ||
| 81 | Thallium | 1, 3 | ||
| 82 | Lead | 2, 4 | ||
| 83 | Bismuth | 3, 5 | ||
| 84 | Polonium | 2, 3, 4 | ||
| 85 | Astatine | 1, 3, 5, 7 | ||
| 86 | Radon | 0 | ||
| 87 | Francium | 1 | ||
| 88 | Radium | 2 | ||
| 89 | Actinium | 3 | ||
| 90 | Thorium | 4 | ||
| 91 | Protactinium | 4, 5 | ||
| 92 | Uranium | 3, 4, 5, 6 | ||
| 93 | Neptunium | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ||
| 94 | Plutonium | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ||
| 95 | Americium | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ||
| 96 | Curium | 2, 3, 4 | ||
| 97 | Berkelium | 2, 3, 4 | ||
| 98 | Californium | 2, 3, 4 | ||
| 99 | Einsteinium | 2, 3 | ||
| 100 | Fermium | 2, 3 | ||
| 101 | Mendelevium | 2, 3 | ||
| 102 | Nobelium | 2, 3 | ||
| 103 | Lawrencium | 3 | ||
Synonym: ValencySynonym: valence (n). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: valencies (medicineelectrical engineeringchemistry). |
Crosswords: Valency |
| English words defined with "valency": Valencies. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "valency": aromatics ♦ electrolytic reduction. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Valency" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 96.67% of the time. "Valency" is used about 30 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 96.67% | 29 | 64,444 |
| Noun (proper) | 3.33% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 30 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "valency": valency bond. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "valency": high-valency. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
maurice valency | 34 |
valency | 4 |
furniture maurice valency | 4 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "valency"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | valencë (Valence). (various references) | |
Arabic | تكافؤ بالكيمياء (valence), التكافؤ (valence). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | валенция, валентност (atomicity, basicity). (various references) | |
Chinese | 化学价 (valence, Valencies). (various references) | |
Czech | mocenství (Valence). (various references) | |
Danish | valens. (various references) | |
Dutch | valentie, waardigheid (dignity, value, worth). (various references) | |
Finnish | valenssi, atomiarvo. (various references) | |
French | valence (Valence, Valencia). (various references) | |
German | Wertigkeit (valence), Valenz (valence). (various references) | |
Greek | σθένος (sinew). (various references) | |
Hebrew | ערכיות. (various references) | |
Hungarian | vegyérték (partial valence, Valence). (various references) | |
Italian | valenza (Valence). (various references) | |
Korean | 원자가 (valence, Valencies). (various references) | |
Manx | fioose (fuse, valence), ablid chianglee (valence). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | alencyvay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | valência (Valence). (various references) | |
Romanian | valenţã (Valence). (various references) | |
Russian | валентный, валентность (atomicity, basicity, valence). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | valencija (bond, valence), hemijska valenca (valence). (various references) | |
Spanish | valencia (Valence, Valencia). (various references) | |
Swedish | valens (basicity, Valence), atomvärde (Valence). (various references) | |
Turkish | değerlik (Valence), birleşme değeri (Valence), bağdeğer (Valence). (various references) | |
Ukranian | валентність (atomicity, basicity). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "valency": covalency, equivalency. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "valency" (pronounced 'Val"en*cy'): Abbacy, Abeyancy, Abhorrency, Absorbency, Abstinency, Acceptancy, Accordancy, Accountancy, Accumbency, Accuracy, Acquiescency, Acritochromacy, Adequacy, Adherency, Adjutancy, Adolescency, Advocacy, Aeromancy, Affluency, Agency, Aldermancy, Alectoromancy, Alectryomancy, Aleuromancy, Alliciency, Alomancy, Al-phitomancy, Alternacy, -ancy, Antecedency, Anthracomancy, Anthropomancy, Apparency, Appellancy, Appetency, Applicancy, Archiepiscopacy, Ardency, ARISTOCRACY, Arithmancy, Arithmomancy, Arrogancy, Aruspicy, Ascendency, Assurgency, Astragalomancy, Astringency, Athermancy, Attendancy, Austromancy, Autocracy, Axinomancy, Bankruptcy, Baronetcy, Belomancy, Benignancy, Bibliomancy, Bivalency, Blatancy, Botanomancy, Brevetcy, Brillancy, Buoyancy, Bureaucracy, Cadency, Candidacy, Capnomancy, Captaincy, Cartomancy, Catoptromancy, Cecutiency, Celibacy, Centripetency, Ceromancy, Chaomancy, Chaplaincy, Chartomancy, Chiromancy, Circumambiency, Clemency, Cleromancy, Cliency, Coadjuvancy, Coagency, Coefficacy, Coefficiency, Cogency, Coincibency, Colluctancy, Colonelcy, Commorancy, Compliancy, Complicacy, Concludency, Concordancy, Concubinacy, Concurrency, Congeneracy, Congruency, Connivency, Conservancy, Conspiracy, Constancy, Constituency, Contingency, Contumacy, Conversancy, Cornetcy, Correspondency, Coscinomancy, Couchancy, Crystallomancy, Curacy, Currency, Dactyliomancy, Dactylomancy, Dancy, Daphnomancy, Decency, Decipiency, Deficiency, Degeneracy, Delegacy, Delicacy, Delinquency, Deliracy, Delirancy, Delitescency, Demency, Democracy, Demonocracy, Dependency, Depopulacy, Despiciency, Despondency, Detergency, Determinacy, Diffidency, Diligency, Diplomacy, Disappendency, Disconsolacy, Discumbency, Disfancy, Disobediency, Displacency, Dissonancy, Distancy, Docimacy, Dormancy, Doulocracy, Dubitancy, Durancy, Effeminacy, Efficacy, Efflorescency, Effluency, Electro-thermancy, Emergency, Eminency, -ency, Enoptomancy, Ensigncy, Episcopacy, Equipendency, Equitancy, Equivalency, Equivocacy, Errancy, Esnecy, Excellency, Excrescency, Exigency, Existency, Exsiliency, Extacy, Extancy, Extravagancy, Extuberancy, Exuberancy, Fallacy, Fallency, Farcy, Feculency, Fermacy, fervency, Flagrancy, fleecy, flippancy, fluency, frequency, Fritinancy, Fugacy, Fulgency, Gastromancy, Geomancy, Gerontocracy, Gramercy, Gunocracy, Gynecocracy, Gyneocracy, Gynocracy, Gyromancy, Habiitancy, Hagiocracy, Haruspicy, hesitancy, Heterocercy, Hierocracy, Hieromancy, Homocercy, hydromancy, Ichthyomancy, icy, Idiocracy, idiocy, Idiotcy, illegitimacy, illiteracy, Imitancy, immediacy, Immoderacy, Immoderancy, Impatiency, Impeccancy, impenitency, Impertinency, Impolicy, Importancy, Importunacy, Impudency, inaccuracy, inadequacy, Incalescency, incessancy, Incidency, inclemency, Inconsideracy, inconsistency, inconstancy, Inconveniency, incumbency, indecency, Indeficiency, indelicacy, independency, Indifferency, Indigency, Indistancy, Indolency, Indulgency, inefficacy, inefficiency, inerrancy, INFANCY, Inmacy, Innitency, Innocency, Inordinacy, Insignificancy, Insitency, Insolency, insolvency, instancy, insufficiency, Intelligency, Intemperancy, Intendancy, Interagency, interdependency, Interluency, Intermediacy, Interregency, Intestacy, INTIMACY, Intolerancy, intricacy, Inveteracy, Inviolacy, Irregeneracy, Irrelavancy, Itineracy, Itinerancy, Jactancy, Jesuitocracy, Joyancy, juicy, Kakistocracy, Lasciviency, latency, Latitancy, Lecanomancy, legacy, legitimacy, Leucophlegmacy, Liegiancy, lieutenancy, Liquescency, literacy, lithomancy, Lucency, lunacy, Luxuriancy, Macilency, magistracy, Maledicency, -mancy, Manutenency, mediacy, mendicancy, mercy, Meteoromancy, Metopomancy, militancy, Ministracy, Mispolicy, Mobocracy, monocracy, Mordicancy, Mugiency, Myomancy, Nascency, Necromancy, Neocracy, Nomancy, Nomocracy, Nonproficiency, Nonsolvency, normalcy, Obduracy, Obeisancy, Observancy, Obstancy, Obstetricy, Obstinacy, Occupancy, Ochlocracy, Omnipresency, Omnisciency, Omphalomancy, Oneiromancy, onomancy, Onomomancy, Onychomancy, Ophiomancy, Opponency, Oppugnancy, Optimacy, Opulency, Oriency, Ornithomancy, Orphancy, Oscillancy, Oscitancy, pancy, Pantisocracy, Papacy, Parturiency, Patency, Peccancy, Pedantocracy, Pedomancy, Pegomancy, Pendency, Penitency, Pernancy, Perspicacy, Pervicacy, Pharmacy, Piquancy, piracy, Plangency, Plantocracy, Pliancy, Plutocracy, Poignancy, Polycracy, Polypharmacy, Populacy, Potency, Potentacy, Predisponency, Predominancy, Preexistency, Prefulgency, Pregnancy, Prejudicacy, Prelacy, Preoccupancy, Prepotency, Presidency, Prevalency, Prevenancy, Primacy, Privacy, Probacy, Procuracy, Profligacy, Prolificacy, Propendency. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-l-n-v-y" | |
-2 letters: calve, clave, clean, lacey, lance, leavy, lycea, navel, vealy, venal. | |
-3 letters: acne, acyl, alec, cane, cave, cavy, clan, clay, cyan, elan, envy, lace, lacy, lane, lave, lean, leva, levy, nave, navy, vale, vane, veal, vela, vena, yean. | |
-4 letters: ace, ale, ane, any, ave, aye, can, cay, cel, lac, lav, lay, lea, lev, ley, lye, nae, nay, vac, van, yea, yen. | |
-5 letters: ae, al, an, ay, el, en, la, na, ne, ya, ye. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-l-n-v-y" | |
+1 letter: cravenly. | |
+2 letters: covalency, relevancy. | |
+3 letters: cavalrymen, covalently, inactively. | |
+4 letters: cavernously, conceivably, equivalency, irrelevancy, polyvalence. | |
+5 letters: clairvoyance, conventually, inchoatively, indicatively, polyvalences, vernacularly. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 61 6C 65 6E 63 79 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- .- .-.. . -. -.-. -.--. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01100001 01101100 01100101 01101110 01100011 01111001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V a l e n c y |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0061 006C 0065 006E 0063 0079 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)56677871806991 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Derivations 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
