Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Usage

Definition: Usage

Usage

Noun

1. The act of using; "the steps were worn from years of use".

2. Accepted or habitual practice.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "usage" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references)

Etymology: Usage \Us"age\, noun. [French expression usage, Late Latin expression usaticum. See Use.]. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Usage

DomainDefinition

Satire

USAGE, n. The First Person of the literary Trinity, the Second and Third being Custom and Conventionality. Imbued with a decent reverence for this Holy Triad an industrious writer may hope to produce books that will live as long as the fashion. Source: Devil's Dictionary.

Law

A habitual or customary commercial practice which has acquired acceptance as standard. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Specialty Definition: English grammar

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

English grammar is the study of grammar in the English language. Grammars of English can either be prescriptive or descriptive; this article attempts to be primarily descriptive. It is important to realise that experts disagree about many parts of English grammar: what follows is just one analysis among many.

The grammar of English is in some ways relatively simple, and in others quite complex. For example, word order is relatively fixed because English is an analytic language and this aspect of grammar is therefore relatively simple. The verbal system, on the other hand, is quite large and complex, like those of many other Indo-European languages.

This article is organized in sections, addressing word order, nouns, verbs, and other areas as they become relevant in the course of discussion.

Word Order

Structurally, English is a SVO language, meaning that it prefers a sequence of subject, verb, object in its simplest (declarative) statements. Thus:

In general, English is a head-initial language, meaning that the "anchor" of a phrase (segment of a sentence) occurs at the beginning of the phrase. For example:

The main exception is in noun phrases, which are head-final:

Leading to a sentence like: "Fred's sister ran quickly to the store". As can be inferred from this example, the sequence of a basic sentence (ignoring articles and other determiners) is: Adjective1 - Subject - Verb - Adverb - Adjective2 - Direct.Object - Adjective3 - Indirect.Object.

Changes in word order are used in interrogative sentences ("Did you go to the store?"), changes from active to passive voice ("The car was bought by John"), and lexical or grammatical emphasis (topicalization).

Nouns

In English, nouns generally describe persons, places, things, and abstract ideas, and are treated as grammatically distinct from verbs. English nouns, in general, are not marked for case. Nouns are, however, marked for number and definiteness. For example:

English does not have dual or trial numbers for nouns.

The two primary exceptions to case marking are the possessive clitic and the pronomial system. In English, the possessive is marked by a clitic at the end of the possessing noun phrase. This can be illustrated in the following manner:

The first <'s> clitic on king indicates that the daughter in question is the king's. The second <'s> clitic does not attach to "daughter", as many people mistakenly believe, but in fact to the entire noun phrase The king's daughter.

On the other hand, English preserves relics of the old Germanic noun case system in its pronouns. The full set of cases are listed below; note that there is no distinction in number for the second person pronoun1.

Person: 1st singular 3rd singular 1st plural 3rd plural 2nd interrogative
Nominative I he, she, it we they you who
Accusative me him, her, it us them you who
Genitive mine his, hers, its ours theirs yours whose
Dative to me him, her, it to us to them to you who to

A remnant of grammatical gender is also preserved in the third person pronouns. Gender is assigned to animate objects based on biological gender (where known), and to personified objects based on social conventions (ships, for example, are often regarded as feminine in English). "He" is used for masculine nouns; "she" is used for feminine nouns; and "it" is used for nouns of indeterminate gender and inanimate objects. It is generally considered both ungrammatical and impolite to refer to humans as "it"; some English speakers will prefer the use of "they" (3rd. plural) when a person's gender is unknown or irrelevant to context, others prefer to use the slightly cumbersome "he or she" (see singular they). This situation rarely leads to confusion, since the intended meaning can be inferred from context. For comparison, speakers of German distinguish between the homophonous "sie" ("she") and "Sie" (2nd plural and 1st singular polite) with little difficulty.

Verbs

In English, verbs generally describe actions, and can also be used to describe certain states of being. In contrast to the relative simplicity of English nouns, verbs come in a large array of tenses, some moods, two voices, and are marked for person.

Person in Verbs

Verbs in English are marked in limited fashion for person. Unlike some other European languages, person cannot generally be inferred from the conjugation attached to the verb. As a result, subject nouns are generally required elements in English sentences for clarity's sake. Most regular verbs in English follow the paradigm exemplified below for the simple present:

Stem: listen
1st. sing.: I listen
3rd. sing.: He/She/It listens
1st. plur.: We listen
3rd. Plur.: They listen
2nd. s (p): You (Y'all) listen

Voice in Verbs

English has two voices for verbs: the active and the passive. The basic form is the active verb, and follows the SVO pattern discussed above. The passive voice is derived from the active by changing the form of the verb, inverting of subject and direct object, and marking the subject with "by". For example:

The semantic effect of the change from active to passive is the depersonalization of an action. It is also occasionally used to topicalize the direct object of a sentence.

Verbal moods

English has four primary moods of verb. These are the declarative, the imperative, the conditional, and the little-used subjunctive. Again, the declarative is the simplest, and most basic form. The declarative mood is, very simply put, a statement in the active voice of a verb.

The conjugation of verbal moods becomes a significantly more complex matter when they are used with different tenses. However, casual spoken English rarely uses the subjunctive, and generally restricts the conditional mood to the simple present and simple past.

Verb tenses

English has a wide variety of verb tenses, all of which convey only the time of an action. English has no spatial tenses. The twelve major tenses in English result from combining each of three times (past, present, future) with each of four aspects (simple, continuous (or "imperfect"), perfect, and continuous perfect). (Certain combinations are very rare in the passive voice, however, most notably the future continuous perfect.) The following are illustrative examples of the primary verb tenses encountered in English. (Adapted from the grammatical tense article.)

Tenses in which the main verb is marked for person:

Tenses in which the auxiliary is marked for person:
"I am listening." This is used to express what most other language use the simple present tense for. Note that this form in English can also be used to express future actions, such as in the phrase "We're going to the movies tonight".
"I was listening." Used to express an ongoing action completed in the past.
"I have listened." This is usually used to express that an event happened at an unspecified or unknown time on the past.
Tenses in which neither the main verb nor the auxiliary is marked for person:
Irregular verbs

While many verbs in English follow the relatively simple paradigm illustrated at the beginning of this section, there are many verbs that do not. There are two categories of such verbs:

the "transparently irregular"
  • true irregular verbs.

  • The term "transparently irregular" is used to describe verbs that appear irregular at first, but actually follow a common paradigm. This group of verbs are relics of the older Germanic ablaut system for conjugation. This is generally confined to atypical simple past verb forms. For example: True irregular verbs have forms that are not predictable from ablaut rules. The most common of these in English is the verb "be". A sampling of its verbal paradigm is listed below; the majority of other forms are predictable from the knowledge of these four.

    Person: 1st singular 3rd singular 1st plural 3rd plural 2nd
    Infinitive:
    to be
    Simple present: I am He is, she is, it is We are They are You are
    Simple past: I was He was, she was, it was We were They were You were
    Present continuous: I am being He/she/it is being We are being They are being You are being

    Irregular verbs include "eat", "sit", "loan", "keep", among many others. Some paradigms are based on obsolete root words, or roots that have changed meaning. Others are derived from old umlaut patterns that changes in phonemic structure and grammar have distorted (keep ~ kept is one such example). Some are unclear in origin, and may date back to Proto Indo-European times.

    Other Topics in English Grammar

    Adjectives and Adverbs

    These are modifiers for nouns and verbs, respectively. Not all languages distinguish them, but English does in both grammar and word formation. Grammatically, adjectives precede the noun they modify, whereas adverbs follow the verb they modify. English also has a means of converting adjectives into adverbs: the addition of the suffix <-ly> changes an adjective to an adverb (in addition to moving it to the appropriate place in a sentence).

    There are other ways of changing words from one lexical class to another. Nouns are easily transformed into verbs by moving them to the appropriate position in a sentence, and then conjugating them according to the default paradigm. Nouns can also be changed to other kinds of nouns (<-er>, <-ist>), into adverbs of state/condition (<-ness>), and into adjectives (<-ish>, as in "bullish"). Verbs can be turned into adjectives with <-ing> ("dancing school"), into adverbs with <-ly>, and sometimes even into nouns with <-er> ("dancer", "listener").

    These processes provide the English language with greater flexibility in choosing words, expanding vocabulary, and re-shuffling words to add subtlety of meaning that might otherwise not be available in an analytic language.

    Paradoxes

    Paradoxes such as "I am asleep," or "No one wrote this" are not considered grammatically incorrect, necessarily.

    Slang

    The phrase "Ain't ain't grammar" is wrong, "ain't" is a slang word (or failing that a perfectly acceptable English word. Grammar is to do with which words go where and how they are separated (e.g. by commas) rather than the actual words being used.

    Footnotes:

    1. Some North American dialects use "y'all" and related forms for the second person plural pronoun: other forms include "you guys", "yu'uns", and "youse". These forms are generally regarded as colloquial and non-standard. Many English speakers also use forms of "they as a gender-unspecified singular pronoun: e.g. "If a reader finds a book interesting, they will often tell their friends about it". Australian dialects, at least, use "(to) us" as a first person dative singular in colloquial speech: e.g. "give us a minute, will ya?".

    Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "English grammar."

    Top     



    Style guide

    (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

    A style guide is a work aiming to set out rules for writers. In such works, style can have two meanings:

    Some style guides for the English language

    Academic

    Journalism

    General

    Wikipedia

    Books

    See also

    External Links

    Footnote

    1Wikipedia has seversl recommendations as to writing style, such as:

    Top     



    Word usage

    (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

    Word Usage is how a word, phrase, or concept is used in a language. Lexicographers gather samples of written or spoken instances where a word is used and analyze them to determine patterns of regional or social usage as well as meaning. A word, for example the English word "donny" (a round rock about the size of a man's head) may be only a rare regional usage, or a word may used world wide by all English speakers and have one or several evolving definitions such as the word "hacker."

    Word usage may also involve grammar and thus be the subject of profound analysis.

    Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Word usage."

    Top     

    Abbreviations & Acronyms: Usage

    The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
    EntrySourceExpressionField
    USPEnglishUsage sensitive pricingComputing, Economics

    Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

    Top     

    Synonyms: Usage

    Synonyms: custom (n), employment (n), exercise (n), usance (n), use (n), utilisation (n), utilization (n). (additional references)

    Top     

    Synonyms within Context: Usage

    ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

    Conformity

    Be regular; Adjective: move in a groove; follow observe the rules, go by the rules, bend to the rules,obey the rules, obey the precedents; comply with, tally with, chime in with, fall in with; be guided by, be regulated by; fall into a custom,fall into a usage; follow the fashion, follow the crowd, pass muster, do as others do, hurler avec les loups; stand on ceremony; when in Rome do as the Romans do; go with the stream, go with the flow, swim with the stream, swim with the current, swim with the tide, blow with the wind; stick to the beaten track; (habit); keep one in countenance.

    Desuetude

    Verb: be -unaccustomed; Adjective: leave off a habit, cast off a habit, break off a habit, wean oneself of a habit, violate a habit, break through a habit, infringe a habit, leave off a custom, cast off a custom, break off a custom, wean oneself of a custom, violate a custom, break through a custom, infringe a custom, leave off a usage, cast off a usage, break off a usage, wean oneself of a usage, violate a usage, break through a usage, infringe a usage; disuse; wear off.

    Infraction of usage; (unconformity); nonprevalence; "a custom more honored in the breach than the observance".

    Impulse

    Prescription, custom, use, usage, immemorial usage, practice; prevalence, observance; conventionalism, conventionality; mode, fashion, vogue; etiquette; (gentility); order of the day, cry; conformity; consuetude,.dustoor.

    Malevolence

    Ill turn, bad turn; affront; (disrespect); outrage, atrocity; ill usage; intolerance, persecution; tender mercies; " unkindest cut of all".

    Oldness

    Tradition, prescription, custom, immemorial usage, common law.

    Unconformity

    Verb: be uncomformable; Adjective: abnormalize; leave the beaten track, leave the beaten path; infringe a law, infringe a habit, infringe a usage, infringe a custom, break a law, break a habit, break a usage, break a custom, violate a law, violate a habit, violate a usage, violate a custom; drive a coach and six through; stretch a point; have no business there; baffle all description, beggar all description.

    Noun: {opp. } nonconformity; unconformity, disconformity; unconventionality, informality, abnormity, abnormality, anomaly; anomalousness; Adjective: exception, peculiarity; infraction of law, breach, of law, violation of law, violation of custom, violation of usage, infringement of law, infringement of custom, infringement of usage; teratism, eccentricity, bizarrerie, oddity, je ne sais quoi, monster, monstrosity, rarity; freak, freak of Nature, weirdo, mutant; rouser, snorter.

    Use

    Usage.

    Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

    Top     

    Crosswords: Usage

    Etymologies containing "usage": Unusage. (references)
    Non-English Usage: "Usage" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses.

    French (custom, employment, practice, purpose, usage, use, wear).

    Top     

    Modern Usage: Usage

    DomainUsage

    Screenplays

    And what language employs the usage of the word freako (Caroline in the City; writing credit: Angela Carneiro)

    Movie/TV Titles

    Faux et usage de faux (1990)

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

    Top     

    Commercial Usage: Usage

    DomainTitle

    Books

    • Antifibrinolytic Drugs: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Usage (Wiley Medical Publication) (reference)

    • Sas/Access Interface to Adabas: Usage and Reference: Version 6 (reference)

    • The law and practice of marine insurance, deduced from a critical examination of the adjudged cases, the nature and analogies of the subject, and the general usage of commercial nations (reference)

    • Studies in English Adverbial Usage (reference)

    • Antibody Usage in the Lab (Springer Lab Manual) (reference)

      (more book examples)

      

    Periodicals

      

    High Tech

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

    Top     

    Image Slideshow: Usage

    Illustrations:
    Usage

    More pictures...

    Computer Images:
    Usage

    More pictures...

    Top     

    Photo Album: Usage

    ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

    Jimmy Henry, manager of the NRCS Plant Materials Center in Elsberry, Missouri, checks the status of a plant being evaluated at the center for potential conservation usage. Credit: Charlie Rahm.

    Un monsieur tenant à faire usage d'un des blocs de savon admis à l'exposition de 1849. / Cham [i.e. Amédée Noé]. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

    Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

    Top     

    Digital Photo Gallery: Usage
     

    "Window Control" by T. Al Nakib
    Commentary: "...From a Range Rover. Please contact me for usage rights (may contain usage fees for commercial use). Sizes up to 3072x2048 ."
    "Law Series 4" by Peter Skadberg
    Commentary: "Law series. Use is free on approved usage. Contact is required. We respond within 24 hours. ."

    Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

    Top     

    Historic Usage: Usage

    AuthorDateQuotation

    John Locke

    1690

    He that shall oppose an assault only with a shield to receive the blows, or in any more respectful posture, without a sword in his hand, to abate the confidence and force of the assailant, will quickly be at an end of his resistance, and will find such a defence serve only to draw on himself the worse usage. (Second Treatise of Government)

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

    Top     

    Use in Literature: Usage

    TitleAuthorQuote

    Sylvie and Bruno Concluded

    Carroll, Lewis

    In reply, I can only plead my firm conviction that the popular usage is wrong

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

    Top     

    Non-Fiction Usage: Usage

    SubjectTopicQuote

    Health

    There is a paucity of data available about usage of antidiarrheal drugs in children. (references)

    Since the late 1990s, physicians have seen a general increase in parent Internet usage rates. (references)

    Those addicted to drugs suffer from a compulsive drug craving and usage and cannot quit by themselves. (references)

    Business

    Home usage of the Internet is growing more slowly. (references)

    After a slow start, Internet usage is now booming. (references)

    They also permit restricted access and limited usage. (references)

    Children

    Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Language questions were resolved by using both Latin and Cyrillic script, and by requirements that teachers not penalize students for lexicon or grammar usage identified more with one language variant than another. (references)

    Civil Liberties

    Vietnam

    High prices limit home usage. (references)

    Botswana

    The Government did not restrict e-mail or Internet usage. (references)

    Economic History

    Maldives

    Mobile phone usage is increasing rapidly. (references)

    Germany

    The intensity of usage has increased as well. (references)

    Australia

    Current Internet usage by Australians is high. (references)

    Human Rights

    Brazil

    Many persons were killed during the year in conflicts involving disputes of land ownership and usage. (references)

    Political Economy

    GUATEMALA

    In June 2001, Guatemala also officially approved usage of non-Guatemalan currencies, and the dollar has quickly assumed an important, though, not dominant, role throughout the banking sector. (references)

    CZECH REPUBLIC

    U.S. exporters of beef, poultry, pork and horsemeat are not able to ship to the Czech Republic due to concerns about special risk materials shared by the EU. In November 2000, reacting to the EU BSE outbreak, the Czech State Veterinary Administration prohibited specific risks' materials usage in pet food, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) cannot guarantee that U.S. pet food producers meet this requirement. (references)

    Trade

    France

    Usage Instructions: Explain how the product is to be used. (references)

    Kazakhstan

    Kazakhstani standards agencies actively promote ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 usage. (references)

    Germany

    In common usage, value added tax (VAT) and turnover tax are regarded as being identical. (references)

    Travel

    Bulgaria

    In business, the usage of English is increasing. (references)

    Chad

    Usage fees are approximately 15 cents for the first 60 KWH and 30 cents for each additional kilowatt hour. (references)

    Italy

    Goods imported as samples may be imported only in quantities constituting a sample according to normal commercial usage. (references)

    Lexicography

    Devil's Dictionary

    FLY-:SPECK:, n. The prototype of punctuation. It is observed by Garvinus that the systems of punctuation in use by the various literary nations depended originally upon the social habits and general diet of the flies infesting the several countries. These creatures, which have always been distinguished for a neighborly and companionable familiarity with authors, liberally or niggardly embellish the manuscripts in process of growth under the pen, according to their bodily habit, bringing out the sense of the work by a species of interpretation superior to, and independent of, the writer's powers. The "old masters" of literature -- that is to say, the early writers whose work is so esteemed by later scribes and critics in the same language -- never punctuated at all, but worked right along free-handed, without that abruption of the thought which comes from the use of points. (We observe the same thing in children to-day, whose usage in this particular is a striking and beautiful instance of the law that the infancy of individuals reproduces the methods and stages of development characterizing the infancy of races.) In the work of these primitive scribes all the punctuation is found, by the modern investigator with his optical instruments and chemical tests, to have been inserted by the writers' ingenious and serviceable collaborator, the common house-fly -- Musca maledicta. In transcribing these ancient MSS, for the purpose of either making the work their own or preserving what they naturally regard as divine revelations, later writers reverently and accurately copy whatever marks they find upon the papyrus or parchment, to the unspeakable enhancement of the lucidity of the thought and value of the work. Writers contemporary with the copyists naturally avail themselves of the obvious advantages of these marks in their own work, and with such assistance as the flies of their own household may be willing to grant, frequently rival and sometimes surpass the older compositions, in respect at least of punctuation, which is no small glory. Fully to understand the important services that flies perform to literature it is only necessary to lay a page of some popular novelist alongside a saucer of cream-and-molasses in a sunny room and observe "how the wit brightens and the style refines" in accurate proportion to the duration of exposure.

    Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

    Top     

    Speeches: Usage

    SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

    John Adams

    1797-1801Hitherto I have thought proper to prevent the sailing of armed vessels except on voyages to the East Indies, where general usage and the danger from pirates appeared to render the permission proper.

    Thomas Jefferson

    1801-1809New principles, too, have been interpolated into the law of nations, founded neither in justice nor in the usage or acknowledgment of nations.

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

    Top     

    Usage Frequency: Usage

    "Usage" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.38% of the time. "Usage" is used about 989 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
    Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
    100 Million Words
    Rank in English
    Noun (singular)98.38%9737,504
    Lexical Verb (base form)0.81%8124,375
    Lexical Verb (infinitive)0.61%6143,867
    Noun (proper)0.2%2245,945
                        Total100.00%989N/A

    Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

    Top     

    Expressions: Usage

    Expressions using "usage": an old usage dictionary of correct usage drop out of usage high usage circuit group immemorial usage infraction of usage infringe a usage meet with ill usage non usage trade usage and course of dealing usage mode. Additional references.

    Hyphenated Usage

    Beginning with "usage": usage-based, usage-related, usage-value.

    Ending with "usage": computer-usage, ill-usage, land-usage, line-usage, under-usage, water-usage.

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

    Top     

    Frequency of Internet Keywords: Usage

    The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
     
    ExpressionFrequency
    per Day
    ExpressionFrequency
    per Day

    internet usage

    113

    brain profile usage

    13

    device much raw space usage

    60

    computer usage

    13

    usage

    59

    browser usage

    11

    grammar usage

    43

    creatine usage

    10

    comma usage

    38

    condom usage

    10

    internet usage statistics

    38

    browser usage statistics

    9

    100 cpu usage

    32

    internet usage tracking

    8

    auto usage

    32

    cell phone policy usage

    8

    cpu usage

    32

    electricity usage

    8

    disk usage

    31

    statistics usage

    8

    english usage

    30

    audit usage water

    8

    water usage

    25

    apostrophe usage

    8

    ingredient software usage

    24

    semicolon usage

    8

    word usage

    24

    100 cpu usage xp

    8

    internet usage policy

    21

    browser internet statistics usage

    8

    monitor internet usage

    20

    internet usage monitoring

    8

    memory usage

    20

    browser usage web

    8

    cell phone usage

    15

    cpu high usage

    7

    bandwidth usage

    14

    energy usage

    7

    drug usage

    14

    usage network

    7

    computer usage policy

    7
    Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

    Top     

    Modern Translation: Usage

    Language Translations for "usage"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

    Albanian

      

    zakon (consuetude, custom, groove, habit, habitude, institute, institution, inurnment, knack, manners, mode, practice, praxis, rut, tradition, use, way, wont), trajtim (approach, coverage, handling, transaction, treatment), përdorim (application, consumption, currency, deal, employment, exercise, exertion, exploitation, operation, reclamation, use, using, utilization, wear, wear and tear, working), odet. (various references)

       

    Arabic 

      

    ‏عادة (as a rule, commonly, custom, freak, generally, groove, habit, habit of body, institution, observance, ordinarily, practice, praxis, rite, rubric, rule, usually, wont), ‏عرف (acquaint, constitution, convention, custom, define, figure out, form, habit, impart, know, know what's what, locate, manners, mores, realize, rule, savvy, see, sort out, tradition, use), ‏طريقة إستعمال الألفاظ, ‏إستعمال (application, employment, exercise, purpose, use). (various references)

       

    Bulgarian 

      

    установена практика (convention, use), установен ред (groove, order, routine), установен обичай (constitution, rubric), употребяване, употреба (application, circulation, currency, employment, use), отнасяне (behavior, behaviour, do, handling, treatment), обноска (treatment), приета практика, приет ред, приет обичай, използуване (employment, use, using, utilization). (various references)

       

    Chinese 

      

    用法 . (various references)

       

    Czech

      

    užívání, zvyklost (convention, custom, tradition, use), zvyk (consuetude, custom, form, habit, rote, trick, use, way, wont), zacházení (handling, treatment), používání (application, use), obyèej (custom, habit, observance, use), obvyklá praxe (routine), úzus (custom, use). (various references)

       

    Danish

      

    kutyme (custom, trade usage and course of dealing), handelssædvane (trade usage and course of dealing). (various references)

       

    Dutch

      

    handelsusance (trade usage and course of dealing), handelsgebruik (trade usage and course of dealing), handelsconventie (trade usage and course of dealing). (various references)

       

    Farsi 

      

    معمول (Normal, Usual), کاربرد, عادت (Accustom, Addict, Custom, Hank, Rote, Rut, Ure, Vogue, Wont), عرف (Custom, Institution, Tradition, Unwrittenlaw, Ure, Usance), استعمال (Use), رسم (Custom, Mode, Order, Trace, Tradition, Wont). (various references)

       

    Finnish

      

    tapa (custom, fashion, habit, manner, mode, mores, practice, way), nautinta (usufruct), kohtelu (treatment), kielenkäyttö (language), kauppatapa (trade usage and course of dealing), käytäntö (custom, practice, use). (various references)

       

    French

      

    usage du commerce (trade usage and course of dealing), usage commercial (trade usage and course of dealing), usage (use), traitement (use), manipulation, coutume. (various references)

       

    German

      

    Verwendung (application, assignment, disposition, employment, expenditure, intercession, usableness, use, utilization), Gebrauch (application, custom, habit, use, way), Usance (custom, practice). (various references)

       

    Greek 

      

    χρήση (application, manipulation, practice, practise, use). (various references)

       

    Hebrew 

      

    מנהג (conduct, custom, groove, habit, manner, order, way), שמוש (employment, resort, service, use), נימוס (courtesy, etiquette, observance, politeness, tact), נוהג (conduct, custom, habit, practice, praxis, procedure). (various references)

       

    Hungarian

      

    használat (application, common right, exertion, right of common, tenure, use, wear). (various references)

       

    Indonesian

      

    pemanfaatan (utilization), kelaziman (custom, fad, the fashion), kebiasaan (custom, fashion, habit, natural, wont). (various references)

       

    Irish

      

    ghnáth. (various references)

       

    Italian

      

    uso (adhibition, custom, exercise, habit, use, wear). (various references)

       

    Japanese Kanji 

      

    語格 (rules of grammar), 遣い (bearer, errand, familiar spirit, going as envoy, message, messenger, mission, tamer, trainer, use), 習俗 (folkways, manners and customs), 持ち (charge, draw, durability, hold, in charge, keep possession, life, wear), 振り合い (comparison, consideration, custom), 振合い (comparison, consideration, custom), (case, custom, example, experience, illustration, instance, parallel, precedent), 使い (bearer, errand, familiar spirit, going as envoy, message, messenger, mission, tamer, trainer, use), 古格 (convention, old customs, old etiquette), 俗習 (custom). (various references)

       

    Japanese Katakana 

      

    ぞくしゅう (crowd, custom, masses, people, the public, vulgarity, worldliness), ためし (case, custom, example, experience, illustration, instance, parallel, precedent, test, trial), しゅうぞく (folkways, local customs, manners and customs), ふりあい (comparison, consideration, custom), つかい (bearer, errand, familiar spirit, going as envoy, message, messenger, mission, tamer, trainer, use), ごかく (equality, evenness, good match, par, rules of grammar), こかく (client, convention, customer, lone traveller, old customs, old etiquette, patron), れい (actor, case, cold, command, companion, cool, custom, departed soul, dictation, example, experience, expression of gratitude, ghost, illustration, instance, nought, order, parallel, precedent, soul, spirit, zero), もち (be not, birdlime, charge, do not, draw, durability, hold, in charge, keep possession, life, must not, sticky rice cake, wear). (various references)

       

    Korean 

      

    사용법. (various references)

       

    Manx

      

    oayllaght (custom), oallys, cliaghtey (acclimatization, acclimatize, custom, exercise, familiarization, familiarize, fashion, follow, follow as trade, formality, habit, habituate, institution, inure, practice, practise, profess, prosecute, prosecution, rehearsal, rehearse, seasoning, train). (various references)

       

    Pig Latin

      

    ageusay.(various references)

       

    Portuguese

      

    uso comercial (trade usage and course of dealing), uso (adhibition, application, choky, custom, exertion, good, habit, manner, mores, praxis, rule, use, using, wear), trato (address, handling, intercourse, processing, tract, trading, treatment), tratamento (cure, curing, dressing, handling, processing, remedy, treatment), maneira de usar, emprego (affectation, appointment, berth, billet, employ, employment, exertion, function, job, niche, occupation, place, post, service, situation, use, using, work), direito de passagem (access, highroad crossing, passage, way-leave), costume (choky, conventionality, costume, fashion, habit, habitude, institution, inurement, inveteracy, mode, mores, observance, outfit, praxis, rule, rut, way). (various references)

       

    Romanian

      

    uzanţã (consuetude, custom, usance), uz (employment, ordinariness, use, using, utilization), purtare (bearing, behavior, behaviour, carriage, conduct, demeanour, fashion, foppery, goings on, habit), obicei (consuetude, convention, custom, dead letter, groove, habit, habitude, manner, observance, practice, praxis, rut, tradition, use, way, wont), obişnuinţã (fashion, habit, habitude, ordinariness, wont), maniere (decorum, manners), folosire (application, availability, duty, employment, practice, use, utilization), datinã (custom, observance, tradition, use, way), întrebuinţare (duty, employment, reliance, use, utilization). (various references)

       

    Russian 

      

    употребление (use, utilization), обращение (address, allocution, circulation, circulations, conversion, handling, harangue, man-handling, manipulation, resort, treatment), обиход (mode of life), использование (employment, exertion, usability, use of, using, utilization). (various references)

       

    Scottish

      

    àbhaist (custom, habit). (various references)

       

    Serbo-Croatian

      

    upotreba (consuetude, exercise, use, using, utilization). (various references)

       

    Spanish

      

    utilizacion (application, assignment, disposition, use), uso (employment, fashion, purpose, service, use, using, utilization, wear), usanza (custom, rite, ritual), tratos (treatments), trato (agreement, bargain, bargaining, deal, dealing, dicker, intercourse, relationship, treatment), tratamiento (discussion, endeavor, endeavour, enquiry, medication, processing, style, treatment), tradición (custom, institution, tack, tradition, use), manejo (control, driving, handling, horsemanship, management, operation, running, use), costumbre (consuetude, convention, custom, habit, institution, practice, praxis, rule, the custom, use, way, wont). (various references)

       

    Swedish

      

    bruk (consuetude, cultivation, custom, factory, fashion, habit, institution, mortar, observance, operation, plaster, practice, service, use, wear), användande (manipulating, using, utilization, utilized). (various references)

       

    Turkish

      

    usul (brand, cut, formality, gently, method, modus, observance, order, practice, procedure, process, quietly, rite, system, technique, way, wise), muamele (deal, dealing, doings, procedure, proceeding, transaction, treatment, turn), kullanma (driving, exercise, exploitation, handling, imposition, operating, operation, tenure, use, using, utilization, wear), kullanım şekli, kullanım (access, application, disposal, use, utilization), adet (bleeding, consuetude, convention, courses, custom, element, fashion, flow, fragment, groove, habit, item, menses, menstruation, mounthly courses, mounthly periods, number, numeral, particle, period, praxis, routine, sum, the usual thing, total, tradition, use, wont). (various references)

       

    Ukrainian

      

    уживання, звичай (consuetude, convention, custom, habit, habitude, mode, observance, practice, praxis, rite, way, wont), поводження (behavior, behaviour, handling). (various references)

       

    Vietnamese 

      

    tập quán (consuetude, conventionality, praxis), tục lệ, lệ thường, cách dùng, cách đối đ i thói quen. (various references)

       

    Welsh

      

    cynefod (custom). (various references)

    Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

    Top     

    Ancestral Language Translations: Usage

    LanguagePeriodTranslations
    Greek700 BCE-300 CE

    nomisma. (various references)

    Latin500 BCE-Modern

    caerimoniae, caerimonias, caerimoniis, consuetudo, mos, observatio, observationem, observationes, observationibus, observationum, ritus, usus. (various references)

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

    Top     

    Derivations & Misspellings: Usage

    Derivations

    Words beginning with "usage": usages. (additional references)

    Words ending with "usage": misusage, sausage, surplusage. (additional references)

    Words containing "usage": misusages, sausages, surplusages. (additional references)


    Misspellings

    "Usage" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: asage, asagi, ausage, Ausgabe, aussage, Bussage, esage, essage, susage, Susuga, uae, Uag, udag, Uiagm, ulsae, urage, usafe, usago, usare, useage, useg, usg, usgs, ussage, usuage, uwage, uzag. (additional references)

    Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

    Top     

    Rhyming with "Usage"

    # of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "usage" (pronounced yuw"suj)
    3-s u jdosage, message, passage, sausage.

    Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

    Top     

    Anagrams: Usage

    Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

    Direct Anagrams: agues.

    Words within the letters "a-e-g-s-u"

    -1 letter: ages, ague, gaes, sage.

    -2 letters: age, eau, gae, gas, sae, sag, sau, sea, seg, sue, use.

    -3 letters: ae, ag, as, es, us.

     Words containing the letters "a-e-g-s-u"
     

    +1 letter: argues, augers, gauges, gauzes, sauger, teguas, usages.

     

    +2 letters: aerugos, angelus, arguers, arguses, assuage, augends, augites, baguets, belugas, cangues, cubages, degauss, desugar, escuage, gangues, gaseous, gateaus, gaudies, gaugers, gausses, guanase, guineas, lagunes, langues, leagues, magueys, meshuga, outages, plagues, saugers, sausage, scutage, seagull, sevruga, sugared, sullage, ullages, uncages, upgazes, upstage, vaguest, zeugmas.

     

    +3 letters: adjudges, agendums, agouties, angulose, argufies, assuaged, assuages, auberges, augments, augurers, auguries, auguster, baghouse, barguest, bearhugs, bugbanes, bugbears, bulkages, buoyages, burgages, cagefuls, courages, cuttages, desugars, dunnages, earplugs, escuages, eugenias, euglenas, eulogias, fatigues, fuselage, gallused, galluses, garigues, gashouse, gauchest, gaudiest, gauffers, gauntest, gauziest, gestural, gouaches, graduses, granules, graupels, gravures, guanases, guanines, guarders, guayules, gunwales, gustable, haulages, jugheads, languets, laughers, leaguers, luggages, meshugah, meshugga, messuage, misgauge, misusage, moulages, mutagens, outrages, plaguers, plumages, plussage, pugarees, quayages, reargues, regauges, regulars, rummages, sanguine, sausages, sauteing, scutages, seagulls, sevrugas, slugabed, speargun, stageful, stumpage, subagent, subgrade, substage, suffrage, sugarier, sullages, tunnages, umbrages, unitages, upgrades, upstaged, upstages, valguses, vulgates.

    Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

    SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

    Top     



    INDEX

    1. Definition
    2. Synonyms
    3. Crosswords
    4. Usage: Modern
    5. Usage: Commercial
    6. Images: Slideshow
    7. Images: Photo Album
    8. Images: Digital Art
    9. Quotations: Historic
    10. Quotations: Fiction
    11. Quotations: Non-fiction
    12. Quotations: Speeches
    13. Usage Frequency
    14. Expressions
    15. Expressions: Internet
    16. Translations: Modern
    17. Translations: Ancient
    18. Abbreviations
    19. Acronyms
    20. Derivations
    21. Rhymes
    22. Anagrams
    23. Bibliography


      

    Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.