Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Ulna |
UlnaNoun1. The inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Etymology: Ulna \Ul"na\, noun. [Latin expression, the elbow. See Ell.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definition |
Medicine | The long and medial bone of the forearm. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The ulna articulates with:
Proximally, the ulna has a bony process, the olecranon process, a hook-like structure that fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus. This prevents hyperextension and forms a hinge joint with the trochlea of the humerus. There is also a radial notch for the head of the radius, and the ulna tuberosity to which muscles can attach.
Distally (near the hand), there is a styloid process.
The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. 1, 2] is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius. It is divisible into a body and two extremities. Its upper extremity, of great thickness and strength, forms a large part of the elbow-joint; the bone diminishes in size from above downward, its lower extremity being very small, and excluded from the wrist-joint by the interposition of an articular disk.
The Upper Extremity
('proximal extremity') [Fig. 1]
The upper extremity presents two curved processes, the olecranon and the coronoid process; and two concave, articular cavities, the semilunar and radial notches.The Olecranon
('olecranon process')
The olecranon is a large, thick, curved eminence, situated at the upper and back part of the ulna. It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension of the forearm. Its base is contracted where it joins the body and the narrowest part of the upper end of the ulna. Its posterior surface, directed backward, is triangular, smooth, subcutaneous, and covered by a bursa. Its superior surface is of quadrilateral form, marked behind by a rough impression for the insertion of the Triceps brachii; and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. Its anterior surface is smooth, concave, and forms the upper part of the semilunar notch. Its borders present continuations of the groove on the margin of the superior surface; they serve for the attachment of ligaments, viz., the back part of the ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the posterior ligament laterally. From the medial border a part of the Flexor carpi ulnaris arises; while to the lateral border the Anconæus is attached.
Figure 1 : Upper extremity of left ulna. Lateral aspect.The Coronoid Process
('processus coronoideus')
The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. Its base is continuous with the body of the bone, and of considerable strength. Its apex is pointed, slightly curved upward, and in flexion of the forearm is received into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. Its upper surface is smooth, concave, and forms the lower part of the semilunar notch. Its antero-inferior surface is concave, and marked by a rough impression for the insertion of the Brachialis. At the junction of this surface with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna, which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is attached. Its lateral surface presents a narrow, oblong, articular depression, the radial notch. Its medial surface, by its prominent, free margin, serves for the attachment of part of the ulnar collateral ligament. At the front part of this surface is a small rounded eminence for the origin of one head of the Flexor digitorum sublimis; behind the eminence is a depression for part of the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus; descending from the eminence is a ridge which gives origin to one head of the Pronator teres. Frequently, the Flexor pollicis longus arises from the lower part of the coronoid process by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers.The Semilunar Notch
('incisura semilunaris; greater sigmoid cavity')
The semilunar notch is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process. The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process. The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below.The Radial Notch
('incisura radialis; lesser sigmoid cavity')
The radial notch is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius. It is concave from before backward, and its prominent extremities serve for the attachment of the annular ligament.The Body or Shaft
('corpus ulnæ')
The body at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. It tapers gradually from above downward, and has three borders and three surfaces.Borders
The volar border (margo volaris; anterior border) begins above at the prominent medial angle of the coronoid process, and ends below in front of the styloid process. Its upper part, well-defined, and its middle portion, smooth and rounded, give origin to the Flexor digitorum profundus; its lower fourth serves for the origin of the Pronator quadratus. This border separates the volar from the medial surface.
The dorsal border (margo dorsalis; posterior border) begins above at the apex of the triangular subcutaneous surface at the back part of the olecranon, and ends below at the back of the styloid process; it is well-marked in the upper three-fourths, and gives attachment to an aponeurosis which affords a common origin to the Flexor carpi ulnaris, the Extensor carpi ulnaris, and the Flexor digitorum profundus; its lower fourth is smooth and rounded. This border separates the medial from the dorsal surface.
The interosseous crest (crista interossea; external or interosseous border) begins above by the union of two lines, which converge from the extremities of the radial notch and enclose between them a triangular space for the origin of part of the Supinator; it ends below at the head of the ulna. Its upper part is sharp, its lower fourth smooth and rounded. This crest gives attachment to the interosseous membrane, and separates the volar from the dorsal surface.Surfaces
The volar surface (facies volaris; anterior surface), much broader above than below, is concave in its upper three-fourths, and gives origin to the Flexor digitorum profundus; its lower fourth, also concave, is covered by the Pronator quadratus. The lower fourth is separated from the remaining portion by a ridge, directed obliquely downward and medialward, which marks the extent of origin of the Pronator quadratus. At the junction of the upper with the middle third of the bone is the nutrient canal, directed obliquely upward.
Figure 2 : Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect.
Figure 3 : Bones of left forearm. Posterior aspect.
Figure 4 : Plan of ossification of the ulna. From three centers.
Figure 5 : Epiphysial lines of ulna in a young adult. Lateral aspect. The lines of attachment of the articular capsules are in blue.The Lower Extremity
('distal extremity')
The lower extremity of the ulna is small, and presents two eminences; the lateral and larger is a rounded, articular eminence, termed the head of the ulna; the medial, narrower and more projecting, is a non-articular eminence, the styloid process. The head presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the ulnar notch of the radius. The styloid process projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist-joint. The head is separated from the styloid process by a depression for the attachment of the apex of the triangular articular disk, and behind, by a shallow groove for the tendon of the Extensor carpi ulnaris.Structure
The long, narrow medullary cavity is enclosed in a strong wall of compact tissue which is thickest along the interosseous border and dorsal surface. At the extremities the compact layer thins. The compact layer is continued onto the back of the olecranon as a plate of close spongy bone with lamellæ parallel. From the inner surface of this plate and the compact layer below it trabeculæ arch forward toward the olecranon and coronoid and cross other trabeculæ, passing backward over the medullary cavity from the upper part of the shaft below the coronoid. Below the coronoid process there is a small area of compact bone from which trabeculæ curve upward to end obliquely to the surface of the semilunar notch which is coated with a thin layer of compact bone. The trabeculæ at the lower end have a more longitudinal direction.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Ulna."
Synonym: UlnaSynonym: elbow bone (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Ulna |
| English words defined with "ulna": anconeous muscle, articulatio trochoidea ♦ Coronoid, Cuniform ♦ Epipodiale ♦ musculus anconeus ♦ olecranon, olecranon process ♦ pivot joint ♦ rotary joint, rotatory joint ♦ Trochlea ♦ ulnar, Ulnare. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "ulna": Colles fracture ♦ Monteggia's Fracture. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "ulna": Ulnage, Ulnare. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Ulna" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Czech (ulna), Italian (ell, ulna, yard). |
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | 14-year-old boy fractured his right ulna and radius and subsequently developed wound botulism. Credit: CDC. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| "Ulna" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Ulna" is used about 19 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 19 | 80,337 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "ulna": Ulna Fractures. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
ulna | 50 |
nerve ulna | 18 |
radius and ulna | 11 |
ulna fracture | 6 |
fracture radius ulna | 5 |
bone ulna | 5 |
entrapment nerve ulna | 4 |
fractured ulna | 4 |
nerve surgery ulna | 3 |
damage nerve ulna | 2 |
antebraço ulna | 2 |
neuropathy ulna | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "ulna"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | kockë e jashtme e parakrahut. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | عظم الزند. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 尺骨. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | ulna. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | ulna, albuebenet, albueben. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | ellepijp, ellepýp (cubit, ell), el (cubit, ell). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faeroese | alin (cubit, ell), albogaleggur (cubit, ell). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | زندزیرین . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | cubitus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Elle (cubit, ell, yard, yardstick). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ωλένη (forearm). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | singcsont. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | ulna (ell, yard). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 尺骨 (the ulna). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | しゃっ"つ (the ulna). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 척골. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | ulney, fess ny laue. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | aulnay cúbito (cubit). (various references) локтевая кость (cubit, funny bone, ulnae, ulnas). (various references) lakatna kost. (various references) cúbito. (various references) armbågsben, aln (cubit, ell). (various references) dirsek kemiği. (various references) ліктьова кістка (cubit). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | cubiti, cubitis, cubito, cubitorum, cubitos, cubitum, cubitus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "ulna": ulnad, ulnae, ulnar, ulnas. (additional references) | |
| |
"Ulna" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aulnay, Elna, elne, gulunay, lunad, lunala, luni, Lunnan, Onlaf, oulsnam, Ueni, ugla, Ugni, ul, ula, Ulanfu, Ulanhu, Ulanov, ulba, ulca, ulea, ulia, ulla, Ullna, ulma, Uln, ulnad, ulnal, ulnar, ulnea, ulner, uloa, ulrn, ulua, Ulya, umn, una, unal, unam, unaw, unlao, Unld, unna, urna, utna, uvn. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "ulna" (pronounced 'Ul"na'): Abuna, Achatina, Alcanna, Alhenna, Alumna, Amphirhina, Amphisbaena, Angina, Anna, Anona, Antenna, arena, Avena, Avifauna, Banana, Becuna, BELLADONNA, Bellona, Carina, Casuarina, Catena, Cavatina, Concertina, Coquina, Cromorna, Curtana, Czarevna, Czarina, Damiana, DIANA, Echidna, Erythrina, Galena, Gehenna, Gena, Globigerina, Glucina, Hemina, henna, Hosanna, HYENA, iguana, Krishna, lacuna, Lena, Levana, Limacina, Linguatulina, Littorina, Luna. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: luna, ulan. | |
| Words within the letters "a-l-n-u" | |
-2 letters: al, an, la, na, nu, un. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-l-n-u" | |
+1 letter: annul, lauan, lunar, lunas, uhlan, ulans, ulnad, ulnae, ulnar, ulnas, ulpan, unlay, yulan. | |
+2 letters: alumin, alumna, alumni, annual, annuli, annuls, anural, auntly, canful, canula, cuneal, eluant, faunal, flaunt, fungal, glucan, hangul, inhaul, lacuna, lacune, laguna, lagune, landau, langue, langur, lanugo, lauans, launce, launch, lingua, lumina, lunacy, lunars, lunate, lungan, lunula, lurdan, manful, manual, nebula, neural, nilgau, nounal, nuchal, nullah, panful, paulin, ranula, suldan, sultan, uhlans, ulpans, unable, uncial, unclad, ungual, ungula, unlace, unlade, unlaid, unlash, unlays, unlead, unload, unnail, unreal, unseal, upland, uranyl, urinal, walnut, yulans, zonula. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Translations: Ancient 11. Derivations 12. Rhymes | 13. Anagrams 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
