Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Troll

Definition: Troll

Troll

Noun

1. (Scandinavian folklore) a supernatural creature (either a dwarf or a giant) that is supposed to live in caves or in the mountains.

Verb

1. Circulate, move around.

2. Cause to move round and round; "The child trolled her hoop".

3. Sing the parts of (a round) in succession.

4. Angle with a hook and line drawn through the water.

5. Sing loudly and without inhibition.

6. Praise or celebrate in song; "All tongues shall troll you".

7. Speak or recite rapidly or in a rolling voice.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "troll" was first used: 14th century. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Troll

DomainDefinition

Computing

Troll 1. v.,n. [From the Usenet group alt.folklore.urban] To utter a posting on Usenet designed to attract predictable responses or flames; or, the post itself. Derives from the phrase "trolling for newbies" which in turn comes from mainstream "trolling", a style of fishing in which one trails bait through a likely spot hoping for a bite. The well-constructed troll is a post that induces lots of newbies and flamers to make themselves look even more clueless than they already do, while subtly conveying to the more savvy and experienced that it is in fact a deliberate troll. If you don't fall for the joke, you get to be in on it. See also YHBT. 2. n. An individual who chronically trolls in sense 1; regularly posts specious arguments, flames or personal attacks to a newsgroup, discussion list, or in email for no other purpose than to annoy someone or disrupt a discussion. Trolls are recognizable by the fact that they have no real interest in learning about the topic at hand - they simply want to utter flame bait. Like the ugly creatures they are named after, they exhibit no redeeming characteristics, and as such, they are recognized as a lower form of life on the net, as in, "Oh, ignore him, he's just a troll." Compare kook. 3. n. [Berkeley] Computer lab monitor. A popular campus job for CS students. Duties include helping newbies and ensuring that lab policies are followed. Probably so-called because it involves lurking in dark cavelike corners. Some people claim that the troll (sense 1) is properly a narrower category than flame bait, that a troll is categorized by containing some assertion that is wrong but not overtly controversial. See also Troll-O-Meter. The use of `troll' in either sense is a live metaphor that readily produces elaborations and combining forms. For example, one not infrequently sees the warning "Do not feed the troll" as part of a followup to troll postings. Source: Jargon File.

Slang

Noun. Source: A troll is a figure viewed in literary terms as an ugly, little, monster-like being. It has similar connotations when used within the community. Definition: An older man who goes to bars and makes passes at younger men in an attempt to get them to come home with him. Context: Used in casual conversation when talking about this particular type of man . Social Source: LGBTA. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references)
 Noun. Source: This word normally means a monster that lives under a bridge. Definition: This word was used to make fun of the director of the camp. Context: The funny part was that the director heard people using the word and he assumed that it was not about him. He thought the word was actually refering to the person who started calling the director a troll. Social Source: Camp Ojai. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Internet troll

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

On the Internet, a troll is a person who posts messages that create controversy or an angry response without adding content to the discussion, often intentionally. Though technically different from flaming, which is an unmistakable direct personal attack, trolls often resort to innuendo or misdirection in the pursuit of their objective, which is to create controversy for its own sake, discredit those with whom they disagree, or sabotage discussion by creating an intimidating atmosphere.

Originally this term applied to people who were intentionally posting flamebait, by analogy with the fishing technique of trolling: metaphorically, these people were dragging a conversational lure through the group, hoping for a response. The concept of "this person is trolling our newsgroup" became shortened to "this person is a troll", and picked up the association of the monster trolls of folklore. Note that this is a highly subjective term, as everyone is affected differently by the nature of the term deemed a "troll".

Trolling mostly maintains its earlier meaning of posting messages specifically in order to elicit a particular response, usually anger or argument. The noun form, troll, is sometimes used in the more general sense of someone who stirs up controversy, whether or not the controversy itself is their goal.

Frequently this is used to discredit one position in an argument. By asserting that one's opponents are trolls, one is asserting that they are only maintaining their position in order to feed the flames, and that their position is actually indefensible. This use of "troll" is however then an ad hominem argument, and is itself thus usually indefensible – most correct views have historically met with opposition, so the label "troll" used this way is actually more likely to indicate a correct but controversial position that is stirring up flames precisely because it has challenged a doctrine others actually realize is wrong. That said, it is quite possible to stir up controversy with a wrong argument – but these can more effectively be met by simply responding to the substantive issue. It is safer to use the term "troll" to apply only to insubstantial irritation.

Examples

Common types of troll messages:

An example of a troll message in the newer sense would be one that denounces a particular religion in a religion newsgroup -- though historically, this would have been called "flamebait".

A variant of the second variety (inflammatory messages) involves posting content obviously severely contradictory to the focus of the group or forum- for example, posting cat meat recipes on a pet lovers forum, posting evolutionary theory on a creationist forum, or posting messages about how all dragonss are evil in the USENET group alt.fan.dragons.

Cross posting is a popular method of choice by Usenet trolls: a cross-posted article can be discussed simultaneously in several unrelated and/or opposing newsgroups; this is likely to result in a flame war.

Dealing with trolls

There is some generally-accepted wisdom about dealing with Internet trolls: "Don't feed the trolls, that will only encourage them." That is, do not respond to them, that is the attention they desire. Somebody who does respond to them is likely to hear "YHBT. YHL. HAND." from other members of the group, which means "You have been trolled. You have lost. Have a nice day."

External links

See also

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Troll

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Mythological Beings

A troll is a fictitious humanoid monster of Scandinavian folklore, as in "The Three Billy Goats Gruff," the well-known Scandinavian folk tale in which a troll living under a bridge torments some billy goats that want to cross. Grendel in the poem Beowulf is a closely similar creature. Trolls were popularized outside of Scandinavia by Tolkien.

According to a 1908 Cyclopedia: "Trolls are Dwarfs of Northern mythology, living in hills or mounds; they are represented as stumpy, misshapen, and humpbacked, inclined to thieving, and fond of carrying off children or substituting one of their own offspring for that of a human mother. They are called hill-people, and are especially averse to noise, from a recollection of the time when Thor used to fling his hammer at them." The hammer, Mjolnir, was forged by trolls.

Trolls are one of the most frequent creatures of Scandinavian fairy tales and more common than elves, dwarves, witches and giants. They hoard gold. They come in any size and can be as huge as giants or as small as dwarves. They are however always regarded as having poor intellect (especially the males), big noses, long arms, and as being hairy and not very beautiful (except for certain females). In Scandinavian fairy tales trolls generally turn to stone if exposed to sunlight. They live in the forest and in mountains and sometimes kidnap children that have to live with them. Occasionally they even steal a new-born baby leaving their own offspring, a changeling, in return (an ancient explanation for children born with Down's syndrome). Young Swedish children frequently believe in trolls, and a way to teach children to brush their teeth is to tell them to get rid of the very small "tooth trolls" that otherwise will make holes in their teeth.

In J. R. R. Tolkien's world of Middle-earth, trolls are very large (around 9 feet tall) humanoids of poor intellect. They turn to stone when exposed to sunlight and they enjoy eating hobbits and dwarves. In The Lord of the Rings, a new breed appears, called the Olog-Hai. Unlike the old trolls, they are capable of speech and movement under sunlight. It is unknown how Sauron the Enemy managed to breed them - though it is stated by an Ent that Trolls were "made in mockery of" Ents, similarly to the way that Orcs were bred from captured and tormented Elves. It is not known how serious this hint is intended to be, as Tolkien did not discuss in detail the ways in which "good" beings could be corrupted to evil.

In the Discworld books by Terry Pratchett, Trolls are large creatures who are composed of rock. They have a tendency towards violence, and their intelligence is inversely proportional to their temperature, making them quite unintelligent in warm climates.

In the Dungeons & Dragons Role-playing game trolls are tall and skinny monsters with large, pointy noses and green skin. In D&D, trolls steadily regenerate all damage unless it is caused by acid or fire. (This version of troll originated with the Poul Anderson story Three Hearts and Three Lions.)

In the Earthdawn role-playing game, trolls are a tall, muscular and honorable race which players can role-play. Earthdawn trolls have curling horns like goats, lots of body hair and enlarged lower canines.

In Harry Potter, trolls are giant monsters that kill everyone they encounter. In Harry Potter and the Philosepher's Stone Harry and Ron save Hermione from a full-grown mountain troll. There are a few other subsequent mentions of trolls; for example it was rumored that Harry's Firebolt, which Dolores Umbridge "confiscated" was guraded by troll. In the film, the troll was animated with computer-generated imagery.

Alternative meanings

Troll Gas Platform

A gas platform; one of the greatest engineering projects in history. Built by Norske Shell, the platform was a TV sensation when it was towed into the North Sea in 1996. There it was handed over to Statoil. It reaches the sea floor, 303 metres below the surface of the Norwegian Sea. Gas rises from 40 wells, and is exported through a number of pipes.

Trolling (walking)

Can mean walking, this is more or less basic slang now (from stroll), but it used to be polari.

Trolling (fishing)

The practice of fishing by drawing a baited line or lure behind a boat. See trolling for fish.

Internet Trolling

The Jargon File supports the position that the term Internet troll comes from the second meaning (to "fish" for gullible responses) rather than the first (to act like a generally vile and troublesome creature). However, as per the D&D Monster Manual, it does appear that the most loathsome Internet trolls do in fact regenerate, and reappear again and again under an ever-increasing proliferation of aliases and IP numbers. Thus both meanings may be equally valid.

Middle English

In Middle English the word troll (derived from French trou 'hole') was used with the meaning 'hole', especially to designate wounds by sword or knife, comparable to 'touché' (literally 'touched') to say 'you are pierced'; with this meaning it was used in many translations of ancient texts into English, still available; later this term was derogatively applied to those women who followed soldiers with the purpose of prostitution; these meanings are now obsolete.

Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie

A Canadian band known for songs like "The Toronto Song" or "The War of 1812." Members have been Wes Borg, Neil Grahn, Joe Bird, and Cathleen Rootsaert.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Troll."

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Troll (black metal band)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Troll was founded by Nagash Blackheart, formerly of Dimmu Borgir. It started as quite boring, repetitious black metal on the Trollstorm over Nidinjuv release, then progressed into heavily produced keyboard laden symphonic blackmetal, and now he's added a couple more members. Lyrical themes are about trolls versus christianity, it is very tongue-in-cheek.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Troll (black metal band)."

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Synonyms within Context: Troll

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Demon

Vampire, ghoul; afreet, barghest, Loki; ogre, ogress; gnome, gin, jinn, imp, deev, lamia; bogie, bogeyman, bogle; nis, kobold, flibbertigibbet, fairy, brownie, pixy, elf, dwarf, urchin; Puck, Robin Goodfellow; leprechaun, Cluricaune, troll, dwerger, sprite, ouphe, bad fairy, nix, nixie, pigwidgeon, will-o'-the wisp.

Rotation

Verb: rotate; roll along; revolve, spin; turn round; circumvolve; circulate; gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, pirouette; twirl, trundle, troll, bowl.

Velocity

Verb: move quickly, trip, fisk; speed, hie, hasten, post, spank, scuttle; scud, scuddle; scour, scour the plain; scamper; run like mad, beat it; fly, race, run a race, cut away, shot, tear, whisk, zoom, swoosh, sweep, skim, brush; cut along, bowl along, barrel along, barrel; scorch, burn up the track; rush; (be violent); dash on, dash off, dash forward; bolt; trot, gallop, amble, troll, bound, flit, spring, dart, boom; march in quick time, march in double time; ride hard, get over the ground.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Troll

English words defined with "troll": Trolled, Trolling, Troul, Trowl. (references)
Specialty definitions using "troll": dory boatflame baitgangingKvikkalkulTO TROLL, troll line, trolling line, Troll-O-MeterUnder-the-Bridge BeastieYHBT. (references)
Etymologies containing "troll": trollop. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Troll" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

French (troll), German (gnome, troll), Italian (troll), Swedish (charm, elf, goblin, hobgoblin, ogre, troll).

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Modern Usage: Troll

DomainUsage

Screenplays

They have a cave troll. (The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring; writing credit: Frances Walsh)

Burglekutt, you're troll dung (Willow; writing credit: Bob Dolman; George Lucas)

And Olaf the troll god's enchanted hammer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer)

Not unless you like Troll Head (The 10th Kingdom; writing credit: Simon Moore)

Troll! Troll (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone; writing credit: Steven Kloves)

Movie/TV Titles

Troll (1971)

The Little Troll Prince (1995)

Troll 2 (1990)

Song Titles

Sam's Rhyme of the Troll (performing artist: JRR Tolkien)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Troll

DomainTitle

Books

  

Theater & Movies

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Troll

Photos:
Troll

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Troll

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Troll

More pictures...

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Digital Photo Gallery: Troll
 

"Green troll" by Thomas Michael Burgey, Germany
Commentary: "A green troll taken at heligan gardens, cornwall, england in 1999."
"Troll" by Bjarte Kvinge Tvedt
Commentary: "A nice troll. ."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Usage Frequency: Troll

"Troll" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 90.80% of the time. "Troll" is used about 87 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)90.8%7937,388
Noun (proper)8.05%7133,076
Lexical Verb (infinitive)1.15%1339,140
                    Total100.00%87N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Troll

The following table summarizes the usage of "troll" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
TrollLast name30028,208
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Troll

Expressions using "troll": troll drum Troll flower troll line troll lining Troll plate. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "troll": troll-like, troll-madam, Troll-O-Meter.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Troll

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

troll

992

internet troll

11

troll doll

122

troll 2

10

picture of troll

88

dam troll

10

troll book club

79

a troll in central park

10

troll book

44

the troll garden

9

russ troll

25

troll of norway

8

baggie dead in three troll

23

troll movie

8

treasure troll

21

horny troll

8

troll and toad

19

history troll

8

dead three troll

19

communication troll

8

cave troll

18

fremont troll

8

norwegian troll

17

new troll

8

battle troll

16

associate troll

8

tunnel and troll

16

art clip troll

7

heine troll

16

troll story

7

heines troll

16

title troll

7

pic troll

14

remote troll

7

toy troll

13

fold n troll

7

ray troll

12

motor troll

6

totally troll

11

art troll

6

nyform troll

6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Troll

Language Translations for "troll"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

karrem (bait, carrot, decoy, lure, worm), këndoj (cantillate, Carol, crow, descant, sing), fill peshkimi. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏غناء تعاقبي, ‏تنزه (hike, knock around, mosey, parade, perambulate, picnic, promenade, ramble, stretch one's legs, stroll, tramp, walk), ‏طعم (diet, engraft, feed, fill, implant, inlay, inoculate, keep, nourish, relish, savor, savour, taste, transplant), ‏صاد بالصنارة (angle), ‏جبار خرافي, ‏القزم (pygmy), ‏أغنية تنشد بالتعاقب. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

трол, канон (round). (various references)

   

Czech

  

trol, zpìv (canto, singing, song), prozpìvovat si, chytat ryby (fish), chycení (capture, catch, seizure). (various references)

   

Danish

  

slaebeline (troll line, trolling line), slaebe/line (troll line, trolling line), doerg (troll line, trolling line), dørgeline (troll line, trolling line), dørgefiskeri (railing, troll lining, trolling, whiffing). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

trolling (railing, troll lining, trolling, whiffing), visserij met sleeplijn (railing, troll lining, trolling, whiffing), vislijnen van de troller (troll line, trolling line), sleeplijnvisserij (railing, troll lining, trolling, whiffing), sleeplijnen (troll line, trolling line), sleephengelen (railing, troll lining, trolling, whiffing), sleephengel (troll line, trolling line), sleep/hengel (troll line, trolling line), lijnvisserij (railing, troll lining, trolling, whiffing). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

چرخیدن (Pivot, Reel, Revolve, Rollup, Rotate, Swing, Trill, Trundle, Turquoise, Twirl, Wheel, Whirl, Windmill, Wry), چرخاندن گرداندن , چرخش (Evolution, Gyration, Revolution, Roll, Swirl, Tumble, Turquoise, Twirl, Wheel, Whirl, Wrench, Wrest), گشتن (Go, Goggle, Grow, Roam, Roll, Search, Swirl, Trundle, Turquoise), غول یاجن ساکن غاروکوه , سراءیدن (Intone, Sing, Warble), دایره وارحرکت کردن (Orbit). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

rallattaa, peikko (bugbear, goblin), hiisi. (various references)

   

French

  

troll, se balader (go for a trip, traipse, tread lightly), pêcher à la traîne, chanter vigoureusement. (various references)

   

German

  

troll (gnome), trällern (lilt, to troll, trill, warble). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

γίγασ (giant), νάνοσ (dwarf, elf, gnome, lilliputian, manikin, midget, minim, pigmy, pygmy, runt), αγκιστρεύω (angle, fish, hook), τρωγλοδύτησ (burrower, troglodyte), τραγουδώ με όρεξη, τραγουδώ εύθυμα. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

לדוג בחכה (angle), ענק מפלצתי (ogre). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

manó (boggle, bogy, brownie, elf, elfin, elves, flibbertigibbet, gnome, goblin, hobgoblin, imp, leprechaun, pigmy, pixie, pixy, pygmy, sprite), kánon (Canon, catch, round). (various references)

   

Italian

  

troll, cantare alternatamente. (various references)

   

Korean 

  

트롤 (trawl). (various references)

   

Manx

  

trollag (dwarf, elf, gnome, pixie, puck, sprite), troal, speinag (trolling spoon), rollian (axle tree, cylinder, penis, pulley, reel, roller, roulette, shaft, sheave, spindle whorl, spool, whirler, whirler of thing), goaill arrane (busk, sing). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

olltray.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

trinar (carol, chirrup, trill), ser sobrenatural (spirit), rolar (roll, trundle, wheel), pescar com carretilha, isca (bait, cast, decoy, decoy-duck, lure, punk, spunk, tinder), girar (circle, circuit, dance, gyrate, pivot, revolve, slue, slue round, spin, swing, trundle, turn, turn around, turn back, turn round, twiddle, wind), espécie de rondó, duende travesso, cantarolar (croon, ditty, hum, sing), cantar alegremente. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

revenire (come back, home, recurrence, return). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

распевать тролль, распевать (trolled), тролль, блесна (kill-devil, minnow, spoon bait, spoon-bait). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

vrsta obredne pesme, vilenjak (sprite), pevati redom, pecati povlačenjem udice, pecanje povlačenjem udice, obilaženje (go round, itineracy, itinerancy, itineration, perambulation, rounding, visitation), mamac (allure, bait, decoy, gentle, lure, spoon bait, stalking horse), kotrljanje (coasting, roll, trundle, wheeling), kepec (dwarf, manikin, midget, pigmy), glasno pevati. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

pescar con caña (angle), gnomo (gnome). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

troll (charm, elf, goblin, hobgoblin, ogre), tralla (trolley, warble), jätte (giant, jumbo, ogre, titan). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

trol (drag, trawl, trawl net), oltayla balık tutmak, olta yemi (bait), muzip cüce, birkaç sesle şarkı söylemek, bağıra bağıra şarkı söylemek. (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

троль, виспівувати. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

quỷ khổng lồ. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Troll

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Old French900-1400

troller. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Troll

Derivations

Words beginning with "troll": trolled, troller, trollers, trolley, trolleybus, trolleybuses, trolleybusses, trolleyed, trolleying, trolleys, trollied, trollies, trolling, trollings, trollop, trollops, trollopy, trolls, trolly, trollying. (additional references)

Words ending with "troll": outroll, stroll. (additional references)

Words containing "troll": comptroller, comptrollers, comptrollership, comptrollerships, controllabilities, controllability, controllable, controlled, controller, controllers, controllership, controllerships, controlling, decontrolled, decontrolling, incontrollable, noncontrollable, noncontrolled, noncontrolling, outrolled, outrolling, outrolls, overcontrolled, overcontrolling, patrolled, patroller, patrollers, patrolling, strolled, stroller, strollers, strolling, strolls, uncontrollabilities, uncontrollability, uncontrollable, uncontrollably, uncontrolled. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Troll" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aroll, broll, groll, teol, thol, Torill, torl, Torola, Torold, treli, trell, trilla, trilli, triol, trogl, troil, trol, trole, Trollac, trollo, trolly, trool, troyl, Trull, trulli, trullo. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Troll"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "troll" (pronounced trō"l)
4t r ō" lcontrol, decontrol, stroll, patrol.
3-r ō" ldroll, enroll, role, roll, scroll.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Troll

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "l-l-o-r-t"

-1 letter: roll, rotl, toll.

-2 letters: lot, ort, rot, tor.

-3 letters: lo, or, to.

 Words containing the letters "l-l-o-r-t"
 

+1 letter: stroll, toller, trolls, trolly.

 

+2 letters: litoral, outroll, reallot, rollout, rolltop, strolls, tollbar, tollers, trolled, troller, trolley, trollop.

 

+3 letters: allotter, antiroll, balloter, bellwort, clitoral, collaret, collator, drollest, extoller, fellator, foretell, littoral, martello, mortally, outrolls, pollster, polluter, preallot, reallots, rollouts, rostella, rototill, solleret, strolled, stroller, tollbars, tornillo, tortilla, trillion, trilobal, trollers, trolleys, trollied, trollies, trolling, trollops, trollopy, ultralow.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Slideshow
6. Images: Digital Art
7. Usage Frequency
8. Names: Frequency
9. Expressions
10. Expressions: Internet
11. Translations: Modern
12. Translations: Ancient
13. Derivations
14. Rhymes
15. Anagrams
16. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.