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Tree

Definition: Tree

Tree

Noun

1. A tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

2. A figure that branches from a single root; "genealogical tree".

3. English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (1853-1917).

Verb

1. Chase a bear up a tree with dogs and kill it.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

Date "tree" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Specialty Definition: Tree

Domain	Definition
Satire	TREE, n. A tall vegetable intended by nature to serve as a penal apparatus, though through a miscarriage of justice most trees bear only a negligible fruit, or none at all. When naturally fruited, the tree is a beneficient agency of civilization and an important factor in public morals. In the stern West and the sensitive South its fruit (white and black respectively) though not eaten, is agreeable to the public taste and, though not exported, profitable to the general welfare. That the legitimate relation of the tree to justice was no discovery of Judge Lynch (who, indeed, conceded it no primacy over the lamp-post and the bridge-girder) is made plain by the following passage from Morryster, who antedated him by two centuries: While in yt londe I was carried to see ye Ghogo tree, whereof I had hearde moch talk; but sayynge yt I saw naught remarkabyll in it, ye hed manne of ye villayge where it grewe made answer as followeth: "Ye tree is not nowe in fruite, but in his seasonne you shall see dependynge fr. his braunches all soch as have affroynted ye King his Majesty." And I was furder tolde yt ye worde "Ghogo" sygnifyeth in yr tong ye same as "rapscal" in our owne. Trauvells in ye Easte. Source: Devil's Dictionary.
Computing	Tree A directed acyclic graph; i.e. a graph wherein there is only one route between any pair of nodes, and there is a notion of "toward top of the tree" (i.e. the root node), and its opposite direction, toward the leaves. A tree with n nodes has n-1 edges. Although maybe not part of the widest definition of a tree, a common constraint is that no node can have more than one parent. Moreover, for some applications, it is necessary to consider a node's daughter nodes to be an ordered list, instead of merely a set. As a data structure in computer programs, trees are used in everything from B-trees in databases and file systems, to game trees in game theory, to syntax trees in a human or computer languages. (1998-11-12). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Electrical Engineering	A connected set of branches joining all the nodes of a network without forming a loop. Source: European Union. (references)
Math	A binary search tree in which nodes have another key, called the priority. Operations also keep nodes in heap order with regard to the priority. (references)
Mining	A. Visible projection of electrodeposited metal formed at a site of high current density b. A thick log used as a prop in heavy ground. A prop, leg, or puncheon. See also:treed c. The fulcrum for the lever used in boring d. A treelike aggregate of crystals, which forms from solution on asuspended substrate that induces crystallization. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Fruit tree

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A fruit tree is a tree bearing fruit — the structures formed by the ripened ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. However, because all trees of flowering plants produce fruit (essentially all trees except tree ferns and gymnosperms), the term in horticultural usage applies to trees providing fruit as human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include fruit in a culinary sense as well as some nut bearing trees, like walnuts .
Examples of tree fruit include:

Almond
Appless
Cherries
Morello cherries
Pears
Peaches and Nectarines
Plums

See also

Fruit tree forms
Fruit tree pollination
Fruit tree propagation
Orchards
Pruning fruit trees

Food | List of fruits | List of vegetables
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fruit tree."

Tree

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

simple:Tree

This article is about the biological meaning of tree. For other meanings of the word see tree (graph theory) and tree data structure.

Baobab tree in South-Africa
A tree is defined as a perennial plant at least 4.5 m (15 ft) high at maturity, and with branches supported on a single main stem. Trees are important components of the natural landscape and significant elements in landscaping. Compared with most other forms of plants, trees are long-lived. A few species of trees grow to over 100 m (300 ft) tall and some live for several millennia.
The component parts of a tree are the roots, trunk(s), branches, twigs and leaves. Tree stems consist mainly of support and transport tissues (xylem and phloem). In fact, wood consists of xylem cells, and the bark is primarily made of phloem. As a tree grows, it creates growth rings, which can be counted in temperate climates to determine the age of the tree, and used to date cores or even lumber taken from trees in the past, using the science of dendrochronology. The roots of a tree are generally embedded in earth, providing anchorage for the above-ground biomass and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the trunk gives height to the leaf-bearing branches, aiding in competition with other plant species for sunlight. In many trees the arrangement of the branches optimize exposure of the leaves to sunlight.
A small group of trees growing together is called a grove or coppice, and a landscape covered of many trees is called a forest. Several biotopes are defined largely by the trees that inhabit them, for example, the rainforest and the taiga. Large, but scattered trees with grassland (usually burned over periodically) in between is called a savanna.
Not all trees have the plant organs mentioned above. For examples: most palmss are not branched, the saguaro cactus of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not have bark, etc. Based on their rough shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees. Indeed, sometimes size is the most important consideration. A plant form that is similar to a tree, but generally having smaller, multiple trunks and/or branches that arise near the ground, is called a shrub. However, no sharp differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible.
Trees often serve as important symbols in mythologies and religions. Examples are Yggdrasil in the Norse Mythology, the Christmas Tree that is derived from Germanicic mythology, the Tree of Knowledge of Judaism and Christianity, and the Bodhi tree in Buddhism. In some religions, such as Hinduism, trees are said to be the homes of tree spirits.
Trees occur in many diverse families of plants, and thus show a wide variety of leaf types and shapes, bark, flowers, fruit, etc. The earliest trees were probably tree ferns, which grew in vast forests. Later the gymnosperms, ginkgos and cycads appeared (most modern cycads no longer appear as trees). Most species of trees today are flowering plants and conifers. The list below gives some examples of well known trees and how they are typically classified.

Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta)

Aceraceae family
Norway Maple, Acer platanoides
European Sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus
Red maple, Acer rubrum
Aquifoliaceae family
Common Holly, Ilex aquifolium
Tarajo Holly, Ilex latifolia
Betulaceae family
Common Alder, Alnus glutinosa
Silver Birch, Betula pendula
Fagaceae family
Sweet Chestnut, Castanea sativa
American Beech, Fagus grandifolia
Oriental Beech, Fagus orientalis
Common Beech, Fagus sylvatica
Black Beech, Nothofagus solandri
English Oak, Quercus robur
Fouquieriaceae family
Boojum, Fouquieria columnaris
Juglandaceae family
Common Walnut, Juglans Regia
Black Walnut, Juglans nigra
Hickories, Carya species
Leguminosae family
Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Pau Brasil, Brazilwood, South American Redwood, Caesalpinia echinata
Sappanwood, East Indian Redwood, Caesalpinia sappan
Meliaceae family (Mahogany family)
Neem, Azadirachta indica (A. Juss)
Thai Neem, Azadirachta siamensis
Marango, Azadirachta excelsa (Jack)
Persian Lilac, Melia azedarach
Melia toosendan
Gurke, Melia volkensii
Mahogany, Swietenia mahagoni
Myristicaceae family
Nutmeg, Mysristica fragrans
Myrtaceae family
Silver Gum, Eucalyptus cordata
Oleaceae family
Olive, Olea europaea
Palmae family, also called Palmaceae or Arecaceae, the palm family
Areca Nut, sometimes miscalled "Betel Nut", Areca catechu
Coconut Cocos nucifera
Canary Island Date Palm, Phoenix canariensis
date Palm, Phoenix dactylifera
Chusan Palm, Trachycarpus fortunei
Rhizophoraceae, the mangrove family
Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle
Rosaceae family
Common Hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna
apple, Malus domestica
Apricot, Prunus armeniaca
Almond, Prunus dulcis
Fuji Cherry, Prunus incisa
Peach, Prunus persica
Pear, Pyrus communis
Rowan, Sorbus aucuparia
Rubiaceae family
coffee, Coffea arabica
coffee, Coffea robusta
Rutaceae family
Lime, Citrus aurantiifolia
Sour Orange, Citrus aurantium, Citrus bigaradia, Citrus vulgaris
Sweet Orange, Citrus sinensis
Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi
Mandarin, also called Tangerine, Citrus reticulata, Citrus nobilis
Lemon, Citrus limon, Citrus limonum
Satsuma, Citrus unshiu, Citrus reticulata, Citrus nobilis
Salicaceae family
Aspen, Populus tremula
Sapotaceae family
Tambalacoque, or dodo tree, Sideroxylon grandiflorum, previously Calvaria major
Sterculiaceae family
Cacao, the source of cocoa, Theobroma cacao
Tiliaceae family. The Lime trees in this family are also known as Linden trees: see Tilia.
Basswood (also known as American Lime or American Linden), Tilia americana
Common Lime, Tilia europaea
Mongolian Lime, Tilia mongolica
Silver Lime, Tilia tomentosa, Tilia argentea

Conifers

Family Cupressaceae
Alerce or Patagonian cypress, Fitzroya cupressoides
Eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana
Family Pinaceae
Norway spruce, Picea abies
European larch, Larix decidua
Stone pine, Pinus pinea
Monterey pine, Pinus Radiata
White pine, Pinus strobus
Scots Pine, Pinus sylvestris
Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii
Bigcone Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga macrocarpa
Family Taxodiaceae
Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica
California coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens
Giant sequoia or Giant redwood, Sequoiadendron giganteum
Chinese dawn redwood, Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Bald cypresseses, Taxodium distichum, T. ascendens, T. mucronatum

Ginkgos

Ginkgoaceae family
Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba

Ferns

Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae families
Tree ferns, Cyathea, Alsophila, Dicksonia

See also

Trees of the world
Trees of Britain and Ireland
Trees of Canada
Trees of The Caribbean Basin
Trees of New Zealand
Fruit trees
Woodland management
Bonsai
Arboreta
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tree."

Tree (graph theory)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In graph theory, a tree is a graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. A forest is a graph in which any two vertices are connected by at most one path. Each forest is a disjoint union of trees (hence the name).

Definitions
An undirected simple graph G is a tree if it satisfies one (and therefore all) of the following equivalent conditions:

G is connected and has no simple cycles
G has no simple cycles and, if any edge is added to G, then a simple cycle is formed
G is connected and, if any edge is removed from G, then it is not connected anymore
Any two vertices in G can be connected by a unique simple path.
If G has finitely many vertices, say n of them, then the above statements are also equivalent to:
G is connected and has n-1 edges
G has no simple cycles and has n-1 edges

An undirected simple graph G is called a forest if it has no simple cycles.

Example
The example tree shown to the right has 6 vertices and 6-1=5 edges. The unique simple path connecting the vertices 2 and 6 is 2-4-5-6.

Facts
Every tree is planar and bipartite.
Every connected graph G admits a spanning tree, which is a tree that contains every vertex of G and whose edges are edges of G.
Given n different vertices, there are n^n-2 different ways to connect them to make a tree. No closed formula for the number t(n) of trees with n vertices up to graph isomorphism is known. However, the asymptotic behavior of t(n) is known: there are numbers α≈3 and β≈0.5 such that

Types of Trees

Free tree
Rooted tree
Ordered tree
Binary tree
Full binary tree
Positional tree
Empty tree
K-ary tree
Charles' tree

See also Tree structure.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tree (graph theory)."

Tree and hypertree networks

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Tree and hypertree networks are important special cases of star network topologies, q.v.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tree and hypertree networks."

Tree data structure

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In computer science, a tree is a computer data structure that emulates a tree structure with a set of linked nodes. Each node has zero or more child nodes, which are below it in the tree (in computer science, unlike in nature, trees grow down, not up). The node of which a node is a child is called its parent node. A child has at most one parent; a node without a parent is called the root node (or root). Nodes with no children are called leaf nodes.
In graph theory, a tree is a connected acyclic graph. A rooted tree is such a graph with a vertex singled out as the root. In this case, any two vertices connected by an edge inherit a parent-child relationship. An acyclic graph with multiple connected components or a set of rooted trees is sometimes called a forest.
In a tree data structure, there is no distinction between the various children of a node --- none is the "first child" or "last child". A tree in which such distinctions are made is called an ordered tree, and data structures built on them are called ordered tree data structures. Ordered trees are by far the commonest form of tree data structure.
Binary trees are one kind of ordered tree, and there is a one-to-one mapping between binary trees and general ordered trees.
There are many different ways to represent trees; common representations represent the nodes as records allocated on the heap with pointers to their children, their parents, or both, or as items in an array, with relationships between them determined by their positions in the array (e.g., binary heap).

Examples

http://www.aisee.com/graphs

Related Terms

binary space partition
heap
tree (graph theory)
tree search algorithm
tree structure
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tree data structure."

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Tree

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
TREE	English	Trans European employment	Computing, Language
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Synonym: Tree

Synonym: tree diagram (n). (additional references)

Synonyms within Context: Tree

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Bane	Hemlock, hellebore, nightshade, belladonna, henbane, aconite; banewort, bhang, ganja, hashish; Upas tree.
Calefaction	Coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha, fuel oil (fuel); wax, paraffin; residue, tar.
Difference	Different thing, something else, apple off another tree, another pair of shoes; horse of a different color; this that or the other.
Difficulty	Reduced to straits; hard pressed, sorely pressed; run hard; pinched, put to it, straitened; hard up, hard put to it, hard set; put to one's shifts; puzzled, at a loss; (uncertain); at the end of one's tether, at the end of one's rope, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus, at a standstill; graveled, nonplused, nonplussed, stranded, aground; stuck fast, set fast; up a tree, at bay, aux abois, driven into a corner, driven from pillar to post, driven to extremity, driven to one's wit's end, driven to the wall; au bout de son Latin; out of one's depth; thrown out.
Eventuality	Adverb: eventually; in the event of, in case, just in case; in the course of things; as things, times go; as the world goes, wags; as the tree falls, cat jumps; as it may turn out, happen.
Knowledge	Tree of knowledge; republic of letters; (language).
Paternity	House, stem, trunk, tree, stock, stirps, pedigree, lineage, line, family, tribe, sept, race, clan; genealogy, descent, extraction, birth, ancestry; forefathers, forbears, patriarchs.
Repute	Greatness; Adjective: eminence; height; importance; preeminence, supereminence; high mightiness, primacy; top of the ladder, top of the tree.
	Eminent, prominent; high; in the zenith; at the head of, at the top of the tree; peerless, of the first water.; superior; supereminent, preeminent.
Scourge	Scaffold; block, ax, guillotine; stake; cross; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter, bowstring; death chair, electric chair; gas chamber; lethal injection; firing squad; mecate.
Similarity	Phrase: et sic de similibus; tel maitre tel valet; tel pere tel fils; like master, like servant; like father, like son; the fruit doesn't fall far from the tree; a chip off the old block
Summit	Adverb: atop, at the top of the tree.
Unskillfulness	Mistake; take the shadow for the substance; (credulity); bark up the wrong tree; be in the wrong box, aim at a pigeon and kill a crow; take the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong sow by the ear, get the dirty end of the stick; put the saddle on the wrong horse, put a square peg into a round hole, put new wine into old bottles.
Vegetable	Plant; tree, shrub, bush; creeper; herb, herbage; grass.
	Flower, blossom, bine; flowering plant; timber tree, fruit tree; pulse, legume.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Tree

Non-English Usage: "Tree" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Dutch (rung, stair, step), Frisian (rung, stair, step), Manx (three, trey).

Modern Usage: Tree

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	The tree lights up, I press the button No wait, I press the button and -- (Batman Returns; writing credit: Bob Kane; Daniel Waters) The tree is talking (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers; writing credit: Frances Walsh) A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit (The Night of the Hunter; writing credit: James Agee; Davis Grubb) Frisky was caught in a tree! This man swooped down out of the sky and gave him to me (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster) It's so sad. Her mom and dad found her hanging from a tree limb, her insides on the outside (Scream; writing credit: Kevin Williamson)
Lyrics	EVERYTHING FORM CHASING A CAT TO PISSING ON A TREE (Come Back In One Piece; performing artist: Aaliyah) I chased that rabbit up her bodi tree (Sunshine; performing artist: Aerosmith) Spread out like a Limbo tree (Limbo Rock/Hand Jive; performing artist: Brave Combo) All dressed up like a downtown Christmas tree (Sweet Little Rock'n'Roller; performing artist: Chuck Berry) Wonder if my rope's still hangin' to the tree. (GREEN RIVER; performing artist: Creedence Clearwater Revival)
Clever	Stolen Painting Found by Tree (references; author: unknown) Never stand between a dog and a tree. (references; author: unknown) A tree never hits an automobile except in self-defense. (references; author: unknown) A person without knowledge of his history is like a tree without roots. (references; author: unknown) The best time to plant an oak tree is 20 years ago, the next best time is right now! (references; author: unknown)
Tongue Twisters	Tiny Timmy trims the tall tree with tinsel. (references; author: unknown)
Movie/TV Titles	Joshua Tree (2002) The Linden Tree (1974) A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1974) Baobab: Portrait of a Tree (1973) The House Without a Christmas Tree (1972)
Song Titles	Lemon Tree (performing artist: The Kingston Trio) Lemon Tree (performing artist: Paul and Mary Peter) Tie A Yellow Ribbon 'Round the Ole Oak Tree (performing artist: Tony Orlando & Dawn)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Commercial Usage: Tree

Domain	Title
References	Learning Tree International, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Dollar Tree Stores, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) The 2001 Report on Fruits and Tree Nuts: World Market Segmentation by City (reference) The World Market for Whole Cinnamon and Cinnamon Tree Flowers: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference) The 2001 Long-Run Global Growth Prospects for Fruits and Tree Nuts: A Physioeconomic Perspective (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	House by the bo tree (reference) Women under the Bo Tree (reference) Desert Giant: The World of the Saguaro Cactus (Bash, Barbara. Tree Tales.) (reference) In the Heart of the Village: The World of the Indian Banyan Tree (Bash, Barbara. Tree Tales.) (reference) The World Tree (The Daughters of Bast) (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Family Tree (reference) Friends Of Tree City Usa Membership (reference) International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association Membership (reference) Tree Builders (reference) Tree Care Industry (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Fig Tree (reference) A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (reference) Once Upon a Tree - Bionic Beaver/Hide and Seek (Vol. 3) (reference) A House without a Christmas Tree (reference) The Berenstain Bears' Christmas Tree (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	San Francisco Girls: The Best of Fever Tree (reference) The Apple Tree (1966 Original Broadway Cast) [CAST RECORDING] (reference) High Atop the Giving Tree (reference) Butterfly Tree (reference) Tree Line: Music from Canada and Japan (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	Family Tree Maker 9.0 Deluxe (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods	Tree Spirit 14-Inch Maple Heavy Duty Square Spoon (reference) Tree Spirit Maple Honey Dripper (reference) Corona Clipper RL6550 14' Professional Compound Action Tree Pruner 1204-1943 (reference) Corona Clipper TP-3841 Compound Action Tree Pruner (reference) Ryobi 180966R Tree Pruner Replacement Blade (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Image Slideshow: Tree

Photo Album: Tree

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Seen are the forests in the Pacific Northwest where the Pacific yew tree (taxus brevifolin) grows. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.		After the bark is peeled off the Pacific yew tree (taxus brevifolin), it is ground up. Taxol is then extracted and purified to produce the chemotherapy drug to treat a variety of cancers. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.
	Tree hole, Aedes mediovittatus mosquito breeding site. Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Credit: CDC.		Pine tree damaged by lightning, Atlanta, Georgia. Credit: CDC.
	Pole tower built from native timber at Takhini West Base Note signal flag on tree Triangulation party of F. B. Quinn. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		Signal built on tree at Station WADE Party off of HYDROGRAPHER. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
	"Lava trees" formed when lava cools around tree trunks are quite tall. Credit: America's Coastlines.		A "lava tree" formed by lava cooling around the tree trunk - some like this one. Credit: America's Coastlines.
	An eagle in a fir tree. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth.		Eagles on tree at Little Port Walter. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Digital Photo Gallery: Tree


"Black cat in tree" by Kristof Van Cauwenberg Commentary: "Black cat in tree."	"Green Tree" by Typofabrik.de Commentary: "A tree photographed at night with a neon light shining and giving a green touch to the scene. Made with a Lomo."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

Sounds Captioned with "Tree".

Play	Caption	Play	Caption
	Bell tree played in an ascending manner.		A bell tree being played in an ascending manner.
	A bell tree played in an ascending manner.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Familiar Quotations: Tree

Author	Quotation
Abraham Lincoln	The shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing.
Aristippus	Native ability without education is like a tree without fruit.
Euripides	Judge a tree from its fruit; not from the leaves.
John Pierpont Morgan	You can't pick cherries with your back to the tree.
Lao Tse	The bird chooses its tree, not the tree the bird.
Publilius Syrus	You should go to a pear tree for pears, not to an elm.
Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree	Cynicism is the humor of hatred.
	People are too apt to treat God as if he were a minor royalty.
Thomas Campbell	The patriot's blood's the seed of Freedom's tree.
Virgil	As a twig is bent the tree inclines.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Historic Usage: Tree

Author	Date	Quotation
Communist Manifesto	1848	In political practice, therefore, they join in all coercive measures against the working class; and in ordinary life, despite their high falutin phrases, they stoop to pick up the golden apples dropped from the tree of industry, and to barter truth, love, and honour for traffic in wool, beetroot-sugar, and potato spirits. (reference)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Use in Literature: Tree

Title	Author	Quote
Alice in Wonderland	Carroll, Lewis	As she said this, she looked up, and there was the Cat again, sitting on a branch of a tree.
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	A spruce little bird, probably in love, was singing desperately in a tall tree.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	Joyce, James	They were not to eat of the fruit of the forbidden tree.
Grapes of Wrath	Steinbeck, John	Well, once my old man hung up a dead coyote in that tree.
Walden	Thoreau, Henry David	Before I had done I was more the friend than the foe of the pine tree, though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Non-Fiction Usage: Tree

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		A male red bat rests for the day in a maple tree during fall migration south from Canada. (references)
		Silver-haired bats often roost in tree cavities or in bark crevices on tree trunks, especially during migration. (references)
		These ducts are sometimes called the biliary tree. The pancreas is a large gland that produces chemicals that help with digestion. (references)
Business		Fruit tree yards are also fundamental agricultural activities. (references)
		Among them was 16-year-old Alfredo Ramirez Santiago, who was hanged by the neck from a tree and beaten on the head and body. (references)
		Industry specialists believe U.S. equipment manufacturers should find a growing market in Argentina because of the increased trend toward mechanization of tree harvesting. (references)
Children	Mexico	An example of this educational approach is the Tree House (La Casa del Arbol), an interactive learning project sponsored by the Human Rights Commission of Mexico City. (references)
Economic History	Italy	The Olive Tree coalition now sits in the opposition. (references)
	Greece	Good quality tree nuts are mostly used as snack food. (references)
Human Rights	Nicaragua	The bus crashed into a tree and the passengers subsequently took cover in nearby bushes. (references)
	Namibia	On August 15, Joseph Simbinde Muvundu reportedly was arrested in Nkurunkuru village, accused of being a UNITA commander, and tied to a tree overnight. (references)
	India	In June NDFB militants shot 10 tribal woodcutters in Kokrajhar District, apparently because the cutters had defied an NDFB ban on tree falling in the area. (references)
Political Economy	Italy	The other, larger, main component of the Olive Tree is the Democrats of the Left (DS). (references)
	Papua New Guinea	The economy relies heavily on the export of minerals, hydrocarbons, tropical timber, and tree crops such as coffee, cocoa, and copra; national income is sensitive to changes in world commodity prices. (references)
	Italy	The main spokesman for the center-left Olive Tree coalition is former Rome Mayor Francesco Rutelli, who was the center-left's designated candidate for Prime Minister in the May elections and heads the centrist Daisy coalition. (references)
Travel	Honduras	Hotel construction projects in the country include the Crowne Plaza in Tegucigalpa, and the Iguana Bay Hotel, Hotel Coconut Tree, and Park Hyatt Resort in the Bay Islands, among others. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	EMBALM, v.i. To cheat vegetation by locking up the gases upon which it feeds. By embalming their dead and thereby deranging the natural balance between animal and vegetable life, the Egyptians made their once fertile and populous country barren and incapable of supporting more than a meagre crew. The modern metallic burial casket is a step in the same direction, and many a dead man who ought now to be ornamenting his neighbor's lawn as a tree, or enriching his table as a bunch of radishes, is doomed to a long inutility. We shall get him after awhile if we are spared, but in the meantime the violet and rose are languishing for a nibble at his glutoeus maximus.
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Spoken Usage: Tree

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Andrew Weil	Well, there is the tree and cardboard school of health food, which all of us are familiar with. We have a real emphasis on flavor.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Speeches: Tree

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
George Bush	1989-1993	The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Usage Frequency: Tree

"Tree" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.55% of the time. "Tree" is used about 6,393 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.55%	6,364	1,526
Noun (proper)	0.44%	28	65,706
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	0.02%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	6,393	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Derived & Related Names: Tree

The following table summarizes names derived from the word "tree".
Name	Gender	Language	Meaning
Zatthu	N/A	Biblical	Olive tree
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Usage in Company Names: Tree

Country	Name
USA	Dollar Tree Stores, Inc.
	(more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

Expressions: Tree

Expressions using "tree": abstract syntax tree ♦ acacia tree ♦ African calabash tree ♦ Ague tree ♦ akee tree ♦ alder tree ♦ allspice tree ♦ Almond tree ♦ Amber tree ♦ american angelica tree ♦ american smoke tree ♦ American wayfaring tree ♦ anchored tree protection ♦ anchored tree revetment ♦ anchovy pear tree ♦ Angelica tree ♦ angiospermous tree ♦ anise tree ♦ Apple tree ♦ apricot tree ♦ ash tree ♦ aspen tree ♦ at the top of a tree ♦ at the top of the tree ♦ australian grass tree ♦ australian nettle tree ♦ avocado tree ♦ axle tree ♦ balanced tree ♦ balata tree ♦ balsam tree ♦ banana tree ♦ banian tree ♦ banyan tree ♦ bark tree ♦ bark up the wrong tree ♦ barren tree ♦ bay tree ♦ bayberry tree ♦ bayrum tree ♦ be at the top of the tree ♦ be up a gum tree ♦ be up a tree ♦ Bead tree ♦ Beam tree ♦ bean tree ♦ beech tree ♦ bendy tree ♦ big tree ♦ binary tree ♦ birch Tree ♦ bird cherry tree ♦ Bito tree ♦ bitter orange tree ♦ bitterwood tree ♦ black cherry tree ♦ black tree fern ♦ black walnut tree ♦ blackwood tree ♦ Bladder tree ♦ bloodwood tree ♦ bo tree ♦ bonduc tree ♦ boojum tree ♦ boot tree ♦ Bottle tree ♦ Box tree ♦ brazilian pepper tree ♦ brazilian potato tree ♦ bread fruit tree ♦ bread tree ♦ breadfruit tree ♦ broadleaved tree ♦ broom tree ♦ buckwheat tree ♦ Bullet tree ♦ bullock's heart tree ♦ Bully tree ♦ bunya bunya tree ♦ Butter tree ♦ butternut tree ♦ Button tree ♦ buttonball tree ♦ Cabbage tree ♦ cacao tree ♦ calabash tree ♦ calabur tree ♦ California bay tree ♦ California tree poppy ♦ camphor tree ♦ Canary Island til tree ♦ candleberry tree ♦ canistel tree ♦ caoutchouc tree ♦ Caper tree ♦ capulin tree ♦ carambola tree ♦ carob bean tree ♦ carob tree ♦ carve one's name on the trunk of a tree ♦ cashew tree. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "tree": tree-and-branch, tree-and-shrub, tree-bark, tree-based, tree-blood, tree-boa, tree-branches, tree-clad, tree-climbing, tree-column, tree-conversation, tree-cover, tree-covered, tree-creeper, tree-creepers, tree-crowned, tree-crowns, tree-cutting, tree-cyling, tree-decked, tree-diagram, tree-dotted, tree-dozer, tree-dwarf, tree-dwellers, tree-dwelling, tree-farmers, tree-fellers, tree-felling, tree-ferns, tree-filled, tree-flattening, tree-fringed, tree-frog, tree-girt, tree-growing, tree-growth, tree-head, tree-holder, tree-holes, tree-house, tree-killer, tree-light, tree-lights, tree-like, tree-line, tree-lined, tree-living, tree-mendous, tree-nester, tree-nesting, tree-nests, tree-node, tree-oceans, tree-of-life, tree-pipit-like, tree-planting, tree-pruner, tree-rat, tree-rewrite, tree-ring, tree-rings, tree-roosting, tree-root, tree-roots, tree-scapes, tree-search, tree-shade, tree-shaded, tree-shadowed, tree-shaped, tree-sheltered, tree-shrouded, tree-shuttered, tree-sized, tree-snakes, tree-stock, tree-strewn, tree-structure, tree-structured, tree-stump, tree-stumps, tree-top, tree-toppling, tree-tops, tree-tree-tree, tree-trunk, tree-trunks, tree-turns, tree-type, tree-walk, tree-wife, tree-wood, tree-worship, tree-wrecks.
	Ending with "tree": apple-tree, beech-tree, Brain-tree, family-tree, lime-tree, oak-tree, palm-tree, sub-tree, tea-tree.
	Containing "tree": big-tree plum, cherry-tree gum, christmas-tree decoration filled with sweets, christmas-tree illumination, christmas-tree stand, christmas-tree star, christmas-tree-like, dead-tree version, non-tree-hugging, olive-tree agaric, Peach-tree borer, Pine-tree money, Pine-tree State, plane-tree family, plum-tree-cake, spindle-tree family, staff-tree family.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Tree

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
palm tree	15,270	tea tree oil	908
tree	15,178	maple tree	906
family tree	8,500	cherry tree	903
lending tree	4,269	joshua tree	893
christmas tree	3,229	tree nursery	861
joshua tree national park	2,751	money tree	803
tree house	1,977	dollar tree	799
pine tree	1,945	tree picture	769
tree frog	1,693	willow tree	763
friend happy tree	1,495	big tree	724
fruit tree	1,461	artificial christmas tree	674
shade tree	1,433	tree stands	649
red eyed tree frog	1,219	family tree free	637
the christmas tree shop	1,187	tree of life	626
oak tree	1,154	palm tree picture	577
flowering tree	1,121	silk palm tree	570
bonsai tree	1,098	tree identification	556
family tree maker	1,068	magnolia tree	539
frog red tree	989	dogwood tree	494
apple tree	939	tulip tree	490
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Modern Translation: Tree

Language		Translations for "tree"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaans		boom. (various references)

Albanian		dru (drubbing, kindling, thrashing, timber, walloping, wood). (various references)

Arabic		‏هيكل السرج, ‏غرسة (plant), ‏زود بعمود, ‏شجرة الحياة (thuja), ‏شجرة (arbor). (various references)

Asturian		árbol. (various references)

Aymara		qoqa. (various references)

Basque		zuhaitz. (various references)

Bemba		icimuti. (various references)

Blackfoot		miistsís. (various references)

Bulgarian		стойка (attitude, bipod, carriage, crutch, deportment, holder, leg, pier, pillar, port, post, posture, rack, rest, riser, set, stand), укривам се на дърво, родословие (ancestry, genealogy, pedigree), разтягам обувка на калъп, калъп за обуща (boot tree), вал (axle, billow, roller, shaft, spindle), ос (axis, axle, axletree, kingbolt, pin, shaft, shank, spindle, stalk), бесилка (gallows, gallows tree, gibbet, rope), принуждавам да се качи на дърво, поставям в затруднено положение, подпора (abut, abutment, brace, bracing, bracket, counterfort, jamb, pillar, post, prop, puncheon, rest, shore, sprag, stand, stock, stull, support, upright), имам надмощие (prevail), дърво (arbutus, billet, wood). (various references)

Catalan		arbre. (various references)

Cebuano		kahoy. (various references)

Chamorro		tinaitai. (various references)

Chinese		木 (delay, drag out, endure, in order, in sequence, lean to, next to, play for time, stall, suffer, wood), 樹 , 树 (Trees). (various references)

Cornish		gwedhen. (various references)

Czech		strom (Buckthorn, candleberry, cinchona, dogwood, dragon-tree, durmast, guelder rose, hydrangea, judas-tree, live-oak, loblolly-bay, locust tree, quebracho, sassafras, seringa, service tree, Shea, single-tree, sumac, umbrella tree, upas). (various references)

Danish