Toughened

Definition: Toughened

Toughened

Adjective

1. Physically toughened; "the tough bottoms of his feet".

2. Made hard or flexible or resilient especially by heat treatment; "a sword of tempered steel"; "tempered glass".

Date "toughened" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1827. (references)

Synonyms: Toughened

Synonyms: hardened (adj), tempered (adj), tough (adj), treated (adj). (additional references)

Antonyms: tender (adj), untempered (adj). (additional references)

Crosswords: Toughened

English words defined with "toughened": tough. (references)

Etymologies containing "toughened": toughen. (references)

Domain	Title
Books	Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics (reference) Toughened Composites (Astm Special Technical Publication, No 937) (reference) Toughened Plastics (reference) Toughened Plastics I: Science and Engineering (Advances in Chemistry, No 233) (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	High school Victory Corps. By the time these boys are old enough to join America's fighting forces they will be toughened to commando standards. Flushing High School, Queens, New York, has expanded its physical education activities to include the type of. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Business		Extensive investments had to be made in a short period of time. Since regulations have not yet been toughened and considerable investments have already been made, it is unlikely that a similar surge in demand will be caused by this source. (references)
Economic History	Estonia	In October of 1980, the youth of Tallinn also demonstrated against toughened Russification policies, particularly in education. (references)
Worker Rights	India	The PITA toughened penalties for trafficking in children, particularly by focusing on traffickers, pimps, landlords, and brothel operators, while protecting underage girls as victims. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

"Toughened" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 60.00% of the time. "Toughened" is used about 60 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)	60%	36	57,479
Lexical Verb (past participle)	30%	18	82,615
Lexical Verb (past tense)	10%	6	143,867
Total	100.00%	60	N/A

Expressions using "toughened": Toughened glass ♦ toughened mineral ocular. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "toughened": toughened-up.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "toughened"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		变坚韧 (toughen, Toughening). (various references)

Danish		haerdet glas (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, tempered safety glass, toughened glass, toughened safety glass), glas med ensartet hærdning (uniformly toughened glass), forstærket okular (toughened mineral ocular), forspændt glas (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), brudsikkert glas (toughened glass). (various references)

Dutch		voorgespannen glas (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), veiligheidsglas (toughened glass), hardglas (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), gelijkmatig gehard glas (uniformly toughened glass), gehard veiligheidsglas (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass), gehard mineraal oogglas (toughened mineral ocular), gehard glas (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass). (various references)

Finnish		karkaistu varmuuslasi (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass), karkaistu mineraalilinssi (toughened mineral ocular), karkaistu lasilinssi (toughened mineral ocular), karkaistu lasi (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass). (various references)

French		vitrage résistant (toughened glass), verre trempé (toughened glass), verre de sécurité trempé (toughened safety glass), verre � trempe uniforme (uniformly toughened glass), oculaire minéral trempé (toughened mineral ocular). (various references)

German		machte zäh. (various references)

Greek		ύαλος ομοιόμορφης σκλήρυνσης (uniformly toughened glass), σκληρυμένο γυαλί (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, tempered safety glass, toughened glass, toughened safety glass), γυαλί σκληρυμένο με θερμική επεξεργασία (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass), γυαλί ασφαλείας (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, tempered safety glass, toughened glass, toughened safety glass), ενισχυμένο παρμπρίζ (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), ενισχυμένο τζάμι (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), τεταμένο γυαλί (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass). (various references)

Italian		vetro temprato (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), vetro temperato (glazing, hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), vetro indurito (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), vetro di sicurezza temprato (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass), vetro ad alta resistenza (toughened glass), vetro a tempera uniforme (uniformly toughened glass), Oculare minerale temprato (toughened mineral ocular), oculare minerale temperato (toughened mineral ocular). (various references)

Manx		reenit (stiffened), creoit (hardened, stiffened, tempered), creoighit (hardened, sclerosed). (various references)

Pig Latin		oughenedtay

Portuguese		vidro temperado (tempered glass), vidro de têmpera uniforme (uniformly toughened glass), vidro de segurança temperado (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass). (various references)

Spanish		vidrio templado (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass), vidrio de temple uniforme (uniformly toughened glass), vidrio de seguridad templado (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass), ocular mineral templado (toughened mineral ocular). (various references)

Swedish		termiskt härdat glas (tempered safety glass, toughened safety glass), lins av härdat mineralglas (toughened mineral ocular), härdat mineralglas för skyddsglasögon (toughened mineral ocular), härdat glas (hardened glass, heat-treated glass, pre-stressed glass, tempered glass, toughened glass). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Misspellings
	"Toughened" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: toughener. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "toughened" (pronounced tu"fund)
4	-f u n d	orphaned, siphoned, softened, stiffened.
3	-u n d	abandoned, aforementioned, aland, almond, apportioned, auctioned, auditioned, awakened, bargained, beckoned, blackened, bludgeoned, brightened, broadened, burdened, burgeoned, buttoned, captioned, cautioned, championed, chastened, cheapened, chickened, christened, commissioned, conditioned, cordoned, cottoned, cushioned, dampened, darkened, decommissioned, deepened, destined, determined, diamond, dimensioned, disciplined, disheartened, disillusioned, dockland, Eland, emblazoned, emboldened, engined, enlightened, enlivened, envisioned, errand, evened, examined, fashioned, fastened, fattened, flattened, frightened, functioned, gardened, Garland, garrisoned, glistened, happened, hardened, hastened, heartened, heightened, Highland, Holland, husband, illumined, imagined, impassioned, imprisoned, island, jettisoned, leavened, legend, lengthened, lessened, ligand, lightened, likened, listened, livened, loosened, malfunctioned, margined, mentioned, millisecond, moistened, moribund, motioned, nanosecond, Norland, occasioned, opened, optioned, Osmund, overburdened, pardoned, partitioned, petitioned, poisoned, positioned, predestined, predetermined, prisoned, proportioned, propositioned, questioned, quickened, rationed, reasoned, reawakened, rechristened, reckoned, reconditioned, reexamined, reopened, repositioned, requisitioned, Reverend, ripened, ruined, saddened, sanctioned, seasoned, second, sectioned, sharpened, Shetland, shortened, sickened, slackened, soland, stationed, steepened, stipend, straightened, strengthened, summoned, sweetened, thickened, thousand, threatened, tightened, unburdened, unbuttoned, undetermined, unenlightened, unmentioned, unopened, unquestioned, unsanctioned, upland, vacationed, weakened, widened, wizened, worsened.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "d-e-e-g-h-n-o-t-u"
	-2 letters: oughted, thonged, tongued, toughed, toughen.
	-3 letters: dengue, denote, dought, enough, hented, hognut, hunted, nought, thoued, tonged, tongue.
	-4 letters: doeth, donee, donut, dough, endue, etude, genet, geode, godet, hedge, honed, hound, noted, nudge, ought, outed, tenge, teugh, thegn, thong, togue, toned, tough, tuned, undee, ungot.
	-5 letters: deet, dene, dent, doge, done, dong, dote, doth, duet.
	Words containing the letters "d-e-e-g-h-n-o-t-u"
	+2 letters: groundsheet.
	+3 letters: groundsheets.
	+4 letters: doughtinesses.
	+5 letters: counterchanged, countercharged, droughtinesses.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.